BIOSENSING DEVICE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a biosensing device to set up the parameters of a strip in the device so that the calibration can be completed at a lower cost and be more user friendly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Biosensing instruments have been developed to detect a variety of biomolecular complexes including oligonucleotides, antibody-antigen interactions, hormone-receptor interactions, and enzyme-substrate interactions. In general, biosensors consist of two components: a highly specific recognition element and a transducer that converts the molecular recognition event into a quantifiable signal. Signal transduction has been accomplished by many methods, including fluorescence and interferometry. Biosensing instruments that employ disposable sample strips enjoy wide consumer acceptance. Such instruments are employed for the detection of analytes such as glucose and cholesterol levels in blood samples and, in general, provide accurate readings.

However, to obtain accurate detecting results, the information in association with the disposable strips (such as calibration parameters, strip type and expiration duration, etc.) must be entered in the biosensing instruments. Calibration of the biosensor must be done first before using it. The strips are different lot by lot. The strip manufacturers must provide the calibration code for each lot of strips. The users must perform a set-up procedure before using the strips according to the manufacturers' manual so that the biosensors can receive correct calibration information. There are two setting procedures known in the art for calibration. One is that the user selects a set of built-in calibration codes in the biosensor according to the corresponding calibration codes marked in the package of the strips. The other is that a code card is attached to each lot of strips in order to save the calibration parameters in a memory unit. In a further calibration of the sensor unit, a parameter setting card corresponding to a lot number of a sensor included therein is inserted into the main unit so that the sensitivity of the equipment is calibrated. In a still further calibration of the sensor unit, correction data is supplied to the main unit in accordance with bar codes labelled thereon to calibrate the sensitivity of the biosensing instrument.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,403 provides a hand-held shirt-pocket portable medical diagnostic system for checking measurement of blood glucose, urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, blood components or other body qualities. This prior reference describes an integrated system that provides a method by which the patient lances the finger to get a sample of blood which is then used by the device to provide a reading of the blood glucose or other analyte concentration. This system uses a complex reflectance system to read the analyte level in the sample.

European Patent No. 0351891 describes an electrochemical sensor system and electrodes which are suitable for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a body fluid sample. The system requires the use of expensive electrodes and a reader to determine the analyte concentration level.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,199 provides a device including an integrated circuit carrier and a socket for removably and longitudinally receiving the integrated circuit carrier. It describes a biosensing meter with a pluggable memory key. This device uses a pluggable memory key to control the operations of the meter.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,366,609 relates to biosensing meters for determining the presence of an analyte in a biological sample, and, more particularly, to a biosensing meter whose operation is controlled by data accessed from a removably pluggable memory module. It describes a biosensing meter with a pluggable read-only memory wherein data read from the read-only memory at sequential times during the use of the meter enables a determination to be made as to whether the read-only memory has been switched during a test procedure.

Although many improvements have been made, the cost and complexity needed for calibration are still significant. The need to match calibration of a meter to the strips leads to errors in analyte concentration readings. Currently, existing calibration mechanisms require loading a calibration chip or strip, or manually inputting a calibration code into the meter. These devices can be reused numerous times, resulting in errors by the patient who does not change to or enter the appropriate calibration data. An additional issue is the use of test strips which are out of date. Old test strips which are expired can lead to errors and inaccurate results. By providing a means to eliminate the use of expired test strips, the patients will not have to monitor the expiration date of the test strips, and patient errors from using old test strips are eliminated.

There remains an important need to develop rapid, simple, cheaper and reliable calibration for biosensing instruments.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a biosensing device comprising the following units:

- an input unit comprising a parameter-setting card of a strip and a port of the biosensing device wherein the parameter-setting card connects with the port so that the circuit of the card and the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensor device form a working circuit and produce an electrical signal by providing the circuit with a voltage or a current;
- an analysis unit converting the resulting signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit;
- a process unit decoding the electrical signal obtained from the analysis unit to obtain the data values by pre-defining the maximum value, minimum value and the resolution value to be entered into the biosensing device and determining the minimum unit of measurement from the maximum value and minimum value of the characterizing method; and
- a set unit storing the resulting data numbers as the basis for calibrating the biosensing device for the strip.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention.

FIG. 2 shows that the encoding method of the invention refers to one parameter in full scale.

FIG. 3 is a plot expressing the method referring to two or more parameters at one time.

FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows that the setting data can be obtained through the set unit by an encoding and calculation series on the basis of the strength of the voltage and the corresponding parameters.

FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows that the setting data can be obtained through the set unit by an encoding and calculation series on the basis of the correspondence between the strength of the voltage or the duration of time and the parameters.

FIG. 8 shows the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a biosensing device to set up the calibration parameters of the strip in the device so that the calibration can be completed at a lower cost and be more user friendly.

The invention provides a biosensing device comprising the following units:

- an input unit comprising a parameter-setting card of a strip and a port of the biosensing device wherein the parameter-setting card connects with the port so that the circuit of the card and the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensor device form a working circuit and produce an electrical signal by providing the working circuit with a voltage or a current;
- an analysis unit converting the resulting signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit;
- a process unit decoding the electrical signal obtained from the analysis unit to obtain the data values by pre-defining the maximum value, minimum value and the resolution value to be entered into the biosensing device and determining the minimum unit of measurement from the maximum value and minimum value of the characterizing method; and
- a set unit storing the resulting data numbers as the basis for calibrating the biosensing device for the strip or giving the operation-related parameters.

The biosensing device of the invention comprises four units that set parameters of the device for a strip used therein. The above-mentioned four units are the input unit, analysis unit, process unit and set unit, which are shown in the following scheme:

The input unit of the biosensing device of the invention comprises a parameter-setting card of a strip and a port of the biosensing device wherein the parameter-setting card connects with the port so that the circuit of the card and the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device form a working circuit (see FIG. 1). This working circuit shown in FIG. 1 is a voltage-to-voltage amplifier that can produce an electrical signal by providing the circuit on the card with a DC (direct current) voltage or a current. The electrical signal can be acquired through the acquiring circuit. When the biosensing device provides a voltage or a current, the circuit on the card produces the electrical signal as the function of time (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The signal is characterized by a voltage difference (ΔV). The provided voltage causes the voltage to change over time to form a voltage-time function. The acquiring circuit can further comprise a multiplexer to select more than one circuit loop to get two or more signals in a parameter setting card (see FIG. 4). The output of signals and its corresponding manner are shown in FIG. 5. Another type of the parameter-setting card can further comprise a capacitor. It provides a signal that varies according to time (e.g. the voltage or current intensity changes over time). On the basis of the voltage difference (ΔV) or time difference (ΔT), the parameter value can be attached to them (see FIG. 7). In addition, the acquiring circuit can be a current-to-voltage amplifier to achieve the same purpose (see FIG. 8). As shown in FIG. 8, the Vout depends on R_Awith a baseline of Vt. The Vt is a DC voltage source. The current which passes through R_Gis determined by R_A. Since the relationship between Vout and R_Ais well known, the circuit can be applied to achieve the same purpose as that of FIG. 1. According to the invention, the parameter-setting card comprises an open-loop circuit comprised of at least a set of non-memory elements. The open-loop circuit is preferably the circuit comprised of resistors or capacitors or both in series or parallel configurations. After the parameter-setting card of a strip is inserted into the port of the biosensing device, a working circuit is formed by connecting the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device with the circuit of the parameter-setting card.

The analysis unit of the biosensing device of the invention converts the electrical signal obtained from the input unit through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit.

The process unit of the biosensing device of the invention encodes the electrical signal obtained from the analysis unit to obtain the data numbers by pre-determining the maximum value (P_max), minimum value (P_min) and the resolution value (P_res) to be entered into the biosensing device and determining the minimum unit of measurement from the maximum value and minimum value of the characterizing method. Using the voltage difference as the method to characterize the electrical signal, the data numbers (P_n) can be obtained through the following equation:

$\begin{matrix} P_{n} = \frac{P_{\max} - P_{\min}}{P_{res}} & (Eq . 2 - 1) \end{matrix}$

In addition, the maximum value (U_max) and the minimum value (U_min) of the characterizing method to be used should be determined to obtain the minimum unit of measurement (step) through the following equation:

$\begin{matrix} step = \frac{U_{\max} - U_{\min}}{P_{n}} & (Eq . 2 - 2) \end{matrix}$

The data values (P) acquired can be calculated by the following equation: (Here U_inis the characterized value of signal)

$\begin{matrix} P = P_{\min} + \frac{U_{in}}{step} & (Eq . 2 - 3) \end{matrix}$

The set unit of the biosensing device of the invention stores the resulting data numbers as the basis for the calibration of the biosensing device for the strip.

EXAMPLES
Example 1

To enter the slope of the characteristic equation of the strip into the biosensing device, the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention are illustrated in FIG. 1. The signal-acquiring circuit includes at least a reference resistance (R_f) and an amplifier circuit. The equivalent impedance (R_a) in the reference resistance and the parameter-setting card form a divided circuit. Using the input of the slope of the calibration data as an example, if the slope of the characteristic equation of the strip ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 and the resolution value is 0.02 (e.g., the minimum increment in the range is 0.02), according to Eq. 2-1 stated above, the mapping data number (P_n) is as follows:

$P_{n} = \frac{P_{\max} - P_{\min}}{P_{res}} = \frac{2 - 0.5}{0.02} = 75$

If the ADC reference voltage is 2.5V, the reference resistance (R_f) is 10 k Ω and the range of the voltage variation is limited between 0.1 V and 2.5 V, according to Eq. 2-2, the minimum unit of measurement (step) is as follows:

$step = \frac{U_{\max} - U_{\min}}{P_{n}} = \frac{2.5 - 0.1}{75} = 0.032$

According to Eq. 2-3, the voltage and their equivalent impedances corresponding to the data numbers to be entered into the biosensing device can be calculated (see Table 1 below).

TABLE 1

slope
VRa(V)
Ra(Ω)

0.50
0.100
417

0.52
0.116
557

0.54
0.132
702

0.56
0.148
851

0.58
0.164
1004

0.60
0.180
1161

0.62
0.196
1322

0.64
0.212
1489

0.66
0.228
1660

0.68
0.244
1837

0.70
0.260
2019

0.72
0.276
2207

0.74
0.292
2401

0.76
0.308
2601

0.78
0.324
2807

0.80
0.340
3021

0.82
0.356
3242

0.84
0.372
3470

0.86
0.388
3706

0.88
0.404
3951

0.90
0.420
4205

0.92
0.436
4468

0.94
0.452
4741

0.96
0.468
5024

0.98
0.484
5319

1.00
0.500
5625

1.02
0.516
5944

1.04
0.532
6276

1.06
0.548
6622

1.08
0.564
6984

1.10
1.060
7361

1.12
1.092
7756

1.14
1.124
8169

1.16
1.156
8601

1.18
1.188
9055

1.20
1.220
9531

1.22
1.252
10032

1.24
1.284
10559

1.26
1.316
11115

1.28
1.348
11701

1.30
1.380
12321

1.32
1.412
12978

1.34
1.444
13674

1.36
1.476
14414

1.38
1.508
15202

1.40
1.540
16042

1.42
1.572
16940

1.44
1.604
17902

1.46
1.636
18935

1.48
1.668
20048

1.50
1.700
21250

1.52
1.732
22552

1.54
1.764
23967

1.56
1.796
25511

1.58
1.828
27202

1.60
1.860
29063

1.62
1.892
31118

1.64
1.924
33403

1.66
1.956
35956

1.68
1.988
38828

1.70
2.020
42083

1.72
2.052
45804

1.74
2.084
50096

1.76
2.116
55104

1.78
2.148
61023

1.80
2.180
68125

1.82
2.212
76806

1.84
2.244
87656

1.86
2.276
101607

1.88
2.308
120208

1.90
2.340
146250

1.92
2.372
185313

1.94
2.404
250417

1.96
2.436
380625

1.98
2.468
771250

2.00
2.500
∞

The characterized values of the signal voltage mapping to the slopes can be obtained by pointing out appropriate impedances. By using the amplifier circuit to acquire the signal from the parameter-setting card, the characteristic values can be obtained by the process of the analysis unit. In this example, the characteristic value is the strength of the voltage (ΔV). According to the encoding regulations, the setting data can be obtained through the set unit by an encoding and calculation series on the basis of the strength of the voltage and the corresponding parameters. FIG. 2 shows that the above-mentioned encoding method can also be changed to that referring to two or more parameters at one time, which can be used in a different data type that does not need to be entered for the same setting. FIG. 3 is a plot expressing the method referring to two or more parameters at one time.

Example 2

If the slope and intercept of the characteristic equation of the strip are entered into the biosensing device simultaneously, the configuration of the signal-acquiring circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention are as illustrated in FIG. 4. The signal-acquiring circuit includes at least a reference resistance (R_f), an amplifier circuit and a signal selection circuit (for example, a multiplexer). By changing the signal through the signal selection circuit, the equivalent impedance (R_aor R_b) in the parameter-setting card and the reference resistance forms a divided circuit, wherein the circuit of Ra is the signal corresponding to the slope of the parameter for setting and the circuit of Rb is the signal corresponding to the intercept of the parameter for setting. If the slope of the characteristic equation of the strip ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 and the resolution value is 0.02, the mapping way is as shown in Example 1 above. In addition, the intercept may range from 0.1 V to 0.5 V and its resolution value is 0.005. According to Eq. 2-1 stated above, the mapping data number (P_n) is as follows:

$P_{n} = \frac{P_{\max} - P_{\min}}{P_{res}} = \frac{0.5 - 0.1}{0.005} = 80$

If the ADC reference voltage is 2.5V, the reference resistance (R_f) is 10 k Ω and the range of the voltage variation is limited between 0.1 and 2.5, according to Eq. 2-2, the minimum unit of measurement (step) is as follows:

$step = \frac{U_{\max} - U_{\min}}{P_{n}} = \frac{2.5 - 0.1}{80} = 0.03$

According to Eq. 2-3, the voltage values and their equivalent impedances corresponding to the data numbers to be entered into the biosensing device can be calculated (see Table 2 below).

TABLE 2

Intercept
VRb(V)
Rb(Ω)

0.100
0.100
417

0.105
0.130
438

0.110
0.160
460

0.115
0.190
482

0.120
0.220
504

0.125
0.250
526

0.130
0.280
549

0.135
0.310
571

0.140
0.340
593

0.145
0.370
616

0.150
0.400
638

0.155
0.430
661

0.160
0.460
684

0.165
0.490
707

0.170
0.520
730

0.175
0.550
753

0.180
0.580
776

0.185
0.610
799

0.190
0.640
823

0.195
0.670
846

0.200
0.700
870

0.205
0.730
893

0.210
0.760
917

0.215
0.790
941

0.220
0.820
965

0.225
0.850
989

0.230
0.880
1013

0.235
0.910
1038

0.240
0.940
1062

0.245
0.970
1086

0.250
1.000
6667

0.255
1.030
7007

0.260
1.060
7361

0.265
1.090
7730

0.270
1.120
8116

0.275
1.150
8519

0.280
1.180
8939

0.285
1.210
9380

0.290
1.240
9841

0.295
1.270
10325

0.300
1.300
10833

0.305
1.330
11368

0.310
1.360
11930

0.315
1.390
12523

0.320
1.420
13148

0.325
1.450
13810

0.330
1.480
14510

0.335
1.510
15253

0.340
1.540
16042

0.345
1.570
16882

0.350
1.600
17778

0.355
1.630
18736

0.360
1.660
19762

0.365
1.690
20864

0.370
1.720
22051

0.375
1.750
23333

0.380
1.780
24722

0.385
1.810
26232

0.390
1.840
27879

0.395
1.870
29683

0.400
1.900
31667

0.405
1.930
33860

0.410
1.960
36296

0.415
1.990
39020

0.420
2.020
42083

0.425
2.050
45556

0.430
2.080
49524

0.435
2.110
54103

0.440
2.140
59444

0.445
2.170
65758

0.450
2.200
73333

0.455
2.230
82593

0.460
2.260
94167

0.465
2.290
109048

0.470
2.320
128889

0.475
2.350
156667

0.480
2.38
198333

0.485
2.41
267778

0.490
2.44
406667

0.495
2.47
823333

0.500
2.50
∞

The characterized values of the signal voltage mapping to the slopes can be obtained by pointing out appropriate impedances. By controlling the signal selection circuit, R_a, the reference resistance and the biosensing device can form the signal wave shape of the circuit output. The slope can be obtained by using the amplifier circuit to acquire the signal from the parameter-setting card and encoding the resulting data. After completion, Rb was chosen as the working resistance by the signal selection circuit, Ra exhibited an open-loop state and the signal generated on the basis of Rb was acquired by using the amplifier circuit, and the characteristic value of the strength of the voltage (ΔV) can be obtained by the process of the analysis unit. According to the encoding regulations, the setting data can be obtained through the set unit by an encoding and calculation series on the basis of the strength of the voltage and the corresponding parameters (see FIG. 5).

Example 3

The manufacturing date of a strip can be entered into the biosensing device to manage the expiration date of the strip. The characteristic methods of the invention can represent year and week numbers. The configuration of the circuit of the biosensing device and the parameter-setting card of a strip in the input unit of the invention are illustrated in FIG. 6. The signal-acquiring circuit includes at least a reference resistance (R_f) and an amplifier circuit. The reference resistance and the impedances that are R_aand C_Ain parallel in the parameter-setting card form a divided circuit. The equivalent impedance in the parameter-setting card changes depending on the parameters. Since the C_Ais a component with the function of time or frequency, the voltage strength (ΔV) and time difference (ΔT) can both be applied to decode for parameter inputting. By using the amplifier circuit to acquire the signal from the parameter-setting card, the characteristic value of the signal wave shape can be obtained by the process of the analysis unit. In this example, the characteristic values are the strength of the voltage (ΔV) and the time difference (ΔT). According to the encoding regulations, the setting data can be obtained through the set unit by an encoding and calculation series on the basis of the strength of the voltage and the corresponding parameters (see FIG. 7).

For example, if each week from 2007 to 2011 is to be entered into the biosensing device, the characteristic values are the voltage strength (ΔV) and time difference (ΔT), which represent week numbers and year, respectively. For the encoding of week numbers, since a year includes 52 weeks, the mapping data number (P_n) according to Eq. 2-1 is as follows:

$P_{n} = \frac{P_{\max} - P_{\min}}{P_{res}} = \frac{52 - 1}{1} = 51$

If the ADC reference voltage is 2.5V, the reference resistance (R_f) is 470 k Ω and the range of the voltage variation is limited between 0.2 V and 1.73 V, according to Eq. 2-2, the minimum unit of measurement (step) is as follows:

$step = \frac{U_{\max} - U_{\min}}{P_{n}} = \frac{1.73 - 0.2}{51} = 0.03$

According to Eq. 2-3, the voltage values and their equivalent impedances corresponding to the data numbers to be entered into the biosensing device can be calculated (see Table 3 below).

TABLE 3

Year

2007
2008
2009

ΔT = 0.5 s
ΔT = 0.4 s
ΔT = 0.3 s

weak
Vra(ΔV)
time const.
Ra(Ω)
Ca (uF)
VRa(ΔV)
time const.
Ra(Ω)
Ca (uF)
VRa(ΔV)
time const.
Ra(Ω)
Ca (uF)

1
0.200
0.102
40870
2.70
0.200
0.083
40870
2.200
0.200
0.056
40870
1.500

2
0.230
0.095
47621
2.20
0.230
0.078
47621
1.800
0.230
0.065
47621
1.500

3
0.260
0.098
54554
2.00
0.260
0.073
54554
1.500
0.260
0.059
54554
1.200

4
0.290
0.098
61674
1.80
0.290
0.082
61674
1.500
0.290
0.065
61674
1.200

5
0.320
0.096
68991
1.60
0.320
0.072
68991
1.200
0.320
0.060
68991
1.000

6
0.350
0.099
76512
1.50
0.350
0.079
76512
1.200
0.350
0.066
76512
1.000

7
0.380
0.107
84245
1.50
0.380
0.086
84245
1.200
0.380
0.059
84245
0.820

8
0.410
0.092
92201
1.20
0.410
0.077
92201
1.000
0.410
0.063
92201
0.820

9
0.440
0.099
100388
1.20
0.440
0.083
100388
1.000
0.440
0.056
100388
0.680

10
0.470
0.106
108818
1.20
0.470
0.072
108818
0.820
0.470
0.060
108818
0.680

11
0.500
0.094
117500
1.00
0.500
0.077
117500
0.820
0.500
0.064
117500
0.680

12
0.530
0.100
126447
1.00
0.530
0.082
126447
0.820
0.530
0.056
126447
0.560

13
0.560
0.105
135670
1.00
0.560
0.086
135670
0.820
0.560
0.059
135670
0.560

14
0.590
0.091
145183
0.82
0.590
0.075
145183
0.680
0.590
0.062
145183
0.560

15
0.620
0.096
155000
0.82
0.620
0.079
155000
0.680
0.620
0.065
155000
0.560

16
0.650
0.100
165135
0.82
0.650
0.083
165135
0.680
0.650
0.057
165135
0.470

17
0.680
0.105
175604
0.82
0.680
0.087
175604
0.680
0.680
0.060
175604
0.470

18
0.710
0.091
186425
0.68
0.710
0.075
186425
0.560
0.710
0.063
186425
0.470

19
0.740
0.095
197614
0.68
0.740
0.078
197614
0.560
0.740
0.065
197614
0.470

20
0.770
0.098
209191
0.68
0.770
0.081
209191
0.560
0.770
0.056
209191
0.390

21
0.800
0.102
221176
0.68
0.800
0.084
221176
0.560
0.800
0.059
221176
0.390

22
0.830
0.106
233593
0.68
0.830
0.073
233593
0.470
0.830
0.061
233593
0.390

23
0.860
0.091
246463
0.56
0.860
0.076
246463
0.470
0.860
0.063
246463
0.390

24
0.890
0.094
259814
0.56
0.890
0.079
259814
0.470
0.890
0.055
259814
0.330

25
0.920
0.097
273671
0.56
0.920
0.081
273671
0.470
0.920
0.057
273671
0.330

26
0.950
0.100
288065
0.56
0.950
0.084
288065
0.470
0.950
0.059
288065
0.330

27
0.980
0.103
303026
0.56
0.980
0.087
303026
0.470
0.980
0.061
303026
0.330

28
1.010
0.106
318591
0.56
1.010
0.074
318591
0.390
1.010
0.063
318591
0.330

29
1.040
0.092
334795
0.47
1.040
0.076
334795
0.390
1.040
0.065
334795
0.330

30
1.070
0.095
351678
0.47
1.070
0.078
351678
0.390
1.070
0.054
351678
0.270

31
1.100
0.097
369286
0.47
1.100
0.081
369286
0.390
1.100
0.056
369286
0.270

32
1.130
0.100
387664
0.47
1.130
0.083
387664
0.390
1.130
0.057
387664
0.270

33
1.160
0.102
406866
0.47
1.160
0.085
406866
0.390
1.160
0.059
406866
0.270

34
1.190
0.105
426947
0.47
1.190
0.074
426947
0.330
1.190
0.060
426947
0.270

35
1.220
0.094
447969
0.41
1.220
0.076
447969
0.330
1.220
0.062
447969
0.270

36
1.250
0.096
470000
0.41
1.250
0.078
470000
0.330
1.250
0.063
470000
0.270

37
1.280
0.099
493115
0.41
1.280
0.079
493115
0.330
1.280
0.065
493115
0.270

38
1.310
0.101
517395
0.41
1.310
0.081
517395
0.330
1.310
0.054
517395
0.220

39
1.340
0.098
542931
0.39
1.340
0.083
542931
0.330
1.340
0.055
542931
0.220

40
1.370
0.100
569823
0.39
1.370
0.085
569823
0.330
1.370
0.057
569823
0.220

41
1.400
0.103
598182
0.39
1.400
0.087
598182
0.330
1.400
0.058
598182
0.220

42
1.430
0.105
628131
0.39
1.430
0.073
628131
0.270
1.430
0.059
628131
0.220

43
1.460
0.107
659808
0.39
1.460
0.074
659808
0.270
1.460
0.060
659808
0.220

44
1.490
0.092
693366
0.33
1.490
0.076
693366
0.270
1.490
0.062
693366
0.220

45
1.520
0.094
728980
0.33
1.520
0.077
728980
0.270
1.520
0.063
728980
0.220

46
1.550
0.096
766842
0.33
1.550
0.079
766842
0.270
1.550
0.064
766842
0.220

47
1.580
0.098
807174
0.33
1.580
0.080
807174
0.270
1.580
0.065
807174
0.220

48
1.610
0.100
850225
0.33
1.610
0.082
850225
0.270
1.610
0.054
850225
0.180

49
1.640
0.102
896279
0.33
1.640
0.083
896279
0.270
1.640
0.055
896279
0.180

50
1.670
0.104
945663
0.33
1.670
0.085
945663
0.270
1.670
0.057
945663
0.180

51
1.700
0.096
998750
0.30
1.700
0.086
998750
0.270
1.700
0.058
998750
0.180

52
1.730
0.098
1055974
0.30
1.730
0.088
1055974
0.270
1.730
0.059
1055974
0.180

Year

2010

2011

ΔT = 0.2 s

ΔT = 0.1 s

weak
VRa(ΔV)
time const.
Ra(Ω)
Ca (uF)
VRa(ΔV)
time const.
Ra(Ω)
Ca (uF)

1
0.200
0.038
40870
1.000
0.200
0.021
40870
0.560

2
0.230
0.043
47621
1.000
0.230
0.020
47621
0.470

3
0.260
0.040
54554
0.820
0.260
0.019
54554
0.390

4
0.290
0.037
61674
0.680
0.290
0.021
61674
0.390

5
0.320
0.041
68991
0.680
0.320
0.020
68991
0.330

6
0.350
0.037
76512
0.560
0.350
0.022
76512
0.330

7
0.380
0.040
84245
0.560
0.380
0.019
84245
0.270

8
0.410
0.043
92201
0.560
0.410
0.021
92201
0.270

9
0.440
0.039
100388
0.470
0.440
0.018
100388
0.220

10
0.470
0.042
108818
0.470
0.470
0.019
108818
0.220

11
0.500
0.037
117500
0.390
0.500
0.021
117500
0.220

12
0.530
0.039
126447
0.390
0.530
0.022
126447
0.220

13
0.560
0.041
135670
0.390
0.560
0.019
135670
0.180

14
0.590
0.043
145183
0.390
0.590
0.020
145183
0.180

15
0.620
0.038
155000
0.330
0.620
0.021
155000
0.180

16
0.650
0.040
165135
0.330
0.650
0.018
165135
0.150

17
0.680
0.042
175604
0.330
0.680
0.019
175604
0.150

18
0.710
0.044
186425
0.330
0.710
0.020
186425
0.150

19
0.740
0.038
197614
0.270
0.740
0.021
197614
0.150

20
0.770
0.039
209191
0.270
0.770
0.022
209191
0.150

21
0.800
0.041
221176
0.270
0.800
0.018
221176
0.120

22
0.830
0.042
233593
0.270
0.830
0.019
233593
0.120

23
0.860
0.044
246463
0.270
0.860
0.019
246463
0.120

24
0.890
0.037
259814
0.220
0.890
0.020
259814
0.120

25
0.920
0.038
273671
0.220
0.920
0.021
273671
0.120

26
0.950
0.039
288065
0.220
0.950
0.021
288065
0.120

27
0.980
0.041
303026
0.220
0.980
0.018
303026
0.100

28
1.010
0.042
318591
0.220
1.010
0.019
318591
0.100

29
1.040
0.043
334795
0.220
1.040
0.020
334795
0.100

30
1.070
0.036
351678
0.180
1.070
0.020
351678
0.100

31
1.100
0.037
369286
0.180
1.100
0.021
369286
0.100

32
1.130
0.038
387664
0.180
1.130
0.021
387664
0.100

33
1.160
0.039
406866
0.180
1.160
0.022
406866
0.100

34
1.190
0.040
426947
0.180
1.190
0.018
426947
0.082

35
1.220
0.041
447969
0.180
1.220
0.019
447969
0.082

36
1.250
0.042
470000
0.180
1.250
0.019
470000
0.082

37
1.280
0.043
493115
0.180
1.280
0.020
493115
0.082

38
1.310
0.037
517395
0.150
1.310
0.020
517395
0.082

39
1.340
0.038
542931
0.150
1.340
0.021
542931
0.082

40
1.370
0.039
569823
0.150
1.370
0.021
569823
0.082

41
1.400
0.039
598182
0.150
1.400
0.022
598182
0.082

42
1.430
0.040
628131
0.150
1.430
0.018
628131
0.068

43
1.460
0.041
659808
0.150
1.460
0.019
659808
0.068

44
1.490
0.042
693366
0.150
1.490
0.019
693366
0.068

45
1.520
0.043
728980
0.150
1.520
0.019
728980
0.068

46
1.550
0.044
766842
0.150
1.550
0.020
766842
0.068

47
1.580
0.045
807174
0.150
1.580
0.020
807174
0.068

48
1.610
0.036
850225
0.120
1.610
0.021
850225
0.068

49
1.640
0.037
896279
0.120
1.640
0.021
896279
0.068

50
1.670
0.038
945663
0.120
1.670
0.021
945663
0.068

51
1.700
0.038
998750
0.120
1.700
0.022
998750
0.068

52
1.730
0.039
1055974
0.120
1.730
0.018
1055974
0.056

In addition, for the encoding of year, since the years to be entered range from 2007 to 2012, according to Eq. 2-1, the mapping data number (P_n) according to Eq. 2-1 is as follows:

$P_{n} = \frac{P_{\max} - P_{\min}}{P_{res}} = \frac{2011 - 2007}{1} = 4$

If the ADC reference voltage is 2.5V, the reference resistance (R_f) is 470 k Ω and the range of the time reference (ΔT) variation is limited between 0.5 and 0.1, according to Eq. 2-2, the minimum unit of measurement (step) is as follows:

$step = \frac{U_{\max} - U_{\min}}{P_{n}} = \frac{0.5 - 0.1}{4} = 0.1$

According to Eq. 2-3, the time difference (ΔT) and the equivalent capacitance value (C_A) corresponding to the data numbers to be entered into the biosensing device can be calculated (see Table 3 above).

BIOSENSING DEVICE

Information

Publication Number

Date Filed

Date Published

Inventors

Original Assignees

CPC

US Classifications

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims