Patent Application
20250062671
Systems and methods for generation of an electric alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) utilizing a solid state system of electromagnetic coils of a rotor and stator along with a sequencing method to harvest the energy from the magnetic fields created by the spin of unpaired electrons which create the magnetic domains found in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials. These systems and methods are also utilized in converting single-phase AC electric power to three-phase electric power, split-phase or single-phase electric power utilizing the solid-state system composed of electromagnetic coils of a solid-state rotor and stator along with one or more of a full wave rectifier, inverter and capacitor as well as simultaneously magnifying the output watts compared to the input watts by a method of harvesting the magnetic energy generated by the electron spin of the unpaired electrons of the iron atoms which constitute the electrical steel or other ferromagnetic or paramagnetic materials which are used to structure the stator and rotor.
The ever increasing need for more energy, along with the rapid depletion of the earth's fossil fuel reserves and environmental pollution of land, air and water, along with simultaneous changes in the climate make obvious the clear and urgent need for alternative energy supplies which are efficient and require no fossil fuels and are non-polluting. Developing “carbon neutral” energy sources is also considered to be highly desirable in view of these facts.
Holcomb PCT Application PCT/EP2019/076967 (A Unique Method of Harvesting Energy From The Magnetic Domains Found in Ferromagnetic and Paramagnetic Materials) describes a method and apparatus for harvesting the energy from the magnetic domains of electrical steel by aligning the magnetic pools of atomic micromagnetics formed by the spin of unpaired electrons in the material from which the energy system was made. Holcomb, Robert R. revealed in a series of patent applications systems and methods of generating AC and DC electrical power by exciting a series of magnetic rotor poles with DC electric power which was sequenced by a high speed computer system. However Holcomb did not reveal the use of three-phase AC power to excite the wound rotor coils and stator coils for generating AC three-phase, single-phase, split-phase or other phase combinations as needed.
It is therefore an objective of the present disclosure to address at least some of these challenges.
Consistent with the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for an in-line generator with a design which eliminates reverse torque along with systems and methods for harvesting the energy from the magnetic domains of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic material and particularly electrical steel, utilizing a variety of systems and methods. In addition, the present disclosure provides the following new and particularly advantageous embodiments:
Accordingly, this current disclosure involves a single-phase or polyphase true power magnifier system which functions by harvesting the energy from the magnetic domains of the electric steel or other ferromagnetic or paramagnetic materials such as graphene with side chains containing unpaired electrons.
Advantageously, this embodiment comprises an oscillating modulator complex for stabilizing voltage and increasing total power output of the unit by harvesting energy from the magnetic domains of the rotor and stator. The oscillating generator modulator may comprise a four-pole electric motor stator housing containing a rotor insert, wherein the rotor insert is wound with conductors in the winding pattern of a four-pole generator, connected on either a “high-wye” hookup, a “low-wye” hookup or a delta hookup.
Preferably, the leads from the rotor hookup of the oscillating modulator are connected with a plurality of capacitors, and the motor stator is connected in a delta to a 3-phase output load.
Advantageously, the 3-phase induced voltage and current from the rotor insert oscillates into and out of the capacitors across the leads, thereby stabilizing and doubling the output power of the unit. The unit generates real power and reactive power to stabilize and increase the power output. This additional energy originates from the pulsed alignment and the realignment of the magnetic domains of the steel. The unit power output is over twice the power input; the voltage is unchanged but the circuit output amperage is more than doubled. This phenomenon occurs because the circular interacting magnetic field lowers the impedance of the stator coils, thereby increased amperage occurs from the collapsing magnetic fields without an increase in voltage. This is a heretofore unexpected phenomenon.
According to the current disclosure of the invention, there is provided a method of generating power by using the aforementioned power magnification device, comprising the steps of:
Utilizing the 3-phase excitation AC power into the 3-phase winding of the motor stator to spin the 4 pole magnetic field at 1800 rpm. This excitation cycle generates power in the rotor core which generates in the rotor which powers the rotor capacitor load. The capacitors send rebound energy back into the stator windings thereby picking up additional energy from the repeated excitation of the magnetic domains of the electrical steel on both the stator and inner rotor.
This current disclosure also reveals a solid-state phase converter for converting single-phase to three-phase electric power at 50 or 60 Hz along with dramatic power magnification which functions by harvesting the energy from the magnetic domains of the electrical steel.
Advantageously, this embodiment comprises an oscillating modulator complex which includes a four-pole (but not limited to four-pole) electric motor stator containing a rotor insert, wherein the rotor insert is wound with conductors in the winding pattern of a four-pole generator, connected in either a ‘high-wye’ hookup, ‘low-wye’ hookup, or a delta hookup. Preferably the leads from the rotor hookup of the oscillating modulator are connected with a plurality of capacitors; and the motor stator is connected in a delta to a 3-phase output load. Preferably, the three-phase legs of the stator are connected with a plurality of capacitors placed across legs #1 to #3, #1 to #2, and #2 to #3. The input power is single-phase or split-phase 60 Hz or 50 Hz power. The two split-phase leads are placed into the stator terminal block in the phase #1 and #2 position. The output power is placed in the phase #1, #2 and #3 of the same terminal block. The third leg or the third phase is generated by the spinning magnetic poles of the two phase legs of the stator and the induced 3-phase legs of the rotor which powers the spinning magnetic field which along with the asymmetric capacitor load on the stator generates the third leg and doubles the power output over the input.
The current flowing through the rotor coils forms relatively weak magnetic poles which align the magnetic domains of the metal to form powerful moving sequenced rotating magnetic poles which generates more power from the magnetic domains than is required to align the fields. Therefore, in the invention of the present disclosure, the harvested energy from the moving magnetic fields as the domains are aligned allows more usable electric energy output than energy input for the system.
The solid state rotor of the present disclosure is virtually free of reverse torque due to five design changes when compared to the standard electric rotary generators found in the prior art:
On Nov. 17, 2017 Dr. Robert R. Holcomb filed a patent application in the European Patent Office (EPO) titled “Solid-State Multi-Pole and Uni-Pole Electric Generator Rotor for AC/DC Electric Generators” in which he described the use of a static rotor with a rotating magnetic field. This disclosure described the use of this device for the elimination of reverse torque or back EMF. It also described the efficiency performance as being apparently greater than 1 (>1). This finding allowed the generator to operate in a self-sustained fashion. The disclosure did not explain the mechanism of input energy to allow an output of more energy than the apparent input energy. This mechanism was addressed in a later disclosure, (A Unique Method of Harvesting from the Magnetic Domains Found in Ferromagnetic and Paramagnetic Materials, a PCT Application PCT/EP2019/076967). The input to output energy does balance when the energy harvested from the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic material of the electrical steel is put into the energy equation.
The device in the present disclosure which generates the rotating magnetic field is referred to as a rotor even though it does not rotate, it emits a rotating magnetic field in the form of distinct magnetic poles, therefore it will be referred to herein as a rotor.
The system of the present disclosure does not conform to the classical definition of an electric power generator (Webster Dictionary Definition of Electric Generator: ‘A machine by which mechanical energy is changed into electrical energy’). The classical generator operates by using a main driver to produce mechanical energy which spins a magnetized rotor. The magnetic flux from the rotor pushes electrons through the stator coils and out to the electric load. The present disclosure generates and propagates a polar magnetic field, the flux from which pushes electrons through the stator coils out to an electric load. The magnetic field rotates but the physical member (the rotor) which generates the magnetic poles remains static. Therefore, since this system does not conform to the classical definition of any existing electric power generating system, it shall hereafter be referred to as “The Holcomb Energy System” (HES).
Embodiments consistent with the present disclosure include systems and methods for one or more electric generator rotors which may be solid-state and may provide the majority of the magnetic flux required to excite the stator and/or the stator excites the stator and the rotor. The poles of the present disclosure are excited by a relatively weak electromagnetic pole. When these poles are excited by the relatively weak electromagnetic fields emanating from the stator and/or rotor, these weak fields align the magnetic domains of the electrical steel in a single direction. The magnetic domains are formed by the electron spin of unpaired electrons of the atoms of the electrical steel or other suitable material. Therefore, the majority of the energy to run this solid-state generator is contributed by the electron spin of unpaired electrons which form magnetic domains and are aligned by the relatively weak fields of the electromagnetic coils. As these domains are coming into alignment they produce a very strong moving magnetic flux which induces the voltage and current flow in the stator coils and/or rotors.
These ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials produce atomic moments that exhibit very strong interactions. These interactions are produced by electronic exchange forces and result in a parallel or anti-parallel alignment of the atomic moments. Exchange forces are very large, equivalent to a field on the order of 1,000 Tesla or approximately 100 million times the strength of the earth's magnetic field. The saturation magnetization of materials is the maximum induced magnetic moment that can be obtained in a magnetic field (H.sat). Beyond this saturation point the field, further increases in the weak aligning magnetic field will not yield further increase in magnetization. Saturation occurs when all of the available magnetic domains have been aligned. Ferromagnetic materials exhibit parallel alignment of magnetic moments resulting in large net magnetization even in the presence of relatively weak electromagnetic poles which are bringing about the alignments.
In accordance with some exemplary embodiments, a system is provided for generating power by removal of reverse torque. Reverse torque accounts for about 80% of the load in a standard generator and this load must be overcome by the prime mover. The in-line power generator of the present disclosure is solid-state and the moving magnetic flux is provided by the progressive and evolving alignment of magnetic domains within the rotor electrical steel poles, therefore it is very efficient. The only power required to operate the generator is that which is necessary to excite the weak magnetic poles which are responsible for aligning the rotor and/or stator magnetic pole domains. Therefore, the generator operates with a complete energy balance.
The above summary equation accounts for all of the significant energy of the system and the input and output energy is completely balanced.
For example, a solid-state electromagnetic rotor, consistent with the present disclosure, may include a plurality of pole pieces arranged around a supporting structure wherein a first end of each pole piece is attached to the support structure and a second end of each pole piece points outward or inward away from the supporting structure and wires are wound around each pole piece such that when the wires of the plurality of pole pieces are sequentially excited by an excitation circuit, the pole pieces are energized by a relatively weak electrical current which provides a relatively weak magnetic pole which in turn aligns the magnetic domains of the poles thereby providing a strong moving polar magnetic field in the form of distinct magnetic poles as desired to accomplish power generation.
In accordance with an aspect, a method is disclosed for removing reverse torque from a rotary electric generator that includes replacement of the conventional dipole or multipole spinning rotor with a unipole, dipole or multipole static solid-state rotor and/or stator which creates distinct rotating magnetic poles. These magnetic poles are generated by exciting the wires wrapped around the electrical steel of the poles. The relatively weak magnetic poles created by the electrical excitation aligns the magnetic domains of the electrical steel or other suitable materials. The powerful moving field created by aligning the magnetic domains generates electric power without rotating the physical rotor body. Since the rotor does not physically rotate, there is no energy consuming interaction between the rotor poles and the magnetic poles induced in the stator piece or vice-versa as the generator is connected to an electric load. Nor does the generator require energy to spin a rotor at the proper speed required to maintain the desired frequency. The majority of the input magnetic energy evolves from alignment of the magnetic domains of the metal poles.
The current disclosure is designed to harvest relatively unlimited amounts of electric energy from ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials. The current disclosure is a redesign of the electric in-line power generator in the form of a solid-state rotary but not limited to rotary power generator. This design eliminates reverse torque found in electric power generators and taps into the power of the magnetic domains of electrical steel (but not confined to electrical steel) as an energy source to power the generator. In the case of electrical steel of the present disclosure, the ratio of magnetic permeability μ (H/M) of air is 1.2567×10−6 H/M and the magnetic permeability of electrical steel is 5.0×10−3 H/M. Therefore the relative permeability of electrical steel compared to air is 4,000 max. μ/μ0. Electromagnetic permeability of a material is related to the number of magnetic domains per unit volume of the material.
A magnetic domain is a region within a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic material in which the magnetization is a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned with one another. The regions separating the domains are called domain walls, where the induced magnetization rotates coherently from the direction in one domain to that in the next domain. These domains are maligned and aligned upon application of a relatively weak magnetic field.
In the current disclosure the electromagnetic poles are formed by the polar direction of the domains being aligned by the relatively weak magnetic fields of the magnetic coil of the standing poles. As the domains are aligned the power of the moving magnetic field evolves primarily from the aligned domains which are formed by the electron spin of atoms in the metal or other appropriate material. Therefore the energy used to power this electric power generating machine is provided by the unpaired electron spin of the atoms making up the ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or other appropriate material which make up the standing poles. The factors which affect the apparent strength of an electromagnet are:
This is related to the relative number of magnetic domains per unit volume. The generator maintains the same 100% output.
In the case of the present disclosure the majority of the input energy to power the generator is contributed by the peculiar electron spin pattern of the ferromagnetic metal or other suitable material used in constructing the generator rotor and stator. The material with high magnetic flux permeability has a large number of magnetic domains as compared to materials of low magnetic permeability.
This system generates electric power according to Faraday's Law. The induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the product of its number of loops, the cross-section area of each loop, and the rate at which the magnetic field changes within those loops as well as the flux density of the changing fields.
In the current disclosure, the rotor is static, i.e. non-rotating, and therefore reverse torque (back EMF) is not an issue. The induced pole in the stator and/or rotor is induced by the current flow in the stator coils. The excited coil aligns the magnetic domains of the pole and the moving magnetic field is formed as the magnetic domains are aligned. The magnetic domains provide the moving flux density to induce the voltage and current in the stator and/or rotor.
Before explaining certain embodiments of the present disclosure in detail, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosure is capable of embodiments in addition to those described and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, as well as in the abstract, are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception and features upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the claims should be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a solid-state electromagnetic generator assembly comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator and the rotor each comprise:
Advantageously, the output amperage is more than double the input amperage due to a decrease in impedance of the circuit coils secondary to the interacting magnetic fields of the stator and rotor.
Optionally, the capacitors are arranged across the leads of the stator and the rotor such that sufficient reactive power is generated to maintain a stable voltage to push the energy generated to the electrical load.
Optionally, the stator and the rotor comprise laminates comprising graphene with side chains containing unpaired electrons laminated with carbon fibre laminates.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a power generator comprising the solid-state electromagnetic generator assembly of any of the preceding claims, and further comprising:
Advantageously, the four-pole rotating magnetic field generates 3-phase voltage in the rotor insert.
Optionally, the power generator further comprises an oscillating modulator for stabilizing voltage and increasing power output of the power generator, said oscillating modulator comprising:
Optionally, leads from the rotor hook-up of the oscillating modulator are connected with a plurality of capacitors; and terminals of the motor stator are connected to a three-phase power input and a three-phase power output to an electric load; and a series of capacitors across the rotor leads and the motor-stator leads provides reactive power to support output voltage to the load.
Advantageously, the reactive power provided by the arrangement of the capacitors is in the range of 5 Kvar to 10 Kvar.
Advantageously, the 3-phase voltage and current from the rotor oscillates into and out of the capacitors across the leads, thereby stabilizing and increasing the power output of the in-line power generator.
Advantageously, the power magnification effect comes from energy harvested from the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic material from which it is constructed at the same instant of lowering the circuit impedance.
Advantageously, the input power rotates a four-pole magnetic field at 1800 rpm in the case of 60 Hz or 1500 rpm in the case of 50 Hz, wherein the two input power leads are connected to the three-phase output terminal block in a “wye” or “delta” hookup, and the output power is connected to the same terminal block as the input power.
Advantageously, the input power excites the pole piece material of the stator with spinning magnetic poles which in turn excite the rotor and induces spinning magnetic poles in the pole piece material of the rotor which generates a current in the wire wound around the rotor, and the wires are configured such that the current induced in the wires flows into the capacitors and the capacitors feed back into the wires wrapped around the rotor which increases the magnetic flux in the pole piece material of the rotor which further excites the wires wrapped around the stator and the pole piece material of the stator thereby increasing the output to an electric load by increasing the amperage output and maintaining a stable voltage.
Optionally, the magnetic domains are repeatedly aligned and relaxed in a cyclic fashion, thereby each cycle the generator generates four times more power than it takes to excite the wires with the input power. For example, the magnetic poles of both the stator and the rotor relax and are excited again twice per cycle. The unit may magnify the power input up to four times more output than input and generates a third phase leg thereby converting single phase or split phase power to three-phase power.
Advantageously, the source of power for the generator may be an electric power grid. The generator may magnify the power output up to 4 times more than the power input, thereby allowing the generator to feed power back to the source at a higher voltage and thereby set up a self-sustaining power loop and consume no net power from the electric power grid, such that the power grid serves merely as an interface.
Embodiments explained herein include systems and methods. Some of these methods revealed herein may be executed by several embodiments of the present disclosure. Several systems consistent with the present disclosure may include at least one rotor and one stator, or the system may include multiple rotors and multiple stators. Embodiments of the present disclosure may alone or in the cumulative accomplish the purpose of the unique method of harvesting an abundance of usable electric energy from the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials such as electrical steel but not limited to electrical steel. For example, various exemplary embodiments are discussed and described herein involving an aspect of an electric machine such as a generator which utilizes relatively weak magnetic fields to align the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials used to construct rotor poles and stator irons. In the present disclosure, the electromagnetic fields of the rotor align in direction and evolve in strength as the magnetic domains of the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials are aligned by the relatively weak fields of the magnetic coils. As the domains are aligned the power of the moving magnetic fields evolve primarily from the aligned domains which derive their energy from the electron spin of the metals of the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials. Magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetization is in a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atom are aligned with one another. The regions separating the domains are called domain walls, wherein induced magnetization fields such as produced by the polar coils of the present disclosure rotates coherently from the direction in one domain to that in the next domain such that the domains may align when they are exposed to the fields of the relatively weak magnetic coils. In the case of the electrical steel of the present disclosure, the ratio of magnetic permeability μ (H/M) of air is 1.2567×10−6 H/M and the magnetic permeability of electrical steel is 5.0×10−3 H/M. Therefore, the relative permeability of electrical steel compared to air is 4,000 max. μ/μ0. Therefore the present disclosure in part or in whole allows the ability to harvest energy from ferromagnetic and/or paramagnetic materials with relatively small amounts of energy input. The ferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials provide an energy source much like photons from the sun.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide numerous advantages over prior systems and methods for example; various exemplary embodiments are discussed and described herein involving aspects of an electrical machine such as a generator that produces power with high efficiency and no reverse torque or electromagnetic drag. The relevance of elimination of the drag to its uses and applications along with the use of super conductor coils is presented and discussed. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for a generator design virtually free of reverse torque due to five design changes when compared to a conventional rotary generator.
These changes are explained next. The solid-state static stator and rotor disclosed herein allows the generator rotors to be operated in any embodiment or design of generator stator. It allows the magnetic poles of the rotor and stator to be rotated at any speed without back EMF or reverse torque because the rotor does not spin, only the magnetic poles spin.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed for removing reverse torque from a rotary electric generator that includes replacement of the conventional dipole or spinning multipole with a uni-pole, dipole or multipole solid-state rotor or a series of rotors structured with layers of stator structures which creates rotating magnetic poles and generates electric power. Since the rotor and stator is stationary there is no energy consuming interaction between the induced magnetic poles formed in a stator piece when the generator is connected to an electric load, nor does the generator require energy to spin a rotor at a proper frequency.
Removal of the reverse torque allows an AC or DC generator to operate with 400%-500% increased efficiency by this design change alone. The removal of reverse torque may be due to geometric isolation or solid-state technology. The solid-state machine of the current disclosure removes reverse torque by developing a solid-state excited and controlled by the 3-phase (not limited to 3-phase) electric power generator made of materials with maximum magnetic permeability.
The energy input for this energy system comes from two sources:
The majority of the input energy which produces output power is contributed by the peculiar electron spin pattern of the electrical steel or other ferromagnetic or paramagnetic materials of the generator. The material with high magnetic permeability has a large number of magnetic domains as compared to materials of low magnetic permeability.
It will be understood that a variety of materials are envisaged as being feasible alternatives to those expressed in the exemplary embodiments. For example, the windings wrapped around the salient poles may be copper but may alternatively be another sufficiently conducting material such as but not limited to graphene. What is more, various dimensions of said materials are envisaged as being feasible. For example, the windings may be #18 American Wire Gauge, but not limited to #18 American Wire Gauge. Removal of the reverse torque allows an AC or DC generator to operate with 400%-500% increased efficiency by this design change alone. The removal of reverse torque may be due to geometric isolation or solid-state technology. The solid-state machine of the current disclosure removes reverse torque by developing a solid-state computer controlled electric power generator made of materials with maximum magnetic permeability. The majority of the input energy which produces output power is contributed by the peculiar electron spin pattern of the electrical steel or other ferromagnetic or paramagnetic materials of the generator. The material with high magnetic permeability has a large number of magnetic domains as compared to materials of low magnetic permeability.
It will be understood that a variety of materials are envisaged as being feasible alternatives to those expressed in the exemplary embodiments. For example, the windings wrapped around the salient poles may be copper but may alternatively be another sufficiently conducting material such as but not limited to graphene. What is more, various dimensions of said materials are envisaged as being feasible. For example, the windings may be #18 American Wire Gauge copper magnet wire, but may alternatively possess other dimensions and/or may be made of a different material. Indeed, the dimensions and compositions of materials discussed in the present disclosure are by way of example only, and should not be construed as being limiting.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments implemented according to the disclosure, the examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
The modulator in-line power generator phase converter operates by input 3-phase or single-phase from a utility or other power source. The input power rotates a four-pole magnetic field at 1800 rpm in the case of 60 Hz or 1500 rpm in the case of 50 Hz. The input power is connected to the 3-phase output terminal block in a wye or delta hookup. The output power is connected to the same terminal block as the input power. The input power excites the stator iron with spinning magnetic poles which in turn excites the inner rotor and induces spinning magnetic poles in the inner rotor iron which generates volts and amps in the rotor windings. The current flows into the capacitors as in
The above detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive nor to limit the disclosure to the exact form disclosed. While specific examples for the disclosure are described above for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize various modifications are possible within the scope of the disclosure. For example, while processes and blocks have been demonstrated in a particular order, different implementations may perform routines or employ systems having blocks, in an alternate order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, supplemented, added, moved, separated, combined, and/or modified to provide different combinations or sub-combinations. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of alternate ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in sequence, these processes or blocks may instead be performed or implemented in parallel or may be performed at different times. The results of processes or blocks may be also held in a non-persistent store as a method of increasing throughput and reducing processing requirements.
Further embodiments and aspects of the present disclosure may be characterised by the following clauses:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21215888.5 | Dec 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/087000 | 12/20/2022 | WO |
