Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries

Industry

CPC
F02C7/32

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Parent Industries

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F02Combustion engines F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00 Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants

Current Industry

F02C7/32Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Electric machine cooling of stator with tube
- Patent number 11,970,973
- Issue date Apr 30, 2024
- Rolls-Royce Corporation
- Stephen Andrew Long
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Systems and methods of power allocation for hybrid electric archite...
- Patent number 11,970,062
- Issue date Apr 30, 2024
- GE Aviation Systems LLC
- Manish Ashvinkumar Dalal
- B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Fracturing device
- Patent number 11,970,928
- Issue date Apr 30, 2024
- Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment & Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Peng Zhang
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Power generation system
- Patent number 11,970,947
- Issue date Apr 30, 2024
- Antheon Research, Inc.
- Francis O'Neill
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Gas turbine engine mounted above wing and with camber
- Patent number 11,970,974
- Issue date Apr 30, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Robert E. Malecki
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Multi-mode engine system with gas turbine engine and turbo-compressor
- Patent number 11,965,458
- Issue date Apr 23, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Andre M. Ajami
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Device for driving a shaft of a jet engine for inspection purposes
- Patent number 11,926,438
- Issue date Mar 12, 2024
- Lufthansa Technik AG
- Jan Oke Peters
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Waveguide system
- Patent number 11,929,818
- Issue date Mar 12, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Jonathan Gilson
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Drive system for translating structure
- Patent number 11,927,150
- Issue date Mar 12, 2024
- Rohr, Inc.
- Timothy Gormley
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Pressurized airflow to rotate compressor during engine shutdown
- Patent number 11,913,376
- Issue date Feb 27, 2024
- General Electric Company
- Kudum Shinde
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Engine
- Patent number 11,913,397
- Issue date Feb 27, 2024
- YANMAR HOLDINGS CO., LTD.
- Yu Hirao
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Cabin blower system
- Patent number 11,913,388
- Issue date Feb 27, 2024
- Rolls-Royce PLC
- Ibrahim Eryilmaz
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Multi-engine system and power transfer between engines thereof
- Patent number 11,905,888
- Issue date Feb 20, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Daniel Coutu
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for...
- Patent number 11,898,429
- Issue date Feb 13, 2024
- BJ Energy Solutions, LLC
- Tony Yeung
- E21 - EARTH DRILLING MINING
Information Patent Grant
Transmission and method for control of boost spool
- Patent number 11,898,490
- Issue date Feb 13, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Paul R. Hanrahan
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Mobile fracturing pump transport for hydraulic fracturing of subsur...
- Patent number 11,891,993
- Issue date Feb 6, 2024
- TYPHON TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS (U.S.), LLC
- Jeffrey G. Morris
- E21 - EARTH DRILLING MINING
Information Patent Grant
Connection device, control box component and fracturing apparatus
- Patent number 11,891,885
- Issue date Feb 6, 2024
- Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment & Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Peng Zhang
- A62 - LIFE-SAVING FIRE-FIGHTING
Information Patent Grant
Electric generator
- Patent number 11,884,416
- Issue date Jan 30, 2024
- General Electric Company
- Hao Huang
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Auxiliary power systems, aircraft including the same, and related m...
- Patent number 11,878,810
- Issue date Jan 23, 2024
- The Boeing Company
- Scott Schorn
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Torque limiting device in a connection between a gearbox and a stat...
- Patent number 11,879,383
- Issue date Jan 23, 2024
- Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG
- Tomasz Grubba
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Grant
Connection device, control box component and fracturing apparatus
- Patent number 11,873,704
- Issue date Jan 16, 2024
- Yantai Jereh Petroleum Equipment & Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Peng Zhang
- A62 - LIFE-SAVING FIRE-FIGHTING
Information Patent Grant
Flywheel powered barring engine for gas turbine engine
- Patent number 11,873,765
- Issue date Jan 16, 2024
- Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc.
- Ryan C. Humes
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Differential geared amplification of auxiliary power unit
- Patent number 11,873,766
- Issue date Jan 16, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Daniel Bernard Kupratis
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Flange cooling structure for gas turbine engine
- Patent number 11,867,079
- Issue date Jan 9, 2024
- Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
- Hayato Hirota
- F23 - COMBUSTION APPARATUS COMBUSTION PROCESSES
Information Patent Grant
Gas turbine engine and method of operation
- Patent number 11,867,126
- Issue date Jan 9, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Bruno Chatelois
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Gas turbine engine having an accessory gearbox
- Patent number 11,867,074
- Issue date Jan 9, 2024
- Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG
- Jürgen Beier
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Diffuser pipe with exit flare
- Patent number 11,859,543
- Issue date Jan 2, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Jason Nichols
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Aircraft engine generator disconnect device with latch
- Patent number 11,859,557
- Issue date Jan 2, 2024
- SAFRAN ELECTRICAL & POWER
- John Nixon
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Grant
Manually actuated hydraulic circuit for ram air turbine (RAT) restow
- Patent number 11,858,650
- Issue date Jan 2, 2024
- Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation
- Timothy Scott Konicek
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Grant
Device for driving a generator of an aircraft turbomachine and meth...
- Patent number 11,859,558
- Issue date Jan 2, 2024
- SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES
- Huguette De Wergifosse
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
COMPOUNDED TURBO POWER UNIT WITH BOOST COMBUSTOR
- Publication number 20240151179
- Publication date May 9, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Steven W. Burd
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
FAN BLADE FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE
- Publication number 20240141792
- Publication date May 2, 2024
- Rolls-Royce plc
- Michael BARTHOLOMEW
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO OPERATE A DUAL-SHAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE FOR...
- Publication number 20240133282
- Publication date Apr 25, 2024
- BJ Energy Solutions, LLC
- Tony Yeung
- E21 - EARTH DRILLING MINING
Information Patent Application
GAS TURBINE ENGINE ACCESSORY PACKAGING
- Publication number 20240133345
- Publication date Apr 25, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Daniel John Oehrle
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
PROPULSION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
- Publication number 20240132221
- Publication date Apr 25, 2024
- BOOM TECHNOLOGY, INC.
- Nathaniel Blake Scholl
- B64 - AIRCRAFT AVIATION COSMONAUTICS
Information Patent Application
ACCESSORY GEARBOX FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE COMPRISING A VERY...
- Publication number 20240133346
- Publication date Apr 25, 2024
- SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES
- Frédéric Dautreppe
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIR BOTTOMING CYCLE DRIVEN PROPULSOR
- Publication number 20240117764
- Publication date Apr 11, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Stephen H. Taylor
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
METHOD OF OPERATING A GAS TURBINE ENGINE
- Publication number 20240110517
- Publication date Apr 4, 2024
- Rolls-Royce plc
- Andrea MINELLI
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIR BOTTOMING CYCLE AIR CYCLE SYSTEM SOURCE
- Publication number 20240102418
- Publication date Mar 28, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Alan Retersdorf
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR AN AIRCRAFT AND AIRC...
- Publication number 20240102420
- Publication date Mar 28, 2024
- ROLLS-ROYCE DEUTSCHLAND LTD & CO KG
- Stephen MOUNTAIN
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
GAS TURBINE ENGINE AND METHOD OF OPERATION
- Publication number 20240102421
- Publication date Mar 28, 2024
- Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp.
- Bruno CHATELOIS
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
COMPACT ACCESSORY GEARBOX COMPRISING AN INTEGRATED ELECTRIC MACHINE
- Publication number 20240093773
- Publication date Mar 21, 2024
- Safran Transmission Systems
- Clément FALGUIERE
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
BOWED-ROTOR MITIGATION SYSTEM FOR A GAS TURBINE
- Publication number 20240084737
- Publication date Mar 14, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Ravindra Shankar Ganiger
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
SELECTIVE POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR AN AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240060453
- Publication date Feb 22, 2024
- Paul R. Hanrahan
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
HEAT EXCHANGER CAPACITY FOR ONE OR MORE HEAT EXCHANGERS ASSOCIATED...
- Publication number 20240060449
- Publication date Feb 22, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Eyitayo James Owoeye
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
FUEL HEATER AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240060451
- Publication date Feb 22, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Jeffrey Douglas Rambo
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
ELECTRIC MACHINE HAVING ROTOR HUB WITH SHAPED PASSAGES FOR COOLING
- Publication number 20240055945
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- Rolls-Royce plc
- Rama Krishna Shanmukha
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM GEARTRAIN
- Publication number 20240052784
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Paul R. Hanrahan
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A HOLDER FOR FITTINGS
- Publication number 20240052788
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES
- Bruno Albert BEUTIN
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
TURBOMACHINE MODULE EQUIPPED WITH AN ELECTRIC MACHINE, AND TURBOMAC...
- Publication number 20240052789
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES
- Frédéric DAUTREPPE
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR STARTING HYDROGEN POWERED GAS GENERATORS
- Publication number 20240052782
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Marc J. Muldoon
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
Geared Turbine Engine with Relatively Lightweight Propulsor Module
- Publication number 20240035419
- Publication date Feb 1, 2024
- Frederick M. Schwarz
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIRCRAFT SYSTEM WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINE POWERED COMPRESSOR
- Publication number 20240026827
- Publication date Jan 25, 2024
- Steven W. Burd
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
Mobile Electric Power Generation for Hydraulic Fracturing of Subsur...
- Publication number 20240030782
- Publication date Jan 25, 2024
- Typhon Technology Solutions (U.S.), LLC
- Jeffrey G. Morris
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
CRYOGENIC ASSISTED BOTTOMING CYCLE
- Publication number 20240026824
- Publication date Jan 25, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Neil J. Terwilliger
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
AIR TURBINE STARTER WITH LUBRICATION RECIRCULATION CIRCUIT
- Publication number 20240018909
- Publication date Jan 18, 2024
- GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
- Narendra Dev Mahadevaiah
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM
- Publication number 20240018906
- Publication date Jan 18, 2024
- Rolls-Royce plc
- Jingbin YANG
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
AUXILIARY COMPONENT MOVEMENT RESTRICTION MOUNTING SYSTEM FOR GAS TU...
- Publication number 20240011441
- Publication date Jan 11, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- AHMAD S. DELAWAR
- F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL STEAM ENGINES
Information Patent Application
HYBRID ELECTRIC POWER FOR TURBINE ENGINES HAVING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS
- Publication number 20240010352
- Publication date Jan 11, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Brian M. Holley
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
Information Patent Application
TURBO EXPANDERS FOR TURBINE ENGINES HAVING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS
- Publication number 20240010351
- Publication date Jan 11, 2024
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Brian M. Holley
- F02 - COMBUSTION ENGINES HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Electric machine cooling of stator with tube

Systems and methods of power allocation for hybrid electric archite...

Fracturing device

Power generation system

Gas turbine engine mounted above wing and with camber

Multi-mode engine system with gas turbine engine and turbo-compressor

Device for driving a shaft of a jet engine for inspection purposes

Waveguide system

Drive system for translating structure

Pressurized airflow to rotate compressor during engine shutdown

Engine

Cabin blower system

Multi-engine system and power transfer between engines thereof

Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for...

Transmission and method for control of boost spool

Mobile fracturing pump transport for hydraulic fracturing of subsur...

Connection device, control box component and fracturing apparatus

Electric generator

Auxiliary power systems, aircraft including the same, and related m...

Torque limiting device in a connection between a gearbox and a stat...

Connection device, control box component and fracturing apparatus

Flywheel powered barring engine for gas turbine engine

Differential geared amplification of auxiliary power unit

Flange cooling structure for gas turbine engine

Gas turbine engine and method of operation

Gas turbine engine having an accessory gearbox

Diffuser pipe with exit flare

Aircraft engine generator disconnect device with latch

Manually actuated hydraulic circuit for ram air turbine (RAT) restow

Device for driving a generator of an aircraft turbomachine and meth...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

COMPOUNDED TURBO POWER UNIT WITH BOOST COMBUSTOR

FAN BLADE FOR A GAS TURBINE ENGINE

SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO OPERATE A DUAL-SHAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE FOR...

GAS TURBINE ENGINE ACCESSORY PACKAGING

PROPULSION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

ACCESSORY GEARBOX FOR AN AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE COMPRISING A VERY...

AIR BOTTOMING CYCLE DRIVEN PROPULSOR

METHOD OF OPERATING A GAS TURBINE ENGINE

AIR BOTTOMING CYCLE AIR CYCLE SYSTEM SOURCE

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FOR AN AIRCRAFT AND AIRC...

GAS TURBINE ENGINE AND METHOD OF OPERATION

COMPACT ACCESSORY GEARBOX COMPRISING AN INTEGRATED ELECTRIC MACHINE

BOWED-ROTOR MITIGATION SYSTEM FOR A GAS TURBINE

SELECTIVE POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR AN AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM

HEAT EXCHANGER CAPACITY FOR ONE OR MORE HEAT EXCHANGERS ASSOCIATED...

FUEL HEATER AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

ELECTRIC MACHINE HAVING ROTOR HUB WITH SHAPED PASSAGES FOR COOLING

AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM GEARTRAIN

AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A HOLDER FOR FITTINGS

TURBOMACHINE MODULE EQUIPPED WITH AN ELECTRIC MACHINE, AND TURBOMAC...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR STARTING HYDROGEN POWERED GAS GENERATORS

Geared Turbine Engine with Relatively Lightweight Propulsor Module

AIRCRAFT SYSTEM WITH GAS TURBINE ENGINE POWERED COMPRESSOR

Mobile Electric Power Generation for Hydraulic Fracturing of Subsur...

CRYOGENIC ASSISTED BOTTOMING CYCLE

AIR TURBINE STARTER WITH LUBRICATION RECIRCULATION CIRCUIT

AIRCRAFT PROPULSION SYSTEM

AUXILIARY COMPONENT MOVEMENT RESTRICTION MOUNTING SYSTEM FOR GAS TU...

HYBRID ELECTRIC POWER FOR TURBINE ENGINES HAVING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS

TURBO EXPANDERS FOR TURBINE ENGINES HAVING HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEMS