Apparatus and method for controlling braking-force distribution in vehicle collision

Information

  • Patent Application
  • 20070228822
  • Publication Number
    20070228822
  • Date Filed
    March 15, 2007
    17 years ago
  • Date Published
    October 04, 2007
    17 years ago
Abstract
An apparatus and method for controlling a braking-force distribution in a vehicle collision is used in a vehicle including at least one electric storage device and at least one motor-generator for driving and braking. When the vehicle decelerates or stops in response to a brake operation, regenerative cooperative brake control is performed in which a braking force of a frictional brake is reduced or eliminated while a braking force of a regenerative brake applied by the motor-generator is increased by an amount corresponding to the reduction in the braking force of the friction brake. When the vehicle collides, the apparatus reduces the braking force of the regenerative brake applied by the motor-generator and increases the braking force of the friction brake.
Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:



FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a rear-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle including a braking-force-distribution control apparatus according to a first embodiment of the invention;



FIG. 2 is a control block diagram illustrating a calculation processing system of an integrated controller according to the first embodiment;



FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a target-driving-force map used by a target-driving-force calculator shown in FIG. 2 for calculating a target driving force;



FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a target-mode map used by a mode selector shown in FIG. 2 for selecting a target mode;



FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a target charge/discharge power map used by a target charge/discharge calculator shown in FIG. 2 for calculating target charge/discharge power;



FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a calculation process carried out by an operating-point command unit shown in FIG. 2 for determining an operating point;



FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a shift map used in a step of calculating a target shift position in the calculation process shown in FIG. 6;



FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a map of maximum engine torque versus engine speed that is used in a step of calculating a target engine torque in the calculation process shown in FIG. 6;



FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a process carried out by the integrated controller according to the first embodiment for controlling a braking-force distribution in a vehicle collision;



FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the characteristics of a vehicle speed, a collision prediction flag, a regenerative brake, a mechanical brake and a high-voltage circuit obtained by the hybrid vehicle including the braking-force-distribution control apparatus according to the first embodiment when the time to collision can be estimated and an operation of changing the braking-force distribution is finished before collision; and



FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a drive system of another example of a rear-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle to which embodiments of the braking-force-distribution control apparatus can be applied.


Claims
  • 1. A brake force control apparatus for a vehicle, comprising: a battery;a motor-generator that performs regenerative braking with a regenerative braking force and charges the battery with electric power regenerated;a frictional braking device that performs frictional braking with a frictional braking force;a collision detecting/predicting device operable to detect or predict a collision against an obstacle; anda controller configured to: set a braking force distribution such that a sum of the regenerative braking force and the frictional braking force becomes equal to a required braking force according to an operator braking action; andchange the braking force distribution by reducing the regenerative braking force and increasing the frictional braking force when the collision detecting/predicting device detects or predicts the collision.
  • 2. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the collision detecting/predicting device is a collision detector that detects the collision by a magnitude of impact exerted on the vehicle; andthe controller is further configured to start changing the braking force distribution when the collision detector detects the collision.
  • 3. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the collision detector is an airbag sensor that senses an acceleration of the vehicle for activating an airbag.
  • 4. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the collision detector is an impact sensor disposed on the vehicle.
  • 5. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the collision detector is an acceleration sensor of a vehicle dynamics control system or a traction control system.
  • 6. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the controller is further configured to: control a changing speed for changing the braking force distribution based on the magnitude of impact when the collision detector detects the collision.
  • 7. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the controller is configured to: change the braking force distribution immediately when the magnitude of impact is higher than a power shut-off threshold value and to change the braking force distribution at a speed under which a sudden change of vehicle dynamic behavior is avoidable when the magnitude of impact is equal to or lower than the power shut-off threshold value; andset the power shut-off threshold value to a value wherein when the magnitude of impact is higher than the value, power supply between the motor-generator and the battery should be shut-off.
  • 8. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the vehicle comes to a standstill when the collision detector detects the collision; andchange the braking force distribution immediately if the vehicle is at a standstill even when the magnitude of impact is equal to or lower than the power shut-off threshold value.
  • 9. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the power shut-off threshold value is set according to the direction of collision.
  • 10. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the power shut-off threshold value is set lower if the collision is from directions where at least one of a high-voltage element, a high-voltage battery and fuel supply elements is disposed.
  • 11. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 1 wherein: the collision detecting/predicting device is a collision predictor that predicts the collision; andthe controller is further configured to start changing the braking force distribution when the collision predictor predicts the collision.
  • 12. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the collision predictor is operable to predict the collision when an intelligent brake assist system operates.
  • 13. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the collision predictor is operable to predict the collision when an anti-skid brake system operates.
  • 14. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 11 wherein: the collision predictor comprises a driving-environment monitor configured to monitor a driving-environment around the vehicle; andthe collision predictor predicts the collision when the driving-environment monitor detects an approaching of the obstacle.
  • 15. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the controller is further configured to: control a speed of changing the braking force distribution based on a predicted situation of collision when the collision predictor predicts the collision.
  • 16. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 15 wherein: the collision predictor predicts the collision when an intelligent brake assist system operates; andthe controller is configured to determine a speed of changing the braking force distribution based on a marginal time required for the vehicle to collide with the obstacle predicted by the intelligent brake assist system.
  • 17. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 15 wherein: the collision predictor predicts the collision when an anti-skid brake system operates; andthe controller is configured to change the braking force distribution at a speed ratio under which a sudden change of vehicle dynamic behavior is avoidable.
  • 18. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 15 wherein: the collision predictor comprises a driving-environment monitor configured to monitor a driving-environment around the vehicle;the collision predictor predicts the collision when the driving-environment monitor detects an approaching of the obstacle; andthe controller is configured to determine a speed of changing the braking force distribution based on a marginal time required for the vehicle to collide with the obstacle predicted by the driving-environment monitor.
  • 19. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to: restrict the braking force distribution to the regenerative braking force performed by the motor-generator; anddistribute a braking force equivalent to a difference between the required braking force and the regenerative braking force to the frictional braking force.
  • 20. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the controller is configured to reduce the regenerative braking force by strengthening a degree of restriction on the braking force distribution to the regenerative braking force in a phased manner.
  • 21. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the controller is configured to reduce the regenerative braking force by strengthening a degree of restriction on the braking force distribution to the regenerative braking force in a ramp manner.
  • 22. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the controller is further configured to restrict a speed of changing the braking force distribution by a response speed of the regenerative braking force performed by the motor-generator and a response speed of the frictional braking force performed by the frictional braking device.
  • 23. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the controller is further configured to restrict a speed of changing the braking force distribution such that the change of the braking force distribution can be completed in a required time.
  • 24. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a high-voltage relay disposed between the motor-generator and the battery; and wherein:the controller is further configured to set the braking force distribution to the regenerative braking force performed by the motor-generator smaller than a threshold brake force amount; andthe threshold brake force amount is an amount corresponding to a regeneration electric current that will not cause failure when a power supply between the motor-generator and the battery is shut-off by turning off the high-voltage relay.
  • 25. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 24 wherein the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle further comprising: an engine;a first clutch disposed between the engine and the motor-generator;a second clutch disposed between the motor-generator and at least one drive wheel; and wherein:the controller is further configured to disengage the second clutch when the braking force distribution to the regenerative braking force becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold brake force amount.
  • 26. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the controller is further configured to reengage the second clutch in a slip-engaging manner when reengaging the second clutch after disengagement.
  • 27. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the controller is further configured to control a power supply between the motor-generator and the battery based on a situation of the vehicle when the collision detecting/predicting device detects or predicts the collision.
  • 28. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising: a high-voltage relay disposed between the motor-generator and the battery; and wherein the controller is configured to:determine whether the vehicle comes to a standstill when the collision detecting/predicting device detects or predicts the collision; andshut-off the power supply between the motor-generator and the battery by turning off the high-voltage relay after completing the change of the braking force distribution if the vehicle is not at a standstill.
  • 29. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 28, further comprising: an inverter disposed between the battery and the high-voltage relay; anda DC-DC converter disposed between the battery and a lower voltage battery; and wherein:the controller is further configured to keep the DC-DC converter operating until a voltage of the inverter falls after shutting-off the power supply between the motor-generator and the battery.
  • 30. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 28 wherein the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the hybrid vehicle further comprising: an engine;a first clutch disposed between the engine and the motor-generator; anda second clutch disposed between the motor-generator and at least one drive wheel; and wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the second clutch is disengaged after shutting-off the power supply between the motor-generator and the battery; andoperate the motor-generator in power-running mode if the second clutch is disengaged.
  • 31. The brake force control apparatus according to claim 30 wherein the controller is further configured to: determine whether the frictional braking device has a margin to increase the frictional braking force after shutting-off the power supply between the motor-generator and the battery;operate the motor-generator in power-running mode if the frictional braking device has the margin to increase the frictional braking force even when the second clutch is not disengaged; andincrease the frictional braking force by an amount corresponding to a power-running torque of the motor-generator.
  • 32. A brake force control method for a vehicle, comprising: setting a braking force distribution such that a sum of a regenerative braking force performed by a motor-generator and a frictional braking force performed by a frictional braking device becomes equal to a required braking force according to an operator braking action;detecting or predicting a collision against an obstacle; andchanging the braking force distribution by reducing the regenerative braking force and increasing the frictional braking force when the collision is detected or predicted.
Priority Claims (2)
Number Date Country Kind
2006-090027 Mar 2006 JP national
2007-002282 Jan 2007 JP national