This application claims priority of Paraguay Application No. P 1842725 PY filed Jun. 5, 2018, application which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention falls within the field of security systems and methods implemented in airplane cockpits.
Currently, as established in different aviation security regulations, aircraft must include onboard systems that make it possible to ensure the presence of authorised persons to fly the airplane.
With respect to the identification of the presence of persons in restricted spaces for security reasons, U.S. Pat. No. 9,041,546 discloses a system and a method for detecting the position of a person relative to a machine. However, said invention uses a passive transmitter and locator, and is limited to detecting presence in relation to a fixed transmitter that must be positioned on one or more machines, but is not aimed at detecting teams of people with freedom of movement inside the airplane.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,030,323 uses a method and device for detecting the position of an object using radio-frequency identification (RFID). The method includes calculating a position of a moving object using a first RFID tag installed at a particular position in a predetermined space while the moving object is moving, detecting a second RFID tag included in the object, determining the position of the same at a certain point of time.
A large number of inventions can be identified in the field of communication between electronic devices, but none addresses the problem of cockpit security, where the level of security must be increased to a maximum, without limiting said security to mere physical presence.
The present invention solves these problems, making it possible to ensure the active presence of pilots in cockpits.
The invention relates to a system and a method that detects the active presence of human beings in a delimited space, specifically for cockpit security, using autonomous short-range active communication equipment.
The main objective of the invention is to increase the level of security of human beings who work in teams and must necessarily remain within a delimited area of the cockpit.
The invention makes it possible to ensure the presence, amount and vital signs of persons authorised to fly the plane. Said persons who have freedom of movement inside the plane are equipped with transmitters and actuators, working as a mobile distributed communication system, wherein each transmitter has an embedded system with decision-making capacity.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a system for detecting the presence of pilots in the cockpit of an airplane, comprising: a central control and actuation unit located inside the cockpit of an airplane and which is equipped with a wireless communication module and data processing means; a plurality of heart rate sensors, each of which is adapted to be adhered to each pilot (fixed to the chest near the heart, to the wrist or to any part of the body where the heart rate can be easily detected) of the airplane to detect their vital signs; a plurality of personal control units, worn each of which is adapted to be by a pilot of the airplane and which comprises a wireless communication module, data processing means (e.g. a microcontroller), one or several batteries, and a heart rate sensor interface configured to receive a vital sign signal from a heart rate sensor once connected to the personal control unit.
Each personal control unit is configured to verify the receipt of a request signal sent by the central control and actuation unit; calculate the intensity of the request signal received; determine the absence of the pilot from the cockpit when said intensity falls below a certain threshold and, in such case, wirelessly send an absence alert message to the central control and actuation unit alerting of the absence of the pilot from the cockpit; determine, by analysing the vital sign signal received from the corresponding heart rate sensor, whether the pilot's heart rate is outside of a predetermined normal range, in which case an alert message alerting of the vital signs will be wirelessly sent to the central control and actuation unit alerting that the pilot's heart rate is outside of the normal range.
The central control and actuation unit is configured to wirelessly send a request signal to the personal control units; verify the receipt of alert messages from the personal control units; determine the existence of an alert situation in accordance with the alert messages received; and execute at least one action in response to the alert situation detected.
According to one embodiment, the central control and actuation unit is configured to determine the existence of an alert situation when it receives at least one vital sign alert message alerting that a pilot's heart rate is outside of the normal range and/or when it receives at least one absence alert message alerting of the absence of a pilot from the cockpit (for example, when it receives absence alert messages alerting that all the pilots are outside of the cockpit).
In one embodiment, the central control and actuation unit is configured, in response to a detected alert situation, to activate the autopilot, send an alarm message to a control tower and/or send an alarm message to the personal control units (which can, for example, produce an acoustic and/or light signal to alert the pilot.
Therefore, the system uses two types of devices, a central control and actuation unit and a personal control unit worn by each pilot, being both autonomous devices with processing capacity connected over a wireless network. The central control and actuation unit can be embedded in the Flight Management System (FMS) of the aircraft or can be an external device (a portable device encapsulated in a casing) located in the cockpit of the airplane. The central control and actuation unit is in charge of controlling, constantly recording and emitting alert signals alerting of the presence of the pilots and their state of health, while the personal control unit is worn by each member of the aircraft flying team.
With respect to the operation of the personal control unit worn by a pilot, the process begins by turning on said personal unit and waiting to receive a signal or code from a central control and actuation unit that is within its range. The receipt of the confirmation signal or code is verified; if affirmative, a predetermined time period is awaited and that established is executed; if negative, the logic established for that situation is also executed.
The use of the actuators makes it possible to increase the level of security in the work team. The actuators may block, interrupt or activate any device, in the event that the number of persons established in the control zone (i.e. the cockpit of an airplane) is not identified.
In accordance with one embodiment, the central control and actuation unit is an electronic device comprising a communication module, antenna, sensor interface, actuator interface, audiovisual indicator interface, backup memory, power source/battery, programming interface and a microcontroller with CPU functions. The communication module comprises all the types of short-range wireless data transmission that currently exist or will be proposed in the future. The antenna is a device suitable for the wireless data transmission technology specified in the communication module. The sensor interface corresponds to an electronic circuit capable of interacting with various sensor technologies applicable to the invention, such as those that detect objects, persons or other conditions associated with an active or inactive situation of a particular variable, such as keys, switches, etc. The audiovisual indicator interface corresponds to a set of communication ports that makes it possible to transmit an audiovisual signal or data to an external device consisting of a set of characters that may be exhibited by any information presentation technology, such as displays or other underlying technologies. The programming interface consists of a standard communication port compatible with current technologies and those that will be proposed in the future that will enable communication with a computational system wherefrom the algorithms to be executed by the CPU of the central control and actuation unit will be obtained. The backup memory is a module that stores the program that must be executed in the central control and actuation unit and the configuration data in accordance with the specific application of the system. This backup memory is non-volatile. The battery or power source supplies sufficient energy for the operation of the central control and actuation unit, with an autonomy in accordance with the application of the system and that can be recharged, in addition to its connection to the power grid in the event that it must be located in a predetermined fixed location.
The personal control unit consists, in accordance with one embodiment, of an electronic device made of a communication module, antenna, sensor interface, audiovisual indicator interface, backup memory, batteries, programming interface and a CPU microcontroller, having similar functions to those of the central control and actuation unit except in that relating to the power supply and to the actuation interface, which for this case is more limited in terms of power and number of ports.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of pilots in the cockpit of an airplane, comprising the following stages:
What follows is a very brief description of a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof.
The present invention relates to a system and method that detects the presence and vital signs of human beings in a delimited space, such as the cockpit of an airplane, acting in accordance with the verification made.
The system comprises a central control and actuation unit and a personal control unit worn by each pilot or person authorised to fly the airplane. Both devices are connected by wireless communication.
The central control and actuation unit may be autonomous or adapted to a machine whereon it can act based on the established algorithm, taking as input variables the amount of personal control units detected within the established radius.
The personal control unit is a necessarily mobile device with unique identification that must be worn by each human being who forms part of the work team and has an energy storage device (for example, one or more batteries).
The system makes it possible to maximise security in airplanes, since the presence of the pilots in the cockpit is an essential factor. The personal control units 2 send, via a wireless signal 3, data to the central control and actuation unit 4, which analyses the signals received and decision-making based on the data contained in said signals, in accordance with predetermined internal programming. Additionally, the personal control units are equipped with a heart rate sensor 5 that is adhered to the pilot 1.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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P 1842725 | Jun 2018 | PY | national |