Patent Grant
10964446
The present invention relates to an electric wire conductor, a covered electric wire, and a wiring harness, and more specifically, to an electric wire conductor made of a wire strand, a covered electric wire containing an insulator on an outer periphery of the electric wire conductor, and a wiring harness including the covered electric wire.
A flat cable containing a flat-shaped conductor is commonly known. A flat cable occupies a smaller space for routing than a conventional electric wire configured with a conductor having a substantially circular cross-section.
As described in Patent Literature 1, a flat rectangular conductor is often used as a conductor for conventional flat cable. The rectangular flat conductor is made of a single metal wire formed to have a rectangular cross-section.
A flat rectangular conductor has comparatively high flexibility, and easily bends in a height (thickness) direction of the flat cross-section. However, in a width direction of the flat cross-section, the conductor has low flexibility, and is too rigid to bend easily. Thus, the flat cable having the rectangular conductor hardly bends in the particular direction, which lowers workability of the cable upon routed.
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric wire conductor having both flexibility and a space-saving property, a covered electric wire, and a wiring harness including such an electric wire conductor.
To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, an electric wire conductor according to the present invention contains a wire strand containing a plurality of elemental wires twisted together, the conductor having a flat portion where a cross-section of the wire strand intersecting an axial direction of the wire strand has a flat shape, the flat portion having a vacancy ratio of 17% or higher, the vacancy ratio defined as a ratio of vacancies not occupied by the elemental wires in the cross-section of the flat portion.
Here, the vacancy ratio is preferably 40% or lower.
The deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle in the cross-section of the flat portion are preferably lower at a part facing an outer periphery of the flat portion than at a center part of the flat portion. Further, the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle at the part facing the outer periphery of the flat portion are 50% or lower of the deformation ratios of the elemental wires at the center part of the flat portion. Furthermore, the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle in the cross-section of the elemental wires in the cross-section of the flat portion at the part facing the outer periphery of the flat portion are preferably 10% or lower.
The electric wire conductor preferably contains a continuous vacancy in the cross-section of the flat portion which is capable of accommodating two or more of the elemental wires.
The cross-section of the flat portion preferably includes opposing edges along the width direction of the flat shape being parallel to each other. In this case, the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle in the cross-section of the flat portion are preferably lower at end parts of the opposing sides of the flat portion than at the center part of the flat portion.
A length in the width direction of the flat shape of the flat portion is preferably three times or more larger than a length in the height direction intersecting the width direction.
The cross-section of the flat portion preferably has a quadrangular shape. Further, the cross-section of the flat portion preferably has a rectangular shape.
The electric wire conductor preferably contains the flat portion and a low-flatness portion having a flatness lower than the flat portion, the flat portion and the low-flatness portion continuously disposed in the axial direction.
The number of elemental wires contained in the wire strand is preferably 50 or more.
The wire strand is preferably made of copper or a copper alloy and has a conductor cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 or larger, or made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has a conductor cross-sectional area of 130 mm2 or larger.
In the flat portion of the electric wire conductor, the wire strand is preferably pressed from a first direction and a second direction opposing to each other, and from a third direction and a fourth direction opposing to each other and intersecting the first direction and the second direction.
A covered electric wire according to the present invention contains the electric wire conductor as described above and an insulator covering the electric wire conductor.
A wiring harness according to the present invention contains the covered electric wire as described above.
Here, the wiring harness preferably contains a plurality of the above-mentioned covered electric wires aligned along at least one of the width direction of the electric wire conductor and a height direction intersecting the width direction. In this case, the wiring harness preferably contains at least one of a heat dissipation sheet disposed between the plurality of the covered electric wires and a heat dissipation sheet commonly contacting the plurality of the covered electric wires. Further, the plurality of the covered electric wires are preferably aligned at least along the height direction. In this case, interposing sheets made of a heat dissipation material are preferably disposed between the plurality of the covered electric wires aligned along the height direction. Further, a connection member made of a heat dissipation material is preferably disposed mutually connecting the interposing sheets.
The wiring harness is preferably disposed along an outer periphery of a columnar member. Alternatively, the wiring harness is preferably housed in a hollow part of a hollow tubular member having an opening along the longitudinal direction.
Further, the wiring harness is preferably disposed under the floor of an automobile to constitute a power-supply trunk line. Furthermore, the wiring harness preferably constitutes the ceiling or the floor of an automobile. In these cases, the wiring harness preferably contains a plurality of the above-mentioned covered electric wires which are aligned at least along the width direction of the electric wire conductor, have uniform length in a height direction intersecting the width direction, and are disposed between an interior member and a sound absorbing member of the automobile so as to dispose the width direction along surfaces of the interior member and the sound absorbing member.
The wiring harness preferably contains a first covered electric wire and a second covered electric wire, in which the first covered electric wire is the above described covered electric wire having the electric wire conductor made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the second covered electric wire has the electric wire conductor made of copper or a copper alloy having a lower flatness and a smaller conductor cross-sectional area than the electric wire conductor of the first covered electric wire. In this case, the conductor cross-sectional area of the second covered electric wire is preferably 0.13 mm2 or smaller.
The electric wire conductor according to the present invention has high flexibility because it is formed of a wire strand but not of a single wire. Further, the flat portion having the flat cross-section contributes to reduce a space required for routing as an electric wire compared with a conventional electric wire conductor having a substantially circular cross-section. Furthermore, in a case where the conductor cross-sectional area is made large, a length in the height direction can be kept small by increasing a length in the width direction of the flat shape, whereby the conductor cross-sectional area can be increased while maintaining the space-saving property.
In addition, having a vacancy ratio of 17% or higher, the electric wire conductor according to the present invention can effectively maintain excellent flexibility even through it has a flat cross-section. As a result, the electric wire conductor can be routed freely.
Here, when the vacancy ratio is 40% or lower, the flat portion can be formed into a sufficiently flat shape. Also, the flat shape thus formed can be effectively maintained. Accordingly, the space-saving property of the electric wire conductor can be effectively enhanced.
When the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle in the cross-section of the flat portion are lower at the part facing the outer periphery of the flat portion than at the center part of the flat portion, intensive deformations of the elemental wires located in the peripheral part and application of a large load to the wires due to the deformation for forming the wire strand to have a flat cross-section can be prevented. Further, formation of an irregular structure can be prevented including a sharp protrusion to be formed on the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor due to the deformation of the elemental wires.
When the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle at the part facing the outer periphery of the flat portion are 50% or lower of the deformation ratios of the elemental wires at the center part of the flat portion, concentration of the deformation and the load on the peripheral part of the wire strand, and formation of the irregular structure on the surface of the electric wire conductor is effectively prevented.
When the deformation ratios of the elemental wires from a circle at the part facing the outer periphery of the flat portion are 10% or lower, concentration of the deformation and the load on the peripheral part of the wire strand, and formation of the irregular structure on the surface of the electric wire conductor are effectively prevented.
When the electric wire conductor includes a continuous vacancy in the cross-section of the flat portion which is capable of accommodating two or more of the elemental wires, the electric wire conductor can bend flexibly through migration of the elemental wire to the vacancy, thus the electric wire conductor effectively achieves high flexibility.
When the cross-section of the flat portion includes opposing edges being parallel to each other along the width direction of the flat shape, a large space can be effectively provided on the outside in the height (i.e., thickness) direction of the electric wire to be routed, which leads to high space-saving property of the electric wire. In particular, when a plurality of electric wires are stacked when routed, an unnecessary large space is not required.
In this case, when the deformations ratio of the elemental wire from a circle in the cross-section of the flat portion at the end parts of the opposing edges being parallel to each other of the flat portion are lower than the deformation ratios of the elemental wires at the center part of the flat portion, the concentration of deformation and load on the end parts of the electric wire conductor can be prevented. Further, an irregular structure tends to be formed especially on the end parts of the opposing edges being parallel to each other within the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor; however, by keeping the deformation ratios of the elemental wire at the end parts small, the formation of the irregular structure including the sharp protrusion on the edge parts can be prevented effectively.
When the length in the width direction of the flat shape of the flat portion is three times or more larger than the length in the height direction intersecting the width direction, the electric wire conductor has high flexibility while having high space-saving property in the height direction resulting from the smaller length in the height direction with respect to the length in the width direction.
Further, when the cross-section of the flat portion is a quadrangular shape, useless spaces between electric wires are reduced when a plurality of the electric wires are aligned or stacked, whereby the electric wires can be assembled densely.
Furthermore, when the cross-section of the flat portion is a rectangular shape, useless spaces between the electric wires are especially reduced when aligning or stacking a plurality of the electric wires, achieving the remarkably excellent space-saving property.
When the electric wire conductor contains the flat portion and the low-flatness portion having a flatness lower than the flat portion that are disposed continuously in the axial direction, the portions with the different flatness may be disposed in one electric wire conductor, whereby the conductor has the properties of the both portions simultaneously without a process such as joining. For example, arranging the flat portion in a center part of the electric wire conductor, and arranging the low-flatness portions having a substantially circular cross-section on both ends of the flat portion can achieve both the space-saving property at the center part and convenience in attaching members such as terminals to the end parts of the electric wire conductor.
When the number of elemental wires contained in the wire strand is 50 or more, the wire strand can be effectively formed into a flat cross-section without drastically deforming each elemental wire by utilizing a change in the relative arrangement of the elemental wires, while leaving large vacancies between the elemental wires. Thus, the electric wire conductor effectively achieves both the space-saving property and the flexibility.
When the wire strand is made of copper or a copper alloy and has a conductor cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 or more, or made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has a conductor cross-sectional area of 130 mm2 or more, the space-saving property and flexibility achieved by the flat cross-sectional shape are particularly effective. For the electric wire conductor having a large cross-sectional area of 100 mm2 or more, or 130 mm2 or more, if the cross-section is substantially circular, a large space is required for routing due to largeness of the diameter and an opposing force against bending becomes large. However, when the cross-section is made flat, the electric wire conductor having such a large cross-sectional area can achieve the space-saving property as well as the high flexibility especially for the bending in the height direction.
In addition, in the flat portion of the electric wire conductor, when the wire strand is pressed from the first direction and the second direction opposing to each other, and from the third direction and the fourth direction opposing to each other and intersecting the first direction and the second direction, the electric wire conductor can be effectively formed to have a substantially quadrangle cross-section, thus achieving the excellent space-saving property.
Since the covered electric wire according to the present invention contains the electric wire conductor as described above, the covered electric wire has both flexibility resulting from the electric wire conductor being a wire strand and space-saving property resulting from the electric wire conductor having a flat shape. Therefore, in the case where the plurality of the covered electric wires are aligned or stacked when routed, the routing can be carried out with high degree of freedom while saving the space.
As the wiring harness according to the present invention contains the covered electric wire containing the flat electric wire conductor as described above, it has excellent flexibility and space-saving property, and thus can be suitably used as a wiring material in a limited space such as an automobile.
Here, when the wiring harness contains a plurality of the covered electric wires as described above, and the plurality of the covered electric wire are aligned along at least one of the width direction of the electric wire conductor and the height direction intersecting the width direction, the wiring harness can be formed while reducing the spaces between the plurality of the covered electric wires, thus having the remarkably high space-saving property.
In this case, when the wiring harness contains at least one of the heat dissipation sheets interposed between the plurality of the covered electric wires and the heat dissipation sheet commonly contacting the plurality of the covered electric wires, even when the plurality of the covered electric wires are densely arranged to be close to each other utilizing the space-saving property resulting from the flat shape, the influence of heat generated upon application of an electric current can be suppressed.
Further, when the plurality of the covered electric wires are arranged at least along the height direction, the covered electric wires can be effectively routed in a variety of small spaces such as a thin space by utilizing the arrangement of the covered electric wires in the height direction.
In this case, when the interposing sheets made of the heat dissipation material are disposed between the plurality of the covered electric wires aligned along the height direction, and the connection member made of the heat dissipation material is disposed to mutually connect the plurality of the interposing sheets, the following effect is obtained: the interposing sheets disposed between the covered electric wires effectively promotes heat dissipation though outward dissipation of the heat generated upon application of a current tends to be difficult in a case where a plurality of the covered electric wires are arranged closely making their flat wide surfaces to oppose one another.
When the wiring harness is disposed along the outer periphery of a columnar member, or the wiring harness is housed in the hollow part of a hollow tubular member having an opening along the longitudinal direction, the columnar member or the tubular member can be used for supporting the wiring harness, whereby the routing space of the wiring harness is effectively reduced.
Further, when the wiring harness is disposed under the floor of an automobile to constitute the power-supply trunk line, compared with a conventional power-supply trunk line using a copper plate, the productivity can be enhanced and the fatigue fracture due to the engine vibration, for example, can be suppressed.
When the wiring harness constitutes the ceiling or the floor of an automobile, the space in the automobile can be further effectively used to provide a wiring route, and the high heat dissipation performance can be achieved also in the case of applying a large electric current. Further, a ceiling surface or a floor surface of any shape can be formed in accordance with the arrangement of the covered electric wires.
In these cases, the wiring harness may contain the plurality of covered electric wires as described above which are aligned at least along the width direction of the electric wire conductor, have uniform length in the height direction intersecting the width direction, and are disposed between the interior member and the sound absorbing member of the automobile so as to dispose the width direction along the surfaces of the interior member and the sound absorbing member. In this case, the space between the interior member and the sound absorbing member can be effectively used for routing the wiring harness while the distance between the interior member and the sound absorbing member is kept small. Further, since the height of the plurality of covered electric wires is uniform, the irregular structure of the covered electric wire hardly influences a surface shape of the interior member or a sound absorbing property of the sound absorbing member.
Further, when the wiring harness contains the first covered electric wire and the second covered electric wire, in which the first covered electric wire is the above described covered electric wire having the electric wire conductor made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the second covered electric wire has the electric wire conductor made of copper or a copper alloy having a lower flatness and a smaller conductor cross-sectional area than the electric wire conductor of the first covered electric wire, the space occupied by the first covered electric wire, which tends to have a large area because of the low electrical conductivity of aluminum and the aluminum alloy, can be reduced, and simultaneously, characteristics of the second covered electric wire brought about by the copper or copper alloy such as the high electrical conductivity in the second covered electric wire can be used.
In this case, when the conductor cross-sectional area of the second covered electric wire is 0.13 mm2 or smaller, the entire wiring harness can effectively have a high space-saving property.
Hereinafter, detailed descriptions of an electric wire conductor, a covered electric wire, and a wiring harness according to one embodiment of the present invention will be provided with reference to
[Electric Wire Conductor]
The electric wire conductor 10 is configured as a wire strand containing a plurality of elemental wires 1 twisted together. Further, at least a part of the electric wire conductor 10 along the axial direction has a flat outer shape. In other words, the electric wire conductor 10 has a flat portion where a cross-section perpendicularly intersecting the axial direction of the electric wire conductor 10 is flat. In the present embodiment, the entire electric wire conductor 10 along the axial direction is formed as the flat portion.
Here, the concept that “the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 is flat” describes a state where a width W, which is a length of the longest line among lines that pass through the cross-section in parallel to edges constituting the cross-section and encompass the entire cross-section, is larger than a height H, which is a length of a line perpendicular to the above-mentioned longest line and encompass the entire cross-section. In the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment shown in
While the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 may have any specific shape as long as it is flat, the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 in the present embodiment has opposing edges 11 and 12 that are parallel to each other along a direction of width W (width direction x) of the flat shape. In other words, two parallel lines 11 and 12 can be drawn in the width direction x, so as to circumscribe the outer elemental wires 1 forming the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10. In the present description, concerning the shape of the electric wire conductor 10, concepts for describing relationships among lines and surfaces such as parallel and vertical may include a deviation with reference to the concepts in geometry such as a deviation at an angle of approximately plus or minus 15 degrees, or an R shape where each corner is rounded. In addition, concepts of edges, straight lines, plain surfaces, or the like may include a curved line or a curved surface with a deviation at an angle of approximately plus or minus 15 degrees from a geometric straight line or a plain surface.
In the present embodiment, the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 has a rectangular shape. In the Figures, the number of elemental wires 1 contained in the electric wire conductor 10 is reduced for easier understanding.
As the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment has a flat cross-section, when it is routed in a form of the covered electric wire, for example, a space necessary for routing may be made smaller than a case of routing an electric wire having a substantially circular cross-section of the same conductor cross-sectional area as the electric wire conductor. In other words, spaces around an electric wire in which other electric wires or other members are not allowed to be disposed can be reduced. In particular, a space occupied by the electric wire in a height direction y can be made smaller. Thus, the electric wire effectively achieves a space-saving property. Consequently, other electric wires or other members can be sufficiently disposed in a space vertically provided in the height direction (±y direction) outside of the electric wire. For example, in the case of routing the electric wire along a surface for routing, when a flat surface of the electric wire, that is, a surface parallel to the width direction x is arranged along the surface for routing, it is possible to effectively provide a space above the electric wire (in a direction opposing to the surface for routing, having the electric wire therebetween). Further, in a case where a conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10 is desired to be large, the space-saving property in the height direction y can be maintained by making the width W large while keeping the height H small.
In particular, the electric wire conductor 10 having opposing edges 11 and 12 parallel to the width direction x in its cross-section can provide a large space vertically in the height direction (±y direction) outside the routed electric wire, whereby an excellent space-saving property is achieved. Especially, in the case of assembling a plurality of electric wires by stacking one electric wire on another electric wire, spaces between the plurality of electric wires along the height direction y can be reduced. Here, the concept of “assembling a plurality of electric wires” includes both of a configuration where a plurality of electric wires are integrally bundled with an insulation material, for example, and a configuration where a plurality of independent electric wires are closely disposed.
Furthermore, the electric wire conductor 10 having a rectangular cross-section can provide a large space vertically (±y direction) and laterally (±x direction), whereby the space-saving property is further improved. Especially, in the case of assembling the plurality of electric wires with stacking one electric wire on another electric wire, or with aligning one electric wire laterally to another electric wire, spaces between the plurality of electric wires along the height direction y and the width direction x can be reduced.
As described above, the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment contains the wire strand containing a plurality of elemental wires 1 twisted together, and the wire strand has a flat outer shape. Therefore, the electric wire conductor 10 has excellent flexibility in each direction. Patent Literature 1 discloses a rectangular conductor that has flexibility in the height direction to a certain degree, but shows low flexibility in the width direction and is too rigid to bend easily in the width direction. In contrast, the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment including the wire strand has the excellent flexibility and easily bends in the width direction x as well as the height direction y.
Thus, the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment can achieve both the flexibility, which provides freedom in routing, and the space-saving property. In an automobile, for example, due to recent high functionalization, the number of electric wires and components to be disposed is increasing. Also, a larger electric current is demanded for vehicles such as electric vehicles, which results in enlargement of a diameter of the electric wire, whereby a space for routing individual electric wires has been reduced. However, the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment can effectively use a small space when routed because of the space-saving property and the excellent flexibility. In the case of assembling a great number of electric wires, or using an electric wire having a large conductor cross-sectional area, this advantage is especially enhanced.
In the above-described embodiment, the electric wire conductor 10 has a rectangular cross-section. However, as described above, the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 may be of any shape as long as it is flat.
Further, the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment has a vacancy ratio of 17% or higher at the cross-section of the flat portion. The vacancy ratio at the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 is defined as, within the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 perpendicularly intersecting the axial direction, a proportion of an area of vacancy not occupied by the elemental wires 1 to an entire area of the whole electric wire conductor 10, that is, an area of a region surrounded by the outline of the entire electric wire conductor 10.
As described above, the electric wire conductor 10 has high flexibility both in the height direction y and the width direction x because of its flat shape, and it can easily bend. By having sufficient vacancy such as the ratio of 17% or higher in the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, the elemental wires 1 can move in the electric wire conductor 10 using the vacancy when the electric wire conductor 10 bends along the height direction y or the width direction x, so that the electric wire conductor 10 can bend more easily. Thus, the flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10 is improved. For the purpose of further improving the flexibility, the vacancy ratio is preferably 20% or higher, and more preferably 25% or higher.
An upper limit of the vacancy is not specifically determined; however, from the viewpoint of effectively forming the electric wire conductor 10 into a flat shape by pressing, and effectively keeping the formed flat shape, the vacancy ratio is preferably 40% or lower, and more preferably 35% or lower.
In the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, small vacancies are provided in a region between each of the elemental wires 1. The vacancy ratio as defined above is a ratio of the area of these small vacancies in total with respect to the cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10. When the total area of these small vacancies is equal to or more than the predetermined proportion in the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, the flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10 is improved. In addition, sizes of the respective vacancies in the region between each of the elemental wires 1 also contributes improvement in flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10. In other words, a state where vacancies of a certain size are provided in the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 as a continuous region can improve the flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10 more effectively than a state where minute vacancies are evenly spread over the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10. Specifically, the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 preferably contains a continuous vacancy such that two or more, preferably three or more of the elemental wires 1 can be accommodated therein. This is because the elemental wires 1 moving into such a large vacancy enables flexible bending of the electric wire. Here, an elemental wire 1 used for judging whether the certain vacancy is capable of accommodating the elemental wire may be an elemental wire 1 surrounding the vacancy, or an elemental wire having a circular cross-section with the same cross-sectional area as that of any elemental wire 1 forming the electric wire conductor 10. For example, in
For evaluation of the cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10 and the area of the vacancy, the electric wire conductor 10 or the covered electric wire 20 having the insulator 21 on the outer periphery the electric wire conductor 10 may be subjected to processes such as cutting and polishing to obtain a cross-section, and then, such a cross-section is photographed for measurement. In the preparation of the cross-section, the electric wire conductor 10 and the covered electric wire 20 may be embedded in transparent resin for example prior to the operation including cutting as appropriate, to prevent a change in the shape or the area of the vacancies due to the operation including cutting. Further, the area of the electric wire conductor 10 and the area of the vacancy may be evaluated for the entire cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, or alternatively, in order to eliminate influence of the irregular structure in an outermost periphery of the electric wire conductor 10, the areas of the electric wire conductor 10 and the vacancies may be evaluated for an inner region where the outermost periphery of the electric wire conductor 10 is excluded, instead of evaluating the whole cross-section if the elemental wires 1 are sufficient in number such as equals to or more than 50.
For the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of each elemental wire 1 constituting the electric wire conductor 10 may be of any shape as long as the outer shape of the entire electric wire conductor 10 is flat. A conventional electric wire having a substantially circular cross-section may be employed as the elemental wire 1 in the present embodiment. However, at least a part of the plurality of elemental wires 1 may have cross-sections of shapes deviated from a circle, such as flat shapes. As will be described later, when a raw wire strand 10′ is pressed into a flat shape, at least a part of the elemental wires 1 may be deformed into flat shapes, depending on, for example, the material constituting the elemental wires 1.
For the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment, in the cross-section perpendicularly intersecting the axial direction, deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 are lower at a peripheral part facing the outer periphery of the electric wire conductor 10 than at a center part which is located inside of the peripheral part.
Here, the deformation ratio of an elemental wire 1 is an index showing a degree of deviation from a circle for a cross-section of a certain elemental wire 1. For an elemental wire 1 actually contained in the electric wire conductor 10, a longest diameter A is defined as a length of the longest line laterally crossing the cross-section, and a diameter R is defined as a diameter of a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area of the elemental wire 1. Then, a deformation ratio D of the elemental wire 1 is represented as follows:
D=(A−R)/R×100% Formula (1)
The diameter R may be obtained by measuring a cross-sectional area of the elemental wire 1, or alternatively, if a diameter of the elemental wire 1 before deformed such as as by pressing is known, or if a portion in which the elemental wires 1 are not deformed (corresponding to a low-flatness portion as will be described later) is also included in the same electric wire conductor 10, a diameter of the elemental wire 1 which is not deformed may be used as the diameter R. Further, only elemental wires 1 disposed on the outermost periphery of the electric wire conductor 10 may be employed as the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part, and only elemental wires 1 disposed in the center of the electric wire conductor 10 may be employed as the elemental wires 1 in the center part; however, from the viewpoint of reducing influence of variation in deformation of the elemental wires 1, the deformation ratio D is preferably obtained as an average value of a plurality of elemental wires 1 included in a region having a certain area. For example, regions surrounded by a rectangle with edges in a length of approximately 10 to 30% of the width W of the electric wire conductor 10, or regions surrounded by a circle having a diameter of approximately 10 to 30% of the width W may be employed including the outermost periphery or the center of the electric wire conductor 10, and such regions may be defined as the peripheral part and the center part, respectively.
The cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment having a flat shape can be formed more efficiently if the elemental wires 1 located in the upper and lower direction (±y direction) of the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor 10 are deformed into flat shapes than in the case where the elemental wires 1 located in the center part are deformed. However, if the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part are intensively deformed, loads are concentrated on these elemental wires 1, whereby physical properties of the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor 10 become significantly different from those of the inner region. Further, since the shape of the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part, especially in the outermost periphery defines the outer shape of the entire electric wire conductor 10, drastic deformation of such elemental wires 1 possibly causes an unnecessary irregular structure to be formed on the outer surface of the electric wire conductor 10. Such an irregular structure includes a sharp protrusion (i.e., burr) that may possibly be formed during processing of the raw wire strand 10′ into a flat shape. The burr tends to be formed especially on end parts of the electric wire conductor 10 in the width direction (±x direction).
Meanwhile, in the electric wire conductor 10, making the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 at the peripheral part smaller than the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 at the center part can prevent concentration of the loads for deformation to the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part and the formation of the unnecessary irregular structure on the outer periphery of the electric wire conductor 10. As described above, since the vacancy ratio of 17% or higher is ensured in the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment, and the elemental wires 1 may be arranged in various relative locations because of presence of the vacancies between the elemental wires 1, the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 can be formed into a desired flat shape depending on the relative arrangement of the elemental wires 1, without drastic deformation of the shapes of each elemental wires 1.
From the viewpoint of effectively preventing the concentration of the loads for deformation to the elemental wires 1 at the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor 10 and the formation of the unnecessary irregular structure on the surface of the electric wire conductor 10, a ratio of the deformation ratio of elemental wire 1 at the peripheral part to the deformation ratio of elemental wire 1 at the center part (i.e., peripheral deformation ratio; deformation ratio at the peripheral part/deformation ratio at the center part×100%) is preferably 70% or lower, more preferably 50% or lower, and still more preferably 25% or lower. In addition, a value of the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 at the peripheral part is preferably 10% or lower, and more preferably 5% or lower. It is preferable that the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 at the peripheral part is as small as possible, and the lower limit of the deformation ratio is not particularly specified.
The deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 in the center part is not specifically limited; however, from the viewpoint of preventing application of loads to the elemental wire 1 due to excessive deformation, the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 in the center part is preferably 50% or lower, and more preferably 30% or lower. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of effectively forming the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 to have the flat shape while suppressing the deformation of the elemental wire 1 in the peripheral part, the deformation ratio at the center part is preferably 10% or higher, and more preferably 20% or higher.
When the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 contains opposing edges 11 and 12 parallel to the width direction x, especially, when the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 has a rectangular shape, it is preferable that the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 at end parts in the width direction of the cross-section, that is, at both end parts of the parallel opposing edges 11 and 12 are kept particularly low. This is because, when the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 is formed into such a shape, in order to form the parallel opposing edges 11 and 12 along the width direction x, and to form a corner structure of an approximately right angle, the deformation ratio at the end parts in the width direction tends to be high. Further, processes for formation of the electric wire conductor 10 such as compression of the raw wire strand 10′ possibly causes sharp burrs in the end parts. From the viewpoint of preventing those phenomena, in the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 particularly at the end parts in the peripheral part are preferably 70% or lower, more preferably 50% or lower, and still more preferably 25% or lower of the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 at the center part. In addition, a value of the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 at the end parts is preferably 10% or lower, more preferably 5% or lower. Further, when the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 are compared within the peripheral part between the end parts and the side parts, it is preferable that the deformation ratio at the end parts is lower than the deformation ratio at the side parts, where the side parts mean intermediate parts of the opposing edges 11 and 12 along the width x direction excepting the end parts. In other words, the deformation ratios are preferably in the following order, from the lowest: the end part, the side part, and the center part.
In the electric wire conductor 10, as the number of the elemental wire 1 is increased, it becomes easier to form the cross-section into a flat shape while keeping the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 at the peripheral part lower than those at the center part and maintaining the high vacancy ratio such as 17% or higher. For example, when the number of the element wire 1 is 50 or more, the condition as above can be sufficiently achieved owing to variation in relative arrangements of the elemental wires 1. On the other hand, when the number of the elemental wire 1 is less than 50, it is still preferable to ensure the vacancy ratio of 17% or higher for the purpose of obtaining the sufficient flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10, even if the elemental wires 1 in the peripheral part are deformed at a deformation ratio equivalent to or higher than the elemental wires 1 in the center part.
The elemental wires 1 constituting the electric wire conductor 10 may be made of any conductive material such as a metal material. Examples of typical material constituting the elemental wire 1 may contain copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy. These metal materials are suitable for the electric wire conductor 10 according to the present embodiment in that processes of forming the wire strand and pressing into a flat shape are easy to be carried out, and the flat shape is easy to be maintained. As the elemental wires 1 constituting the electric wire conductor 10, the elemental wires all made of the same material may be used, or a multiple kinds of elemental wires made of different materials may be mixed.
The conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10 may be appropriately selected according to a desired electrical conductivity, for example. However, the larger the conductor cross-sectional area is, the easier it becomes to form the flat shape by processes such as pressing, and the flat shape once formed can be firmly maintained. From such a viewpoint, preferable conductor cross-sectional area is, for example, 16 mm2 or more when the elemental wires 1 constituting the electric wire conductor 10 are made of copper or a copper alloy, and 40 mm2 or more when the elemental wires 1 are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Further, in a case where the conductor cross-sectional area is as large as 100 mm2 or more, if the electric wire conductor has a substantially circular cross-section, a diameter of the circular cross-section becomes large so that a large space is required for routing, and an opposing force incurred upon bending becomes large, whereby it becomes difficult to ensure the flexibility sufficient for routing. In contrast, the electric wire conductor 10 having the flat cross-section enables the height H to be kept smaller than in the case of the electric wire conductor having the substantially circular cross-section with the same conductor cross-sectional area. Thus, a space in the height direction y occupied by the electric wire conductor 10 is reduced, the opposing force generated upon bending along the height direction y becomes smaller, whereby the flexibility required for routing is efficiently achieved. Also, by forming the cross-sectional shape of the electric wire conductor 10 with a large conductor cross-sectional area into flat, a heat dissipation performance of the electric wire conductor 10 is enhanced. From the viewpoint of effectively utilizing these advantages such as ensuring the flexibility, the conductor cross-sectional area is preferably 100 mm2 or larger when the electric wire conductor 10 is made of copper or a copper alloy. The conductor cross-sectional area is preferably 130 mm2 or larger when the electric wire conductor 10 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The electric wire conductor 10 having such a large conductor cross-sectional area is anticipated for application to a power supply wire for an electric vehicle of high output, for example. Since the power supply wires are required to be routed in a limited space in the vehicle, the space-saving property and flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10 having a flat cross-section are advantageous. In particular, from the viewpoint of reducing vehicle weight, it is effective to form the electric wire conductor 10 having a large conductor cross-sectional area from aluminum or an aluminum alloy; however, since aluminum and an aluminum alloy have a lower electrical conductivity than copper and a copper alloy, the electric wire conductor 10 having a particularly large conductor cross-sectional area such as 130 mm2 or more is needed for obtaining the required electrical conductivity.
Furthermore, preferable outer diameter of each elemental wire 1 contained in the electric wire conductor 10 is 0.3 to 1.0 mm, for example. The number of elemental wires 1 contained in the electric wire conductor 10 is determined depending on the conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10 and the outer diameter of the elemental wires 1 to be used. Meanwhile, as the number of elemental wires 1 is increased, the elemental wires 1 may be disposed in more various relative positions, which makes it easier to form the electric wire conductor 10 to have the flat cross-section while ensuring the high vacancy ratio of 17% or higher, and further keeping the deformation ratio of the elemental wires 1 at the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor 10 low. From this viewpoint, the number of elemental wires 1 is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 100 or more, and still more preferably 500 or more.
For the cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10, an aspect ratio (H:W) of the flat shape may be appropriately selected in consideration of a desired space-saving property, for example. The range of 1:2 to 1:8 may be provided as an example of the aspect ratio. Within this range, the wire strand can be effectively formed into the flat shape while obtaining the high space-saving property. Further, in a case where the electric wire conductor 10 is used for wiring in an automobile, for example, a configuration in which a height H is 3 mm or smaller may be provided as a preferable example.
As will be described later, when a raw wire strand 10′ formed of a conventional wire strand having a substantially circular cross-section is subjected to pressing to form the electric wire conductor 10 having a flat cross-section, vacancies between the elemental wires 1 tend to be smaller as the rolling process proceeds. Especially, the higher the aspect ratio of the flat cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 is (the width W is larger in comparison with the height H), the lower the vacancy ratio tends to be. However, when the vacancy ratio of 17% or higher as described above is ensured in the case where the aspect ratio (H:W) is 1:3 or higher, that is, the width W of the electric wire conductor 10 is three times or more larger than the height H, for example, the electric wire conductor 10 can effectively achieve both the high space-saving property and the flexibility.
Further, by forming the electric wire conductor 10 to have a flat cross-section, a surface area becomes large compared with the substantially circular cross-section, which enhances the heat dissipation performance of the electric wire conductor 10. As a result, when a same amount of electrical current is applied, a temperature rise of the electric wire conductor 10 having a flat cross-section is smaller than in the case where the conductor has a circular cross-section. In other words, when an upper limit of temperature rise is determined, a same amount of electrical current can be applied to the electric wire conductor 10 having a flat cross-section with a conductor cross-sectional area smaller than that having a substantially circular cross-section, while suppressing the temperature rise within a range below the upper limit. As the aspect ratio of the electric wire conductor 10 is increased, an effect of improving the heat dissipation performance is enhanced. For example, as will be described in Examples below, when the aspect ratio is 1:3 or higher, even if the conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor 10 having a flat cross-section is 90% of that of the electric wire conductor 10 having an approximately circular cross-section, the temperature rise can be suppressed to the same degree. Further, the aspect ratio is preferably 1:5 or higher.
Hereinbefore, the embodiment has been described in which the entire region of the electric wire conductor 10 in the axial direction consists of the flat portion having a flat cross-section. However, the flat portion may constitute apart of the entire region in the axial direction of the electric wire conductor 10. That is to say, the flat portion and a low-flatness portion having a flatness (i.e., a ratio of W to H) lower than the flat portion may be arranged adjacent to each other along the axial direction of the electric wire conductor 10, for example. The flat portion and the low-flatness portion consist of common elemental wires 1 integrally continuous therethrough, and have different cross-sectional shapes. The low-flatness portion has a cross-section approximately circular having a flatness of substantially one. By disposing the flat portion and the low-flatness portion continuously in one electric wire conductor 10, the electric wire conductor 10 can obtain both properties provided by the flat portion and the low-flatness portion without process such as joining.
At the low-flatness portion, since the flatness of the electric wire conductor 10 obtained through process such as pressing is small, it is preferable that the deformation ratio of the elemental wire 1 is smaller than that in the flat portion, accordingly. In particular, in the low-flatness portion having a substantially circular cross-section with the flatness of substantially one, it is preferable that the elemental wires 1 also have substantially circular cross-sections.
The flat portion and the low-flatness portion may be disposed along the axial direction of the electric wire conductor 10 in any order. However, a configuration in which the flat portion is disposed in the center part of the axial direction and the low-flatness portions having a substantially circular cross-section are disposed on both ends thereof can be presented as a preferred example. In this case, the flat portion can be used for routing in a limited space, and simultaneously other members such as terminals are attached to both ends of the low-flatness portions. Thus, it is possible to utilize both the space-saving property and the flexibility of the flat portion, as well as convenience of attaching the other members to the low-flatness portions having a circular or substantially circular cross-section. Further, in the flat portion, a plurality of portions with different flatness may be disposed adjacent to each other.
[Production Method of Electric Wire Conductor]
As shown in
Further, in addition to the forces F1 and F2 applied from the first direction and the second direction, forces F3 and F4 are applied to the raw wire strand 10′ from a third direction and a forth direction opposing one another and intersecting the first and second directions, so as to effectively form electric wire conductor 10 to have a quadrangular cross-section. Especially, by applying the forces F3 and F4 from directions perpendicular to the forces F1 and F2, the electric wire conductor 10 is effectively formed to have a rectangular cross-section. In this case, by making the forces F1 and F2 larger than the forces F3 and F4, the electric wire conductor 10 with a high flatness (i.e., the ratio of W to H is large) can be obtained. Further, the forces F1 and F2, and the forces F3 and F4 may be applied simultaneously; however, by applying the forces F1 and F2 first, and then applying the forces F1′ and F2′ from the same directions as the forces F1 and F2 simultaneously with the forces F3 and F4, the electric wire conductor 10 with the high flatness can be obtained, in which the cross-section is firmly formed into a quadrangular shape (especially, a rectangular shape). In the case of changing the flatness along the axial direction of the electric wire conductor 10, the applied forces may be changed during the pressing along the axial direction.
The forces may be applied to the raw wire strand 10′, for example, by passing the raw wire strand 10′ between the rollers disposed opposing to each other. The raw wire strand 10′ is pressed with the rollers while extruded along a rolling direction of the rollers, whereby it is possible to sufficiently deform the outer shape of the entire raw wire strand 10′ into a flat shape without applying a heavy load to the raw wire strand 10′, compared with drawing where a die is used to compress the raw wire strand 10′ or pressing where a press machine is used to compress the raw wire strand 10′. Further, it is easier to apply a load evenly over the entire raw wire strand 10′ without concentrating a high load to a peripheral part of the raw wire strand 10′ in contact with the rollers. As a result, by using the rollers for the pressing of the raw wire strand 10′, vacancies between the elemental wires 1 can be sufficiently ensured in the flat cross-section of the electric wire conductor 10 thus obtained, compared with a case where a die or a pressing machine is used. Further, the deformation ratio of each of the elemental wires 1 including the elemental wire 1 located in the peripheral part of the electric wire conductor 10 can be kept low. The vacancy ratio and the deformation ratio of each of the elemental wires 1 may be adjusted by changing the magnitude of applying forces for the pressing (F1, F2, F3, F4, F1′, and F2′) and a shape of a part of the roller contacting the raw wire strand 10′.
By using the rollers, the raw wire strand 10′ as a whole can be formed into a flat shape while the deformation ratios of the elemental wires 1 are suppressed, whereby change in physical properties of the produced electrical wire conductor 10 due to the deformation of the elemental wires 1 can be suppressed. Thus, in many cases, a process such as heat treatment for eliminating influence of processing distortion or work hardening is not particularly required for the electric wire conductor 10 after the rolling.
[Covered Electric Wire]
As described above, a covered electric wire 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention contains the electric wire conductor 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention as described above, and the insulator 21 which covers the outer periphery of the electric wire conductor 10 (see
An outer shape of the entire covered electric wire 20 including the insulator 21 reflects the outer shape of the electric wire conductor 10. As the electric wire conductor 10 has a flat shape, the covered electric wire 20 also has a flat shape. Further, as the electric wire conductor 10 has high flexibility in each direction, the covered electric wire 20 also has high flexibility in each direction.
A material of the insulator 21 is not specifically limited, and a variety of polymer materials may be used to form the insulator 21. Further, the polymer material may contain fillers or additives as appropriate. However, it is preferable to select the material for the insulator 21 and a thickness thereof such that the flexibility of the insulator 21 is higher than the flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10, so as not to deteriorate the excellent flexibility of the electric wire conductor 10. In addition, it is preferable to select the thickness of the insulator 21 such that the flat shape of the electric wire conductor 10 is sufficiently reflected to the shape of the entire covered electric wire 20 so that the entire covered electric wire 20 has a flat cross-section.
The insulator 21 may cover a whole periphery of the electric wire conductor 10. In this case, the insulator 21 can be provided by extruding the polymer material for the insulator 21 on the whole periphery of the electric wire conductor 10. Alternatively, sheet-shaped insulators 21 may sandwich the electric wire conductor 10 from the top and the bottom in the height direction (±y direction) of the electric wire conductor 10. In this case, the polymer material formed into two sheets are disposed at the top and bottom of the electric wire conductor 10 and may be adjoined each other by fusing or adhesion, for example, as appropriate.
The covered electric wire 20 may be used in a form of a single wire in which the outer periphery of one electric wire conductor 10 is covered with the insulator 21, or may be used in a form of a wiring harness in which a plurality of covered electric wires are assembled and integrally bundled with a covering material, for example, as necessary. Hereinafter, examples of the wiring harness containing the covered electric wires 20 will be described.
[Wiring Harness]
A wiring harness according to one embodiment of the present invention contains a plurality of covered electric wires being assembled, in which at least a part of the plurality of covered electric wires are the covered electric wires 20 according to the embodiment of the present invention containing the above-mentioned flat electric wire conductors 10. The wiring harness may contain only the covered electric wires 20 containing the above-mentioned flat electric wire conductors 10, or may contain such covered electric wires 20 together with different kinds of covered electric wires such as a covered electric wire containing a conventional electric wire conductor having a substantially circular cross-section. Further, in a case where the wiring harness contains a plurality of covered electric wires 20 containing the flat electric wire conductors 10, features such as a material, shape, and size of the electric wire conductor 10 and the insulator 21 constituting the plurality of the covered electric wires 20 may be of the same or may be different from each other. The plurality of covered electric wire contained in the wiring harness may be integrally bundled with an insulation material, for example, as necessary.
In the case of constructing a wiring harness with the plurality of covered electric wires 20 containing the flat electric wire conductors 10, the plurality of covered electric wires 20 may be disposed in any positional relationship. For example, the covered electric wires 20 may be aligned side by side in the width direction x (the lateral direction) of the flat electric wire conductor 10 as shown in
In particular, in the case of disposing the plurality of covered electric wires 20 side by side in the width direction x of the flat electric wire conductor 10, the space-saving property along the height direction y resulting from the flat shape of the electric wire conductors 10 may be effectively used in formation and routing of the wiring harness. The space-saving property can be effectively used, for example, when the wiring harness is routed in a space of a limited height, or when other member is disposed above or below the wiring harness.
Further, the heat dissipation performance of each of the covered electric wires 20 can be effectively achieved.
On the other hand, in the case where the plurality of covered electric wires 20 are arranged in the height direction y of the flat electric wire conductor 10, that is, stacked in multiple layers along the height direction y, the wiring harness can be constructed and routed while keeping a size in the width direction x of the entire wiring harness small even when a size in the width direction x (the width W) of the electric wire conductor 10 is large due to its flat shape. As a result, a space such as a long and thin space in the height direction can be utilized for routing.
In the wiring harness, disposing a heat dissipation sheet in contact with each of the aligned covered electric wires 20 makes it possible to ensure the heat dissipation performance of each of the covered electric wires 20, even when a great number of the covered electric wires 20 are aligned closely to one another by utilizing the flat shape. Here, the heat dissipation sheet is a sheet-shaped (including plate-shaped) member consisting of a heat dissipation material having a heat dissipation performance higher than the covered electric wire 20. Examples of the heat dissipation sheet may include a sheet or a plate made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. For example, the heat dissipation sheet may be disposed between the plurality of covered electric wires 20 constituting the wiring harness, or disposed commonly contacting the plurality of covered electric wires 20.
As shown in
As shown in
Further, the plurality of interposing sheets 32 disposed between the respective covered electric wires 20 are preferably connected with one another by a connection member 33 made of a heat dissipation material. The connection member 33 enhances the heat dissipation performance of each of the covered electric wires 20, compared with the case where only the interposing sheets 32 are disposed. The connection member 33 may be disposed as a member specialized in heat dissipation of the covered electric wires 20 via the interposing sheets 32, or a member which is disposed for another purpose. For example, a columnar member constituting an automobile body may be used as the connection member 33 so that the member may serve as a structure material for the automobile body, as the connection member 33 which helps the heat dissipation of the covered electric wires 20 via the interposing sheets 32, and further as a support member for supporting the wiring harness containing the plurality of covered electric wires 20.
As will be described in the Examples below, when the heat dissipation sheet 31 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is disposed in contact with the flat surface of the covered electric wire 20 along the width direction x as shown in
As described above, when the wiring harness including the covered electric wires 20 having the flat electric wire conductor 10 is used, for example, as a wiring material for an automobile, it is possible to effectively utilize the excellent space-saving property. Routing such a wiring harness along a member such as floor and a frame of a vehicle makes it possible to effectively utilize a limited space under the floor or around the frame for routing. Meanwhile, when the wiring harness is disposed such that the width direction x of the electric wire conductor 10 is approximately parallel to the surface of a floor or a frame member, more excellent space-saving property can be achieved.
A conventional wiring harness contains covered electric wires having a substantially circular cross-section bundled together, thus the entire wiring harness tends to be bulky. In order to produce a space for routing in an automobile, a residential space (a space where a passenger can stay) is often reduced. However, as described above, when the wiring harness containing the covered electric wires 20 containing the flat electric wire conductor 10 is used to keep the space necessary for routing the wiring harness small, a large residential space can be provided.
The wiring harness according to the present embodiment may be used in an automobile as a wiring material for any purpose; and for example, it may be used as a power-supply trunk line to be disposed under a floor. A conventional power-supply trunk line for an automobile has been made of a material which contains an insulation sheet and copper plates disposed side by side; however, continuously forming a large copper plate is difficult and results in a low productivity. In addition, since the material contains a continuous metal body, fatigue fracture of the material possibly occurs due to influence of engine vibration of the automobile, for example. In contrast, when the wiring harness according to the present embodiment constitutes a power-supply trunk wire, each of the process of forming the elemental wire 1 constituting the electric wire conductor 10, twisting the elemental wires 1, and forming the raw wire strand 10′ obtained through twisting of the elemental wires 1 into a flat shape can be continuously performed for every portion of a continuous material, thus achieving a high productivity. Further, as the electric wire conductor 10 contains thin elemental wires 1, the entire electric wire conductor 10 has a high durability against bending and vibration. Therefore, the fatigue fracture due to the engine vibration, for example, hardly occurs.
The wiring harness may not only be routed under the floor of the automobile, but also form a floor or a ceiling itself with the wiring harness according to the present embodiment, for example. In an automobile, the wiring harness needs to be routed so as not to interfere with components such as an engine; however, such a wiring route is limited. In particular, in an automobile requiring a large current such as a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle, an electric wire with a large conductor cross-sectional area is required to be routed, but a wiring route capable of arranging the wiring harness including such an electric wire with a large conductor cross-sectional area is limited. However, by constituting the floor or the ceiling with the wiring harness according to the present embodiment, the space can effectively provide the wiring route, and also a large residential space can be ensured, which leads to both the space-saving property and the requirement for application of a large electric current. Further, in a covered electric wire for a large electric current, an insulator easily deteriorates due to a heat generated by an electric wire conductor; however, arranging the wiring harness as the floor and the ceiling can effectively enhance heat dissipation performance. As a result, although an insulator 21 of low price with a comparatively low heat dissipation performance is used to configure the covered electric wire 20, deterioration of the insulator 21 hardly occurs. Furthermore, as the covered electric wire 20 containing the flat electric wire conductor 10 has the flat surface, the covered electric wires 20 may be disposed in various arrangements within a wiring harness, so that a combination of the flat surfaces enables the floor and the ceiling to have any surface shapes. When the wiring harness according to the present embodiment constitutes the floor or the ceiling, a covering material may be appropriately arranged on the outer side of the wiring harness so as not to directly expose the wiring harness to a ceiling surface and a floor surface.
Moreover, when the wiring harness according to the present embodiment is disposed on the ceiling and the floor of the automobile, the plurality of covered electric wires 20 forming the wiring harness are preferably of a uniform height H as shown in
As shown in
Moreover, the wiring harness according to the present embodiment may be routed in the automobile while using a variety of members constituting the automobile body as a supporting member. For example, as shown in
As described above, the wiring harness according to an embodiment of the present invention may contain the covered electric wires 20 containing the flat electric wire conductor 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention in combination with other kinds of covered electric wires. The covered electric wires 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention and other kinds of covered electric wires may have combination of specific features such as constituent material, shape, and size. Among them, examples may include a configuration using the covered electric wire conductor 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention (i.e., a first covered electric wire) containing the flat electric wire conductor 10 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy (i.e., aluminum material), and other kinds of covered electric wire (i.e., a second covered electric wire) containing an electric wire conductor made of copper or a copper alloy (i.e., copper material) having a substantially circular cross-section, for example, with the flatness lower than the electric wire conductor 10 of the first covered electric wire 20. In this case, it is preferable that a conductor cross-sectional area of the second covered electric wire is smaller than a conductor cross-sectional area of the first covered electric wire 20.
The aluminum material has come to be used as an electric wire conductive material for automobiles instead of the copper material for the purpose of reducing automobile weight; however, as described above, in the case where the aluminum material is used, the conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor tends to be larger than in the case where the copper material is used, because the aluminum material has a lower electrical conductivity as a material. Thus, if the electric wire conductor made of an aluminum material is used as a conventional conductor having a circular cross-section and contained in the wiring harness, a diameter of the electric wire conductor becomes large, which requires a large space for routing the wiring harness; however, the flat electric wire conductor 10 can reduce the space required for routing while ensuring the large conductor cross-sectional area. On the other hand, even the electric wire conductor made of the copper material is used, it does not significantly interfere the weight reduction of automobiles as long as it is a small diameter wire with a small conductor cross-sectional area. Also, it hardly enlarges space required for routing the wiring harness. Accordingly, using the first covered electric wire 20 including the flat electric wire conductor 10 made of the aluminum material in combination with the second covered electric wire including the electric wire conductor having a substantially circular cross-section made of the copper material with a smaller conductor cross-sectional area, excellent properties of the copper material such as a high electrical conductivity may be utilized as a property of a part of the wiring harness while ensuring the space-saving property. Suitable examples of the electric wire conductor constituting the second covered electric wire may include a copper alloy thin wire with a conductor cross-sectional area of 0.13 mm2 or smaller. Such a copper alloy thin wire may be suitably used as a signal wire. Forming the second covered electric wire into thin as described above makes it possible to effectively utilize the space-saving property brought about by the flat electric wire conductor 10 contained in the first covered electric wire 20.
Hereinafter, examples according to an embodiment of the present invention are explained. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited by these examples.
[State of Cross-Section of Electric Wire Conductor]
For a cross-section of an electric wire conductor formed into flat, state of vacancies and state of deformation of elemental wires were investigated.
(Test Method)
A raw wire strand having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape having a conductor cross-sectional area of 60 mm2 was prepared by twisting 741 aluminum alloy wires having an outer diameter of 0.32 mm.
The raw wire strand was subjected to pressing with rollers to prepare an electric wire conductor having a substantially rectangular cross-section. The pressing with the roller was carried out, as shown in
Each of Sample 1 and Sample 2 was embedded in an epoxy-based resin, and a cross-section intersecting an axial direction was polished to prepare a cross-sectional sample. Then, the obtained cross-sectional samples were photographed.
Photographic images of the cross-sections were subjected to image analysis to evaluate vacancy ratios. In the analysis, a cross-sectional area of the entire electric wire conductor (A0) was estimated from an area of a region inside an outline connecting outlines of elemental wires located at an outermost periphery of the electric wire conductor, and within the above-described region, an area of vacancies (A1) was estimated from an area of a region that was not occupied by the elemental wires. A vacancy ratio (A1/A0×100%) was calculated.
Further, by the image analysis, deformation ratios of the elemental wire were evaluated. For evaluation, the deformation ratios of the elemental wires were estimated in accordance with Formula (1) as provided above. As a diameter R, the outer diameter of 0.32 mm of the raw wire strand before compressed was employed. The deformation ratios of the elemental wires were estimated for elemental wires included in a peripheral part (end part) which is shown as square region R1, and for elemental wires included in a center part which is shown as square region R2 in
(Test Results)
Comparing the cross-sectional images of Sample 1 and Sample 2 in
These features observed in the photographic images were more obviously shown by the results of the image analysis in Table 1. First, the vacancy ratio in the cross-section of the electric wire conductor was 30% in Sample 1 and 16% in Sample 2. The value of Sample 1 was two times larger than that of Sample 2. In addition, in Sample 1, as pointed by an arrow in
Next, regarding the deformations ratio of the elemental wires, the deformation ratios at the center part of the electric conductor were the same in Sample 1 and Sample 2. However, the deformation ratios at the peripheral part were greatly different between Sample 1 and Sample 2. In Sample 1, the deformation ratio at the peripheral part was smaller than the deformation ratio at the center part, which was kept as low as 18% of the value at the center part. To the contrary, in Sample 2, the deformation ratio at the peripheral portion was the same as the deformation ratio at the center part.
According to the above results, it was confirmed that, suppressing the compression rate upon pressing of the raw wire strand makes it possible to obtain an electric wire conductor having a flat cross-section having a high vacancy ratio, with deformation ratios of the elemental wires at the peripheral part smaller than at the center part.
[Flexibility of Covered Electric Wire]
Influence of a cross-sectional shape of the electric wire conductor to flexibility of the covered electric wire was examined.
(Test Method)
An electric wire conductor having a substantially circular cross-section and an electric wire conductor having a flat cross-section both consisting of an aluminum alloy were prepared in the same manner as in the test “State of Cross-Section of Electric Wire Conductor” described above. Further, insulation covering were provided to prepare covered electric wires in the same manner as above. Cross-sectional areas of the electric wire conductors were 35 mm2 or 130 mm2, respectively. An aspect ratio of the flat cross-section was 1:3 for the conductor of the cross-sectional area of 35 mm2, and 1:4 for the conductor of the cross-sectional area of 130 mm2.
For each of the covered electric wires thus prepared, flexibility was evaluated by measuring an opposing force. Three-point bending was carried out for measuring the opposing force. That is, both ends of a covered electric wire having a length of 100 mm were held firmly, and an opposing force incurred by bending a center part was measured with a load cell.
(Test Results)
Table 2 below shows measurement results of the opposing force obtained for each of the covered electric wires.
According to Table 2, for each of the conductor cross-sectional areas, the opposing force was reduced when the sectional shape was changed from circular to flat. In other words, flexibility was enhanced. Even in the case where the conductor cross-sectional area was as large as 130 mm2, flexibility was enhanced by flattening. In each of the conductor cross-sectional areas, the opposing force was reduced to 90% or lower by flattening; however, in the case of the large conductor cross-sectional area, the aspect ratio of the flat shape needs to be higher (width needs to be wider) to improve flexibility to the same degree.
[Heat Dissipation Performance of Covered Electric Wire]
A relationship between a heat dissipation performance of the covered electric wire and the shape of the electric wire conductor as well as presence or absence of a heat dissipation sheet was examined by computer simulations.
(Test Method)
A computer simulation employing a thermal conductivity analysis according to a finite element method was used to estimate a degree of temperature rise upon application of an electric current to a covered electric wire. Specifically, the covered electric wire was assumed as a sample, in which an insulation cover made of PVC having a thickness of 1.6 mm was formed on an outer periphery of three types of the electric wire conductors made of a copper alloy; one had a circular cross-section, one had a flat cross-section with an aspect ratio of 1:3, and one had a flat cross-section with an aspect ratio of 1:5. For the conductor having the circular cross-section, a conductor cross-sectional area was set to 134.5 mm2, and for the conductor having the flat cross-sections, conductor cross-sectional areas were set to have three different values based on 134.5 mm2. Then, a current of 400 A was applied to each of the samples and a temperature rise for achieving a steady state was estimated by the simulation. A temperature of the surrounding environment was set at 40 degrees C.
In addition, for the covered electric wire having a flat electric wire conductor with an aspect ratio of 1:5, a temperature rise was similarly estimated also for a case where a heat dissipation sheet was disposed. As the heat dissipation sheet, two types of aluminum plates with a thickness of 5 mm, having a width of 30 mm and 60 mm were employed. A flat surface of the covered electric wire along the width direction x was brought into close contact with a surface of one side of the heat dissipation sheet while aligning the center of the covered electric wire in the width direction x with the center of the heat dissipation sheet in the width direction.
(Test Results)
Values of temperature rise obtained by the simulation for each of the samples are expressed in
According to
Further, when the heat dissipation sheet was disposed on the covered electric wire having a flat cross-section, the heat dissipation performance was further enhanced. In particular, the larger the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation sheet was, the higher the heat dissipation performance improved. That is to say, when the upper limit of the temperature rise was set at a predetermined temperature, a heat dissipation sheet having a large cross-sectional area could suppress the temperature rise below the upper limit, even if the conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor was made small. For example, when the upper limit of the temperature rise was set at 40 degrees C. and a width of the heat dissipation sheet was 30 mm, a lower limit of the conductor cross-sectional area was approximately 95 mm2. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation sheet was approximately 1.6 times larger than the conductor cross-sectional area. On the other hand, when the width of the heat dissipation sheet was 60 mm, the lower limit of the conductor cross-sectional area was 67 mm2. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the heat dissipation sheet was approximately 4.5 times larger than the conductor cross-sectional area.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed herein, and various changes and modifications may be made without deviating from the scope of the present invention.
In addition, an embodiment has been described where the electric wire conductor has the vacancy ratio of equal to or more than a predetermined value; however, an embodiment of the electric wire conductor does not have the vacancy ratio described above may be presented, that is, an electric wire conductor which contains a wire strand having a plurality of elemental wires twisted together, and has a flat portion where a cross-section intersecting an axial direction of the wire strand is flat. Also in such an embodiment, forming the cross-sectional shape into flat makes it possible to achieve both the improved flexibility and the space-saving property compared with a case of the substantially circular cross-section. Further, also in such an embodiment, the above-mentioned features relating to the electric wire conductor other than the vacancy ratio can be suitably applied, for example, the cross-sectional shape of each elemental wire such as the deformation ratio, the material and the conductor cross-sectional area of the electric wire conductor, the aspect ratio of the electric wire conductor, and arrangement of both the flat portion and the low-flatness portion. Furthermore, also the features relating to the covered electric wire and the wiring harness as described above can be suitably applied.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016-218236 | Nov 2016 | JP | national |
| JP2017-022905 | Feb 2017 | JP | national |
| PCT/JP2017/012924 | Mar 2017 | WO | international |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Child | 16842828 | US |
