Chemical after-treatment

Industry

CPC
C23C22/83

This industry / category may be too specific. Please go to a parent level for more data

Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C23Surface treatment C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating

Current Industry

C23C22/83Chemical after-treatment

Industries

Please log in for detailed analytics

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Sanitary equipment part and method of producing the same
- Patent number 12,188,132
- Issue date Jan 7, 2025
- Toto Ltd.
- Saori Ukigai
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Sealing for anodized metal
- Patent number 12,134,830
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Lei Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Sealing process for an anodized aluminum-alloy surface
- Patent number 12,134,829
- Issue date Nov 5, 2024
- RTX Corporation
- Bart Antonie van Hassel
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Method of controlling oxygen vacancy concentration in a semiconduct...
- Patent number 12,080,801
- Issue date Sep 3, 2024
- The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
- Edmund G. Seebauer
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Coated aluminum material and method for producing same
- Patent number 12,060,643
- Issue date Aug 13, 2024
- NIPPON LIGHT METAL COMPANY, LTD.
- Reiko Takasawa
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Process for corrosion-protecting pretreatment of a metallic surface...
- Patent number 12,043,753
- Issue date Jul 23, 2024
- Chemetall GmbH
- Stefan Birkenheuer
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Metal surface treatment
- Patent number 12,018,176
- Issue date Jun 25, 2024
- SPECIALTY OPERATIONS FRANCE
- Marie-Pierre Labeau
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for treating surfaces of aluminum containing substrates
- Patent number 11,958,989
- Issue date Apr 16, 2024
- Rhodia Operations
- Lars Sebralla
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Two part applicator pen
- Patent number 11,951,506
- Issue date Apr 9, 2024
- Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation
- Brodie Gross
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
High-design sliding member
- Patent number 11,788,191
- Issue date Oct 17, 2023
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
- Satoshi Watanabe
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound
- Patent number 11,759,820
- Issue date Sep 19, 2023
- EWALD DORKEN AG
- Melanie Müller
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...
- Patent number 11,643,732
- Issue date May 9, 2023
- Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- Manabu Inoue
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface treatment method of magnesium for the assembly of polymer a...
- Patent number 11,618,952
- Issue date Apr 4, 2023
- DONGGUAN DSP TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- Guo Tie Long
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Alkaline molybdenum cation and phosphonate-containing cleaning comp...
- Patent number 11,518,960
- Issue date Dec 6, 2022
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
- Mark W. McMillen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for specifically adjusting the electrical conductivity of co...
- Patent number 11,492,707
- Issue date Nov 8, 2022
- Chemetall GmbH
- Olaf Dahlenburg
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Environment-friendly heat shielding film using non-radioactive stab...
- Patent number 11,453,755
- Issue date Sep 27, 2022
- Tai-Gyeong Hwang
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Grant
Processing system and platform for wet atomic layer etching using s...
- Patent number 11,437,250
- Issue date Sep 6, 2022
- Tokyo Electron Limited
- Paul Abel
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Permanganate based conversion coating compositions
- Patent number 11,408,077
- Issue date Aug 9, 2022
- PRC DeSoto International, Inc
- Eric L. Morris
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for obtaining superhydrophobic corrosion-resistant coatings
- Patent number 11,352,701
- Issue date Jun 7, 2022
- TATA Consultancy Services Limited
- Pallavi Bandi
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method of treating surface of metal base, metallic material treated...
- Patent number 11,293,102
- Issue date Apr 5, 2022
- Chemetall GmbH
- Toshio Inbe
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Film forming treatment agent for composite chemical conversion film...
- Patent number 11,286,568
- Issue date Mar 29, 2022
- Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
- Shiwei Xu
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Aluminum alloy strip with improved surface appearance
- Patent number 11,260,439
- Issue date Mar 1, 2022
- Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products GmbH
- Dieter Bögershausen
- B21 - MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL PUNCHING...
Information Patent Grant
Combined treatment method for improving corrosion resistance of met...
- Patent number 11,248,299
- Issue date Feb 15, 2022
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou Uni...
- Yao Xue
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Conveyor frame treatment for suppressing phosphate dragging resulti...
- Patent number 11,118,271
- Issue date Sep 14, 2021
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Jan-Willem Brouwer
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic nanosurfaces
- Patent number 11,090,903
- Issue date Aug 17, 2021
- The Regents of the University of California
- Sungho Jin
- B81 - MICRO-STRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Corrosion resistant sol-gel coating and composition and process for...
- Patent number 11,072,712
- Issue date Jul 27, 2021
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Kirk Kramer
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Preparation method of a coated sheet comprising the application of...
- Patent number 11,007,750
- Issue date May 18, 2021
- Arcelormittal
- Lydia Rachiele
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Temporary protective coatings and methods
- Patent number 10,975,248
- Issue date Apr 13, 2021
- The Boeing Company
- Andrew M. Zweig
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Grant
Treatment liquid for black trivalent chromium conversion coating, t...
- Patent number 10,968,520
- Issue date Apr 6, 2021
- Nippon Hyomen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- Kazuyuki Shinozaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing molybdenum, associat...
- Patent number 10,920,324
- Issue date Feb 16, 2021
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
- Michel Sudour
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
SEALING FOR ANODIZED METAL
- Publication number 20250059670
- Publication date Feb 20, 2025
- RTX Corporation
- Lei Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF A ZINC-BASED METAL COATING IN A HOT-DIP COA...
- Publication number 20240141470
- Publication date May 2, 2024
- ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
- Fabian JUNGE
- C21 - METALLURGY OF IRON
Information Patent Application
TWO PART APPLICATOR PEN
- Publication number 20240082872
- Publication date Mar 14, 2024
- HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION
- Brodie Gross
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Aqueous Pickling Compositions and Their Use
- Publication number 20230250537
- Publication date Aug 10, 2023
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Anna Verena MOHR
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Phosphonate-Free, Aqueous Pickling Compositions and Their Use
- Publication number 20230175142
- Publication date Jun 8, 2023
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Anna Verena MOHR
- B08 - CLEANING
Information Patent Application
MAGNESIUM ALLOY/RESIN COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTUR...
- Publication number 20230119028
- Publication date Apr 20, 2023
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- Mizue KURIYAGAWA
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
ALUMINUM ALLOY ARTICLES EXHIBITING IMPROVED BOND DURABILITY AND MET...
- Publication number 20230118694
- Publication date Apr 20, 2023
- Novelis Inc.
- Emanuel Beck
- C22 - METALLURGY FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FER...
Information Patent Application
POROUS OXIDE FOR IMPROVED TITANIUM-POLYMER BONDING
- Publication number 20230092781
- Publication date Mar 23, 2023
- Apple Inc.
- James A. Curran
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATING A METAL SUBSTRATE
- Publication number 20230074169
- Publication date Mar 9, 2023
- PRC-DeSoto International, Inc.
- Gordon L. Post
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR METALS
- Publication number 20230019472
- Publication date Jan 19, 2023
- MCT Holdings LTD
- Agnieszka Mackiewicz
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD OF MAGNESIUM FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF POLYMER A...
- Publication number 20220403526
- Publication date Dec 22, 2022
- Dongguan DSP Technology Co., Ltd.
- Guo TIE LONG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PERMANGANATE BASED CONVERSION COATING COMPOSITIONS
- Publication number 20220380904
- Publication date Dec 1, 2022
- PRC-DeSoto International, Inc.
- Eric L. Morris
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PHOSPHATE COATING WHICH CAN BE SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF HEXAVALENT CHR...
- Publication number 20220195604
- Publication date Jun 23, 2022
- HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORPORATION
- Blair A. Smith
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SEALING FOR ANODIZED METAL
- Publication number 20220127745
- Publication date Apr 28, 2022
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Lei Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
AQUEOUS POST TREATMENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CORROSION PROTECTION
- Publication number 20220119959
- Publication date Apr 21, 2022
- Atotech Deutschland GmbH
- Mike KRÜGER
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METAL SURFACE TREATMENT
- Publication number 20220002562
- Publication date Jan 6, 2022
- RHODIA OPERATIONS
- Marie-Pierre LABEAU
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
SUPER-HYDROPHOBIC MANGANESE DIOXIDE COATING ON METALLIC MATERIAL SU...
- Publication number 20210363644
- Publication date Nov 25, 2021
- East China Jiaotong University
- Dongmian ZANG
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Method for Manufacturing an Environment-Friendly Heat Shielding Fil...
- Publication number 20210355290
- Publication date Nov 18, 2021
- Tai-Gyeong Hwang
- B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR NI-FREE PHOSPHATIZING OF METAL SURFACES AND COMPOSITION...
- Publication number 20210348277
- Publication date Nov 11, 2021
- RHODIA OPERATIONS
- Nawel Souad Khelfallah
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR NI-FREE PHOSPHATIZING OF METAL SURFACES AND COMPOSITION...
- Publication number 20210340676
- Publication date Nov 4, 2021
- CHEMETALL GMBH
- Nawel Souad Khelfallah
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR OBTAINING SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CORROSION-RESISTANT COATINGS
- Publication number 20210292908
- Publication date Sep 23, 2021
- TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED
- Pallavi BANDI
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SANITARY EQUIPMENT PART AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
- Publication number 20210277522
- Publication date Sep 9, 2021
- TOTO LTD.
- Saori Ukigai
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PASSIVATION COMPOSITION BASED ON MIXTURES OF PHOSPHORIC AND PHOSPHO...
- Publication number 20210254219
- Publication date Aug 19, 2021
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Aditi Jadhav
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR TREATING SURFACES OF ALUMINUM CONTAINING SUBSTRATES
- Publication number 20210253870
- Publication date Aug 19, 2021
- RHODIA OPERATIONS
- Lars Sebralla
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Environment-Friendly Heat Shielding Film Using Non-radioactive Stab...
- Publication number 20210246278
- Publication date Aug 12, 2021
- Tai-Gyeong Hwang
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
ABRASION-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR THERMAL INTERFACES
- Publication number 20210212241
- Publication date Jul 8, 2021
- Henkel IP & Holding GmbH
- Pradyumna Goli
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
VACUUM IMPREGNATION OF ANODIC OXIDATION COATING (AOC) TREATED SURFA...
- Publication number 20210180203
- Publication date Jun 17, 2021
- GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC
- Kestutis A. SONTA
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR TREATING SURFACE OF ALUMINUM ARTICLE
- Publication number 20210172072
- Publication date Jun 10, 2021
- SHOWA DENKO K.K.
- Kazuo OTANI
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COMBINED TREATMENT METHOD FOR IMPROVING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF MET...
- Publication number 20210164106
- Publication date Jun 3, 2021
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou Uni...
- Yao XUE
- C21 - METALLURGY OF IRON
Information Patent Application
HIGH-DESIGN SLIDING MEMBER
- Publication number 20210130961
- Publication date May 6, 2021
- NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
- Satoshi WATANABE
- F16 - ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINT...

Chemical after-treatment

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Sanitary equipment part and method of producing the same

Sealing for anodized metal

Sealing process for an anodized aluminum-alloy surface

Method of controlling oxygen vacancy concentration in a semiconduct...

Coated aluminum material and method for producing same

Process for corrosion-protecting pretreatment of a metallic surface...

Metal surface treatment

Method for treating surfaces of aluminum containing substrates

Two part applicator pen

High-design sliding member

Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound

Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...

Surface treatment method of magnesium for the assembly of polymer a...

Alkaline molybdenum cation and phosphonate-containing cleaning comp...

Method for specifically adjusting the electrical conductivity of co...

Environment-friendly heat shielding film using non-radioactive stab...

Processing system and platform for wet atomic layer etching using s...

Permanganate based conversion coating compositions

Method for obtaining superhydrophobic corrosion-resistant coatings

Method of treating surface of metal base, metallic material treated...

Film forming treatment agent for composite chemical conversion film...

Aluminum alloy strip with improved surface appearance

Combined treatment method for improving corrosion resistance of met...

Conveyor frame treatment for suppressing phosphate dragging resulti...

Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic nanosurfaces

Corrosion resistant sol-gel coating and composition and process for...

Preparation method of a coated sheet comprising the application of...

Temporary protective coatings and methods

Treatment liquid for black trivalent chromium conversion coating, t...

Zirconium pretreatment compositions containing molybdenum, associat...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

SEALING FOR ANODIZED METAL

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF A ZINC-BASED METAL COATING IN A HOT-DIP COA...

TWO PART APPLICATOR PEN

Aqueous Pickling Compositions and Their Use

Phosphonate-Free, Aqueous Pickling Compositions and Their Use

MAGNESIUM ALLOY/RESIN COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTUR...

ALUMINUM ALLOY ARTICLES EXHIBITING IMPROVED BOND DURABILITY AND MET...

POROUS OXIDE FOR IMPROVED TITANIUM-POLYMER BONDING

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TREATING A METAL SUBSTRATE

PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR METALS

SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD OF MAGNESIUM FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF POLYMER A...

PERMANGANATE BASED CONVERSION COATING COMPOSITIONS

PHOSPHATE COATING WHICH CAN BE SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF HEXAVALENT CHR...

SEALING FOR ANODIZED METAL

AQUEOUS POST TREATMENT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CORROSION PROTECTION

METAL SURFACE TREATMENT

SUPER-HYDROPHOBIC MANGANESE DIOXIDE COATING ON METALLIC MATERIAL SU...

Method for Manufacturing an Environment-Friendly Heat Shielding Fil...

METHOD FOR NI-FREE PHOSPHATIZING OF METAL SURFACES AND COMPOSITION...

METHOD FOR NI-FREE PHOSPHATIZING OF METAL SURFACES AND COMPOSITION...

METHOD FOR OBTAINING SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CORROSION-RESISTANT COATINGS

SANITARY EQUIPMENT PART AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

PASSIVATION COMPOSITION BASED ON MIXTURES OF PHOSPHORIC AND PHOSPHO...

METHOD FOR TREATING SURFACES OF ALUMINUM CONTAINING SUBSTRATES

Environment-Friendly Heat Shielding Film Using Non-radioactive Stab...

ABRASION-RESISTANT COATINGS FOR THERMAL INTERFACES

VACUUM IMPREGNATION OF ANODIC OXIDATION COATING (AOC) TREATED SURFA...

METHOD FOR TREATING SURFACE OF ALUMINUM ARTICLE

COMBINED TREATMENT METHOD FOR IMPROVING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF MET...

HIGH-DESIGN SLIDING MEMBER