characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates

Industry

CPC
C08G18/79

This industry / category may be too specific. Please go to a parent level for more data

Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C08Organic compounds C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates

Current Industry

C08G18/79characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing
- Patent number 12,187,904
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
- David R. Fenn
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Coating composition
- Patent number 12,180,387
- Issue date Dec 31, 2024
- Covestro Deutschland AG
- Dorota Greszta-Franz
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polyaspartic coating composition, coating film, and coated article
- Patent number 12,173,180
- Issue date Dec 24, 2024
- Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha
- Satoshi Takeno
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Two-part urethane adhesive composition
- Patent number 12,173,196
- Issue date Dec 24, 2024
- Sika Technology AG
- Yuichi Matsuki
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Water-emulsifiable isocyanates with improved properties
- Patent number 12,168,711
- Issue date Dec 17, 2024
- BASF SE
- Frederic Lucas
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent, its preparation method a...
- Patent number 12,162,977
- Issue date Dec 10, 2024
- BASF Coatings GmbH
- Christian Gerhard Schaefer
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Polyester-free laminating adhesive composition
- Patent number 12,157,789
- Issue date Dec 3, 2024
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Ines Seehagen
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Use of coating compositions for wind turbine blades
- Patent number 12,157,829
- Issue date Dec 3, 2024
- Hempel A/S
- Pablo Luis Bernad
- F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF...
Information Patent Grant
Process for producing solid polyurethane curing agents
- Patent number 12,152,102
- Issue date Nov 26, 2024
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Emmanouil Spyrou
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Additive manufacturing using polyurea materials
- Patent number 12,138,850
- Issue date Nov 12, 2024
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
- David Robert Fenn
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Hydrophilizing agent for production of self-emulsifying polyisocyan...
- Patent number 12,134,677
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Tosoh Corporation
- Motomu Kita
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Adhesive composition
- Patent number 12,134,716
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- DDP SPECIALTY ELECTRONIC MATERIALS US, LLC
- Sergio Grunder
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Aqueous binder formulation based on functionalized polyurethanes
- Patent number 12,134,695
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- BASF SE
- Wolfgang Paulus
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Bioactive protein-polymer compositions for stain removal
- Patent number 12,134,751
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- Regents of The University of Minnesota
- Andreas Buthe
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polyurethane-based composition
- Patent number 12,091,488
- Issue date Sep 17, 2024
- BOSTIK SA
- Guillaume Michaud
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Two-part urethane adhesive composition
- Patent number 12,091,585
- Issue date Sep 17, 2024
- Sika Technology AG
- Yuichi Matsuki
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polymeric aerogel composite and synthesis by ambient and freeze-drying
- Patent number 12,077,642
- Issue date Sep 3, 2024
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Massimo Bertino
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Polyglycolic acid resin and production process thereof
- Patent number 12,065,531
- Issue date Aug 20, 2024
- Pujing Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Lei Feng
- Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMA...
Information Patent Grant
Adhesive composition, laminate and optical article comprising the l...
- Patent number 12,065,590
- Issue date Aug 20, 2024
- Tokuyama Corporation
- Katsuhiro Mori
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Isocyanate-functional polymer components and polyurethane articles...
- Patent number 12,054,589
- Issue date Aug 6, 2024
- Rajesh Kumar
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Adhesives based on carbodimide chemistry
- Patent number 12,054,576
- Issue date Aug 6, 2024
- BASF SE
- Berend Eling
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Zwitterionic resin and manufacturing method thereof
- Patent number 12,043,696
- Issue date Jul 23, 2024
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute
- Chen-Shou Hsu
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Grant
Phenyl isocyanate conversion process
- Patent number 12,030,836
- Issue date Jul 9, 2024
- Dow Global Technologies LLC
- Robert E. Hefner
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Curable composition
- Patent number 12,024,578
- Issue date Jul 2, 2024
- NITTO SHINKO CORPORATION
- Ryuji Kawamura
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Process for carbodiimidization
- Patent number 12,024,585
- Issue date Jul 2, 2024
- Covestro Deutschland AG
- Igor Pochorovski
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Reaction injection molding of stimuli-responsive thermosets
- Patent number 12,023,875
- Issue date Jul 2, 2024
- The University of Rochester
- Mitchell Anthamatten
- B29 - WORKING OF PLASTICS WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE, IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Method for producing carbodiimide compound
- Patent number 12,017,977
- Issue date Jun 25, 2024
- Nisshinbo Chemical Inc.
- Nobuyuki Matsumoto
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Polyurethane gel material, polyurethane gel, pseudo-biomaterial, an...
- Patent number 12,018,115
- Issue date Jun 25, 2024
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- Hiroaki Tago
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Polymeric material including a uretdione-containing material and a...
- Patent number 12,018,114
- Issue date Jun 25, 2024
- 3M Innovative Properties Company
- Kolby L. White
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Two-component structural adhesives
- Patent number 11,999,881
- Issue date Jun 4, 2024
- GLUE TEC INDUSTRIEKLEBSTOFFE GMBH & CO. KG
- Marco Holst
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
PHENOL-BASED HOT MELT ADHESIVES FOR REWORK, REPAIR AND RECYCLE
- Publication number 20250002768
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- Conagen Inc.
- John John McNamara
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
PHOTO- AND THERMALLY CURABLE RESIN USEFUL IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING...
- Publication number 20250002627
- Publication date Jan 2, 2025
- Stratasys, Inc.
- Anne FISCHER
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
A MOISTURE RESISTANT TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVE COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20240417607
- Publication date Dec 19, 2024
- DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
- Yanbin Fan
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
CONDUIT TUBE AND THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER ELASTOMER RESIN COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20240384024
- Publication date Nov 21, 2024
- TOYOBO MC Corporation
- Shinji HARADA
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COATING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS, AND ARTICLES COATED WITH SAME
- Publication number 20240368422
- Publication date Nov 7, 2024
- Mark A. Parker
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Application
EXTRUDABLE POLYURETHANE ARTICLES AND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MA...
- Publication number 20240343857
- Publication date Oct 17, 2024
- 3M Innovative Properties Company
- Joseph D. Rule
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
DUAL-CURE RESIN COMPOSITION COMPRISING URETDIONE-CONTAINING COMPOUN...
- Publication number 20240343941
- Publication date Oct 17, 2024
- BASF SE
- Rui DING
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesive Composition for Film Lamination
- Publication number 20240336818
- Publication date Oct 10, 2024
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Marcel Blodau
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Isocyanate-Functional Polymer Components and Polyurethane Articles...
- Publication number 20240336759
- Publication date Oct 10, 2024
- BASF SE
- Rajesh Kumar
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
POLYPROPYLENE BONDING ADHESIVE AND PROCESS
- Publication number 20240327689
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- DDP SPECIALTY ELECTRONIC MATERIALS US, LLC
- SERGIO GRUNDER
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
HIGH-SOLIDS CURABLE FILM-FORMING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF IMPROV...
- Publication number 20240327564
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC.
- Jun Deng
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Non-Ionic Hydrophilized Polyurethane Dispersions with Acrylate Doub...
- Publication number 20240327565
- Publication date Oct 3, 2024
- COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG
- Sebastian Doerr
- C03 - GLASS MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
Information Patent Application
MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ZWITTERIONIC RESIN
- Publication number 20240317926
- Publication date Sep 26, 2024
- TAIWAN TEXTILE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
- Chen-Shou HSU
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Application
POLYESTER POLYMER
- Publication number 20240309150
- Publication date Sep 19, 2024
- PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC.
- Paul Hubert Lamers
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Coating Material System Based on a Bismuth-Containing Catalyst Comp...
- Publication number 20240301235
- Publication date Sep 12, 2024
- BASF COATINGS GMBH
- Peter HOFFMANN
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
USE OF COATING COMPOSITIONS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES
- Publication number 20240301238
- Publication date Sep 12, 2024
- HEMPEL A/S
- Pablo Luis BERNAD
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
POLYISOCYANURATE-PREPREGS AND FIBER COMPOSITE COMPONENTS PRODUCED T...
- Publication number 20240301154
- Publication date Sep 12, 2024
- COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG
- Xingchen Liu
- H05 - ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Application
URETHANE COMPOUNDS FOR FINISHING TEXTILE SHEET MATERIALS IN A FLUOR...
- Publication number 20240294700
- Publication date Sep 5, 2024
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- Ruben Benedikt Richrath
- D06 - TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE LAUNDERING FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTH...
Information Patent Application
AROMATIC CARBODIIMIDES, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF
- Publication number 20240294693
- Publication date Sep 5, 2024
- LANXESS Deutschland GmbH
- Wilhelm LAUFER
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
POLYASPARTIC COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20240279385
- Publication date Aug 22, 2024
- Vencorex France SAS
- Arthur BOUCHUT
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE AND ARTICLES THEREOF
- Publication number 20240279383
- Publication date Aug 22, 2024
- BASF SE
- Mark D SWARTZLANDER
- A01 - AGRICULTURE FORESTRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HUNTING TRAPPING FISHING
Information Patent Application
UV Curable Coating Compositions Containing Aliphatic Urethane Acryl...
- Publication number 20240228827
- Publication date Jul 11, 2024
- Eileen M. Weber
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
CURABLE FILM-FORMING COMPOSITIONS AND COATED STRUCTURES WITH IMPROV...
- Publication number 20240218205
- Publication date Jul 4, 2024
- PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC.
- César Alejandro Bernabé Nava Ortiz
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
COREACTIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING
- Publication number 20240209224
- Publication date Jun 27, 2024
- PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC.
- David R. Fenn
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
COATING COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS
- Publication number 20240209232
- Publication date Jun 27, 2024
- AXALTA COATING SYSTEMS IP CO., LLC
- Monika J. Sienkowska
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
GREEN ALTERNATIVE POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE
- Publication number 20240209247
- Publication date Jun 27, 2024
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Mary E. Palliardi
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
CURABLE RESIN COMPOSITION FOR STEREOLITHOGRAPHY, CURED PRODUCT, AND...
- Publication number 20240199785
- Publication date Jun 20, 2024
- DIC CORPORATION
- Ikuma Shimizu
- B33 - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
ISOCYANATE-AMINE-BASED CHEMICAL ANCHOR WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, A...
- Publication number 20240166870
- Publication date May 23, 2024
- HILTI AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
- Memet-Emin Kumru
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
METHODS OF FACILITATING REMOVAL OF A FINGERPRINT
- Publication number 20240158722
- Publication date May 16, 2024
- Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.
- Andreas Buthe
- C11 - ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES AND WAXES FATTY ACIDS...
Information Patent Application
EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION, MOLDING MATERIAL FOR FIBER-REINFORCED COMP...
- Publication number 20240150517
- Publication date May 9, 2024
- TORAY INDUSTRIES, INC.
- Norikazu ISHIKAWA
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...

characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Coreactive materials and methods for three-dimensional printing

Coating composition

Polyaspartic coating composition, coating film, and coated article

Two-part urethane adhesive composition

Water-emulsifiable isocyanates with improved properties

Blocked polyisocyanate crosslinking agent, its preparation method a...

Polyester-free laminating adhesive composition

Use of coating compositions for wind turbine blades

Process for producing solid polyurethane curing agents

Additive manufacturing using polyurea materials

Hydrophilizing agent for production of self-emulsifying polyisocyan...

Adhesive composition

Aqueous binder formulation based on functionalized polyurethanes

Bioactive protein-polymer compositions for stain removal

Polyurethane-based composition

Two-part urethane adhesive composition

Polymeric aerogel composite and synthesis by ambient and freeze-drying

Polyglycolic acid resin and production process thereof

Adhesive composition, laminate and optical article comprising the l...

Isocyanate-functional polymer components and polyurethane articles...

Adhesives based on carbodimide chemistry

Zwitterionic resin and manufacturing method thereof

Phenyl isocyanate conversion process

Curable composition

Process for carbodiimidization

Reaction injection molding of stimuli-responsive thermosets

Method for producing carbodiimide compound

Polyurethane gel material, polyurethane gel, pseudo-biomaterial, an...

Polymeric material including a uretdione-containing material and a...

Two-component structural adhesives

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

PHENOL-BASED HOT MELT ADHESIVES FOR REWORK, REPAIR AND RECYCLE

PHOTO- AND THERMALLY CURABLE RESIN USEFUL IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING...

A MOISTURE RESISTANT TWO-COMPONENT ADHESIVE COMPOSITION

CONDUIT TUBE AND THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER ELASTOMER RESIN COMPOSITION

COATING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS, AND ARTICLES COATED WITH SAME

EXTRUDABLE POLYURETHANE ARTICLES AND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MA...

DUAL-CURE RESIN COMPOSITION COMPRISING URETDIONE-CONTAINING COMPOUN...

Two-Component Polyurethane Adhesive Composition for Film Lamination

Isocyanate-Functional Polymer Components and Polyurethane Articles...

POLYPROPYLENE BONDING ADHESIVE AND PROCESS

HIGH-SOLIDS CURABLE FILM-FORMING COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF IMPROV...

Non-Ionic Hydrophilized Polyurethane Dispersions with Acrylate Doub...

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ZWITTERIONIC RESIN

POLYESTER POLYMER

Coating Material System Based on a Bismuth-Containing Catalyst Comp...

USE OF COATING COMPOSITIONS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADES

POLYISOCYANURATE-PREPREGS AND FIBER COMPOSITE COMPONENTS PRODUCED T...

URETHANE COMPOUNDS FOR FINISHING TEXTILE SHEET MATERIALS IN A FLUOR...

AROMATIC CARBODIIMIDES, PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE THEREOF

POLYASPARTIC COMPOSITIONS

THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE AND ARTICLES THEREOF

UV Curable Coating Compositions Containing Aliphatic Urethane Acryl...

CURABLE FILM-FORMING COMPOSITIONS AND COATED STRUCTURES WITH IMPROV...

COREACTIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING

COATING COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS

GREEN ALTERNATIVE POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE

CURABLE RESIN COMPOSITION FOR STEREOLITHOGRAPHY, CURED PRODUCT, AND...

ISOCYANATE-AMINE-BASED CHEMICAL ANCHOR WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE, A...

METHODS OF FACILITATING REMOVAL OF A FINGERPRINT

EPOXY RESIN COMPOSITION, MOLDING MATERIAL FOR FIBER-REINFORCED COMP...