Patent Application
20060238955
This invention relates generally to integrated circuit architecture, and more particularly to a re-configurable integratted circuit architecture that uses analog and digital building blocks to build a mixed-mode integrated system.
Mixed mode electronic systems that use analog and digital building blocks in the industry may use programmable logic devices (PLD), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), and/or field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to implement the digital functional portion of the mixed mode electronic system by programming the configuration switches in the programmable devices. However, the analog functions of the mixed mode electronic system, which are interfacing, controlling or being controlled by the digital functions, usually are specific and are not re-configurable. Moreover, these analog functions are not suitable to be integrated on the same silicon with digital programmable devices because of the noise that the digital portion will inject into the common substrate. Thus, currently-existing programmable analog functions are expensive, specific to limited applications, and are mostly used for prototyping applications. Presently, existing programmable mixed mode integrated devices use pre-defined or pre-configured analog functions combined with a routing matrix that is suitable for digital signals to route the analog signals, and a digital programmable array similar to a PLD, FPGA, DSP, or Micro Controller function. The routing matrix uses CMOS pass gates to route and connect the analog signals between the analog functions. These metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) pass gates, which are not suitable for passing analog signals with different frequencies and amplitudes limit the operating range of the analog functions and will also make it more prone to noise.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a programmable mixed mode architecture that integrates analog and digital functions and resolves the noise issue injected by the digital portion.
The present invention provides a new way of routing, mixing, or connecting the analog signal without limiting their performance. It also makes the analog functions programmable and re-configurable to various analog functions.
In one aspect of the invention, a mixed-mode integrated circuit system includes a plurality of analog input cells, a plurality of analog output cells, an analog interconnect array, and a programmable digital portion. The input cells are configured to program various analog functions. The output cells are configured to provide digital and/or analog outputs corresponding to the programmed analog functions. The interconnect array mixes and directs the programmed analog functions into signals indicative of the analog functions. The array selectively provides the signals to the plurality of analog output cells. In one embodiment, the programmable digital portion includes a programmable logic device, Field programmable Gate array, macrocells, and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL).
In another aspect of the invention, the analog portion includes a plurality of analog input cells, a plurality of analog output cells, and a current sensing array. The analog input cells provide a plurality of predefined analog functions. The analog output cells generate digital and/or analog signals corresponding to the predefined analog functions. The current sensing array converts predefined analog functions from the plurality of analog input cells into current signal, mixes and directs the current signal, converts the current signal into voltage signal, and selectively provides the voltage signal to the plurality of analog output cells.
Other features and advantages of the present invention should be apparent from the following description, which illustrates, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
In recognition of the above-stated problems associated with existing mixed-mode integrated circuit architectures, embodiments for re-configurable analog devices and functions are described. In particular, following exemplary embodiments integrate digital and analog functions with re-configurable digital and analog arrays into a mixed-mode integrated circuit architecture. The analog functions include analog input cells, analog output cells, and an analog interconnect current sensing matrix. Furthermore, the mixed mode architecture enables integration of various mixed-mode systems without separating analog circuits/functions from digital functions. Consequently, for purposes of illustration, and not for purposes of limitation, the exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in a manner consistent with such use, though clearly the invention is not so limited.
A mixed-mode integrated circuit architecture 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
The analog portion 110 further includes programmable voltage reference generator 102 that generates voltage references, which are accessible to the re-configurable input/output cells 112-126 and direct analog input ports 148 coupled to the analog interconnect current sensing array 150. The direct analog input ports 148 are used to input analog signals that do not require processing by the analog input cells 112-118.
The digital portion 160 may include a programmable logic array 162, a phase lock loop (PLL) 166, a clock generator 168, and macro-cells 164 with digital inputs/outputs that meet various interfacing standards. In the exemplary embodiment, the programmable logic array 162 includes 44 input elements (22 non-inverted and 22 inverted input signals). Eight of the input elements are coupled to the analog output cells 120-126, and the other 36 input elements are coupled to 18 external digital input pins. However, the programmable logic array 162 may be implemented using the architecture similar to the conventional architecture of programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and/or other similar architectures. PLL 166 receives a reference frequency from an oscillator that is multiplied and phase-lock looped by the PLL block to provide high clock frequency and synchronization of the signals in the macro-cells 164. In some embodiments, the PLL 166 may be multiplexed with an external clock in the clock generator 168 to enable operation of each output macro-cell 164 from a different clock source if desired. The clock generator 168 includes clock drivers and a multiplexer. The drivers receive the PLL output and drive the macrocells 164 of the programmable logic array 162. The multiplexer enables receipt of the clock signal from an external source by bypassing the PLL 166.
In an alternative embodiment, the programmable analog interconnect current sensing array 150 of the analog portion 110 is configured to operate with conventional pre-defined input and output cells. However, unlike the conventional design of the array, the interconnect array 150 of the alternative embodiment converts the output of the input cell from voltage to current so that crosstalk and noise coupling between different analog signals from different input cells are substantially reduced.
In a further embodiment, the analog input cells 112-118 and the analog output cells 120-126 of the analog portion operate in conjunction with a conventional design of the interconnect array. Hence, the output signal from the input cell is not converted from voltage to current, and the input signal to the output cell need not be converted to voltage. Although this configuration may introduce some crosstalk and noise coupling, the advantages of the programmability of the input and output cells can be realized.
A programmable analog current sensing interconnect array 150 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown in
In the exemplary embodiment, a voltage-to-current converter circuit 202 in the interconnect array 150 converts the output signal from input cell A into current. This voltage-to-current converter circuit 202 includes operational amplifiers and transistor switches. Voltage-to-current converter 204 operates in similar manner with input cell B. Thus, by converting the analog signals from voltage into current, the analog interconnect array 150 substantially reduces crosstalk and noise coupling between different analog signals from different analog input cells.
The array 150 may also be used as a mixer for the different analog circuits/signals generated from two or more re-configurable analog input cells by operating the analog interconnect array 150 in a current mode. For example, by turning on both switches SW1 and SW2 in the same column as output cell A, the analog signals generated from the two re-configurable input cells (i.e., input cell A and input cell B) are mixed in current before being passed to the selected analog output cell (i.e., output cell A). The array may further be used as a splitter by directing a current signal into more than one output cell. For example, by turning on both switches SW1 and SW3, the analog signal generated from input cell A is directed into both output cell A and output cell B.
The analog interconnect array 150 also allows analog inputs that require no processing by the input cell to enter the analog array 150 through a voltage-to-current converter circuit. The converted analog inputs may then be mixed with other analog signals and directed to one or more analog output cells.
Table 1 shows the configuration switches SW1-SW17 that may be turned on to generate the listed analog functions in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. For example, a unity gain non-inverting amplifier may be configured by turning on switches SW2 an SW14. Other analog circuits/functions, such as an integrator, a difference amplifier, a differentiator, a comparator, a reference voltage generator, a configurable/adjustable gain amplifier, and a current-to-voltage amplifier, may also be configured by turning on an appropriate combination of switches as listed in Table 1. The list, however, is provided for illustrative purposes only. Other circuits/functions can be generated using different combinations of configuration switches. For example, switches SW14 and SW15 may also be used to generate a sample-and-hold circuit.
In the illustrated embodiment of
There has been disclosed herein embodiments for re-configurable analog devices and functions used in a mixed-mode integrated circuit architecture 100. The analog devices include re-configurable analog input cells 112-118, programmable analog output cells 120-126, and a programmable interconnect array 150. The input cells 112-118 enable programming of a desired analog function using configuration switches SW1-SW17. The interconnect array 150 converts the output signal of the analog input cells 112-118 from voltage to current, and processes the converted signal(s) by mixing/splitting. Once the signal(s) has been processed, the interconnect array 150 converts the signal(s) from current to voltage, and directs the signal(s) to the output cell(s) 120-126. The output cells 120-126 enable routing of the signals to a comparator 414 for conversion to digital signal.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, such descriptions have been for purposes of illustration only and not by way of limitation. The present invention should therefore not be seen as limited to the particular embodiment described herein, but rather, it should be understood that the present invention has wide applicability with respect to mixed-mode integrated circuit architecture generally. Throughout this detailed description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details were set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and functions were not described in elaborate detail in order to avoid obscuring the subject matter of the present invention. For example, although the details for implementing the programmable digital array are not provided herein, it is understood that conventional programmable arrays, such as programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA); or even microprocessors, may be used. Accordingly, all modifications, variations, or equivalent arrangements and implementations that are within the scope of the attached claims should therefore be considered within the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10390324 | Mar 2003 | US |
| Child | 11475821 | Jun 2006 | US |
