Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

HELECTRICITY H02Electric power H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY

H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks

H02J3/005Arrangements for selectively connecting the load to one among a plurality of power lines or power sources H02J3/006for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails H02J3/008involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights H02J3/01Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples H02J3/02using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power H02J3/04for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources H02J3/06Controlling transfer of power between connected networks Controlling sharing of load between connected networks H02J3/08Synchronising of networks H02J3/10Constant-current supply systems H02J3/12for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load H02J3/14by switching loads on to, or off from, network H02J3/16by adjustment of reactive power H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating, or compensating reactive power in networks H02J3/1807using series compensators H02J3/1814wherein al least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter H02J3/1821using shunt compensators H02J3/1828with stepwise control, the possibility of switching in or out the entire compensating arrangement not being considered as stepwise control H02J3/1835with stepless control H02J3/1842wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter H02J3/185wherein such reactive element is purely inductive H02J3/1857wherein such bridge converter is a multilevel converter H02J3/1864wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch H02J3/1871Methods for planning installation of shunt reactive power compensators H02J3/1878using tap changing or phase shifting transformers H02J3/1885using rotating means H02J3/1892the arrangements being an integral part of the load H02J3/20in long overhead lines H02J3/22in cables H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks H02J3/26Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks H02J3/28Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy H02J3/30using dynamo-electric machines coupled to fly-wheels H02J3/32using batteries with converting means H02J3/34Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers H02J3/381Dispersed generators H02J3/382the generators exploiting renewable energy H02J3/383Solar energy H02J3/385Maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources H02J3/386Wind energy H02J3/387using fuel cells H02J3/40Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator H02J3/42with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved H02J3/44with means for ensuring correct phase sequence H02J3/46Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers H02J3/48Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component H02J3/50Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component