Patent Application
20100292722
The present application claims priority to and the benefit of Swiss Patent Application CH 00777/09, filed May 18, 2009, with the Swiss Patent Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field
The invention relates to a device for forming or drilling a circular arc-shaped bore, a kit including such a device, and a method of forming or drilling a circular arc-shaped bore using such a device.
2. Description of Related Art
In some applications, it may be desirable to place a bore in a controlled manner along a circular arc-shaped channel. Specifically in the field of bone surgery, practitioners may want to insert arcuate-shaped implants into the bone in a controlled manner and without unnecessary loss of bone material. There has not been a tool developed for forming circular arc-shaped bores, to facilitate insertion of a circular arc-shaped implant, for example, an arcuate nail. A circular arc-shaped bore allows for an unproblematic insertion of a monomorphic implant, since any shape of the bore departing from the circular arc may lead to jamming of the implant to be inserted.
Embodiments of the invention provide a device for forming or drilling a circular arc-shaped bore, a kit including the device and at least one implant for a heel which is formed as, for example, a bone nail, and a method of forming or drilling a circular arc-shaped bore using such a device.
Embodiments of the invention may provide for an exactly circular arc-shaped bore to be manufactured.
In one embodiment the device comprises a motor drive for a flexible shaft. Thereby, the flexible shaft may be connected via its rear end with a drive machine, wherein a clamping means of the drive machine is disposed and axially fixed at a rear end of a stiff tube located around the flexible shaft. Further, an outer diameter of the flexible shaft is dimensioned corresponding to an inner diameter of the tube, such that the flexible shaft has only a small tolerance within the tube. Due to the small tolerance and the guidance of the flexible shaft along its entire length within the tube, the helically curved wire windings of the flexible shaft will not widen due to the torque to be transferred towards the tool head, such that despite the bending elasticity, a high torsional stiffness of the flexible shaft is realized. The device can be provided with a handle.
In another embodiment a device comprises a push cup, which is fixed at the rear end of the flexible shaft and can be attached to the rear end of the tube. A driving pin which can be clamped in a driving machine extends from the push cup. By applying a feeding force onto the driving machine, the tube may be moved along with the flexible shaft in a frontward (i.e., advancing) direction.
In a further embodiment, coupling means are arranged at the front end of the flexible shaft, by which a tool head can be removably coupled to the flexible shaft. The flexible shaft is supported by the push cup in an axially rigid manner at the rear end of the tube, while the tool is disposed axially at the front end of the tube.
The assembly of the flexible shaft and the tool head may be carried out according to the following steps:
In a further embodiment, the tool head is movable solely by the flexible shaft.
In a further embodiment the radius of curvature of the central axis of the tube may be 240 mm at maximum, preferably 210 mm at maximum.
In a further embodiment the radius of curvature of the center axis of the tube may be at least 130 mm, preferably at least 200 mm.
In another embodiment the curvature of each infinitesimal section of the stiff tube may correspond to a radius of curvature of the central axis, which may be at least 130 mm.
In a further embodiment, the tube includes an outer diameter da, which may be 16 mm at maximum, preferably 13 mm at maximum.
In a further embodiment the tube may have an inner diameter di in the range of 3-7 mm.
In another embodiment the tube may have a mantle thickness of at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 1.5 mm.
In a further embodiment the tube may have a tube length of at least 5 cm, and 35 cm at maximum.
In a further embodiment the tube may be manufactured from stainless steel.
In a further embodiment the tube may be manufactured from a material having an E-module of at least 150·103 N/mm2, and may have a bending stiffness E·I of at least 1.3·106 N mm2.
The following are examples of material properties, taken from Dubbel, “Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau”, 21. Ed., 2005, Springer-Verlag:
Stainless steels: E-module 150-220·103 N/mm2
For the tube the following values are obtained for the axial 2nd order moment of area and the bending stiffness:
Minimum value for the bending stiffness (tube having inner diameter di=3 mm and wall thickness 0.5 mm): Axial 2nd order moment of area [tube: I=Iy=π(da4−d14/64] for da=4 mm and di=3 mm yields, Ix=8.6 mm4, Bending stiffness E·I=1.3-1.9·106 N mm2.
In another embodiment the tool head may have an outer diameter D, where the ratio da/D between an outer diameter da of the tube and the outer diameter D may be 0.95 at maximum, preferably 0.92 at maximum. Typically, the ratio is da/D=10/11.
In a further embodiment the device may further include a target device which can be fixed at a part of the body to be treated, where the target device includes a circular arc-shaped guide for adjustable receipt of the stiff tube. The target device is preferably formed as a C-arc.
In a further embodiment the guide may include two or more target rings. The centers of the target rings lie on a circular arc, the radius of which corresponds to the curvature of the central axis of the tube, and where an angle of the arc may be between at least 10° and 45° at maximum.
In another embodiment the target device has a first end that can be disposed at the surface of a bone, a second end, and a fixation carriage that can be disposed at the surface of a bone. The fixation carriage is slidably supported in a radial direction relative to the arcuate-shaped target device at the second end of the target device, for example, by means of a dove tail guide extending substantially in a radial direction.
In another embodiment the fixation carriage can be mounted to the bone using Kirschner wires.
In a further embodiment the tool head may be provided with axial perforations for the removal of chips of bone material from the bore. The perforations penetrate the tool head in an axial direction and open into the cavity of the flexible shaft, which is formed as a hollow shaft.
In a specific embodiment of the kit, the bone nail may be manufactured from unresorbable material, preferably from stainless steel or titanium or CrCo.
The following are material properties, taken from Dubbel, “Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau”, 21. Ed., 2005, Springer-Verlag:
In an embodiment an implant formed as a bone nail may have an outer diameter DI ranging from 9 to 13 mm.
In a further embodiment the front part of the bone nail may be formed in an elastically bendable manner.
In another embodiment a front part of the bone nail may be less stiff than a rear part. In the front part of the bone nail, longitudinal channels may be provided, such that the front part has a smaller and/or weaker cross-section than the rear part. The front part may therefore be made more flexible than the stiff rear part. The front part, as well as the rear part, of the bone nail may make up 30% to 70% of the entire length of the bone nail.
In another embodiment the bone nail may have, at least in the front part, a longitudinal slit.
In another embodiment the bone nail may include, at least in the front part, a shamrock-shaped cross-section.
In another embodiment the rear part of the bone nail may be formed to be stiff.
In a further embodiment the bone nail may have, at least in the front part, a cavity that is parallel to the longitudinal axis. The bone nail may also be provided in tubular shape, where the half part related to the tip may have a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Further, the front part of the bone nail, which is formed in tubular shape, may comprise a slit.
For the flexible front part of the implant the following values are obtained for the axial 2nd order moment of area and the bending stiffness:
Maximum axial 2nd order moment of area for outer diameter DI=13 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm (inner diameter dI=12 mm) [tube: I=IX=Iy=π(DI4−dI4)/64] for DI=13 mm and dI=12 mm, it follows that Ix=384 mm4.
The following are examples of material properties, taken from Dubbel, Dubbel, “Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau”, 21. Ed., 2005, Springer-Verlag
The bending stiffness B is evaluated according to Dubbel, “Taschenbuch für den Maschinenbau”, 21. Ed., 2005, Springer-Verlag in agreement with the formula: B=E×I, wherein I corresponds to the axial 2nd order moment of area in mm4 and E is the E-module in N/mm2. The axial 2nd order moment of area I depends on the selected bending axis.
In another embodiment the front part of the bone nail can be plastically deformed.
In another embodiment the front part of the bone nail may include a bending stiffness of at least 12·106 N mm2, preferably at least 15·106 N mm2.
In another embodiment, the front part of the bone nail may include a bending stiffness of 85·106 N mm2 at maximum, preferably 60·106 N mm2 at maximum. The front part may have a maximum of 50% of the stiffness of the rear part.
In another embodiment the bone nail may have a nail length LI of 12-50 cm.
In another embodiment the curvature radius of the bone nail may be 240 mm at maximum, preferably 210 mm at maximum.
In another embodiment the ratio LI/DI between a nail length LI and a diameter DI may be less than 16, preferably less than 14.
In a further embodiment the implant may have at least a transverse bore for receiving a locking screw, wherein the longitudinal axis of the transverse bore preferably lies within the curvature plane of the bone nail.
In another embodiment the curvature radius of the bone nail may be at least 130 mm, preferably at least 200 mm.
In another embodiment the bone nail may include an intermediate part between the front part and the rear part, the stiffness of intermediate part increasing towards the rear part.
An application of the device may be for forming a circular arc-shaped bore in the bone.
A further application of the device relates to its application in facilitating Tibio-Calcaneal Arthrodesis.
The invention and further aspects of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description, in conjunction with drawings of several embodiments, in which:
a-11k show schematic drawings of a method of using the device according to an embodiment of the invention.
The embodiment of the device 9 shown in
To provide for an axial feed, a push cup 15 may be fixed at a rear end of the flexible shaft 11. A drive pin 22 is terminally disposed and extends from the push cup 15, and can be clamped into a drive machine. By exerting a feed force to the drive machine, the tube 10 can be fed forward in conjunction with the flexible shaft 11. At the front part of the flexible shaft 11, coupling means (not illustrated) are located, by means of which the tool head 12 can be removably coupled to the flexible shaft 11. The coupling means provide a pre-tension of the flexible shaft 11 after fixation of the tool head 12 at the front part of the flexible shaft 11. The flexible shaft 11 is rigidly supported axially at the rear end of the tube 10 by means of the push cup 15, while the tool head 12 is axially attached at the front end of the tube 10, such that after the fixation of the tool head 12 a pre-tension can be exerted onto the flexible shaft 11. Between the front end of the flexible shaft 11 and the tool head 12, and between the rear end of the flexible shaft 11 and the push cup 15; the pre-tension results in a frictional force. The tool head 12 is driven rotationally by the flexible shaft 11 and axially by the tube 10. In some embodiments, the central axis 14 of the stiff tube 10 has a constant radius of curvature along the entire length of the tube 10 and/or a constant radius or curvature for each infinitesimal section.
The tool head 12 has an outer diameter D, which is larger than an outer diameter of the tube 10. The flexible shaft is formed as an elastically bendable hollow shaft and has an outer diameter that corresponds to an inner diameter di of the tube 10. Further, the tool head 12 may be provided with perforations 36 for removing chips of bone material, for example, from a bore being formed or drilled. The perforations 36 penetrate or traverse the tool head 12 in an axial direction and open into a cavity of the flexible shaft 11. The chips of bone material produced during the drilling process are transferred through the perforations 36 into the cavity of the flexible shaft 11, and are then evacuated through the cavity.
The device 9 may be movably mounted to a target device 13, which can be fixed to a foot, and which is to be positioned such that the stiff tube 10 can be axially inserted into a bone in conjunction with the flexible shaft 11 and the tool head 12. The target device 13 may be formed as a C-arc and may include a circular arc-shaped guide 16 for adjustably or movably coaxially receiving the stiff tube 10. In the embodiment shown herein, the circular arc-shaped guide 16 includes two target rings 17, the centers of which lie on a circular arc having a radius of curvature which corresponds to the radius of curvature of the central axis 14 of the tube 10, and which in one embodiment includes an angle of arc of 25°.
The target device 13 further includes a first end 20, which can be disposed at a surface of a bone and which has a tip 35, a fork-shaped second end 21 and a fixation carriage 18, which can also be disposed at the surface of the bone. The fixation carriage 18 has in the embodiment illustrated two jaws 23, which are laterally disposed adjacent to the stiff tube 10. The fixation carriage 18 may be slidably supported at the second end 21 of the target device 13 in a radial direction with respect to the arc-shaped target device 13, wherein the two jaws 23 are guided by means of dove tail guides 24, which extend in a radial direction. The two jaws 23 may be provided with bores for receiving Kirschner wires 19, wherein the bores are arranged parallel to the plane of the central axis 14 of the stiff tube 10, such that the target device 13 is mountable to the bone by means of the Kirschner wires 19. The assembly of the tool head 12 is carried out after the fixation of the target device 13 at the foot, wherein the stiff tube 10 can be retracted to an extent, such that the tool head 12 can be inserted between the front end of the stiff tube 10 and the surface of the bone and between the two jaws 23 of the fixation carriage 18, and such that it can be mounted at the front end of the flexible shaft 11.
As shown in
The implant 8 may be made of a particularly flexurally rigid material. At the front part 45 of the implant 8, longitudinal slits 49 are provided, such that the front part 45 of the implant 8 is formed as being more elastically bendable.
In order to insert the implant 8 into the bone, it may be advantageous, depending on the quality of the bones, to first drill the respective bones 1, 2, 3, by using the device 9 illustrated in
In
Due to the cavity 56 the bone nail has a thin-walled cross-section 52 in the front part 45 including a peripheral wall 58 having a reduced wall thickness, which is further separated by the longitudinal slit 49 parallel to the longitudinal axis 44. The shamrock-shape in the cross-section 52 results from the embodiment of the wall 58 having two indentations 59 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis 44. The two indentations 59 are arranged on the circumference such that a convex bend 57 of the wall 58 is formed, which diametrally opposes the longitudinal slit 49 and extends parallel to the longitudinal axis. In the intermediate part 55 the stiffness increases from the front part 45 towards the rear part 46 due to a wall thickness of the wall 58 increasing towards the rear part 46. This growing wall thickness is achieved by a continuous narrowing of the cavity 56, and by continuously decreasing the radially measured depth of the indentations 59 in the wall 58 towards the rear part 46, such that there is a continuous transition from the shamrock-shaped cross-section 52 of the front part 45 towards the circular-shaped cross-section 54 of the rear part 46. Prior to the implantation the intermediate part 55 and the front part 45 of the bone nail may have a curved shape (illustrated by a dashed line) having a same radius R of curvature as the rear part 46. Due to the reduced stiffness of the intermediate part 55 and in particular of the front part 45, these sections may bend or deform during insertion into the tibia 3, such that the front part 45 may be bent to have a substantially larger radius of curvature after implantation, or may even may have a rectilinear form (see, e.g.,
The following is a description of a surgery technique according to an embodiment of the invention, with reference to
A patient is brought to a dorsal, ventral or lateral position. By virtue of a selective, limited, front-, lateral- or postero-lateral aditus, both joints (upper and subtalar) are tackled, whereby remaining cartilage is removed. Tibia 3, talus 2 and calcaneus 1 should be freely movable at this point, to achieve a desired re-orientation (alignment). The destroyed and/or to be treated joints or other target joints are aligned (by means of, for example, Arthrodesis between the calcaneus, talus and tibia). A selected position may be fixed by percutaneously inserted, rigid Kirschner wires 19 (3 mm diameter in one embodiment), as shown in
The target device 13 may be attached, with the tip 35 of the target device 13 at the medial base of the upper subtalar joint, as shown in
The stiff tube 10 may be inserted into the two target rings 17, as shown in
An implant 8 may be inserted into the bore up until it reaches the Tibia marrow cavity, as shown in
In
While the present invention has been described in connection with certain exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is instead intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, and equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 00777/09 | May 2009 | CH | national |
