Patent Grant
11374692
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. Especially, the present invention relates to manage a retransmission counter in a wireless communication system
Introduction of new radio communication technologies has led to increases in the number of user equipments (UEs) to which a base station (BS) provides services in a prescribed resource region, and has also led to increases in the amount of data and control information that the BS transmits to the UEs. Due to typically limited resources available to the BS for communication with the UE(s), new techniques are needed by which the BS utilizes the limited radio resources to efficiently receive/transmit uplink/downlink data and/or uplink/downlink control information. In particular, overcoming delay or latency has become an important challenge in applications whose performance critically depends on delay/latency.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of managing a retransmission counter in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefore.
The object of the present invention can be achieved by providing a method for performing retransmissions by a transmission end in a wireless communication system including: re-transmitting a data unit to a reception end; and increasing a retransmission counter associated with the data unit, when the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to a max value, reporting a max retransmission indication to an upper layer and setting the retransmission counter associated with the data unit to zero.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system comprises a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to re-transmit a data unit to a network, and increase a retransmission counter associated with the data unit, when the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to a max value, the at least one processor is configured to report a max retransmission indication to an upper layer and set the retransmission counter associated with the data unit to zero.
Preferably, when the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to the max value, a retransmission counter associated with another data unit is also set to zero. In this case, the data unit and the another data unit are service data units (SDUs) included in the same protocol data unit (PDU).
Preferably, the upper layer may report information about a radio link control (RLC) failure to a network.
Preferably, the retransmission counter associated with the data unit should be increased when the data unit is not pending for retransmission already and the retransmission counter associated with the data unit has not been incremented due to another negative acknowledgment.
According to the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention, the retransmission counter may be managed more efficiently without any ambiguity.
Effects obtainable from the present invention may be non-limited by the above mentioned effect. And, other unmentioned effects can be clearly understood from the following description by those having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains.
The technical objects that can be achieved through the present disclosure are not limited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and other technical objects not described herein will be more clearly understood by persons skilled in the art from the following detailed description.
Referring to
One or more cells may exist per eNB. The cell is set to operate in one of bandwidths such as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) transmission service to a plurality of UEs in the bandwidth. Different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths. The eNB controls data transmission or reception to and from a plurality of UEs. The eNB transmits DL scheduling information of DL data to a corresponding UE so as to inform the UE of a time/frequency domain in which the DL data is supposed to be transmitted, coding, a data size, and hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ)-related information. In addition, the eNB transmits UL scheduling information of UL data to a corresponding UE so as to inform the UE of a time/frequency domain which may be used by the UE, coding, a data size, and HARQ-related information. An interface for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between eNBs. A core network (CN) may include the AG and a network node or the like for user registration of UEs. The AG manages the mobility of a UE on a tracking area (TA) basis. One TA includes a plurality of cells.
Although wireless communication technology has been developed to LTE based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), the demands and expectations of users and service providers are on the rise. In addition, considering other radio access technologies under development, new technological evolution is required to secure high competitiveness in the future. Decrease in cost per bit, increase in service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simplified structure, an open interface, appropriate power consumption of UEs, and the like are required.
As more and more communication devices demand larger communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing RAT. Also, massive machine type communication (MTC), which provides various services by connecting many devices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in the next generation communication. In addition, a communication system design considering a service/UE sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. The introduction of next-generation RAT, which takes into account such advanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC (mMCT), and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC), is being discussed.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description, which will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplary implementations of the present disclosure, rather than to show the only implementations that can be implemented according to the disclosure. The following detailed description includes specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without such specific details.
The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to a variety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multiple access systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time division multiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. For convenience of description, implementations of the present disclosure are described in regards to a 3GPP based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the following detailed description is given based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP based system, aspects of the present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based system are applicable to other mobile communication systems.
For example, the present disclosure is applicable to contention based communication such as Wi-Fi as well as non-contention based communication as in the 3GPP based system in which a BS allocates a DL/UL time/frequency resource to a UE and the UE receives a DL signal and transmits a UL signal according to resource allocation of the BS. In a non-contention based communication scheme, an access point (AP) or a control node for controlling the AP allocates a resource for communication between the UE and the AP, whereas, in a contention based communication scheme, a communication resource is occupied through contention between UEs which desire to access the AP. The contention based communication scheme will now be described in brief. One type of the contention based communication scheme is carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). CSMA refers to a probabilistic media access control (MAC) protocol for confirming, before a node or a communication device transmits traffic on a shared transmission medium (also called a shared channel) such as a frequency band, that there is no other traffic on the same shared transmission medium. In CSMA, a transmitting device determines whether another transmission is being performed before attempting to transmit traffic to a receiving device. In other words, the transmitting device attempts to detect presence of a carrier from another transmitting device before attempting to perform transmission. Upon sensing the carrier, the transmitting device waits for another transmission device which is performing transmission to finish transmission, before performing transmission thereof. Consequently, CSMA can be a communication scheme based on the principle of “sense before transmit” or “listen before talk”. A scheme for avoiding collision between transmitting devices in the contention based communication system using CSMA includes carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) and/or carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). CSMA/CD is a collision detection scheme in a wired local area network (LAN) environment. In CSMA/CD, a personal computer (PC) or a server which desires to perform communication in an Ethernet environment first confirms whether communication occurs on a network and, if another device carries data on the network, the PC or the server waits and then transmits data. That is, when two or more users (e.g. PCs, UEs, etc.) simultaneously transmit data, collision occurs between simultaneous transmission and CSMA/CD is a scheme for flexibly transmitting data by monitoring collision. A transmitting device using CSMA/CD adjusts data transmission thereof by sensing data transmission performed by another device using a specific rule. CSMA/CA is a MAC protocol specified in IEEE 802.11 standards. A wireless LAN (WLAN) system conforming to IEEE 802.11 standards does not use CSMA/CD which has been used in IEEE 802.3 standards and uses CA, i.e. a collision avoidance scheme. Transmission devices always sense carrier of a network and, if the network is empty, the transmission devices wait for determined time according to locations thereof registered in a list and then transmit data. Various methods are used to determine priority of the transmission devices in the list and to reconfigure priority. In a system according to some versions of IEEE 802.11 standards, collision may occur and, in this case, a collision sensing procedure is performed. A transmission device using CSMA/CA avoids collision between data transmission thereof and data transmission of another transmission device using a specific rule.
In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may be a fixed or mobile device. Examples of the UE include various devices that transmit and receive user data and/or various kinds of control information to and from a base station (BS). The UE may be referred to as a terminal equipment (TE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a handheld device, etc. In addition, in the present disclosure, a BS generally refers to a fixed station that performs communication with a UE and/or another BS, and exchanges various kinds of data and control information with the UE and another BS. The BS may be referred to as an advanced base station (ABS), a node-B (NB), an evolved node-B (eNB), a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), a processing server (PS), etc. Especially, a BS of the UMTS is referred to as a NB, a BS of the EPC/LTE is referred to as an eNB, and a BS of the new radio (NR) system is referred to as a gNB.
In the present disclosure, a node refers to a fixed point capable of transmitting/receiving a radio signal through communication with a UE. Various types of BSs may be used as nodes irrespective of the terms thereof. For example, a BS, a node B (NB), an e-node B (eNB), a pico-cell eNB (PeNB), a home eNB (HeNB), a relay, a repeater, etc. may be a node. In addition, the node may not be a BS. For example, the node may be a radio remote head (RRH) or a radio remote unit (RRU). The RRH or RRU generally has a lower power level than a power level of a BS. Since the RRH or RRU (hereinafter, RRH/RRU) is generally connected to the BS through a dedicated line such as an optical cable, cooperative communication between RRH/RRU and the BS can be smoothly performed in comparison with cooperative communication between BSs connected by a radio line. At least one antenna is installed per node. The antenna may include a physical antenna or an antenna port or a virtual antenna.
In the present disclosure, a cell refers to a prescribed geographical area to which one or more nodes provide a communication service. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, communicating with a specific cell may include communicating with a BS or a node which provides a communication service to the specific cell. In addition, a DL/UL signal of a specific cell refers to a DL/UL signal from/to a BS or a node which provides a communication service to the specific cell. A node providing UL/DL communication services to a UE is called a serving node and a cell to which UL/DL communication services are provided by the serving node is especially called a serving cell.
In some scenarios, a 3GPP based system implements a cell to manage radio resources and a cell associated with the radio resources is distinguished from a cell of a geographic region.
A “cell” of a geographic region may be understood as coverage within which a node can provide service using a carrier and a “cell” of a radio resource is associated with bandwidth (BW) which is a frequency range configured by the carrier. Since DL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of transmitting a valid signal, and UL coverage, which is a range within which the node is capable of receiving the valid signal from the UE, depends upon a carrier carrying the signal, the coverage of the node may be associated with coverage of the “cell” of a radio resource used by the node. Accordingly, the term “cell” may be used to indicate service coverage of the node sometimes, a radio resource at other times, or a range that a signal using a radio resource can reach with valid strength at other times.
In some scenarios, the recent 3GPP based wireless communication standard implements a cell to manage radio resources. The “cell” associated with the radio resources utilizes a combination of downlink resources and uplink resources, for example, a combination of DL component carrier (CC) and UL CC. The cell may be configured by downlink resources only, or may be configured by downlink resources and uplink resources. If carrier aggregation is supported, linkage between a carrier frequency of the downlink resources (or DL CC) and a carrier frequency of the uplink resources (or UL CC) may be indicated by system information. For example, combination of the DL resources and the UL resources may be indicated by linkage of system information block type 2 (SIB2). In this case, the carrier frequency may be a center frequency of each cell or CC. A cell operating on a primary frequency may be referred to as a primary cell (Pcell) or PCC, and a cell operating on a secondary frequency may be referred to as a secondary cell (Scell) or SCC. The carrier corresponding to the Pcell on downlink will be referred to as a downlink primary CC (DL PCC), and the carrier corresponding to the Pcell on uplink will be referred to as an uplink primary CC (UL PCC). A Scell refers to a cell that may be configured after completion of radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and used to provide additional radio resources. The Scell may form a set of serving cells for the UE together with the Pcell in accordance with capabilities of the UE. The carrier corresponding to the Scell on the downlink will be referred to as downlink secondary CC (DL SCC), and the carrier corresponding to the Scell on the uplink will be referred to as uplink secondary CC (UL SCC). Although the UE is in RRC-CONNECTED state, if it is not configured by carrier aggregation or does not support carrier aggregation, a single serving cell configured by the Pcell only exists.
In the present disclosure, “PDCCH” refers to a PDCCH, an EPDCCH (in subframes when configured), a MTC PDCCH (MPDCCH), for an RN with R-PDCCH configured and not suspended, to the R-PDCCH or, for NB-IoT to the narrowband PDCCH (NPDCCH).
In the present disclosure, monitoring a channel refers to attempting to decode the channel. For example, monitoring a PDCCH refers to attempting to decode PDCCH(s) (or PDCCH candidates).
For terms and technologies which are not specifically described among the terms of and technologies employed in this specification, 3GPP LTE/LTE-A standard documents, for example, 3GPP TS 36.211, 3GPP TS 36.212, 3GPP TS 36.213, 3GPP TS 36.300, 3GPP TS 36.321, 3GPP TS 36.322, 3GPP TS 36.323 and 3GPP TS 36.331, and 3GPP NR standard documents, for example, 3GPP TS 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.214, 3GPP TS 38.300, 3GPP TS 38.321, 3GPP TS 38.322, 3GPP TS 38.323 and 3GPP TS 38.331 may be referenced.
As illustrated in
As used herein, “downlink” refers to communication from BS 20 to UE 10, and “uplink” refers to communication from the UE to a BS.
As illustrated in
The eNB 20 is generally a fixed station that communicates with a UE 10, and may also be referred to as a base station (BS) or an access point. One eNB 20 may be deployed per cell. An interface for transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between eNBs 20.
The MME provides various functions including NAS signaling to eNBs 20, NAS signaling security, access stratum (AS) Security control, Inter CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, Idle mode UE Reachability (including control and execution of paging retransmission), Tracking Area list management (for UE in idle and active mode), PDN GW and Serving GW selection, MME selection for handovers with MME change, SGSN selection for handovers to 2G or 3G 3GPP access networks, roaming, authentication, bearer management functions including dedicated bearer establishment, support for PWS (which includes ETWS and CMAS) message transmission. The SAE gateway host provides assorted functions including Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection), Lawful Interception, UE IP address allocation, Transport level packet marking in the downlink, UL and DL service level charging, gating and rate enforcement, DL rate enforcement based on APN-AMBR. For clarity MME/SAE gateway 30 will be referred to herein simply as a “gateway,” but it is understood that this entity includes both an MME and an SAE gateway.
A plurality of nodes may be connected between eNB 20 and gateway 30 via the S1 interface. The eNBs 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface and neighboring eNBs may have a meshed network structure that has the X2 interface.
As illustrated, eNB 20 may perform functions of selection for gateway 30, routing toward the gateway during a Radio Resource Control (RRC) activation, scheduling and transmitting of paging messages, scheduling and transmitting of Broadcast Channel (BCCH) information, dynamic allocation of resources to UEs 10 in both uplink and downlink, configuration and provisioning of eNB measurements, radio bearer control, radio admission control (RAC), and connection mobility control in LTE_ACTIVE state. In the EPC, and as noted above, gateway 30 may perform functions of paging origination, LTE-IDLE state management, ciphering of the user plane, System Architecture Evolution (SAE) bearer control, and ciphering and integrity protection of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling.
The EPC includes a mobility management entity (MME), a serving-gateway (S-GW), and a packet data network-gateway (PDN-GW). The MME has information about connections and capabilities of UEs, mainly for use in managing the mobility of the UEs. The S-GW is a gateway having the E-UTRAN as an end point, and the PDN-GW is a gateway having a packet data network (PDN) as an end point.
Layer 1 (i.e. L1) of the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system is corresponding to a physical layer. A physical (PHY) layer of a first layer (Layer 1 or L1) provides an information transfer service to a higher layer using a physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer located on the higher layer via a transport channel. Data is transported between the MAC layer and the PHY layer via the transport channel. Data is transported between a physical layer of a transmitting side and a physical layer of a receiving side via physical channels. The physical channels use time and frequency as radio resources. In detail, the physical channel is modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme in downlink and is modulated using a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme in uplink.
Layer 2 (i.e. L2) of the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system is split into the following sublayers: Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP). The MAC layer of a second layer (Layer 2 or L2) provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer of a higher layer via a logical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer supports reliable data transmission. A function of the RLC layer may be implemented by a functional block of the MAC layer. A packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer performs a header compression function to reduce unnecessary control information for efficient transmission of an Internet protocol (IP) packet such as an IP version 4 (IPv4) packet or an IP version 6 (IPv6) packet in a radio interface having a relatively small bandwidth.
The main services and functions of the MAC sublayer include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing/demultiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through HARQ; priority handling between logical channels of one UE; priority handling between UEs by dynamic scheduling; MBMS service identification; transport format selection; and padding.
The main services and functions of the RLC sublayer include: transfer of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs); error correction through ARQ (only for acknowledged mode (AM) data transfer); concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) (only for unacknowledged mode (UM) and acknowledged mode (AM) data transfer); re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs (only for AM data transfer); reordering of RLC data PDUs (only for UM and AM data transfer); duplicate detection (only for UM and AM data transfer); protocol error detection (only for AM data transfer); RLC SDU discard (only for UM and AM data transfer); and RLC re-establishment, except for a NB-IoT UE that only uses Control Plane CIoT EPS optimizations.
The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer for the user plane include: header compression and decompression (ROHC only); transfer of user data; in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at PDCP re-establishment procedure for RLC AM; for split bearers in DC and LWA bearers (only support for RLC AM), PDCP PDU routing for transmission and PDCP PDU reordering for reception; duplicate detection of lower layer SDUs at PDCP re-establishment procedure for RLC AM; retransmission of PDCP SDUs at handover and, for split bearers in DC and LWA bearers, of PDCP PDUs at PDCP data-recovery procedure, for RLC AM; ciphering and deciphering; timer-based SDU discard in uplink. The main services and functions of the PDCP for the control plane include: ciphering and integrity protection; and transfer of control plane data. For split and LWA bearers, PDCP supports routing and reordering. For DRBs mapped on RLC AM and for LWA bearers, the PDCP entity uses the reordering function when the PDCP entity is associated with two AM RLC entities, when the PDCP entity is configured for a LWA bearer; or when the PDCP entity is associated with one AM RLC entity after it was, according to the most recent reconfiguration, associated with two AM RLC entities or configured for a LWA bearer without performing PDCP re-establishment.
Layer 3 (i.e. L3) of the LTE/LTE-A system includes the following sublayers: Radio Resource Control (RRC) and Non Access Stratum (NAS). A radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the bottom of a third layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers (RBs). An RB refers to a service that the second layer provides for data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN. To this end, the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN exchange RRC messages with each other. The non-access stratum (NAS) layer positioned over the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.
Radio bearers are roughly classified into (user) data radio bearers (DRBs) and signaling radio bearers (SRBs). SRBs are defined as radio bearers (RBs) that are used only for the transmission of RRC and NAS messages.
In LTE, one cell of the eNB is set to operate in one of bandwidths such as 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink or uplink transmission service to a plurality of UEs in the bandwidth. Different cells may be set to provide different bandwidths.
Downlink transport channels for transmission of data from the E-UTRAN to the UE include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmission of system information, a paging channel (PCH) for transmission of paging messages, and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmission of user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH and may also be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH).
Uplink transport channels for transmission of data from the UE to the E-UTRAN include a random access channel (RACH) for transmission of initial control messages and an uplink SCH for transmission of user traffic or control messages. Logical channels that are defined above the transport channels and mapped to the transport channels include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
A time interval in which one subframe is transmitted is defined as a transmission time interval (TTI). Time resources may be distinguished by a radio frame number (or radio frame index), a subframe number (or subframe index), a slot number (or slot index), and the like. TTI refers to an interval during which data may be scheduled. For example, in the 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system, an opportunity of transmission of an UL grant or a DL grant is present every 1 ms, and the UL/DL grant opportunity does not exists several times in less than 1 ms. Therefore, the TTI in the legacy 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system is 1 ms.
A base station and a UE mostly transmit/receive data via a PDSCH, which is a physical channel, using a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) which is a transmission channel, except a certain control signal or certain service data. Information indicating to which UE (one or a plurality of UEs) PDSCH data is transmitted and how the UE receive and decode PDSCH data is transmitted in a state of being included in the PDCCH.
For example, in one implementation, a certain PDCCH is CRC-masked with a radio network temporary identity (RNTI) “A” and information about data is transmitted using a radio resource “B” (e.g., a frequency location) and transmission format information “C” (e.g., a transmission block size, modulation, coding information or the like) via a certain subframe. Then, one or more UEs located in a cell monitor the PDCCH using its RNTI information. And, a specific UE with RNTI “A” reads the PDCCH and then receives the PDSCH indicated by B and C in the PDCCH information. In the present disclosure, a PDCCH addressed to an RNTI refers to the PDCCH being cyclic redundancy check masked (CRC-masked) with the RNTI. A UE may attempt to decode a PDCCH using the certain RNTI if the UE is monitoring a PDCCH addressed to the certain RNTI.
A fully mobile and connected society is expected in the near future, which will be characterized by a tremendous amount of growth in connectivity, traffic volume and a much broader range of usage scenarios. Some typical trends include explosive growth of data traffic, great increase of connected devices and continuous emergence of new services. Besides the market requirements, the mobile communication society itself also requires a sustainable development of the eco-system, which produces the needs to further improve system efficiencies, such as spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, operational efficiency, and cost efficiency. To meet the above ever-increasing requirements from market and mobile communication society, next generation access technologies are expected to emerge in the near future.
Building upon its success of IMT-2000 (3G) and IMT-Advanced (4G), 3GPP has been devoting its effort to IMT-2020 (5G) development since September 2015. 5G New Radio (NR) is expected to expand and support diverse use case scenarios and applications that will continue beyond the current IMT-Advanced standard, for instance, enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). eMBB is targeting high data rate mobile broadband services, such as seamless data access both indoors and outdoors, and AR/VR applications; URLLC is defined for applications that have stringent latency and reliability requirements, such as vehicular communications that can enable autonomous driving and control network in industrial plants; mMTC is the basis for connectivity in IoT, which allows for infrastructure management, environmental monitoring, and healthcare applications.
The control plane refers to a path through which control messages used to manage call by a UE and a network are transported. The user plane refers to a path through which data generated in an application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data are transported.
Referring to
Referring to
The overall protocol stack architecture for the NR system might be similar to that of the LTE/LTE-A system, but some functionalities of the protocol stacks of the LTE/LTE-A system should be modified in the NR system in order to resolve the weakness or drawback of LTE. RAN WG2 for NR is in charge of the radio interface architecture and protocols. The new functionalities of the control plane include the following: on-demand system information delivery to reduce energy consumption and mitigate interference, two-level (i.e. Radio Resource Control (RRC) and Medium Access Control (MAC)) mobility to implement seamless handover, beam based mobility management to accommodate high frequency, RRC inactive state to reduce state transition latency and improve UE battery life. The new functionalities of the user plane aim at latency reduction by optimizing existing functionalities, such as concatenation and reordering relocation, and RLC out of order delivery. In addition, a new user plane AS protocol layer named as Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) has been introduced to handle flow-based Quality of Service (QoS) framework in RAN, such as mapping between QoS flow and a data radio bearer, and QoS flow ID marking. Hereinafter the layer 2 according to the current agreements for NR is briefly discussed.
The layer 2 of NR is split into the following sublayers: Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP). The physical layer offers to the MAC sublayer transport channels, the MAC sublayer offers to the RLC sublayer logical channels, the RLC sublayer offers to the PDCP sublayer RLC channels, the PDCP sublayer offers to the SDAP sublayer radio bearers, and the SDAP sublayer offers to 5GC QoS flows. Radio bearers are categorized into two groups: data radio bearers (DRB) for user plane data and signalling radio bearers (SRB) for control plane data.
The main services and functions of the MAC sublayer of NR include: mapping between logical channels and transport channels; multiplexing/demultiplexing of MAC SDUs belonging to one or different logical channels into/from transport blocks (TB) delivered to/from the physical layer on transport channels; scheduling information reporting; error correction through HARQ (one HARQ entity per carrier in case of carrier aggregation); priority handling between UEs by dynamic scheduling; priority handling between logical channels of one UE by logical channel prioritization; and padding. A single MAC entity can support one or multiple numerologies and/or transmission timings, and mapping restrictions in logical channel prioritisation controls which numerology and/or transmission timing a logical channel can use.
The RLC sublayer of NR supports three transmission modes: Transparent Mode (TM); Unacknowledged Mode (UM); Acknowledged Mode (AM). The RLC configuration is per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and/or TTI durations, and ARQ can operate on any of the numerologies and/or TTI durations the logical channel is configured with. For SRB0, paging and broadcast system information, TM mode is used. For other SRBs AM mode used. For DRBs, either UM or AM mode are used. The main services and functions of the RLC sublayer depend on the transmission mode and include: transfer of upper layer PDUs; sequence numbering independent of the one in PDCP (UM and AM); error correction through ARQ (AM only); segmentation (AM and UM) and re-segmentation (AM only) of RLC SDUs; Reassembly of SDU (AM and UM); duplicate detection (AM only); RLC SDU discard (AM and UM); RLC re-establishment; and protocol error detection (AM only). The ARQ within the RLC sublayer of NR has the following characteristics: ARQ retransmits RLC PDUs or RLC PDU segments based on RLC status reports; polling for RLC status report is used when needed by RLC; and RLC receiver can also trigger RLC status report after detecting a missing RLC PDU or RLC PDU segment.
The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer of NR for the user plane include: sequence numbering; header compression and decompression (ROHC only); transfer of user data; reordering and duplicate detection; PDCP PDU routing (in case of split bearers); retransmission of PDCP SDUs; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; PDCP SDU discard; PDCP re-establishment and data recovery for RLC AM; and duplication of PDCP PDUs. The main services and functions of the PDCP sublayer of NR for the control plane include: sequence numbering; ciphering, deciphering and integrity protection; transfer of control plane data; reordering and duplicate detection; and duplication of PDCP PDUs.
The main services and functions of SDAP include: mapping between a QoS flow and a data radio bearer; marking QoS flow ID (QFI) in both DL and UL packets. A single protocol entity of SDAP is configured for each individual PDU session. Compared to LTE's QoS framework, which is bearer-based, the 5G system adopts the QoS flow-based framework. The QoS flow-based framework enables flexible mapping of QoS flow to DRB by decoupling QoS flow and the radio bearer, allowing more flexible QoS characteristic configuration.
The main services and functions of RRC sublayer of NR include: broadcast of system information related to access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS); paging initiated by a 5GC or an NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance, and release of RRC connection between a UE and a NG-RAN (which further includes modification and release of carrier aggregation and further includes modification and release of the DC between an E-UTRAN and an NR or in the NR; a security function including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance, and release of SRB(s) and DRB(s); handover and context transfer; UE cell selection and re-release and control of cell selection/re-selection; a mobility function including mobility between RATs; a QoS management function, UE measurement report, and report control; detection of radio link failure and discovery from radio link failure; and NAS message transfer to a UE from a NAS and NAS message transfer to the NAS from the UE.
In
To reduce or minimize data transmission latency, in a 5G new RAT, a slot structure in which a control channel and a data channel are time-division-multiplexed is considered.
In the example of
In the example of
In such a slot structure, a time gap is needed for the process of switching from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode of the gNB and UE. On behalf of the process of switching between the transmission mode and the reception mode, some OFDM symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL in the slot structure are set as a guard period (GP).
In the legacy LTE/LTE-A system, a DL control channel is time-division-multiplexed with a data channel and a PDCCH, which is a control channel, is transmitted throughout an entire system band. However, in the new RAT, it is expected that a bandwidth of one system reaches approximately a minimum of 100 MHz and it is difficult to distribute the control channel throughout the entire band for transmission of the control channel. For data transmission/reception of a UE, if the entire band is monitored to receive the DL control channel, this may cause increase in battery consumption of the UE and deterioration in efficiency. Accordingly, in the present disclosure, the DL control channel may be locally transmitted or distributively transmitted in a partial frequency band in a system band, i.e., a channel band.
In the NR system, the basic transmission unit is a slot. A duration of the slot includes 14 symbols having a normal cyclic prefix (CP) or 12 symbols having an extended CP. In addition, the slot is scaled in time as a function of a used subcarrier spacing.
In the NR system, a scheduler (e.g. BS) assigns radio resources in a unit of slot (e.g. one mini-slot, one slot, or multiple slots), and thus the length of one TTI in NR may be different from 1 ms.
In the 3GPP based communication system (e.g. LTE, NR), an uplink (UL) radio resource assigned by a scheduler is referred to as a UL grant, and a downlink (DL) radio resource assigned by a scheduler is referred as a DL assignment. A UL grant or DL assignment is dynamically indicated by a PDCCH or semi-persistently configured by a RRC signaling. In particular, a UL grant or DL assignment that is configured semi-persistently is referred to as a “configured UL grant” or a “configured DL assignment,” respectively.
Downlink assignments transmitted on the PDCCH indicate if there is a transmission on a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for a particular MAC entity and provide the relevant HARQ information. In order to transmit on the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) the MAC entity must have a valid uplink grant which it may receive dynamically on the PDCCH or in a Random Access Response or which may be configured semi-persistently or pre-allocated by RRC.
Hereinafter, an ARQ (automatic repeat and request) procedure in the NR system is described.
ARQ procedures are only performed by an AM RLC entity. The transmitting side of an AM RLC entity can receive a negative acknowledgement (notification of reception failure by its peer AM RLC entity) for an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment by STATUS PDU from its peer AM RLC entity.
When receiving a negative acknowledgement for an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment by a STATUS PDU from its peer AM RLC entity, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall consider the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment for which a negative acknowledgement was received for retransmission, if the SN of the corresponding RLC SDU falls within the range TX_Next_Ack<=SN<TX_Next.
When an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment is considered for retransmission, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall set the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU to zero, if the RLC SDU or RLC SDU segment is considered for retransmission for the first time.
Else, if it (the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment that is considered for retransmission) is not pending for retransmission already and the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU has not been incremented due to another negative acknowledgment in the same STATUS PDU, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall increment the RETX_COUNT.
Finally, if RETX_COUNT is increased to maxRetxThreshold, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall indicate to upper layers (for example, RRC layer) that max retransmission has been reached.
When retransmitting an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment, the transmitting side of an AM RLC entity shall segment the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment (if needed), form a new AMD PDU which will fit within the total size of AMD PDU(s) indicated by lower layer at the particular transmission opportunity, and submit the new AMD PDU to lower layer.
According to a recent 3GPP standard for the NR system, it is agreed that a UE does not perform the re-establishment even if a transmitting side of the AM RLC entity configured for CA packet duplication reports to the upper layer that the max retransmission. It means that the UE indicates the max retransmission to the network, and then the network handles the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity which indicates the max retransmission. The handling method may be the cell re-configuration.
If the cell reconfiguration is performed, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity keeps the transmission of all stored RLC SDUs after reconfiguring the cell. However, even if the gNB reconfigures the cell, the successful delivery of an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment already reached to the max retransmission may be not guaranteed. If the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment is not successfully delivered, the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU is increased. After that, the RETX_COUNT is larger than the maxRetxThreshold. Thus, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity does not provide the max retransmission indication for the RLC SDU. In other words, the transmitting RLC entity does not detect the radio link failure using the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment which was reached to the maxRetxThreshold.
Therefore, in this application, it is proposed that the RETX_COUNT should be reset after indicating the max retransmission to the upper layer.
More specifically, according to the present invention, when a RETX_COUNT for an RLC SDU has been reached to the maxRetxThreshold, the transmitting side of an AM RLC entity indicates to upper layers that max retransmission has been reached. After that, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity sets the RETX_COUNT for the RLC SDU to zero.
When a RETX_COUNT for an RLC SDU has been reached to the maxRetxThreshold, the transmitting side of an AM RLC entity indicates to upper layers that max retransmission has been reached. After that, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity sets all the RETX_COUNT maintained by the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity to zero.
The transmitting side of an AM RLC entity is configured with parameters for ARQ procedure by receiving, from a network, ARQ configuration information including maxRetxThreshold, in order to limit the number of retransmissions corresponding to an RLC SDU, including its segments.
The transmitting side of an AM RLC entity manages a counter, which is RETX_COUNT, to count the number of retransmissions of an RLC SDU or RLC SDU segment. One RETX_COUNT counter per RLC SDU is maintained.
The transmitting side of an AM RLC entity manages the following state variables to maintain a transmitting window for the ARQ procedure:
SN is sequence number and is assigned per RLC SDU.
When the transmitting side of an AM RLC entity receives a negative acknowledgement for an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment by a STATUS PDU from the receiving side of the AM RLC entity, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall consider the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment for which a negative acknowledgement was received for retransmission if the SN of the corresponding RLC SDU falls within the range TX_Next_Ack<=SN<TX_Next:
When an RLC SDU or an RLC SDU segment is considered for retransmission, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall set the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU to zero if the RLC SDU or RLC SDU segment is considered for retransmission for the first time.
Else, if it (the RLC SDU or the RLC SDU segment that is considered for retransmission) is not pending for retransmission already and the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU has not been incremented due to another negative acknowledgment in the same STATUS PDU, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall increment the RETX_COUNT.
However, if RETX_COUNT has reached to maxRetxThreshold, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall indicate to upper layers that max retransmission has been reached and set the RETX_CONNT associated with the RLC SDU to zero. Preferably, the AM RLC entity shall set all the RETX_COUNTs maintained by the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity to zero.
Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention is described.
1. The maxRetxThreshold is configured to two for a transmitting side of the AM RLC entity.
2. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity transmits an RLC SDU by generating the AMD PDU with SN0 upon notification of a transmission opportunity by lower layer.
3. If the transmitting side of AM RLC entity receives the RLC status report including the negative acknowledgement for the RLC SDU from its peer entity, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall consider retransmission for the RLC SDU and set the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU to zero.
4. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity compares the RETX_COUNT to the maxRetxThreshold. The RETX_COUNT (for example, 0) is smaller than the maxRetxThreshold, (for example, 2).
5. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity retransmits the RLC SDU by generating the AMD PDU with SN0 upon notification of a transmission opportunity by lower layer.
6. If the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity receives the RLC status report including the negative acknowledgement for the RLC SDU from its peer entity, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall consider retransmission for the RLC SDU and increment the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU. That is, RETX_COUNT is 1.
7. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity compares the RETX_COUNT to the maxRetxThreshold. The RETX_COUNT (for example, 1) is smaller than the maxRetxThreshold (for example, 2).
8. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity retransmits the RLC SDU by generating the AMD PDU with SN0 upon notification of a transmission opportunity by lower layer.
9. If the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity receives the RLC status report including the negative acknowledgement for the RLC SDU from its peer entity, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity shall consider retransmission for the RLC SDU; and increment the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU. That is, RETX_COUNT is 2.
10. The transmitting side of the AM RLC entity compares the RETX_COUNT to the maxRetxThreshold. In this case, the RXTX_COUNT, is same to the maxRetxThreshold. Therefore, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity should indicate to upper layers that max retransmission has been reached, and set the RETX_COUNT associated with the RLC SDU sets to zero. Further, preferably, the transmitting side of the AM RLC entity should set the RETX_COUNTs associated with other RLC SDUs to zero.
Referring to
Next, in S905, the transmission end may determine whether the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to a max value or not. If the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to the max value, the transmission end may report a max retransmission indication to an upper layer in S907 and set the retransmission counter associated with the data unit to zero in S909. Preferably, information about a radio link control (RLC) failure is reported by the upper layer to a network.
More preferably, when the retransmission counter associated with the data unit reaches to the max value, the transmission end may set a retransmission counter associated with another data unit to zero in S911. Here, the data unit and another data unit refer to service data units (SDUs) included in the same protocol data unit (PDU).
The transmitting device 100 and the receiving device 200 respectively include transceivers 13 and 23 capable of transmitting and receiving radio signals carrying information, data, signals, and/or messages, memories 12 and 22 for storing information related to communication in a wireless communication system, and processors 11 and 21 operationally connected to elements such as the transceivers 13 and 23 and the memories 12 and 22 to control the elements and configured to control the memories 12 and 22 and/or the transceivers 13 and 23 so that a corresponding device may perform at least one of the above-described implementations of the present disclosure.
The memories 12 and 22 may store programs for processing and controlling the processors 11 and 21 and may temporarily store input/output information. The memories 12 and 22 may be used as buffers. The buffers at each protocol layer (e.g. PDCP, RLC, MAC) are parts of the memories 12 and 22.
The processors 11 and 21 generally control the overall operation of various modules in the transmitting device and the receiving device. Especially, the processors 11 and 21 may perform various control functions to implement the present disclosure. For example, the operations occurring at the protocol stacks (e.g. PDCP, RLC, MAC and PHY layers) according to the present disclosure may be performed by the processors 11 and 21. The protocol stacks performing operations of the present disclosure may be parts of the processors 11 and 21.
The processors 11 and 21 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The processors 11 and 21 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In a hardware configuration, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the processors 11 and 21. The present disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. performing the functions or operations of the present disclosure. Firmware or software configured to perform the present disclosure may be included in the processors 11 and 21 or stored in the memories 12 and 22 so as to be driven by the processors 11 and 21.
The processor 11 of the transmitting device 100 performs predetermined coding and modulation for a signal and/or data scheduled to be transmitted to the outside by the processor 11 or a scheduler connected with the processor 11, and then transfers the coded and modulated data to the transceiver 13. For example, the processor 11 converts a data stream to be transmitted into K layers through demultiplexing, channel coding, scrambling, and modulation. The coded data stream is also referred to as a codeword and is equivalent to a transport block which is a data block provided by a MAC layer. One transport block (TB) is coded into one codeword and each codeword is transmitted to the receiving device in the form of one or more layers. For frequency up-conversion, the transceiver 13 may include an oscillator. The transceiver 13 may include Nt (where Nt is a positive integer) transmission antennas.
A signal processing process of the receiving device 200 is the reverse of the signal processing process of the transmitting device 100. Under control of the processor 21, the transceiver 23 of the receiving device 200 receives radio signals transmitted by the transmitting device 100. The transceiver 23 may include Nr (where Nr is a positive integer) receive antennas and frequency down-converts each signal received through receive antennas into a baseband signal. The processor 21 decodes and demodulates the radio signals received through the reception antennas and restores data that the transmitting device 100 intended to transmit.
The transceivers 13 and 23 include one or more antennas. An antenna performs a function for transmitting signals processed by the transceivers 13 and 23 to the exterior or receiving radio signals from the exterior to transfer the radio signals to the transceivers 13 and 23. The antenna may also be called an antenna port. Each antenna may correspond to one physical antenna or may be configured by a combination of more than one physical antenna element. The signal transmitted from each antenna cannot be further deconstructed by the receiving device 200. An RS transmitted through a corresponding antenna defines an antenna from the view point of the receiving device 200 and enables the receiving device 200 to derive channel estimation for the antenna, irrespective of whether the channel represents a single radio channel from one physical antenna or a composite channel from a plurality of physical antenna elements including the antenna. That is, an antenna is defined such that a channel carrying a symbol of the antenna can be obtained from a channel carrying another symbol of the same antenna. An transceiver supporting a MIMO function of transmitting and receiving data using a plurality of antennas may be connected to two or more antennas. The transceivers 13 and 23 may be referred to as radio frequency (RF) units.
In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE operates as the transmitting device 100 in UL and as the receiving device 200 in DL. In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS operates as the receiving device 200 in UL and as the transmitting device 100 in DL. Hereinafter, a processor, a transceiver, and a memory included in the UE will be referred to as a UE processor, a UE transceiver, and a UE memory, respectively, and a processor, a transceiver, and a memory included in the BS will be referred to as a BS processor, a BS transceiver, and a BS memory, respectively.
The UE processor can be configured to operate according to the present disclosure, or control the UE transceiver to receive or transmit signals according to the present disclosure. The BS processor can be configured to operate according to the present disclosure, or control the BS transceiver to receive or transmit signals according to the present disclosure.
The processor 11 (at a UE and/or at a BS) checks whether there is a UL grant or DL assignment for a serving cell in a time unit. If there is a UL grant or DL assignment for the serving cell in the time unit, the processor 11 checks whether a data unit is actually present on the UL grant or DL assignment in the time unit, in order to determine whether to restart a deactivation timer associated with the serving cell which has been started. The processor 11 restarts the deactivation timer associated with the serving cell in the time unit if there is a data unit present on the UL grant or DL assignment in the time unit. The processor 11 does not restart the deactivation timer associated with the serving cell in the time unit if there is no data unit present on the UL grant or DL assignment in the time unit, unless another condition that the processor 11 should restart the deactivation timer is satisfied. The processor 11 does not restart the deactivation timer associated with the serving cell in the time unit if there is no data unit present on the UL grant or DL assignment in the time unit and if an activation command for activating the serving cell is not present in the time unit. The processor 11 may be configured to check whether a data unit is actually present on the UL grant or DL assignment on the serving cell in the time unit in order to determine whether to restart the deactivation timer of the serving cell, if the UL grant or DL assignment is a configured grant/assignment which is configured by RRC to occur periodically on the serving cell. The processor 11 may be configured to check whether a data unit is actually present on the UL grant or DL assignment on the serving cell in the time unit in order to determine whether to restart the deactivation timer of the serving cell, if the UL grant or the DL assignment is a dynamic grant/assignment which is indicated by a PDCCH. The processor 11 may be configured to check whether a data unit is actually present on the UL grant or DL assignment on the serving cell in the time unit in order to determine whether to restart the deactivation timer of the serving cell, if the serving cell is a SCell of the UE. The processor 11 (at the UE and/or the BS) deactivates the serving cell upon expiry of the deactivation timer associated with the serving cell.
As described above, the detailed description of the preferred implementations of the present disclosure has been given to enable those skilled in the art to implement and practice the disclosure. Although the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary implementations, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure described in the appended claims. Accordingly, the disclosure should not be limited to the specific implementations described herein, but should be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The implementations of the present disclosure are applicable to a network node (e.g., BS), a UE, or other devices in a wireless communication system.
This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2019/000370, filed on Jan. 10, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/615,447, filed on Jan. 10, 2018, the contents of which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2019/000370 | 1/10/2019 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/139362 | 7/18/2019 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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| 8281200 | Han et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8605606 | Terry et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 9042364 | Yi et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 20090042568 | Soejima | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2016175497 | Nov 2016 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2019/000370, Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and The Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration dated May 1, 2019, 11 pages. |
| 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification (Release 15), Jan. 2018, 45 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200344004 A1 | Oct 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62615447 | Jan 2018 | US |
