The reproduction of images has had a positive effect on many people's lives. One of the earliest technologies for reproducing images was the movie projector, which allowed for audiences to view theatrical productions without live actors and actresses. Televisions were invented, which allowed people to watch moving pictures in the comfort of their own homes. The first televisions were cathode ray tube (CRT) televisions, which is a technology that is still being used today. During the computer age, it has been desirable to reproduce images which are output from computers through monitors. Like many televisions, many computer monitors use CRT technology.
Other technologies have been developed as substitutes for CRT technology. For example, liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is commonplace for both computer monitors and televisions. A LCD is a relatively thin display, which is convenient for many people. Other examples of displays are plasma displays, rear projections displays, and projectors. As display technology has improved, many new applications are being developed. For example, many attempts have been made to develop displays which create viewable images in glass. However, there have been many technical challenges that have prevented creation of viewable images in glass or other transparent material. Specifically, it has been difficult for glass to be maintained in a substantially transparent state and be able to display viewable images with sufficient illumination and clarity.
In accordance with embodiments, viewable images can be created in glass. Viewable images may be created in glass by using at least one ultraviolet light source (e.g. a projector) to excite light emitting material. Clear images may be created in glass because the size the light emitting particles in the glass is relatively small (e.g. less than 500 nanometers). In embodiments, the visible illumination of a transparent substrate to display an image is possible, while the transparent substrate remains transparent. Accordingly, for example, drivers of automobiles may view images (e.g. map images) on their windshield while they are driving. As another example, window shoppers may view enhanced advertisements in the windows of stores that they are approaching, while the windows remain transparent. In embodiments, different colors may be illuminated on glass by adjusting the wavelength of the ultraviolet light to create color images.
Embodiments relate to an apparatus including a light source, a projection modulator, and a variable light filter. The projection modulator is configured modulate light emitted from the light source. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light include light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
Embodiments relate to a method including emitting light from a light source, modulating the light at a projection modulator, and filtering the light at a variable light filter. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light include light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
Embodiments relate to a method including integrating a light source, a projection modulator, and a variable light filter into a projector. The projection modulator is configured modulate light emitted from the light source. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light comprise light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
The excitation light may be ultraviolet light, in accordance with embodiments. If the excitation light is ultraviolet light, then when the light emitting material emits visible light in response to the ultraviolet light, a down-conversion physical phenomenon occurs. Specifically, ultraviolet light has a shorter wavelength and higher energy than visible light. Accordingly, when the light emitting material absorbs the ultraviolet light and emits lower energy visible light, the ultraviolet light is down-converted to visible light because the ultraviolet light's energy level goes down when it is converted into visible light; In embodiments, the light emitting material is fluorescent material.
In embodiments illustrated in
Light emitting material (e.g. light emitting materials 178, 180, and/or 182) may be fluorescent material, which emits visible light in response to absorption of electromagnetic radiation (e.g. visible light, ultraviolet light, or infrared light) that is a different wavelength than the emitted visible light. Light emitting material may include light emitting particles. The size of the particles may be smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which may reduce or eliminate visible light scattering by the particles. Examples of particles that are smaller than the wavelength of visible light are nanoparticles, individual molecules, and individual atoms.
According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 500 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 450 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 420 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 400 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 300 nanometer. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 200 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 100 nanometers. According to embodiments, each of the light emitting particles has a diameter that is less than about 50 nanometers. The light emitting particles may be individual molecules or individual atoms.
Different types of light emitting particles (e.g. light emitting materials 178, 180, and/or 182) may be used together that have different physical characteristics. For example, in order to create color images in substrate 114, different types of light emitting particles may be utilized that are associated with different colors. For example, a first type of light emitting particles may be associated with the color red, a second type of light emitting particles may be associated with the color green, and a third type of light emitting particles may be associated with the color blue. Although the example first type, second type, and third type of light emitting particles are primary colors, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate other combinations of colors (e.g. types of colors and number of colors) in order to facilitate a color display.
In down-conversion embodiments (e.g. absorption of ultraviolet light to emit visible light), light emitting particles which emit red light may include Europium, light emitting particles which emit green light may include Terbium, and/or light emitting particles which emit blue or yellow light may include Cerium (and/or Thulium). In embodiments, light emitting particles which emit blue light may include Erbium. In embodiments, light emitting materials which emit blue light may include an organic fluorescent dye.
Different types of light emitting particles may absorb different ranges of excitation light to emit the different colors. Accordingly, the wavelength range of the excitation light may be modulated to control the visible color emitted from the light emitting particles in substrate 114. In embodiments, different types of light emitting particles may be mixed together and integrated into substrate 114. By modulating the wavelength of the excitation light, visible light with specific color characteristics can be created in substrate 114. For example, by selectively exciting specific combinations of different types of light emitting particles associated with primary colors, virtually any visible color can be emitted from substrate 114. In embodiments, modulating of the excitation light wavelength can utilize a variable light filter. In embodiments, the variable light filter is a color wheel with specific ultraviolet pass filters.
In embodiments, light source 9 may output ultraviolet light. Light source 9 may be a gas discharge lamp, a solid state lamp, a light emitting diode lamp, and/or a metal halide lamp. Other types of lamps that can output ultraviolet light can be appreciated. Light source 9 may include a reflector. In embodiments, the reflector has a reflective enhancement coating. In embodiments, the reflective enhancement coating reflects light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometer. In embodiments, the reflective enhancement coating reflects light having a wavelength less than 450 nanometer. In embodiments, the reflective enhancement coating reflects light having a wavelength less than 420 nanometer. In embodiments, the reflective enhancement coating reflects ultraviolet light.
Micro mirror device 10 may include blackboard 1, a plurality of electrodes 3, micro mirrors 5, and support 7. Plurality of electrodes 3 may be coupled to the blackboard 1. Micro mirrors 5 may receive light output from light source 9 and selectively reflect the light at different angles to form images on screen 15. Support 7 mechanically supports micro mirrors 5.
Plurality of electrodes 3 may generate an electrostatic field by an input voltage signal to modulate movements of supporting member 7. Micro mirrors 5 (which may be relatively small) may be attached to supporting member 7 and rotated at a relatively small angle. Light is reflected from light source 9 to either projection lens 11 or absorption plate 13, depending on the angle of micro mirror 5. Projection lens 11 may receive light reflected from micro mirror device 10 and project the light to the screen 15 to display an image.
Micro mirrors 5 may be slanted at an initial angle. When light output from light source 9 is projected onto micro mirrors 5, micro mirrors 5 reflect the light to absorption plate 13. Accordingly, under these circumstances, since micro mirrors 5 do not reflect light to projection lens 11, a blank image (e.g. black image) appears on screen 15.
When a signal is input to plurality of electrodes 3 on blackboard 1, plurality of electrodes 3 may generate an electrostatic field which selectively causes supporting member 7 to rotate within a sufficient angle range. When micro mirrors 5 are rotated at an appropriate angle, light incident on micro mirrors 5 is reflected to projection lens 11, which projects the light onto screen 15, causing selective illumination of pixels (associated with rotated micro mirrors 5). Micro mirrors 5 may be selectively rotated at high speeds (e.g. on/off operations) to produce a moving (or static) image on screen 15.
Filter wheel 27 may be for varying the wavelength of the light output from light source 25 in the ultraviolet spectrum. Filter wheel 27 may rotate to vary the wavelength of light that is allowed to pass through filter wheel 27. Micro mirror device 35 may receive light output from filter wheel 27 and reflect the light onto screen 38. The selective reflection of light from micro mirror device 35 and the position in rotation of filter wheel 27 may be calibrated so that images with predetermined characteristics can be displayed. Light pipe 29 may receive light from filter wheel 27 and spatially redistribute the light at a substantially uniform intensity. In embodiments, light pipe 29 is designed to reflect ultraviolet light, so that incident ultraviolet light is spatially redistributed at a substantially uniform intensity. Lens 30 may be for focusing light output from light pipe 29 to reduce the diameter of the light. In embodiments, lens 30 is configured to collect ultraviolet light. Mirror 31 may be for reflecting light output from lens 30 at an angle. Lens 32 may be for focusing light output from mirror 31. In embodiments, lens 30 and lens 32 are configured to focus ultraviolet light. Prism 33 may receive light output from lens 32 and transmit the light in a direction according to angles of mirrors of micro mirror device 35, in accordance with control signals input into micro mirror device 35. In embodiments, prism 33 is configured to transmit ultraviolet light.
In
In
In
Embodiments relate to an apparatus including a light source, a projection modulator, and a variable light filter. The projection modulator is configured to modulate light emitted from the light source. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light include light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light may include light with a wavelength less than 450 nanometers. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light may include light with a wavelength less than 420 nanometers. The light transmitted through the light source may be projected onto a substantially transparent substrate. Fluorescent particles may be integrated into the substantially transparent substrate. Fluorescent particles may emit visible light in response to absorption of light emitted from the light source. Each of the fluorescent particles may have a diameter less than 500 nanometers. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light may include ultraviolet light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light may consist of ultraviolet light. The projection modulator may include an array of modulators. Each modulator of the array of modulators may be a movable mirror. The projection modulator may be a micro mirror device. The micro mirror device may be an analog micro mirror device. The micro mirror device may be a digital micro mirror device. The micro mirror device may be configured to modulate light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. The variable light filter may be configured to transmit light prior to the light being modulated by the projection modulator. The variable light filter may include a disk with at least two different types of light filters. The variable light filter may be configured to selectively transmit the at two different wavelength ranges of light by selectively rotating the disk to control which of the at least two different types of light filters is in a path of light emitted from the light source. The at least two different types of light filters may be substantially evenly distributed on the disk. The at least two different types of light filters may be non-uniformly distributed on the disk. The at least two different types of light filters may be distributed on the disk in a radial direction. The at least two different types of light filters may be distributed on the disk in a spiral pattern. At least one lens may be configured to focus light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. A light integrator may be configured to redistribute light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. The light integrator may include an ultraviolet transparent material and an anti-reflective coating for light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. The ultraviolet transparent material may include fused silica, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, sapphire, barium fluoride, beryllium oxide, calcite, and/or germanium oxide. The light source may include a reflector. The reflector may have a reflective enhancement coating for light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers. The light source may include an ultraviolet lamp. The ultraviolet lamp may be one of a gas discharge lamp, a solid state lamp, a light emitting diode lamp, and a metal halide lamp. A visible light filter may be configured to substantially remove visible light emitted from the light source prior to light from the light source being modulated by the projection modulator. A light separator may be configured to separate light having a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
Embodiments relate to a method including emitting light from a light source, modulating the light at a projection modulator, and filtering the light at a variable light filter. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light include light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
Embodiments relate to a method including integrating a light source, a projection modulator, and a variable light filter into a projector. The projection modulator is configured modulate light emitted from the light source. The variable light filter is configured to selectively transmit at least two different wavelength ranges of light. The at least two different wavelength ranges of light comprise light with a wavelength less than 500 nanometers.
The foregoing embodiments (e.g. light emitting material integrated into a substantially transparent substrate) and advantages are merely examples and are not to be construed as limiting the appended claims. The above teachings can be applied to other apparatuses and methods, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Priority is claimed to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/563,376 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Apr. 19, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/579,067 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jun. 10, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/586,746 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jul. 10, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/590,469 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jul. 24, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/598,527 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Aug. 3, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/599,826 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Aug. 7, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/626,152 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Nov. 8, 2004), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/645,245 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jan. 20, 2005), U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/658,242 (filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Mar. 3, 2005), which are all herein incorporated by reference in entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3598995 | Inoue et al. | Aug 1971 | A |
| 3881800 | Friesem | May 1975 | A |
| 3953117 | Cannon | Apr 1976 | A |
| 4158210 | Watanabe et al. | Jun 1979 | A |
| 4689522 | Robertson | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4713577 | Gualtieri et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4814666 | Iwasaki et al. | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4960314 | Smith et al. | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4989956 | Wu et al. | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5045706 | Tanaka et al. | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5078462 | Gravisse | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5142387 | Shikama et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5162160 | Matsui et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5233197 | Bowman et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5289315 | Makita et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5347644 | Sedlmayr | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5424535 | Albion et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5473396 | Okajima et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5566025 | Knoll et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5633737 | Tanaka et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5646479 | Troxell | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5684621 | Downing | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5764403 | Downing | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5784162 | Cabib et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5786582 | Roustaei et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5914807 | Downing | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5921650 | Doany et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5943160 | Downing | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5956172 | Downing | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5957560 | Do et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
| 6064521 | Burke | May 2000 | A |
| 6128131 | Tang | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6166852 | Miro | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6221112 | Snider | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6239907 | Allen et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6261402 | Watanabe et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6327074 | Bass et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6337769 | Lee | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6381068 | Harada et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6439888 | Boutoussov et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6466184 | Whitesell et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6501590 | Bass et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6507436 | Nishikawa et al. | Jan 2003 | B2 |
| 6654161 | Bass et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6666561 | Blakley | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6769773 | Wu | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6804053 | Etori et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6809781 | Setlur et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6844950 | Ja Chisholm et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6870671 | Travis | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6897999 | Bass et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6900916 | Okazaki et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 7040764 | Przybyla et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 20010005282 | Etori et al. | Jun 2001 | A1 |
| 20010019240 | Takahashi | Sep 2001 | A1 |
| 20020024495 | Lippert et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020048058 | Nishikawa et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020080482 | Watanabe et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020088925 | Nestorovic et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020120916 | Snider | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020140338 | Sluzky | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020190224 | Tazaki | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030002153 | Hiraishi et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030007132 | Shouji | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030198456 | Steiner et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030213967 | Forrest et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030214724 | Fujikawa et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030227004 | Dopps | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040022071 | Cheng et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040041988 | Kitamura | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040070551 | Walck et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040070824 | Toda et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040090794 | Ollett et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040100692 | Hou | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040114219 | Richardson | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040135976 | Ishihara et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040149998 | Henson et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040164669 | Kawaguchi et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040224154 | Toda et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040233526 | Kaminsky et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040257650 | Parusel et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050030617 | Umeya | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050063054 | Umeya | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050088736 | Ghozeil et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050088737 | Piehl | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050152032 | Olofson et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050174635 | Bruegl et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050254018 | Magarill et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060203209 | De Vaan | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 10350529 | Mar 2005 | DE |
| 4281422 | Oct 1992 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050231692 A1 | Oct 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60563376 | Apr 2004 | US | |
| 60579067 | Jun 2004 | US | |
| 60586746 | Jul 2004 | US | |
| 60590469 | Jul 2004 | US | |
| 60598527 | Aug 2004 | US | |
| 60599826 | Aug 2004 | US | |
| 60626152 | Nov 2004 | US | |
| 60645245 | Jan 2005 | US | |
| 60658242 | Mar 2005 | US |