Circuits for servomotor systems

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F15Hydraulics devices F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS

F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems

F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source F15B2211/205Systems with pumps F15B2211/20507Type of prime mover F15B2211/20515Electric motor F15B2211/20523Internal combustion engine F15B2211/2053Type of pump F15B2211/20538constant capacity F15B2211/20546variable capacity F15B2211/20553with pilot circuit F15B2211/20561reversible F15B2211/20569capable of working as pump and motor F15B2211/20576with multiple pumps F15B2211/20584Combinations of pumps with high and low capacity F15B2211/20592Combinations of pumps for supplying high and low pressure F15B2211/21Systems with pressure sources other than pumps F15B2211/212the pressure sources being accumulators F15B2211/214the pressure sources being hydrotransformers F15B2211/216the pressure sources being pneumatic-to-hydraulic converters F15B2211/218the pressure sources being pyrotechnical charges F15B2211/25Pressure control functions F15B2211/251High pressure control F15B2211/252Low pressure control F15B2211/253Pressure margin control F15B2211/255Flow control functions F15B2211/26Power control functions F15B2211/265Control of multiple pressure sources F15B2211/2652without priority F15B2211/2654one or more pressure sources having priority F15B2211/2656by control of the pumps F15B2211/2658by control of the prime movers F15B2211/27Directional control by means of the pressure source F15B2211/275Control of the prime mover F15B2211/30Directional control F15B2211/305characterised by the type of valves F15B2211/30505Non-return valves F15B2211/3051Cross-check valves F15B2211/30515Load holding valves F15B2211/3052Shuttle valves F15B2211/30525Directional control valves F15B2211/3053In combination with a pressure compensating valve F15B2211/30535the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve F15B2211/3054the pressure compensating valve is arranged between directional control valve and output member F15B2211/30545the pressure compensating valve is arranged between output member and directional control valve F15B2211/3055the pressure compensating valve is arranged between directional control valve and return line F15B2211/30555Inlet and outlet of the pressure compensating valve being connected to the directional control valve F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves F15B2211/30565having multiple valves for a single output member F15B2211/3057having two valves, one for each port of a double-acting output member F15B2211/30575in a Wheatstone Bridge arrangement (also half bridges) F15B2211/3058having additional valves for interconnecting the fluid chambers of a double-acting actuator F15B2211/30585having a single valve for multiple output members F15B2211/3059having multiple valves for multiple output members F15B2211/30595with additional valves between the groups of valves for multiple output members F15B2211/31characterised by the positions of the valve element F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions F15B2211/3111the pump port being closed in the centre position F15B2211/3116the pump port being open in the centre position F15B2211/3122Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line F15B2211/3127Floating position connecting the working ports and the return line F15B2211/3133Regenerative position connecting the working ports or connecting the working ports to the pump F15B2211/3138the positions being discrete F15B2211/3144the positions being continuously variable F15B2211/315characterised by the connections of the valve or valves in the circuit F15B2211/31505being connected to a pressure source and a return line F15B2211/31511having a single pressure source F15B2211/31517having multiple pressure sources F15B2211/31523being connected to a pressure source and an output member F15B2211/31529having a single pressure source and a single output member F15B2211/31535having multiple pressure sources and a single output member F15B2211/31541having a single pressure source and multiple output members F15B2211/31547having multiple pressure sources and multiple output members F15B2211/31552being connected to an output member and a return line F15B2211/31558having a single output member F15B2211/31564having multiple output members F15B2211/3157being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line F15B2211/31576having a single pressure source and a single output member F15B2211/31582having multiple pressure sources and a single output member F15B2211/31588having a single pressure source and multiple output members F15B2211/31594having multiple pressure sources and multiple output members F15B2211/32characterised by the type of actuation F15B2211/321mechanically F15B2211/322actuated by biasing means F15B2211/323the biasing means being adjustable F15B2211/324manually F15B2211/325actuated by an output member of the circuit F15B2211/326with follow-up action F15B2211/327electrically or electronically F15B2211/328with signal modulation F15B2211/329actuated by fluid pressure F15B2211/35Directional control combined with flow control F15B2211/351Flow control by regulating means in feed line F15B2211/353Flow control by regulating means in return line F15B2211/355Pilot pressure control F15B2211/36Pilot pressure sensing F15B2211/365Directional control combined with flow control and pressure control F15B2211/40Flow control F15B2211/405characterised by the type of flow control means or valve F15B2211/40507with constant throttles or orifices F15B2211/40515with variable throttles or orifices F15B2211/40523with flow dividers F15B2211/4053using valves F15B2211/40538using volumetric pumps or motors F15B2211/40546with flow combiners F15B2211/40553with pressure compensating valves F15B2211/40561the pressure compensating valve arranged upstream of the flow control means F15B2211/40569the pressure compensating valve arranged downstream of the flow control means F15B2211/40576Assemblies of multiple valves F15B2211/40584the flow control means arranged in parallel with a check valve F15B2211/40592with multiple valves in parallel flow paths F15B2211/41characterised by the positions of the valve element F15B2211/411the positions being discrete F15B2211/413the positions being continuously variable F15B2211/415characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit F15B2211/41509being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve F15B2211/41518being connected to multiple pressure sources F15B2211/41527being connected to an output member and a directional control valve F15B2211/41536being connected to multiple ports of an output member F15B2211/41545being connected to multiple output members F15B2211/41554being connected to a return line and a directional control valve F15B2211/41563being connected to a pressure source and a return line F15B2211/41572being connected to a pressure source and an output member F15B2211/41581being connected to an output member and a return line F15B2211/4159being connected to a pressure source, an output member and a return line F15B2211/42characterised by the type of actuation F15B2211/421mechanically F15B2211/422actuated by biasing means F15B2211/423manually F15B2211/424actuated by an output member of the circuit F15B2211/425with follow-up action F15B2211/426electrically or electronically F15B2211/427with signal modulation F15B2211/428actuated by fluid pressure F15B2211/45Control of bleed-off flow F15B2211/455Control of flow in the feed line F15B2211/46Control of flow in the return lin F15B2211/465Flow control with pressure compensation F15B2211/47Flow control in one direction only F15B2211/473without restriction in the reverse direction F15B2211/476the flow in the reverse direction being blocked F15B2211/50Pressure control F15B2211/505characterised by the type of pressure control means F15B2211/50509the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means F15B2211/50518using pressure relief valves F15B2211/50527using cross-pressure relief valves F15B2211/50536using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line F15B2211/50545using braking valves to maintain a back pressure F15B2211/50554the pressure control means controlling a pressure downstream of the pressure control means F15B2211/50563the pressure control means controlling a differential pressure F15B2211/50572using a pressure compensating valve for controlling the pressure difference across a flow control valve F15B2211/50581using counterbalance valves F15B2211/5059using double counterbalance valves F15B2211/51characterised by the positions of the valve element F15B2211/511the positions being discrete F15B2211/513the positions being continuously variable F15B2211/515characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit F15B2211/5151being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve F15B2211/5152being connected to multiple pressure sources F15B2211/5153being connected to an output member and a directional control valve F15B2211/5154being connected to multiple ports of an output member F15B2211/5155being connected to multiple output members F15B2211/5156being connected to a return line and a directional control valve F15B2211/5157being connected to a pressure source and a return line F15B2211/5158being connected to a pressure source and an output member F15B2211/5159being connected to an output member and a return line F15B2211/52characterised by the type of actuation F15B2211/521mechanically F15B2211/522actuated by biasing means F15B2211/523manually F15B2211/524actuated by an output member of the circuit F15B2211/525with follow-up action F15B2211/526electrically or electronically F15B2211/527with signal modulation F15B2211/528actuated by fluid pressure F15B2211/55for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure F15B2211/555for assuring a minimum pressure F15B2211/56Control of an upstream pressure F15B2211/565Control of a downstream pressure F15B2211/57Control of a differential pressure F15B2211/575Pilot pressure control F15B2211/5753for closing a valve F15B2211/5756for opening a valve F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor F15B2211/605Load sensing circuits F15B2211/6051having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit F15B2211/6052using check valves F15B2211/6054using shuttle valves F15B2211/6055using pressure relief valves F15B2211/6057using directional control valves F15B2211/6058with isolator valves F15B2211/61Secondary circuits F15B2211/611Diverting circuits F15B2211/613Feeding circuits F15B2211/615Filtering means F15B2211/62Cooling or heating means F15B2211/625Accumulators F15B2211/63Electronic controllers F15B2211/6303using input signals F15B2211/6306representing a pressure F15B2211/6309the pressure being a pressure source supply pressure F15B2211/6313the pressure being a load pressure F15B2211/6316the pressure being a pilot pressure F15B2211/632representing a flow rate F15B2211/6323the flow rate being a pressure source flow rate F15B2211/6326the flow rate being an output member flow rate F15B2211/633representing a state of the prime mover F15B2211/6333representing a state of the pressure source F15B2211/6336representing a state of the output member F15B2211/634representing a state of a valve F15B2211/6343representing a temperature F15B2211/6346representing a state of input means F15B2211/635Circuits providing pilot pressure to pilot pressure-controlled fluid circuit elements F15B2211/6355having valve means F15B2211/65Methods of control of the load sensing pressure F15B2211/651characterised by the way the load pressure is communicated to the load sensing circuit F15B2211/652the load sensing pressure being different from the load pressure F15B2211/653the load sensing pressure being higher than the load pressure F15B2211/654the load sensing pressure being lower than the load pressure F15B2211/655Methods of contamination control F15B2211/66Temperature control methods F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components F15B2211/6651Control of the prime mover F15B2211/6652Control of the pressure source F15B2211/6653Pressure control F15B2211/6654Flow rate control F15B2211/6655Power control F15B2211/6656Closed loop control F15B2211/6657Open loop control F15B2211/6658Control using different modes F15B2211/67Methods for controlling pilot pressure F15B2211/70Output members F15B2211/705characterised by the type of output members or actuators F15B2211/7051Linear output members F15B2211/7052Single-acting output members F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members F15B2211/7054Having equal piston areas F15B2211/7055having more than two chambers F15B2211/7056Tandem cylinders F15B2211/7057being of the telescopic type F15B2211/7058Rotary output members F15B2211/71Multiple output members F15B2211/7107the output members being mechanically linked F15B2211/7114with direct connection between the chambers of different actuators F15B2211/7121the chambers being connected in series F15B2211/7128the chambers being connected in parallel F15B2211/7135Combinations of output members of different types F15B2211/7142the output members being arranged in multiple groups F15B2211/715having braking means F15B2211/72having locking means F15B2211/75Control of speed of the output member F15B2211/755Control of acceleration or deceleration of the output member F15B2211/76Control of force or torque of the output member F15B2211/761Control of a negative load F15B2211/763Control of torque of the output member by means of a variable capacity motor F15B2211/765Control of position or angle of the output member F15B2211/7653at distinct positions F15B2211/7656with continuous position control F15B2211/77Control of direction of movement of the output member F15B2211/7708in one direction only F15B2211/7716with automatic return F15B2211/7725with automatic reciprocation F15B2211/7733providing vibrating movement F15B2211/7741with floating mode F15B2211/775Combined control F15B2211/78Control of multiple output members F15B2211/781one or more output members having priority F15B2211/782Concurrent control F15B2211/783Sequential control F15B2211/785Compensation of the difference in flow rate in closed fluid circuits using differential actuators F15B2211/80Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions F15B2211/85Control during special operating conditions F15B2211/851during starting F15B2211/853during stopping F15B2211/855Testing of fluid pressure systems F15B2211/857Monitoring of fluid pressure systems F15B2211/86Control during or prevention of abnormal conditions F15B2211/8603the abnormal condition being an obstacle F15B2211/8606the abnormal condition being a shock F15B2211/8609the abnormal condition being cavitation F15B2211/8613the abnormal condition being oscillations F15B2211/8616the abnormal condition being noise or vibration F15B2211/862the abnormal condition being electric or electronic failure F15B2211/8623Electric supply failure F15B2211/8626Electronic controller failure F15B2211/863the abnormal condition being a hydraulic or pneumatic failure F15B2211/8633Pressure source supply failure F15B2211/8636Circuit failure F15B2211/864Failure of an output member F15B2211/8643the abnormal condition being a human failure F15B2211/8646the abnormal condition being hysteresis F15B2211/865Prevention of failures F15B2211/87Detection of failures F15B2211/875Control measures for coping with failures F15B2211/8752Emergency operation mode F15B2211/8755Emergency shut-down F15B2211/8757using redundant components or assemblies F15B2211/88Control measures for saving energy F15B2211/885Control specific to the type of fluid F15B2211/8855Compressible fluids F15B2211/89Control specific for achieving vacuum or "negative pressure" F15B2211/895Manual override