Patent Grant
10901616
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
This invention relates generally to computer networks and more particularly to dispersing error encoded data.
Computing devices are known to communicate data, process data, and/or store data. Such computing devices range from wireless smart phones, laptops, tablets, personal computers (PC), work stations, and video game devices, to data centers that support millions of web searches, stock trades, or on-line purchases every day. In general, a computing device includes a central processing unit (CPU), a memory system, user input/output interfaces, peripheral device interfaces, and an interconnecting bus structure.
As is further known, a computer may effectively extend its CPU by using “cloud computing” to perform one or more computing functions (e.g., a service, an application, an algorithm, an arithmetic logic function, etc.) on behalf of the computer. Further, for large services, applications, and/or functions, cloud computing may be performed by multiple cloud computing resources in a distributed manner to improve the response time for completion of the service, application, and/or function. For example, Hadoop is an open source software framework that supports distributed applications enabling application execution by thousands of computers.
In addition to cloud computing, a computer may use “cloud storage” as part of its memory system. As is known, cloud storage enables a user, via its computer, to store files, applications, etc. on an Internet storage system. The Internet storage system may include a RAID (redundant array of independent disks) system and/or a dispersed storage system that uses an error correction scheme to encode data for storage.
The DSN memory 22 includes a plurality of storage units 36 that may be located at geographically different sites (e.g., one in Chicago, one in Milwaukee, etc.), at a common site, or a combination thereof. For example, if the DSN memory 22 includes eight storage units 36, each storage unit is located at a different site. As another example, if the DSN memory 22 includes eight storage units 36, all eight storage units are located at the same site. As yet another example, if the DSN memory 22 includes eight storage units 36, a first pair of storage units are at a first common site, a second pair of storage units are at a second common site, a third pair of storage units are at a third common site, and a fourth pair of storage units are at a fourth common site. Note that a DSN memory 22 may include more or less than eight storage units 36. Further note that each storage unit 36 includes a computing core (as shown in
Each of the computing devices 12-16, the managing unit 18, and the integrity processing unit 20 include a computing core 26, which includes network interfaces 30-33. Computing devices 12-16 may each be a portable computing device and/or a fixed computing device. A portable computing device may be a social networking device, a gaming device, a cell phone, a smart phone, a digital assistant, a digital music player, a digital video player, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a tablet, a video game controller, and/or any other portable device that includes a computing core. A fixed computing device may be a computer (PC), a computer server, a cable set-top box, a satellite receiver, a television set, a printer, a fax machine, home entertainment equipment, a video game console, and/or any type of home or office computing equipment. Note that each of the managing unit 18 and the integrity processing unit 20 may be separate computing devices, may be a common computing device, and/or may be integrated into one or more of the computing devices 12-16 and/or into one or more of the storage units 36.
Each interface 30, 32, and 33 includes software and hardware to support one or more communication links via the network 24 indirectly and/or directly. For example, interface 30 supports a communication link (e.g., wired, wireless, direct, via a LAN, via the network 24, etc.) between computing devices 14 and 16. As another example, interface 32 supports communication links (e.g., a wired connection, a wireless connection, a LAN connection, and/or any other type of connection to/from the network 24) between computing devices 12 & 16 and the DSN memory 22. As yet another example, interface 33 supports a communication link for each of the managing unit 18 and the integrity processing unit 20 to the network 24.
Computing devices 12 and 16 include a dispersed storage (DS) client module 34, which enables the computing device to dispersed storage error encode and decode data (e.g., data 40) as subsequently described with reference to one or more of
In operation, the managing unit 18 performs DS management services. For example, the managing unit 18 establishes distributed data storage parameters (e.g., vault creation, distributed storage parameters, security parameters, billing information, user profile information, etc.) for computing devices 12-14 individually or as part of a group of user devices. As a specific example, the managing unit 18 coordinates creation of a vault (e.g., a virtual memory block associated with a portion of an overall namespace of the DSN) within the DSTN memory 22 for a user device, a group of devices, or for public access and establishes per vault dispersed storage (DS) error encoding parameters for a vault. The managing unit 18 facilitates storage of DS error encoding parameters for each vault by updating registry information of the DSN 10, where the registry information may be stored in the DSN memory 22, a computing device 12-16, the managing unit 18, and/or the integrity processing unit 20.
The DSN managing unit 18 creates and stores user profile information (e.g., an access control list (ACL)) in local memory and/or within memory of the DSN memory 22. The user profile information includes authentication information, permissions, and/or the security parameters. The security parameters may include encryption/decryption scheme, one or more encryption keys, key generation scheme, and/or data encoding/decoding scheme.
The DSN managing unit 18 creates billing information for a particular user, a user group, a vault access, public vault access, etc. For instance, the DSTN managing unit 18 tracks the number of times a user accesses a non-public vault and/or public vaults, which can be used to generate a per-access billing information. In another instance, the DSTN managing unit 18 tracks the amount of data stored and/or retrieved by a user device and/or a user group, which can be used to generate a per-data-amount billing information.
As another example, the managing unit 18 performs network operations, network administration, and/or network maintenance. Network operations includes authenticating user data allocation requests (e.g., read and/or write requests), managing creation of vaults, establishing authentication credentials for user devices, adding/deleting components (e.g., user devices, storage units, and/or computing devices with a DS client module 34) to/from the DSN 10, and/or establishing authentication credentials for the storage units 36. Network administration includes monitoring devices and/or units for failures, maintaining vault information, determining device and/or unit activation status, determining device and/or unit loading, and/or determining any other system level operation that affects the performance level of the DSN 10. Network maintenance includes facilitating replacing, upgrading, repairing, and/or expanding a device and/or unit of the DSN 10.
The integrity processing unit 20 performs rebuilding of ‘bad’ or missing encoded data slices. At a high level, the integrity processing unit 20 performs rebuilding by periodically attempting to retrieve/list encoded data slices, and/or slice names of the encoded data slices, from the DSN memory 22. For retrieved encoded slices, they are checked for errors due to data corruption, outdated version, etc. If a slice includes an error, it is flagged as a ‘bad’ slice. For encoded data slices that were not received and/or not listed, they are flagged as missing slices. Bad and/or missing slices are subsequently rebuilt using other retrieved encoded data slices that are deemed to be good slices to produce rebuilt slices. The rebuilt slices are stored in the DSTN memory 22.
The DSN interface module 76 functions to mimic a conventional operating system (OS) file system interface (e.g., network file system (NFS), flash file system (FFS), disk file system (DFS), file transfer protocol (FTP), web-based distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV), etc.) and/or a block memory interface (e.g., small computer system interface (SCSI), internet small computer system interface (iSCSI), etc.). The DSN interface module 76 and/or the network interface module 70 may function as one or more of the interface 30-33 of
In the present example, Cauchy Reed-Solomon has been selected as the encoding function (a generic example is shown in
The computing device 12 or 16 then disperse storage error encodes a data segment using the selected encoding function (e.g., Cauchy Reed-Solomon) to produce a set of encoded data slices.
Returning to the discussion of
As a result of encoding, the computing device 12 or 16 produces a plurality of sets of encoded data slices, which are provided with their respective slice names to the storage units for storage. As shown, the first set of encoded data slices includes EDS 1_1 through EDS 5_1 and the first set of slice names includes SN 1_1 through SN 5_1 and the last set of encoded data slices includes EDS 1_Y through EDS 5_Y and the last set of slice names includes SN 1_Y through SN 5_Y.
To recover a data segment from a decode threshold number of encoded data slices, the computing device uses a decoding function as shown in
In an example of operation, the global management unit 90 obtains (e.g., receives, generates) DSN operational issue information 94 concerning a DSN memory issue in a locally operated DSN memory. For example, the global management unit 90 may receive a message from a local management unit #196 that includes the DSN operational issue information 94 concerning a DSN memory issue in the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92. The global management unit 90 may determine, based on the DSN operational issue information 94, whether the DSN memory issue is regarding a local DSN issue or a global DSN issue. Note the local DSN issue is a DSN memory issue that may affect only a particular locally operated DSN memory. Further note the global DSN issue is a DSN memory issue that may affect another locally operated DSN memory outside the particular locally operated DSN memory (e.g., one of the 2nd through Nth locally operated DSN memories 92).
When the global management unit 90 determines the DSN memory issue is the local DSN issue, the global management unit may perform a variety of approaches. In a first approach, the global management unit 90 may determine a corrective action 95 and may send a corrective action message 97 indicating the corrective action to the 1st local management unit 96 of the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92. In a second approach, the global management unit 90 may end the process (e.g., when the DSN operational issue information 94 indicates that the local management unit #196 is responsible for performing the corrective action 95). In a third approach, the global management unit 90 may determine a corrective action 95 and perform the corrective action 95 in the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92.
When the global management unit 90 determines the DSN memory issue is the global DSN issue, the global management unit may perform a variety of global approaches. In a first global approach, the global management unit 90 may determine a corrective action 95 and perform the corrective action 95 in the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92 and the 2nd locally operated DSN memory 92. For example, the global management unit 90 determines whether the global DSN management unit is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the plurality of locally operated DSN memories. When the global DSN management unit is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the first and second locally operated DSN memories of the plurality of locally operated DSN memories, the global management unit 90 executes the corrective action in the first and second locally operated DSN memories 92.
In a second global approach, the global management unit 90 may determine a corrective action 95, may send a corrective action message 97 to the 1st local management unit #196 indicating the corrective action 95 in the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92, and may perform the corrective action 95 in the 2nd locally operated DSN memory 92. For example, the global management unit 90 determines whether the global DSN management unit is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the plurality of locally operated DSN memories. When the global DSN management unit is not configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the first locally operated DSN memory and is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the second locally operated DSN memory, the global management unit 90 sends a corrective action message 97 (e.g., indicating to update system level applications of the 1st locally operated DSN memory 92) to the local management unit #196 and executes the corrective action 95 in the second locally operated DSN memory 92 (e.g., updates system level applications of the 2nd locally operated DSN memory 92).
In an embodiment, the global management unit 90 has the ability to communicate back down to the DSN. The global management unit 90 may be configured to detect for DSN memory issues. As an example, the global management unit 90 may detect certain licensing abuses such as exceeding capacity or detecting DSN use to be against terms of service based on collected metadata, or even security or software bugs that guard against data loss and/or corruption. When the global management unit 90 detects a DSN memory issue, a support staff member may be assigned to review the issue. Upon review and approval, the global management unit 90 may send a remote command to a targeted local management unit. The local management unit may interpret the command and signal other computing devices in the DSN via established protocols to immediately disable all storage units within one or more locally operated DSN memories.
The method continues with step 102, where a global management unit determines whether the DSN memory issue is regarding a local DSN issue or a global DSN issue. For example, the global management unit determines the DSN memory issue is a global issue when the DSN memory issue indicative of an adverse effect in another locally operated DSN memory.
When the DSN memory issue is not a global DSN issue, the method loops back to step 100 or alternatively ends the process. When the DSN memory issue is the global DSN issue, the method continues with step 104, where the global DSN management unit determines whether a corrective action is available in response to the DSN memory issue. When the corrective action is not available, the method branches to step 112, where the global DSN management unit sends an alert message to the locally operated DSN memories indicating the DSN memory issue. When the corrective action is available, the method continues with step 106, where the global DSN management unit determines whether the global DSN management unit is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the plurality of locally operated DSN memories.
When the global DSN management unit is configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue in the first locally operated DSN memory of the plurality of locally operated DSN memories, the method continues with step 108, where the global DSN management unit executes the corrective action in the first locally operated DSN memory. In an example, the global DSN management unit disables storage units of the locally operated DSN memory. In another example, the global DSN management unit updates system level data of the locally operated DSN memory. In yet another example, the global DSN management unit updates system level applications of the locally operated DSN memory.
When the global DSN management unit is not configured for automatic correction of the DSN memory issue, the method branches to step 110, where the global DSN management unit sends the corrective action to a coordination unit of the first locally operated DSN memory. Note the above steps may be implemented by a computer readable storage medium that includes at least one memory section that stores operational instructions that, when executed by a processing system of a dispersed storage network (DSN) that includes a processor and a memory, causes the processing system to perform one or more of the above steps.
It is noted that terminologies as may be used herein such as bit stream, stream, signal sequence, etc. (or their equivalents) have been used interchangeably to describe digital information whose content corresponds to any of a number of desired types (e.g., data, video, speech, audio, etc. any of which may generally be referred to as ‘data’).
As may be used herein, the terms “substantially” and “approximately” provides an industry-accepted tolerance for its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to fifty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences. As may also be used herein, the term(s) “configured to”, “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and/or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for an example of indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, the term “configured to”, “operable to”, “coupled to”, or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includes direct and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item being embedded within another item.
As may be used herein, the term “compares favorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that signal 1 has a greater magnitude than signal 2, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of signal 1 is greater than that of signal 2 or when the magnitude of signal 2 is less than that of signal 1. As may be used herein, the term “compares unfavorably”, indicates that a comparison between two or more items, signals, etc., fails to provide the desired relationship.
As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module”, “processing circuit”, “processor”, and/or “processing unit” may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or further include, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embedded circuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. Note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located (e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless bus structure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network). Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via a state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the corresponding operational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, the circuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memory element may store, and the processing module, module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/or functions illustrated in one or more of the Figures. Such a memory device or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.
One or more embodiments have been described above with the aid of method steps illustrating the performance of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functional building blocks and method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries and sequences can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claims. Further, the boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined for convenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined as long as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed. Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily defined herein to illustrate certain significant functionality.
To the extent used, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence could have been defined otherwise and still perform the certain significant functionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional building blocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scope and spirit of the claims. One of average skill in the art will also recognize that the functional building blocks, and other illustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can be implemented as illustrated or by discrete components, application specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and the like or any combination thereof.
In addition, a flow diagram may include a “start” and/or “continue” indication. The “start” and “continue” indications reflect that the steps presented can optionally be incorporated in or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this context, “start” indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, the “continue” indication reflects that the steps presented may be performed multiple times and/or may be succeeded by other activities not specifically shown. Further, while a flow diagram indicates a particular ordering of steps, other orderings are likewise possible provided that the principles of causality are maintained.
The one or more embodiments are used herein to illustrate one or more aspects, one or more features, one or more concepts, and/or one or more examples. A physical embodiment of an apparatus, an article of manufacture, a machine, and/or of a process may include one or more of the aspects, features, concepts, examples, etc. described with reference to one or more of the embodiments discussed herein. Further, from figure to figure, the embodiments may incorporate the same or similarly named functions, steps, modules, etc. that may use the same or different reference numbers and, as such, the functions, steps, modules, etc. may be the same or similar functions, steps, modules, etc. or different ones.
Unless specifically stated to the contra, signals to, from, and/or between elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein may be analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-ended or differential. For instance, if a signal path is shown as a single-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path. Similarly, if a signal path is shown as a differential path, it also represents a single-ended signal path. While one or more particular architectures are described herein, other architectures can likewise be implemented that use one or more data buses not expressly shown, direct connectivity between elements, and/or indirect coupling between other elements as recognized by one of average skill in the art.
The term “module” is used in the description of one or more of the embodiments. A module implements one or more functions via a device such as a processor or other processing device or other hardware that may include or operate in association with a memory that stores operational instructions. A module may operate independently and/or in conjunction with software and/or firmware. As also used herein, a module may contain one or more sub-modules, each of which may be one or more modules.
As may further be used herein, a computer readable memory includes one or more memory elements. A memory element may be a separate memory device, multiple memory devices, or a set of memory locations within a memory device. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any device that stores digital information. The memory device may be in a form a solid state memory, a hard drive memory, cloud memory, thumb drive, server memory, computing device memory, and/or other physical medium for storing digital information.
While particular combinations of various functions and features of the one or more embodiments have been expressly described herein, other combinations of these features and functions are likewise possible. The present disclosure is not limited by the particular examples disclosed herein and expressly incorporates these other combinations.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8122114 | Krishnamoorthy | Feb 2012 | B1 |
| 8386834 | Goel | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| 8910022 | Grube | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 9086994 | Resch | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9208025 | Dhuse et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9286738 | Amon | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9559862 | Dash | Jan 2017 | B1 |
| 10440084 | Lohmar et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 20060236198 | Wang | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20070050417 | Hasegawa | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20100235585 | Dowlatkhah | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20140136901 | Butler | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140164581 | Park et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20150236896 | Brown et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20160034354 | Hashimoto | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160080495 | Bilas | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20170031970 | Burk et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170090824 | Tamborski | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170093978 | Cilfone et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170249205 | Iljazi | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170286088 | Litvinsky | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20180004449 | Cilfone et al. | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180018226 | Kazi | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180018230 | Leggette | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| Entry |
|---|
| Notice of Allowance dated Nov. 27, 2019 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/057,561, 8 pages. |
| List of IBM Patents or Applications Treated as Related. |
| Office Action dated Apr. 20, 2020 in related U.S. Appl. No. 16/017,140, 22 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200050369 A1 | Feb 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16057561 | Aug 2018 | US |
| Child | 16520419 | US |
