Patent Application
20180038258
The present invention relates to an exhaust emission control system of an engine, and particularly to an exhaust emission control system which is provided on an exhaust passage with a NOx catalyst which purifies NOx in exhaust gas.
Conventionally, exhaust emission control systems of engines, which include a SCR catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine and for purifying NOx within exhaust gas by causing a reaction with NH3 and a NOx storage catalyst that stores (occludes) NOx contained in exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean (i.e., λ>1, larger than a theoretical air-fuel ratio) are known (e.g., see JP3518398B). Such a NOx storage catalyst further reduces the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio is approximately equal to stoichiometric (i.e., λ≈1, approximately equal to the theoretical air-fuel ratio) or is rich (i.e., λ<1, smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio). In the exhaust emission control system of the engine, the SCR catalyst purifies NOx when an engine speed and an engine load are high, i.e., the temperature of the SCR catalyst is high, and otherwise the NOx catalyst purifies NOx.
Further, JP2010-112345A discloses an art for performing NOx purification with a SCR catalyst by adsorbing NH3 generated in a NOx reduction control of a NOx catalyst, instead of providing a urea injector for injecting urea to the SCR catalyst.
With the art of JP3518398B, if a urea injection by a urea injector is not performed normally within an operating range of the engine where the SCR catalyst purifies NOx, i.e., the NOx catalyst does not purify NOx, the NOx purification by the SCR catalyst becomes insufficient, and a problem arises in that a large amount of NOx is discharged.
Therefore, NH3 generated in the NOx reduction control of the NOx catalyst may be supplied to the SCR catalyst (see JP2010-112345A).
However, the amount of NH3 generated in the NOx reduction control by the NOx catalyst is comparatively small, thus causing not enough NH3 to be supplied to the SCR catalyst to sufficiently purify NOx.
The present invention is made in view of the issues of the conventional arts described above, and aims to provide an exhaust emission control system of an engine, which is capable of raising a temperature of a NOx catalyst and supplying a comparatively large amount of NH3 from the NOx catalyst to the SCR catalyst by performing a NOx reduction control in a state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst is raised so as to facilitate NH3 generation in the NOx catalyst.
According to one aspect of the present invention, an exhaust emission control system of an engine, including a NOx catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine and for storing NOx within exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean, and reducing the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometric or rich, the NOx catalyst also functioning as an oxidation catalyst for oxidizing HC, is provided. The system includes a SCR catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage downstream of the NOx catalyst and for purifying NOx within exhaust gas by causing a reaction with NH3, a urea injector for supplying urea to the SCR catalyst by injecting urea to the exhaust passage, and a processor configured to execute a fuel injection controlling module for controlling a fuel injector, and a NOx reduction controlling module for performing a NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio is enriched to reach a target air-fuel ratio so that the stored NOx is reduced, the target air-fuel ratio being a ratio at which the stored NOx is reducible. When the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction controlling module performs a NH3-supplied NOx reduction control in which the NOx catalyst supplies NH3 to the SCR catalyst, by performing the NOx reduction control, a lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and then the NOx reduction control again, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control being a control in which the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the target air-fuel ratio.
With this configuration, when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is enriched, and then performs the lean air-fuel ratio operation control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes leaner than the target air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst and the NOx catalyst are raised by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst. By performing the NOx reduction control again in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst is raised, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst to the SCR catalyst. Therefore, when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
The lean air-fuel ratio operation control may be performed by stopping the NOx reduction control to bring an operating state of the engine to a normal operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes lean.
With this configuration, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is performed by stopping the NOx reduction control to bring the operating state of the engine to the normal operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes lean (i.e., leaner than a theoretical air-fuel ratio). Therefore, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is performed by a comparatively simple control, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst and the NOx catalyst are raised comparatively easily by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst, and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst to the SCR catalyst.
The NOx reduction controlling module may repeatedly perform a temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst by performing the NOx reduction control and then the lean air-fuel ratio operation control until the temperature of the NOx catalyst reaches a target temperature, and when the temperature of the NOx catalyst reaches the target temperature, the NOx reduction controlling module may perform the NH3-supplied NOx reduction control by performing the NOx reduction control without performing the temperature raising control.
With this configuration, the NOx reduction controlling module repeatedly performs the temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst by performing the NOx reduction control and then the lean air-fuel ratio operation control until the temperature of the NOx catalyst reaches the target temperature. After the temperature of the NOx catalyst reaches the target temperature, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NOx reduction control without performing the temperature raising control. In other words, the NOx reduction control is performed in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst is raised to the target temperature at which the NH3 generation becomes easy. Thus, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst to the SCR catalyst.
The NOx reduction controlling module may start the lean air-fuel ratio operation control after an estimated value of a supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst of the NOx catalyst reaches a given value corresponding to a required amount for raising the temperature of the NOx catalyst to a target temperature.
With this configuration, the NOx reduction controlling module starts the lean air-fuel ratio operation control after the estimated value of the supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst of the NOx catalyst reaches the given value corresponding to a required amount for raising the temperature to the target temperature. Therefore, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst and the NOx catalyst are raised to the target temperatures by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst. Thus, the temperature of the NOx catalyst is raised toward the target temperature in the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and by performing the NOx reduction control in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst is raised to the target temperature at which the NH3 generation becomes easy, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst to the SCR catalyst.
The NOx reduction controlling module may terminate the lean air-fuel ratio operation control when a reaction time that is calculated based on an estimated value of a supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst of the NOx catalyst, and is assumed to be required for completing reaction between HC and oxygen, elapses.
With this configuration, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is terminated when the reaction time which is calculated based on the estimated value of the supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst of the NOx catalyst and is assumed to be required for completing the reaction between HC and oxygen elapses. Thus, HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst effectively reacts with oxygen during the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst and the NOx catalyst are efficiently raised by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst.
Only when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction controlling module may perform a temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst by performing the NOx reduction control and then performing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control.
With this configuration, only when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, the temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst is performed by performing the NOx reduction control and then performing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control. Therefore, other than when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction control is reliably performed without executing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control and the temperature raising control accompanied thereby.
When urea supplied to the urea injector is frozen, the NOx reduction controlling module may perform the NH3-supplied NOx reduction control in which the NOx catalyst supplies NH3 to the SCR catalyst, by performing the NOx reduction control, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and then the NOx reduction control again.
With this configuration, when urea supplied to the urea injector is frozen, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
When performing the NOx reduction control after the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, the NOx reduction controlling module may set a post injection timing in the NOx reduction control so that the fuel injected in a post injection is combusted inside a cylinder of the engine.
With this configuration, when performing the NOx reduction control after the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, the post injection timing in the NOx reduction control is set so that the fuel injected in the post injection is combusted inside the cylinder of the engine. Therefore, discharge of the fuel injected in the post injection as unburned fuel or oil dilution due to the fuel injected in the post injection is prevented.
The NOx reduction controlling module may perform the NH3-supplied NOx reduction control when the temperature of the exhaust gas is comparatively high and NOx within the exhaust gas is required to be purified by the SCR catalyst.
With this configuration, when the urea injection by the urea injector is determined to be abnormal in the case where the temperature of the exhaust gas is comparatively high and NOx within the exhaust gas is required to be purified by the SCR catalyst, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NH3-supplied NOx reduction control. Therefore, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
Hereinafter, an exhaust emission control system of an engine according to one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, an engine system to which the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment is applied is described with reference to a schematic configuration view of the engine system in
As illustrated in
First, the intake system IN includes an intake passage 1 through which intake air passes. In the intake passage 1, an air cleaner 3 for purifying air introduced from outside, a compressor of a turbocharger 5 for compressing intake air passing therethrough to increase pressure of the intake air, an intercooler 8 for cooling the intake air with outdoor air or coolant, an intake shutter valve 7 (corresponding to a throttle valve) for adjusting a flow rate of intake air passing therethrough, and a surge tank 12 for temporarily storing intake air to be supplied into the engine E are provided in this order from the upstream.
Further in the intake system IN, an airflow sensor 101 for detecting an intake air amount and a temperature sensor 102 for detecting an intake air temperature are disposed in the intake passage 1 immediately downstream of the air cleaner 3. A pressure sensor 103 for detecting pressure of the intake air is provided to the turbocharger 5. A temperature sensor 106 for detecting an intake air temperature is disposed in the intake passage 1 immediately downstream of the intercooler 8. A position sensor 105 for detecting an opening of the intake shutter valve 7 is provided to the intake shutter valve 7. A pressure sensor 108 for detecting pressure of intake air in an intake manifold is provided to the surge tank 12. The various sensors 101 to 103, 105, 106 and 108 provided in the intake system IN output detection signals S101 to S103, S105, S106 and S108 corresponding to the detected parameters to the PCM 60, respectively.
Next, the engine E includes an intake valve 15 for introducing the intake air supplied from the intake passage 1 (more specifically, intake manifold) into a combustion chamber 17, a fuel injector 20 for injecting fuel to the combustion chamber 17, a glow plug 21 provided with a heat generating part 21a for generating heat when energized, a piston 23 for reciprocating due to combustion of air-fuel mixture within the combustion chamber 17, a crankshaft 25 for rotating due to the reciprocation of the piston 23, and an exhaust valve 27 for discharging the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture within the combustion chamber 17 to an exhaust passage 41. The engine E is also provided with a crank angle sensor 100 for detecting a crank angle which is a rotational angle of the crankshaft 25 measured, for example, with reference to a top dead center. The crank angle sensor 100 outputs a detection signal S100 corresponding to the detected crank angle to the PCM 60 which acquires an engine speed based on the detection signal S100.
The fuel supply system FS has a fuel tank 30 for storing the fuel and a fuel supply passage 38 for supplying the fuel from the fuel tank 30 to the fuel injector 20. In the fuel supply passage 38, a low-pressure fuel pump 31, a high-pressure fuel pump 33, and a common rail 35 are disposed in this order from the upstream.
Next, the exhaust system EX includes the exhaust passage 41 through which the exhaust gas passes. In the exhaust passage 41, a turbine of the turbocharger 5 which is rotated by the exhaust gas passing therethrough and drives the compressor by this rotation is disposed. Further the following components are disposed in the exhaust passage 41 on the downstream side of the turbine in the following order from the upstream: a NOx catalyst 45 for purifying NOx within the exhaust gas; a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 46 for capturing particulate matter (PM) within the exhaust gas; a urea injector 51 for injecting urea (typically, urea water) into the exhaust passage 41 downstream of the DPF 46; the SCR catalyst 47 for producing ammonia by hydrolysis of urea injected by the urea injector 51 (CO(NH2)2+H2O→CO2+2NH3) and purifying NOx by causing a reaction (reduction) of this ammonia with NOx within the exhaust gas; and a slip catalyst 48 for oxidizing ammonia released from the SCR catalyst 47 to purify it. Note that the urea injector 51 is controlled to inject urea into the exhaust passage 41 based on a control signal S51 supplied from the DCU 70.
Here, the NOx catalyst 45 and the SCR catalyst 47 are described more in detail. The NOx catalyst 45 is a NOx storage catalyst (NSC) which stores NOx contained within the exhaust gas when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is lean (i.e., λ>1, larger than a theoretical air-fuel ratio), and reduces the stored NOx when the air-fuel ratio is approximately equal to stoichiometric (i.e., λ≈1, approximately equal to the theoretical air-fuel ratio) or is rich (i.e., λ<1, smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio). The NOx catalyst 45 generates ammonia when reducing the stored NOx, and releases it. For example, in the NOx reduction control, ammonia (NH3) is generated by combining “N” within NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 and “H” within “HC,” such as unburned fuel supplied to the NOx catalyst 45 as a reducing agent, or “H” within “H2O” generated by in-cylinder combustion.
The NOx catalyst 45 functions, not only as the NSC, but also as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 45a (oxidation catalyst) which oxidizes hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), etc. using oxygen within the exhaust gas to convert them into water and carbon dioxide. For example, the NOx catalyst 45 is made by coating a surface of a catalyst material layer of the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a with a catalyst material of NSC. Therefore, the NOx catalyst 45 forms a composite catalyst combined with the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a. Thus, when the temperature of the diesel oxidation catalyst 45a rises due to heat caused by oxidation, this heat is transmitted to the NOx catalyst 45 and increases the temperature of the catalyst 45.
On the other hand, the SCR catalyst 47 adsorbs ammonia generated by urea injected from the urea injector 51 and ammonia generated by the NOx reduction in the NOx catalyst 45, and causes reaction of the adsorbed ammonia with NOx to reduce and purify NOx. For example, the SCR catalyst 47 is made by supporting catalyst metal which reduces NOx with ammonia on a zeolite which traps ammonia to form a catalyst component, and supporting this catalyst component on a cell wall of a honeycomb carrier. Fe, Ti, Ce, W, etc. is used as the catalyst metal for NOx reduction.
Note that in view of achieving both of securing the NOx purification performance by the SCR catalyst 47 and preventing the release (slip) of ammonia from the SCR catalyst 47, the DCU 70 controls the urea injector 51 to inject urea so that a suitable amount of ammonia is adsorbed to the SCR catalyst 47. In this case, since the ammonia adsorption capacity changes according to the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 (specifically, it becomes easier for ammonia to be released from the SCR catalyst 47 as the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 increases), the DCU 70 controls the urea injector 51 to inject urea in consideration of the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47.
The urea injector 51 is disposed in the exhaust passage 41 upstream of the SCR catalyst 47 and downstream of the NOx catalyst 45. The urea injector 51 is connected to a urea supply path 53, and the urea supply path 53 is connected to a urea tank 55 via a urea sending pump 54. The urea supply path 53 is formed by piping which is capable of sending urea (urea water). A urea supply path pressure sensor 56 for measuring a change in pressure when urea passes therethrough is disposed in the urea supply path 53. A urea path heater 57 for preventing urea from freezing in the urea supply path 53 is disposed in the urea supply path 53. The urea sending pump 54, in response to a control command from the DCU 70, sends urea from the urea tank 55 to the urea injector 51.
The urea tank 55 is capable of storing urea. A urea level sensor 58, a urea temperature sensor 59, and a urea tank heater 61 are provided in the urea tank 55. The urea level sensor 58 detects the water level of urea in the urea tank 55. The urea temperature sensor 59 detects the temperature of urea in the urea tank 55. The urea tank heater 61 heats up urea in the urea tank 55. When urea in the urea tank 55 is completely or partially frozen, the urea tank heater 61 heats up the urea to change the frozen state and back to the liquid state.
The DCU 70 is electrically connected to the urea supply path pressure sensor 56, the urea level sensor 58, and the urea temperature sensor 59. The urea supply path pressure sensor 56, the urea level sensor 58, and the urea temperature sensor 59 output detection signals S52 to S54 corresponding to the detected parameters to the DCU 70, respectively. In addition, the DCU 70 is electrically connected to the urea path heater 57, the urea sending pump 54, and the urea tank heater 61. Operating states of the urea path heater 57, the urea sending pump 54, and the urea tank heater 61 are controlled by control signals S55 to S57 supplied from the DCU 70, respectively.
The DCU 70 is comprised of a computer including a processor 70A (e.g., a CPU (central processing unit)), various programs which are interpreted and executed on the processor (including a basic control program, such as an OS, and an application program activated on the OS to realize a specific function), and an internal memory such as ROM(s) and/or RAM(s), for storing programs and various data. The DCU 70 is connected to the PCM 60 to be mutually communicable and is controlled by the PCM 60 upon receiving a control command.
Further in the exhaust system EX, as illustrated in
In this embodiment, the turbocharger 5 is configured as a two-stage turbocharging system capable of efficiently obtaining high turbocharging performance in all low to high engine speed ranges. The exhaust energy is low within the low engine speed range. That is, the turbocharger 5 includes a large turbocharger 5a for turbocharging a large amount of air within a high engine speed range, a small turbocharger 5b capable of performing efficient turbocharging even with low exhaust energy, a compressor bypass valve 5c for controlling the flow of intake air to a compressor of the small turbocharger 5b, a regulator valve 5d for controlling the flow of exhaust gas to a turbine of the small turbocharger 5b, and a wastegate valve 5e for controlling the flow of exhaust gas to a turbine of the large turbocharger 5a. By driving each valve in accordance with the operating state of the engine E (engine speed and load), the operated turbocharger is switched between the large turbocharger 5a and the small turbocharger 5b.
The engine system 200 of this embodiment also includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) device 43. The EGR device 43 includes an EGR passage 43a connecting a position of the exhaust passage 41 upstream of the turbine of the turbocharger 5 with a position of the intake passage 1 downstream of the compressor of the turbocharger 5 (more specifically, downstream of the intercooler 8), an EGR cooler 43b for cooling the exhaust gas passing through the EGR passage 43a, a first EGR valve 43c for adjusting a flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the EGR passage 43a, an EGR cooler bypass passage 43d for causing the exhaust gas to bypass the EGR cooler 43b, and a second EGR valve 43e for adjusting a flow rate of the exhaust gas passing through the EGR cooler bypass passage 43d.
Next, an electrical configuration of the exhaust emission control system of the engine of the embodiment is described with reference to
Based on the detection signals S100 to S103, S105, S106, S108 to S119 of the various sensors 100 to 103, 105, 106 and 108 to 119 described above, and detection signals S150 and S151 outputted by an accelerator opening sensor 150 for detecting a position of an accelerator pedal (accelerator opening) and a vehicle speed sensor 151 for detecting a vehicle speed, respectively, the PCM 60 of this embodiment outputs a control signal S20 for mainly controlling the fuel injector 20, and a control signal S7 for controlling the intake shutter valve 7. Further, the PCM 60 mutually communicates with the DCU 70 to output a control signal S8 for controlling the DCU 70 so that the injector 51 supplies urea into the exhaust passage 41, or the urea tank heater 61 melts frozen urea in the urea tank 55, etc.
Particularly in this embodiment, the PCM 60 executes a NOx reduction control in which the fuel injector 20 is controlled to perform a post injection to control the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to a target air-fuel ratio (specifically, a given air-fuel ratio approximately equal to or smaller than a theoretical air-fuel ratio), so that the NOx catalyst 45 is controlled to reduce NOx stored therein. In other words, the PCM 60 performs the post injection after a main injection. In the main injection, the fuel is injected into the cylinder (in the main injection, typically various settings including a fuel injection amount are executed utilized to obtain a lean air-fuel ratio) so as to output an engine torque according to an accelerator operation by a vehicle operator. In the post injection, the fuel is injected at a timing so that the engine torque output is not influenced (e.g., expansion stroke) so as to achieve λ≈1 or λ<1 and reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45. Hereinafter, such a control for reducing NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is referred to as “DeNOx control.” Note that “De” in the word “DeNOx” is a prefix meaning separation or removal. Note that the NH3-supplied DeNOx control described later is also included in the “DeNOx control” since it performs a control for reducing NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45.
Note that the PCM 60 is comprised of a processor 60A (e.g., a CPU (central processing unit)), various programs which are interpreted and executed on the processor 60A (including a basic control program, such as an OS, and an application program activated on the OS and realizing a specific function), and an internal memory such as ROM(s) and/or RAM(s), for storing programs and various data. The processor 60A is configured to execute at least a NOx reduction controlling module 60B to perform the NOx reduction control and a fuel injection controlling module 60C to perform a fuel injection control. These modules are stored in the internal memory as one or more software programs.
Next, a fuel injection control of this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (fuel injection control process) of
First, at S101, the PCM 60 acquires an operating state of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least the accelerator opening detected by the accelerator opening sensor 150, the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 151, the crank angle detected by the crank angle sensor 100, and a gear range currently set in a transmission of the vehicle.
Next, at S102, the PCM 60 sets a target acceleration based on the acquired operating state of the vehicle at S101. For example, the PCM 60 selects, from a plurality of acceleration characteristic maps (created in advance and stored in the memory) defined for various vehicle speeds and various gear ranges, an acceleration characteristic map corresponding to the current vehicle speed and gear range, and determines the target acceleration corresponding to the current accelerator opening by referring to the selected acceleration characteristic map.
Next, at S103, the PCM 60 determines a target torque of the engine E to achieve the target acceleration determined at S102. In this case, the PCM 60 determines the target torque within a range of torque which the engine E is possible to output, based on the current vehicle speed, the gear range, a current road surface inclination, a road surface a, etc.
Next, at S104, the PCM 60 calculates the fuel injection amount to be injected from the fuel injector 20 based on the target torque and the engine speed, so as to output the target torque from the engine E determined at S103. This fuel injection amount is applied in the main injection (main injection amount).
On the other hand, in parallel with the processes at S102 to S104, the PCM 60 sets a fuel injection pattern according to the operating state of the engine E at S105. For example, when executing the above DeNOx control, the PCM 60 sets a fuel injection pattern in which at least the post injection is performed in addition to the main injection. In this case, the PCM 60 also determines the fuel injection amount applied in the post injection (post injection amount) and the timing to perform the post injection (post injection timing, etc.), of which details are described later.
Then, the process proceeds to S106 where the PCM 60 controls the fuel injector 20 based on the main injection amount calculated at S104 and the fuel injection pattern set at S105 (including the post injection amount and the post injection timing in the case where the post injection is performed). In other words, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injector 20 so that a desired amount of fuel is injected in a desired fuel injection pattern.
Hereinafter, the DeNOx control of this embodiment is described in detail.
First, a basic concept of the DeNOx control of this embodiment is described. In this embodiment, when the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45 is above a given amount, typically when the NOx stored amount is approximately equal to a limit value (e.g., the capacity of the NOx catalyst 45), the PCM 60 executes a DeNOx control in which the fuel injector 20 is controlled to perform the post injection so that the air-fuel ratio is continuously controlled to the target air-fuel ratio, in order to reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 to substantially zero (may suitably be referred to as “active DeNOx control”). In this manner, a large amount of NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is forcibly reduced and the NOx purification performance of the NOx catalyst 45 is reliably secured.
Even if the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45 is below the given amount, when the air-fuel ratio becomes rich due to acceleration of the vehicle, the PCM 60 executes a DeNOx control in which the fuel injector 20 is controlled to perform the post injection so as to temporarily control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio, in order to reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 (may suitably be referred to as “passive DeNOx control”). In the passive DeNOx control, the post injection is performed to control the air-fuel ratio to approximately equal to or smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio under a situation where the air-fuel ratio reduces due to the increase of the main injection amount, such as during acceleration of the vehicle. Therefore, the post injection amount for controlling the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio is smaller compared to a case of executing the DeNOx control in a situation where the air-fuel ratio does not reduce (i.e., no acceleration). Moreover, since the passive DeNOx control is executed accompanying the acceleration of the vehicle, the frequency of executing this control is comparatively high.
In this embodiment, when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal in the situation where the NOx is to be purified by the SCR catalyst 47, the DeNOx control for causing the NOx catalyst 45 to supply NH3 to the SCR catalyst 47 (hereinafter, suitably referred to as “NH3-supplied DeNOx control”) is executed in order to prevent that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 is insufficient for the SCR catalyst 47 to purify NOx. In the NH3-supplied DeNOx control, the NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio is enriched is executed to cause the NOx catalyst 45 to supply NH3 to the SCR catalyst 47 so as to bring the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst 47 higher by increasing the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst 47.
In this embodiment, by applying such a passive DeNOx control, DeNOx is performed frequently while preventing a fuel consumption increase due to DeNOx. Although the passive DeNOx control is executed only for a comparatively short period of time, since it is executed frequently, the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45 is efficiently reduced. As a result, the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45 does not easily exceed the given amount, therefore the execution frequency of the active DeNOx control that requires a larger amount of post injection amount than in the passive DeNOx control is lowered, and thus it becomes possible to effectively prevent the fuel consumption increase due to DeNOx.
Further in this embodiment, when executing the above active DeNOx control, the fuel injected in the post injection (hereinafter, referred to as “post-injected fuel”) is combusted inside the cylinder of the engine E to control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio. Here, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at a timing so that the post-injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder. For example, the PCM 60 sets a given timing in an early half of the expansion stroke of the engine E as the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control. By applying such a post injection timing to the active DeNOx control, it is possible to prevent discharge of the post-injected fuel as unburned fuel (i.e., HC) or oil dilution due to the post-injected fuel.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, when executing the passive DeNOx control, the PCM 60 controls the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio by discharging the post-injected fuel as unburned fuel into the exhaust passage 41 without combusting it inside the cylinder of the engine E. In this case, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at a timing so that the post-injected fuel is discharged from the cylinder to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel. For example, the PCM 60 sets a given timing in a latter half of the expansion stroke of the engine E as the post injection timing of the passive DeNOx control. By applying such a post injection timing to the passive DeNOx control, generation of smoke (soot) due to the post-injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder is prevented.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, when executing the NH3-supplied DeNOx control, the post-injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder of the engine E to control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio. Here, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at a timing so that the post-injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder. For example, the PCM 60 sets a given timing in the early half of the expansion stroke of the engine E as the post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control. By applying such a post injection timing to the NH3-supplied DeNOx control, discharge of the post-injected fuel as unburned fuel (i.e., HC) and oil dilution caused by the post-injected fuel are prevented.
Here, operating ranges of the engine E within which the passive DeNOx control and the active DeNOx control are executed in this embodiment are described with reference to
As illustrated in
As described above, in the case of executing the active DeNOx control, in view of preventing HC generation caused by the post-injected fuel being discharged as it is, oil dilution by the post-injected fuel, etc., the post injection is performed at the timing so that the fuel is combusted inside the cylinder. In this case, in this embodiment, when the post-injected fuel is combusted, the generation of smoke and also HC (i.e., discharge of unburned fuel due to incomplete combustion) is prevented. For example, the time for the post-injected fuel to combust is extended as long as possible, i.e., ignition is caused in a state where air and fuel are suitably mixed, so that the generation of smoke and HC are prevented. Therefore, in the active DeNOx control, a suitable amount of EGR gas is introduced to effectively delay the ignition of the post-injected fuel.
Note that the reason for preventing the HC generation during the active DeNOx control is to prevent that, in the case where the EGR gas is introduced as described above, HC also recirculates to the intake system IN as EGR gas and this HC serves as a binder to combine with soot and clog the gas passage. In addition, when the active DeNOx control is executed within an operating range within which the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is low and HC purification performance (purification performance of HC due to DOC in the NOx catalyst 45) is not secured, the HC generation reduction is performed to prevent the HC from being discharged without being purified. The active DeNOx execution range R12 also includes a range where the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is relatively low and thus cannot secure such HC purification performance.
The reason for preventing smoke generation in the active DeNOx control is to prevent that, DPF regeneration for combusting and removing PM corresponding to smoke being captured by the DPF 46 (a control of performing post injection similar to the DeNOx control) is performed frequently and fuel consumption increases.
Incidentally, when the engine load becomes high, since the air introduced into the engine E is reduced to achieve the target air-fuel ratio, the amount of oxygen required for suitable combustion of the post-injected fuel becomes insufficient, and smoke and HC tend to be generated. Especially, as the engine load increases, the in-cylinder temperature rises and the post-injected fuel is ignited without sufficient time from the post injection of the fuel, i.e., combustion occurs before air and fuel are properly mixed, which causes the generation of smoke and HC. On the other hand, within an operating range where the engine load is considerably low, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is low and the NOx catalyst 45 does not perform the NOx reducing function sufficiently. In addition, within this range, the post-injected fuel does not suitably combust, i.e., a misfire occurs.
Although in the above description the phenomenon related to the engine load is described, the same phenomenon occurs with the engine speed.
Thus, in this embodiment, the operating range of the engine E corresponding to the medium load range and the medium speed range is adopted as the active DeNOx execution range R12 where the active DeNOx control is executed. In other words, in this embodiment, the active DeNOx control is executed only within the active DeNOx execution range R12 and is prohibited outside the active DeNOx execution range R12. Within the operating range where the active DeNOx control is prohibited, especially where the engine load or the engine speed is higher than within the active DeNOx execution range R12 (the range assigned with the reference character “R13”), since the NOx purification performance of the SCR catalyst 47 is sufficient, the SCR catalyst 47 purifies NOx, and the discharge of NOx from the vehicle is prevented without executing the DeNOx control.
Further in this embodiment, within a range where the engine load is higher than the range R13 where the SCR catalyst 47 purifies NOx (the range assigned with the reference character “R11”, hereinafter referred to as “passive DeNOx execution range R11”), since the amount of exhaust gas increases and the SCR catalyst 47 cannot purify all NOx, the passive DeNOx control is executed. In this passive DeNOx control, as described above, the post injection is performed at the timing so that the post-injected fuel is discharged from the cylinder to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel. Within the passive DeNOx execution range R11, since the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is sufficiently high and suitable purification performance of HC (HC purification performance of the DOC in the NOx catalyst 45) is secured, the NOx catalyst 45 properly purifies the unburned fuel discharged as described above.
Note that if the post-injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder in the passive DeNOx control as in the active DeNOx control, smoke is generated. The reason for this is similar to the reason for prohibiting execution of the active DeNOx control when the engine load becomes high. Therefore, in the passive DeNOx control, the post-injected fuel is discharged from the cylinder to the exhaust passage 41 as unburned fuel.
Here, a specific example of the active DeNOx control when the operating state of the engine changes as indicated by the arrow A11 in
Next, the temperature ranges within which the passive DeNOx control and the active DeNOx control are executed in this embodiment are described. Typically, the NOx catalyst 45 exerts the NOx purification performance within a comparatively low temperature range, and the SCR catalyst 47 exerts NOx purification performance within a comparatively high temperature range, e.g., higher than the range where the NOx catalyst 45 exerts the NOx purification performance. In this embodiment, the temperature close to a lowest value within the temperature range where the NOx purification rate higher than a given value is obtainable by the SCR catalyst 47 is used as a determination temperature (hereinafter, referred to as “SCR determination temperature”). The passive DeNOx control or the active DeNOx control is executed only when the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 (hereinafter, referred to as “SCR temperature”) is below the SCR determination temperature. If the SCR temperature is above the SCR determination temperature, the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is executed.
Next, a method of calculating the post injection amount applied in the DeNOx control (hereinafter, referred to as “DeNOx post injection amount”) in this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (hereinafter, referred to as “DeNOx post injection amount calculation process”) of
First, at S111, the PCM 60 acquires the operating state of the engine E. For example, the PCM 60 at least acquires the intake air amount (fresh air amount) detected by the airflow sensor 101, the oxygen concentration within the exhaust gas detected by the O2 sensor 111, and the main injection amount calculated at S104 of
Next, at S112, the PCM 60 sets a target air-fuel ratio applied for reducing NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 based on the ammonia adsorption amount in the SCR catalyst 47 acquired at S111. For example, the PCM 60 sets a target air-fuel ratio applied when executing the active DeNOx control, a target air-fuel ratio applied when executing the passive DeNOx control, and a target air-fuel ratio applied when executing the NH3-supplied DeNOx control, based on the ammonia adsorption amount in the SCR catalyst 47. A method of setting the target air-fuel ratios is described in detail with reference to
In
In
Typically, if the target air-fuel ratio is set at the rich side within the range R21, the amounts of HC and H2O supplied to the NOx catalyst 45, that is, the total amount of “H” component is increased and the generation of NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45 increases. In other words, when the target air-fuel ratio is set at the rich side within the range R21, in the case of discharging the unburned fuel into the exhaust gas by setting the post injection timing, HC and CO, etc. in the exhaust gas increase, or in the case of achieving the in-cylinder combustion of the post-injected fuel by setting the post injection timing, H2O and CO2, etc. in the exhaust gas increase so that the total amount of “H” component in the exhaust gas increases and the amount of NH3 generated in the NOx catalyst 45 also increases.
In consideration of this, in this embodiment, as illustrated in the graph G13, the target air-fuel ratio in the case of executing the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is set richer than the target air-fuel ratio in the case of executing the active DeNOx control. In the NH3-supplied DeNOx control, the total amount of “H” component supplied to the NOx catalyst 45 is increased, the amount of NH3 generated in the NOx catalyst 45 becomes easier to increase, and thus the amount of NH3 generated in the NOx catalyst 45 increases.
In the graph G13, when the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively small, the rich side of the target air-fuel ratio of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is set to a value close to the limit air-fuel ratio λ2 so that the total amount of “H” component in the exhaust gas increases and the NH3 generation amount in the NOx catalyst 45 increases. On the other hand, in the graph G13, when the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively large, the target air-fuel ratio of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is set to a value comparatively close to the theoretical air-fuel ratio within the rich-side range R21 corresponding to a lacking amount to a target adsorption amount of the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47. By setting the target air-fuel ratio of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control to approach the theoretical air-fuel ratio (approaches the lowest (leanest) value within the range R21) as the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 increases, the NOx catalyst 45 generates NH3 by an amount corresponding to the lacking amount to the target adsorption amount of the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47. Moreover, it is prevented that NH3 generated in the NOx catalyst 45 by the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is not sufficiently adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 and is released.
On the other hand, as illustrated in the graph G12, the target air-fuel ratio of the active DeNOx control is set so that the fuel injector 20 is controlled to perform the post injection so as to continuously control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio which is approximately equal to or smaller than a theoretical air-fuel ratio, in order to reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 to substantially zero. Therefore, under the condition that the active DeNOx control is executed (the condition, such as the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45), since the NOx catalyst 45 performs the NOx purification and the SCR catalyst 47 does not perform the NOx purification using NH3, in the active DeNOx control, the target air-fuel ratio is set without considering to intentionally generate NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45. Further in the active DeNOx control, due to the execution condition, etc., even if NH3 is generated in the NOx catalyst 45, the amount is comparatively small.
Further, as illustrated in the graph G11, the target air-fuel ratio of the passive DeNOx control is set so that when the air-fuel ratio becomes rich due to acceleration of the vehicle, the fuel injector 20 is controlled to perform the post injection so as to temporarily control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio, in order to reduce NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45. Therefore, under the condition that the passive DeNOx control is executed (the condition, such as the temperature of the NOx catalyst), since the NOx catalyst 45 performs the NOx purification and the SCR catalyst 47 does not perform the NOx purification using NH3, in the passive DeNOx control, the target air-fuel ratio is set without considering to intentionally generate NH3 in the NOx catalyst 45. Further in the passive DeNOx control, due to the execution condition etc., even if NH3 is generated in the NOx catalyst 45, the amount is comparatively small.
Here, a method of estimating the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 in this embodiment is briefly described. This ammonia adsorption amount estimation method is executed by the PCM 60.
First, the PCM 60 obtains the ammonia supply amount per unit time supplied to the SCR catalyst 47 by the urea injection by the urea injector 51 based on the exhaust gas state (e.g., the exhaust gas amount and the exhaust gas temperature), and the state of the SCR catalyst 47 (e.g., the SCR temperature). Further, the PCM 60 obtains the ammonia generation amount per unit time generated in the NOx catalyst 45 during the DeNOx control, based on the operating state of the engine E and the state of the NOx catalyst 45 (e.g., the NOx catalyst temperature and the NOx stored amount). Further, the PCM 60 obtains the consumed amount of ammonia per unit time by reducing and purifying NOx in the SCR catalyst 47 based on the exhaust gas state (e.g., the exhaust gas amount, the exhaust gas temperature, and the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas), and the state of the SCR catalyst 47 (e.g., the SCR temperature).
Then, the PCM 60 obtains the ammonia adsorption change amount per unit time (amount of change in the ammonia adsorption amount) in the SCR catalyst 47 based on the ammonia supply amount, the ammonia generation amount, and the ammonia consumption amount. For example, the PCM 60 obtains the ammonia adsorption change amount per unit of time based on “ammonia supply amount+ammonia generation amount−ammonia consumption amount.” Further, the PCM 60 applies the obtained ammonia adsorption change amount to the current ammonia adsorption amount, that is, the previously-estimated ammonia adsorption amount, to obtain the latest ammonia adsorption amount. For example, when the ammonia adsorption change amount is a positive value, the PCM 60 adds the ammonia adsorption change amount to the previously-estimated ammonia adsorption amount to obtain the latest ammonia adsorption amount (here, the ammonia adsorption amount increases). When the ammonia adsorption change amount is a negative value, the PCM 60 subtracts the ammonia adsorption change amount from the previously-estimated ammonia adsorption amount to obtain the latest ammonia adsorption amount (here, the ammonia adsorption amount reduces).
Note that although the example in which the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 is estimated is described above, in another example, the ammonia adsorption amount of the SCR catalyst 47 may be detected using a given sensor.
Returning to
Next, at S115, the PCM 60 calculates the post injection amount (DeNOx post injection amount) required in achieving the target air-fuel ratio set at S112. In other words, the PCM 60 determines the post injection amount required in addition to the main injection amount in order to bring the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to the target air-fuel ratio. In this case, the PCM 60 calculates the post injection amount for achieving the target air-fuel ratio when executing the active DeNOx control set at S112, the post injection amount for achieving the target air-fuel ratio when executing the passive DeNOx control set at S112, and the post injection amount for achieving the target air-fuel ratio when executing the NH3-supplied DeNOx control set at S112.
For example, the PCM 60 calculates the DeNOx post injection amount in consideration of the difference between the oxygen concentration (the oxygen concentration detected by the 02 sensor 111) acquired at S111 and the oxygen concentration calculated at S114. More specifically, based on the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas generated when the fuel injected in the main injection is combusted, the PCM 60 suitably performs feedback processing according to the difference between the detected oxygen concentration and the calculated oxygen concentration, and calculates the DeNOx post injection amount for controlling the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio. By calculating the DeNOx post injection amount as described above, the air-fuel ratio is accurately controlled to the target air-fuel ratio by the post injection in the DeNOx control, and the NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is reliably reduced.
Hereinafter, the active DeNOx control, the passive DeNOx control, and the NH3-supplied DeNOx control of this embodiment are described in detail.
First, setting of an active DeNOx control execution flag which is for determining whether to execute the active DeNOx control in this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (active DeNOx control execution flag setting process) of
First, at S201, the PCM 60 acquires various information of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least a NOx catalyst temperature, the SCR temperature, and the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45. Here, the NOx catalyst temperature is estimated, for example, based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 112 disposed immediately upstream of the NOx catalyst 45 (the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 113 disposed between the NOx catalyst 45 and the DPF 46 may also be used). The SCR temperature is estimated based on, for example, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 117 disposed immediately upstream of the SCR catalyst 47. The NOx stored amount is obtained by estimating the amounts of NOx within the exhaust gas based on the operating state of the engine E, the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas, etc., and integrating the NOx amounts.
Next, at S202, the PCM 60 determines whether the SCR temperature acquired at S201 is below an SCR determination temperature. If the SCR temperature is below the SCR determination temperature (S202: YES), the process proceeds to S203. On the other hand, if the SCR temperature is above the SCR determination temperature (S202: NO), the process proceeds to S209. In this case, since the SCR catalyst 47 suitably purifies NOx within the exhaust gas, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the active DeNOx control (S209). Then, the process ends.
At S203, the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx catalyst temperature acquired at S201 is above a given temperature. When the NOx catalyst temperature is low, even if the air-fuel ratio is controlled to the target air-fuel ratio, the NOx catalyst 45 hardly reduces the stored NOx. Therefore, at S203, whether the NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is reducible is determined. The given temperature used in the determination of S203 is set based on the NOx catalyst temperature at which the NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is reducible. If the NOx catalyst temperature is above the given temperature (S203: YES), the process proceeds to S204. On the other hand, when the NOx catalyst temperature is below the given temperature (S203: NO), the process proceeds to S209. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the active DeNOx control (S209).
At S204, the PCM 60 determines whether the active DeNOx control has been executed even once after an engine start. The determination of S204 is performed so that if the active DeNOx control has not been executed after the engine start, the execution condition of the active DeNOx control is loosened compared to the case where the active DeNOx control has been executed, so as to preferentially execute the active DeNOx control. For example, if the active DeNOx control has been executed, the execution condition of S207 and the execution condition of S208, which are comparatively strict, are used, whereas if the active DeNOx control has not been executed, only the execution condition of S205 which is comparatively loose is used (these are described later in detail). If the active DeNOx control has not been executed (S204: YES), the process proceeds to S205.
At S205, the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx stored amount acquired at S201 is above a first stored amount determination value. For example, the first stored amount determination value is set to a value somewhat lower than the limit value of the NOx stored amount. If the NOx stored amount is above the first stored amount determination value (S205: YES), the process proceeds to S206. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “1” to permit execution of the active DeNOx control (S206). In this manner, by executing the active DeNOx control after the engine start to somewhat forcibly reduce the NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45, the NOx purification performance of the NOx catalyst 45 is reliably secured. On the other hand, when the NOx stored amount is smaller than the first stored amount determination value (S205: NO), the process proceeds to S209. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit unnecessary execution of the active DeNOx control (S209). Then, the process ends.
On the other hand, if the active DeNOx control has been executed after the engine start (S204: NO), the process proceeds to S207 where the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx stored amount acquired at S201 is above a second stored amount determination value. The second stored amount determination value is applied as a value at least higher than the first stored amount determination value, for example, the second stored amount determination value is set to a value close to (such as two-third of) the limit value of the NOx stored amount. If the NOx stored amount is above the second stored amount determination value (S207: YES), the process proceeds to S208. On the other hand, if the NOx stored amount is smaller than the second stored amount determination value (S207: NO), the process proceeds to S209. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit unnecessary execution of the active DeNOx control (S209). Then, the process ends.
At S208, the PCM 60 determines whether a traveling distance of the vehicle from the previous execution time point of the active DeNOx control is longer than a given determination distance. If this traveling distance is longer than the determination distance (S208: YES), the process proceeds to S206. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “1” to permit execution of the active DeNOx control (S206). By doing so, the active DeNOx control is executed to forcibly reduce a large amount of NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45, thus the NOx purification performance of the NOx catalyst 45 is reliably secured. On the other hand, if the traveling distance is less than the determination distance (S208: NO), the process proceeds to S209. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the active DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the active DeNOx control (S209). Then, the process ends.
When the active DeNOx control is executed in a situation where the traveling distance from the previous execution time point of the active DeNOx control is short (i.e., the execution interval of the active DeNOx control is short), the possibility of oil dilution due to the post injection occurring becomes high. Therefore, in this embodiment, when this traveling distance is shorter than the determination distance (S208: NO), execution of the active DeNOx control is prohibited and oil dilution due to the post injection in the active DeNOx control is prevented. On the other hand, if the traveling distance from the previous execution time point of the active DeNOx control is long (i.e. the execution interval of the active DeNOx control is long), even if the active DeNOx control is to be executed, the possibility of oil dilution occurring due to the post injection is low. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the traveling distance from the previous execution time point of the active DeNOx control is longer than the determination distance (S208: YES), execution of the active DeNOx control is permitted.
Further in this embodiment, in consideration of progression in vaporization of post-injected fuel and oil dilution being less likely to occur as the in-cylinder temperature rises, the determination distance used at S208 is set small as the in-cylinder temperature rises to loosen the limitation on the control corresponding to the traveling distance from the previous execution time point of the active DeNOx control.
Next, setting of a passive DeNOx control execution flag which is for determining whether to execute the passive DeNOx control in this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (passive DeNOx control execution flag setting process) of
First, at S301, the PCM 60 acquires various information of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least the NOx catalyst temperature, the SCR temperature, the target torque determined in the fuel injection control process illustrated in
At S301, the PCM 60 also acquires the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control within a given period. For example, the PCM 60 acquires the number of times the passive DeNOx control is executed within a given period (e.g., several seconds or several minutes) as the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control.
Next, at S302, the PCM 60 determines whether the SCR temperature acquired at S301 is below the SCR determination temperature. If the SCR temperature is below the SCR determination temperature (S302: YES), the process proceeds to S303. On the other hand, if the SCR temperature is above the SCR determination temperature (S302: NO), the process proceeds to S308. In this case, since the SCR catalyst 47 suitably purifies NOx within the exhaust gas, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the passive DeNOx control (S308). Then, the process ends.
Next, at S303, the PCM 60 determines whether the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control acquired at S301 is below a given frequency determination value. If the execution frequency is below the frequency determination value (S303: YES), the process proceeds to S304. On the other hand, if the execution frequency is above the frequency determination value (S303: NO), the process proceeds to S308. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the passive DeNOx control (S308).
If the passive DeNOx control is executed in a situation where the passive DeNOx control has been carried out comparatively frequently, there is a high possibility that oil dilution occurs due to the post injection. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control is above the frequency determination value (S303: NO), execution of the passive DeNOx control is prohibited so as to prevent oil dilution due to the post injection of the passive DeNOx control. On the other hand, in a situation where the passive DeNOx control has hardly been carried out (i.e., the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control is comparatively low), even if the passive DeNOx control is executed, the possibility of oil dilution occurring due to the post injection is low. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control is below the frequency determination value (S303: YES), execution of the passive DeNOx control is allowed.
In this embodiment, the frequency determination value used at S303 is set higher as the in-cylinder temperature rises. When the frequency determination value is high, there is a higher possibility that the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control becomes less than the frequency determination value (S303: YES) than when the frequency determination value is low. Therefore, in this embodiment, the limitation on the control corresponding to the execution frequency of the passive DeNOx control is loosened as the in-cylinder temperature rises. This is because vaporization of the post-injected fuel progresses and oil dilution becomes less likely to occur as the in-cylinder temperature rises.
Next, at S304, whether the NOx stored amount acquired at S301 is above a third stored amount determination value. For example, the third stored amount determination value is set to a value of about one-third of the limit value of the NOx stored amount. If the NOx stored amount is above the third stored amount determination value (S304: YES), the process proceeds to S305. On the other hand, if the NOx stored amount is below the third stored amount determination value (S304: NO), the process proceeds to S308. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “0” (S308) so as to prohibit unnecessary execution of the passive DeNOx control and prevent the fuel consumption increase caused by the passive DeNOx control. Then, the process ends.
At S305, the PCM 60 determines whether the active DeNOx control execution flag acquired at S301 is “0.” In other words, the PCM 60 determines whether to execute the active DeNOx control. If the active DeNOx control execution flag is “0” (S305: YES), the process proceeds to S306. On the other hand, if the active DeNOx control execution flag is not “0,” i.e., if it is “1” (S305: NO), the process proceeds to S308. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the passive DeNOx control and preferentially executes the active DeNOx control (S308). In other words, even if the execution condition of the passive DeNOx control is satisfied, when the execution condition of the active DeNOx control is satisfied, the active DeNOx control is preferentially executed. Then, the process ends.
At S306, the PCM 60 determines whether the DeNOx post injection amount acquired at S301 is smaller than a first post injection amount determination value. In other words, whether the air-fuel ratio drops to a given value on the rich side in the current situation, i.e., whether the vehicle is in a given acceleration state. In this manner, whether the DeNOx control is executable while preventing the fuel consumption increase as much as possible is determined and whether there is a possibility of oil dilution occurring due to the post injection is determined. The first post injection amount determination value to be applied for the determination at S306 is set in view of the above.
If the DeNOx post injection amount is smaller than the first post injection amount determination value (S306: YES), the process proceeds to S307. In this case, the conditions of S302 to S306 described above are all satisfied, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “1” to permit execution of the passive DeNOx control (S307). Then, the process ends. On the other hand, if the DeNOx post injection amount is above the first post injection amount determination value (S306: NO), the process proceeds to S308. In this case, the PCM 60 sets the passive DeNOx control execution flag to “0” to prohibit execution of the passive DeNOx control and prevent the fuel consumption increase and oil dilution (S308). Then, the process ends.
Next, setting of an NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag used for determining whether to execute the NH3-supplied DeNOx control in this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag setting process) of
First, at S601, the PCM 60 acquires from the DCU 70 various information of the vehicle and various information of the system for injecting urea from the urea injector 51 to the SCR catalyst 47. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least the information related to the outdoor temperature of the vehicle and freezing of urea inside the urea tank 55. The information related to freezing of urea inside the urea tank 55 is, for example, the temperature of urea inside the urea tank 55, and the temperature of urea is measured or estimated based on the temperature detected by the urea temperature sensor 59 provided to the urea tank 55.
Next, at S602, the PCM 60 determines whether urea inside the urea tank 55 is normally injectable from the urea injector 51. For example, the PCM 60 determines whether urea is frozen inside the urea tank 55 based on the outdoor temperature of the vehicle or the temperature of urea inside the urea tank 55. When it is determined that urea is frozen inside the urea tank 55, the PCM 60 starts the urea path heater 57 and the urea tank heater 61 to start heating urea. The urea path heater 57 and the urea tank heater 61 keep heating urea until urea melts inside the urea tank 55 and normally injectable from the urea injector 51.
Meanwhile, if the urea cannot be normally injected from the urea injector 51 (S602: YES), the process proceeds to S603. At S602, examples of the case where urea cannot be normally injected from the urea injector 51 include a case where the urea is completely or partially frozen inside the urea tank 55 and urea cannot be injected from the urea injector 51, a case where the urea tank 55 is empty, a case where the actual urea injection amount from the urea injector 51 is smaller than the urea injection amount from the urea injector 51 calculated by the PCM 60, and a case where the urea supply path 53 or the urea sending pump 54 which supply urea from the urea tank 55 to the urea injector 51 is broken and cannot supply urea. On the other hand, if urea is injectable from the urea injector 51 (S602: NO), the process proceeds to S606. In this case, since the SCR catalyst 47 suitably purifies NOx in the exhaust gas, the PCM 60 sets the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag to “0” so as to prohibit execution of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (S606), and the process ends.
Note that at S602, as another example for determining whether urea inside the urea tank 55 is normally injectable from the urea injector 51, the urea supply path pressure sensor 56 provided in the urea supply path 53 may determine whether the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is not normally performed, by detecting a pressure change when urea passes through the urea supply path 53. In this case, when the urea supply path pressure sensor 56 detects no pressure change caused by the urea flowing on the urea supply path 53 (S602: YES), the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined as not normally performed, and the process proceeds to S603. If the urea supply path pressure sensor 56 detects the pressure change caused by the urea flowing on the urea supply path 53 (S602: NO), the process proceeds to S606. In this case, since the SCR catalyst 47 suitably purifies NOx in the exhaust gas, the PCM 60 sets the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag to “0” so as to prohibit execution of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (S606), and the process ends.
If urea cannot be injected from the urea injector 51, the PCM 60 activates the urea tank heater 61 to heat up and melt frozen urea inside the urea tank 55. When urea thus becomes injectable from the urea injector 51, the process proceeds to S606.
Next, at S603, the PCM 60 acquires an estimated value of the amount of NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47, and proceeds to S604.
Next, at S604, the PCM 60 determines whether the estimated value of the NH3 adsorption amount in the SCR catalyst 47 is below a given threshold.
If the estimated value of the NH3 adsorption amount is below a given threshold (S604: YES), the process proceeds to S605. In this case, since all the conditions at S602 to S604 are satisfied, the PCM 60 sets the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag to “1” so as to permit execution of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (S605). Then, the process ends.
On the other hand, if the estimated value of the adsorption amount of NH3 is above the given threshold (S604: NO), the process proceeds to S606. In this case, since the SCR catalyst 47 suitably purifies NOx in the exhaust gas, the PCM 60 sets the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag to “0” so as to prohibit execution of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (S606), and the process ends.
Next, the active DeNOx control of this embodiment executed based on the active DeNOx control execution flag set as described above is described with reference to the flowchart (active DeNOx control process) of
First, at S401, the PCM 60 acquires various information of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 at least acquires the engine load, the engine speed, the NOx catalyst temperature, the DeNOx post-injection amount calculated in the DeNOx post injection amount calculation process illustrated in
Next, at S402, the PCM 60 determines whether the active DeNOx control execution flag acquired at S401 is “1.” In other words, the PCM 60 determines whether the active DeNOx control is to be executed. If the active DeNOx control execution flag is “1” (S402: YES), the process proceeds to S403. On the other hand, if the active DeNOx control execution flag is “0” (S402: NO), the process is terminated without executing the active DeNOx control.
At S403, the PCM 60 determines whether the operating state of the engine (engine load and engine speed) is within the active DeNOx execution range R12 (see
Next, at S405, the PCM 60 sets the post injection timing applied in the active DeNOx control. The method of setting the post injection timing is described in detail with reference to
Next, the methods of setting the post injection timings applied in the active DeNOx control and the NH3-supplied DeNOx control are specifically described with reference to the chart of
In this embodiment, when executing the active DeNOx control, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to the target air-fuel ratio by combusting the post-injected fuel inside the cylinder. To combust the post-injected fuel inside the cylinder, the post injection may be performed at a comparatively advanced timing on the expansion stroke. However, if the post injection timing is excessively advanced, ignition occurs before air and fuel are suitably mixed, and smoke is generated. Therefore, in this embodiment, the post injection timing is suitably set on the advance side, specifically, a suitable timing in the early half of the expansion stroke is adopted as the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control, and a suitable amount of EGR gas is introduced in the active DeNOx control. Thus, the ignition of post-injected fuel is delayed to prevent the generation of smoke, etc. In this embodiment, as illustrated in
Further, in this embodiment, as illustrated in the graphs G21, G22, and G23, the post injection timing is advanced, i.e., the retarding amount of the post injection timing is reduced, as the engine speed becomes higher. When the engine speed is high, if the fuel is injected at the same crank angle as when the engine speed is low, a misfire may occur due to the short period of time for the fuel to ignite. Therefore, in this embodiment, the post injection timing is advanced as the engine speed increases so as to secure the combustion stability.
Returning to
Next, at S406, the PCM 60 determines whether the DeNOx post injection amount acquired at S401 is smaller than the second post injection amount determination value. The second post injection amount determination value is set larger than the first post injection amount determination value (see S306 in
If the DeNOx post injection amount is smaller than the second post injection amount determination value (S406: YES), the process proceeds to S407 where the PCM 60 controls the fuel injector 20 to perform the post injection with the DeNOx post injection amount acquired at S401. The PCM 60 actually performs the processing of S407 at S106 of the fuel injection control process illustrated in
On the other hand, if the DeNOx post injection amount is above the second post injection amount determination value (S406: NO), the process proceeds to S408. At S408, the PCM 60 reduces the oxygen concentration of air introduced into the engine E so as to control the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio by using the post injection amount which is below the second post injection amount determination value (specifically, the second post injection amount determination value itself is applied as the DeNOx post injection amount). In this case, the PCM 60 executes at least one of a control for narrowing the opening of the intake shutter valve 7, a control for increasing the EGR gas amount, and a control for lowering the turbocharging pressure by the turbocharger 5, so as to reduce the oxygen concentration of the air introduced into the engine E, i.e., reduce the charging amount. For example, the PCM 60 obtains the turbocharging pressure required for controlling the air-fuel ratio to the target air-fuel ratio by using the DeNOx post injection amount to which the second post injection amount determination value is applied. The PCM 60 reduces the opening of the intake shutter valve 7 to be a desired opening based on the actual turbocharging pressure (the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 108) and the EGR gas amount so as to achieve this turbocharging pressure. Then, the process proceeds to S409.
Note that the intake shutter valve 7 is fully opened in the normal operating state of the engine E, whereas during DeNOx, DPF regeneration, idle operation, etc., the opening of the intake shutter valve 7 is typically a given basic opening. In the operating state where the EGR gas is not introduced, the intake shutter valve 7 is feedback-controlled based on the turbocharging pressure.
At S409, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injector 20 to perform the post injection by applying the second post injection amount determination value to the DeNOx post injection amount, i.e., setting the DeNOx post injection amount to be the second post injection amount determination value. The PCM 60 actually performs the processing of S409 at S106 of the fuel injection control process illustrated in
At S410, the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx stored amount in the NOx catalyst 45 is substantially zero. For example, the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx stored amount is substantially zero when the NOx stored amount estimated based on the operating state of the engine E, the flow rate of the exhaust gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas, etc. becomes substantially zero and the detection value of the NOx sensor 116 disposed immediately downstream of the DPF 46 changes (S410: YES). Then the process ends. Here, the PCM 60 ends the active DeNOx control process. The PCM 60 further resets the NOx stored amount used in the active DeNOx control process and the active DeNOx control execution flag setting process in
On the other hand, when the NOx stored amount is not substantially zero (S410: NO), the process returns to S403. In this case, the PCM 60 continues the active DeNOx control. In other words, the PCM 60 continues the active DeNOx control until the NOx stored amount becomes substantially zero. Particularly, even if the execution condition of the active DeNOx control (e.g., the condition of S403) is not satisfied during the active DeNOx control and the active DeNOx control is suspended, when the execution condition of the active DeNOx control is satisfied thereafter, the PCM 60 promptly resumes the active DeNOx control to bring the NOx stored amount to substantially zero.
Here, the NOx stored amount is determinable as substantially zero based on the detection value of the NOx sensor 116 because of the following reason. Since the NOx sensor 116 also functions as an oxygen concentration sensor, the detection value of the NOx sensor 116 corresponds to the air-fuel ratio reaches the NOx sensor 116. While the NOx catalyst 45 performs reduction, i.e., when the NOx stored amount is not substantially zero, oxygen generated by reducing NOx reaches the NOx sensor 116. On the other hand, when the NOx stored amount becomes substantially zero, such oxygen generated by reduction is no longer reaches the NOx sensor 116. Therefore, at the timing when the NOx stored amount becomes substantially zero, the air-fuel ratio reached the NOx sensor 116 reduces, thus the detection value of the NOx sensor 116 changes.
Next, the passive DeNOx control executed based on the passive DeNOx control execution flag set as described above is described with reference to the flowchart (passive DeNOx control process) of
First, at S501, the PCM 60 acquires various information of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least the DeNOx post injection amount calculated in the DeNOx post injection amount calculation process illustrated in
Next, at S502, the PCM 60 determines whether the passive DeNOx control execution flag acquired at S501 is “1.” In other words, the PCM 60 determines whether the passive DeNOx control is to be executed. If the passive DeNOx control execution flag is “1” (S502: YES), the process proceeds to S503. On the other hand, if the passive DeNOx control execution flag is “0” (S502: NO), the process is terminated without executing the passive DeNOx control.
Next, at S503, the PCM 60 controls the fuel injector 20 to perform the post injection with the DeNOx post injection amount acquired at S501, i.e., executes the passive DeNOx control. Actually, the PCM 60 performs the processing of S503 at S106 of the fuel injection control process illustrated in
At S504, the PCM 60 determines whether the passive DeNOx control execution flag is “0.” If the passive DeNOx control execution flag is “0” (S504: YES), the process ends. In this case, the PCM 60 ends the passive DeNOx control process. On the other hand, if the passive DeNOx control execution flag is not “0” (S504: NO), i.e., if the passive DeNOx control execution flag is maintained at “1,” the process returns to S503. In this case, the PCM 60 continues the passive DeNOx control process. In other words, the PCM 60 continues the passive DeNOx control until the passive DeNOx control execution flag switches from “1” to “0.”
Next, the NH3-supplied DeNOx control executed based on the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag set as described above in this embodiment is described with reference to the flowchart (NH3-supplied DeNOx control process) of
First, at S701, the PCM 60 acquires various information of the vehicle. For example, the PCM 60 acquires at least the engine load, the engine speed, the NOx catalyst temperature, the SCR temperature, the DeNOx post injection amount calculated in the DeNOx post injection amount calculation process illustrated in
Next, at S702, the PCM 60 determines whether the NOx catalyst temperature acquired at S701 is within a given temperature range corresponding to a range where the NOx purification rate of the NOx catalyst 45 is comparatively high (a comparatively low temperature range of the NOx catalyst 45). In other words, the PCM 60 determines whether NOx is to be purified by the NOx catalyst 45 (whether the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is comparatively low) or by the SCR catalyst 47 (the temperature of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively high). Note that at S702, the PCM 60 may determine whether the SCR temperature acquired at S701 is within a given temperature range corresponding to a range where the NOx purification rate of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively high (a comparatively low temperature range of the SCR catalyst 47).
If the NOx catalyst temperature is outside the given temperature range (and/or the SCR temperature is within the given temperature range) (S702: NO), the process proceeds to S703. On the other hand, if the NOx catalyst temperature is within the temperature range (and/or the SCR temperature is outside the given temperature range) (S702: YES), the process proceeds to determining whether to execute the active DeNOx control or the passive DeNOx control.
In other words, when the SCR temperature is within the given temperature range corresponding to the range where the NOx purification rate of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively high, even if the NOx purification rate of the NOx catalyst 45 somewhat decreases, the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (described later) which is effective in generating NH3 is executed. Note that within the range where the NOx purification rate of the SCR catalyst 47 is comparatively high, even if the NOx purification rate of the NOx catalyst 45 somewhat decreases, since the NOx is effectively purified by the SCR catalyst 47 further downstream of the NOx catalyst 45, the NOx purification performance is maintained.
Next, at S703, the PCM 60 determines whether the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag acquired at S701 is “1.” In other words, the PCM 60 determines whether the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is to be executed. If the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag is “1” (S703: YES), the process proceeds to S704. On the other hand, if the NH3-supplied DeNOx control execution flag is “0” (S703: NO), the process returns to S701 without executing the NH3-supplied DeNOx control.
Next, at S704, the PCM 60 determines whether the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is below a target temperature. If the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 has reached the target temperature, generation of NH3 on the NOx catalyst 45 by the combination of “N” component (nitrogen component) and “H” component (hydrogen component) in the exhaust gas is stimulated, and it becomes easy for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst 45. Therefore, even in the case of executing the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control applying the post injection timing which is substantially the same as the active DeNOx control, a larger amount of NH3 than the amount of NH3 generated by the NOx catalyst 45 in the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control is generated and a comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47. As the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 rises, the generation of NH3 is stimulated and the NH3 generation amount is increased.
If the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is below the target temperature (S704: YES), the process proceeds to S705. On the other hand, if the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is above the target temperature (S704: NO), the process proceeds to S709.
At S705, the PCM 60 sets the post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control to a second post injection timing that is retarded from the post injection timing in the normal NOx reduction control, e.g., the active DeNOx control. Then the process proceeds to S706.
As illustrated in
Here, the case of setting the post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control (the post injection timing of the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control during the NH3-supplied DeNOx control) to the timing retarded from the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control is described.
When the engine speed is low, the retarded post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is as illustrated by the graph H21 on the retarded side of the graph G21. When the engine speed is medium, the retarded post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is as illustrated by the graph H22 on the retarded side of the graph G22. When the engine speed is high, the retarded post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is as illustrated by the graph H23 on the retarded side of the graph G23. The graphs H21 to H23 are merely imaginary graphs for illustrative purpose, and the graphs H21 to H23 on the retarded side of the graphs G21 to G23, respectively, are calculated by the PCM 60 as values retarded by about several degrees. The retarded post injection timing of the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is also applied to the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control other than the graphs G21 to G23.
In this manner, when executing the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control during the NH3-supplied DeNOx control by applying the post injection timing retarded from the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control, a larger amount of unburned fuel than that in the exhaust passage 41 in the active DeNOx control is supplied to the exhaust passage 41. Thus, unburned fuel contained in the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 41 and HC contained in the unburned fuel are increased so that the amount of HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst of the NOx catalyst 45 is increased.
The PCM 60 determines the retarded amount of the post injection timing in the NH3-supplied DeNOx control to be larger when the engine load is low than when the engine load is high (or medium). For example, when the engine speed is low, as illustrated in the graphs G21 and H21, the retarded amount of the post injection timing in the NH3-supplied DeNOx control is determined so that a retarded amount A1 when the engine load is low is larger than a retarded amount A2 when the engine load is high (or medium). In this manner, when the engine load is low, the amount of unburned fuel contained in the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage 41 is increased, while, when the engine load is high, the exhaust gas temperature is prevented from rising due to excessive retarding of the post injection timing and from thus affecting the reliability of other parts in the exhaust passage 41.
Further, only when the engine load is low, the PCM 60 executes the NH3-supplied DeNOx control applying the post injection timing retarded from the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control. In this manner, only when the engine load is low, a larger amount of unburned fuel than that in the exhaust passage 41 in the active DeNOx control is supplied to the exhaust passage 41 by retarding the post injection timing. Moreover, when the engine load is high, the exhaust gas temperature is prevented from rising due to excessive retarding of the post injection timing and from thus affecting the reliability of other parts in the exhaust passage 41.
Further, the PCM 60 determines the retarded amount of the post injection timing in the NH3-supplied DeNOx control so that the retarded amount is larger when the engine speed is low than when the engine speed is high. For example, the retarded amount A1 from the graph G21 to the graph H21 when the engine speed is low is determined to be larger than a retarded amount A3 from the graph G22 to the graph H22 when the engine speed is medium. Moreover, the retarded amount A1 is determined to be larger than a retarded amount A4 from the graph G23 to the graph H23 when the engine speed is high. In this manner, when the engine speed is high, the exhaust temperature is prevented from rising due to excessive retarding of the post injection timing and from thus affecting the reliability of other parts in the exhaust passage 41.
Further, only when the engine speed is low, the PCM 60 executes the NH3-supplied DeNOx control applying the post injection timing retarded from the post injection timing of the active DeNOx control. In this manner, only when the engine speed is low, the post injection timing is retarded and a larger amount of unburned fuel than that in the exhaust passage 41 in the active DeNOx control is supplied to the exhaust passage 41. Moreover, when the engine speed is high, the exhaust gas temperature is prevented from rising due to excessive retarding of the post injection timing and from thus affecting the reliability of other parts in the exhaust passage 41.
Note that the PCM 60 may set the retarded amount of the post injection timing in the NH3-supplied DeNOx control so that the post injected fuel is combusted inside the cylinder of the engine. Here, discharge of the post-injected fuel as unburned fuel or engine oil dilution due to the post-injected fuel is prevented.
At S706, the PCM 60 starts the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is enriched to the second target air-fuel ratio which is richer than the first target air-fuel ratio. Here, the first target air-fuel ratio is a target air-fuel ratio set in the active DeNOx control and at which NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is reducible. As illustrated in
At S706, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at the second post injection timing set at S705. As illustrated in
Thus, the PCM 60 executes the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control in which a larger amount of unburned fuel than that in the exhaust passage in the active DeNOx control is supplied to the exhaust passage and the exhaust gas of which air-fuel ratio is enriched to the second target air-fuel ratio is supplied to the exhaust passage 41. Then, the process proceeds to S707.
At S707, the PCM 60 determines whether HC contained in the unburned fuel within the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage is supplied to (or adsorbed by) the oxidation catalyst 45a by a required amount for raising the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 to the target temperature. If the required amount of HC for the temperature rise is supplied to (or adsorbed by) the oxidation catalyst 45a (S707: YES), the process proceeds to S708. On the other hand, if HC is not supplied by the required amount (S707: NO), the process returns to S706.
At S708, the PCM 60 executes a lean air-fuel ratio operation control by stopping (suspending) the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control to bring the operating state of the engine to a normal operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio λ1 (where the NOx reduction control is not executed). In the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, the amount of oxygen supplied to the exhaust gas increases, and heat is generated by the oxidation between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a. Thus, the temperature of the oxidation catalyst 45a rises by the heat of reaction and the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 provided with the oxidation catalyst 45a also rises by this heat of reaction.
Note that the PCM 60 may achieve the lean air-fuel ratio operation control by stopping the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control to bring the operating state of the engine to a different operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio. Further, the PCM 60 may achieve the lean air-fuel ratio operation control by bringing the operating state of the engine to a different operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the target air-fuel ratio. Simply by stopping the air-fuel-ratio enriched NOx reduction control, the PCM 60 switches the control from the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio is enriched to the lean air-fuel ratio operation control in which the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the target air-fuel ratio, and executes it. Further, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst 45a and the NOx catalyst 45 are raised comparatively easily by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a.
At S708, the PCM 60 maintains the state where the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control is stopped and the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is executed until a given termination condition is satisfied. The given termination condition includes, for example, lapse of reaction time which is calculated based on the estimated value of the supply amount of HC supplied to the oxidation catalyst 45a and is assumed to be required for completing the reaction between HC and oxygen. By executing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control until this reaction time elapses, substantially all of HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a is effectively consumed to react with oxygen so as to raise the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45. Further, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is executed for the amount of HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a, and the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is effectively raised. The control for executing the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control at S705 to S707 and then executing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control at S708 to raise the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is referred to as the temperature raising control. In other words, the temperature raising control includes the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control and the lean air-fuel ratio operation control. After the given reaction time elapses, the PCM 60 terminates the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control and the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and the process proceeds to S711.
Next, at S711, the PCM 60 determines whether the estimated value of the adsorption amount of NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 has reached a given value.
If the estimated value of the adsorption amount of NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 has reached the given value (S711: YES), the PCM 60 terminates the NH3-supplied DeNOx control in which NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47, and the process returns to S701.
On the other hand, if the estimated value of the adsorption amount of NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 has not reached the given value (S711: NO), the process returns to S702.
Then, the process proceeds from S703 to S704. If the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is below the target temperature (S704: YES), the process again proceeds to S705. Thus, the temperature raising control including the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control and the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is repeated until the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 reaches the target temperature at which the NH3 generation becomes easy.
At S704, if the PCM 60 determines that the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is above the target temperature (S704: NO), the process proceeds to S709 without executing the temperature raising control.
Next, at S709, in the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control, the PCM 60 sets the post injection timing same as (not retarded from) the post injection timing in the normal NOx reduction control, e.g., the active DeNOx control. Then the process proceeds to S710.
At S710, the PCM 60 starts the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is enriched to the second target air-fuel ratio which is richer than the first target air-fuel ratio. Here, the first target air-fuel ratio is a target air-fuel ratio set in the active DeNOx control and at which NOx stored in the NOx catalyst 45 is reducible. As illustrated in
At S710, the PCM 60 performs the post injection at the first post injection timing set at S709. As illustrated in
Therefore, the PCM 60 prevents the supply of unburned fuel to the exhaust passage at the first post injection timing as same as in the active DeNOx control basically so as to perform the in-cylinder combustion. The PCM 60 also executes the air-fuel-ratio-enriched NOx reduction control in which the exhaust gas of which air-fuel ratio is enriched to the second target air-fuel ratio is supplied to the exhaust passage. Then the process proceeds to S711.
According to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of the embodiment described above, when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NOx reduction control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is enriched, and then performs the lean air-fuel ratio operation control in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes leaner than the target air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst 45a and the NOx catalyst 45 are raised by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a. By performing the NOx reduction control again in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst 45 and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47. Therefore, when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst 47 to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst 47 is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is performed by stopping the NOx reduction control to bring the operating state of the engine to the normal operating state where the air-fuel ratio becomes leaner than the theoretical air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is performed by a comparatively simple control, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst 45a and the NOx catalyst 45 are raised comparatively easily by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a, and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, the NOx reduction controlling module repeatedly performs the temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst 45 by performing the NOx reduction control and then performing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, until the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 reaches the target temperature. After the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 reaches the target temperature, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NOx reduction control without performing the temperature raising control. In other words, the NOx reduction control is performed in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised to the target temperature at which the NH3 generation becomes easy. Thus, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst 45 and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, the NOx reduction controlling module starts the lean air-fuel ratio operation control after the estimated value of the supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst 45a of the NOx catalyst 45 reaches the given value corresponding to a required amount for raising the temperature to the target temperature. Therefore, the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst 45a and the NOx catalyst 45 are raised to the target temperatures by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a. Thus, the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised toward the target temperature in the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, by performing the NOx reduction control in the state where the temperature of the NOx catalyst 45 is raised to the target temperature at which the NH3 generation becomes easy, it becomes easier for NH3 to be generated in the NOx catalyst 45 and the comparatively large amount of NH3 is supplied from the NOx catalyst 45 to the SCR catalyst 47.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, the lean air-fuel ratio operation control is terminated when the reaction time which is calculated based on the estimated value of the supply amount of HC to the oxidation catalyst 45a of the NOx catalyst 45 and is assumed to be required for completing the reaction between HC and oxygen elapses. Thus, HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a effectively reacts with oxygen during the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, and the temperatures of the oxidation catalyst 45a and the NOx catalyst 45 are efficiently raised by the reaction between oxygen and HC adsorbed by the oxidation catalyst 45a.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, only when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal, the temperature raising control of the NOx catalyst 45 is performed by performing the NOx reduction control and then performing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control. Therefore, other than when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal, the NOx reduction control is reliably performed without performing the lean air-fuel ratio operation control and the temperature raising control accompanied thereby.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, when urea supplied to the urea injector 51 is frozen, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst 47 to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst 47 is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, when performing the NOx reduction control after the lean air-fuel ratio operation control, the post injection timing in the NOx reduction control is set so that the fuel injected in the post injection is combusted inside the cylinder of the engine. Therefore, discharge of the post-injected fuel as unburned fuel or oil dilution due to the post-injected fuel is prevented.
Further, according to the exhaust emission control system of the engine of this embodiment, when the urea injection by the urea injector 51 is determined to be abnormal in the case where the temperature of the exhaust gas is comparatively high and NOx within the exhaust gas is required to be purified by the SCR catalyst 47, the NOx reduction controlling module performs the NH3-supplied NOx reduction control. Therefore, it is prevented that NH3 adsorbed by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes insufficient for the SCR catalyst 47 to purify NOx, and the adsorption amount of NH3 in the SCR catalyst 47 is increased so that the purification rate of NOx within exhaust gas by the SCR catalyst 47 becomes higher. Thus, the NOx discharge amount is reduced.
It should be understood that the embodiments herein are illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that fall within metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds thereof, are therefore intended to be embraced by the claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-152479 | Aug 2016 | JP | national |
