containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates

Industry

CPC
C23C22/40

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Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C23Surface treatment C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating

Current Industry

C23C22/40containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound
- Patent number 11,759,820
- Issue date Sep 19, 2023
- EWALD DORKEN AG
- Melanie Müller
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...
- Patent number 11,643,732
- Issue date May 9, 2023
- Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- Manabu Inoue
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Solution composition for steel sheet surface treatment, zinc-based...
- Patent number 11,634,819
- Issue date Apr 25, 2023
- Posco
- Soo-Hyoun Cho
- C22 - METALLURGY FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FER...
Information Patent Grant
Solution composition for steel sheet surface treatment, zinc-based...
- Patent number 11,346,003
- Issue date May 31, 2022
- Posco
- Soo-Hyoun Cho
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface CTS anti-corrosion treatment method for stainless steel part
- Patent number 11,319,632
- Issue date May 3, 2022
- SHENZHEN CANDORTECH INCORPORATED COMPANY
- Chao Chen
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Zinc-based plated steel sheet having post-treated coating formed th...
- Patent number 11,255,010
- Issue date Feb 22, 2022
- Posco
- Yeon-Ho Kim
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Chromium-free surface-treated tinplate, production method and surfa...
- Patent number 11,248,298
- Issue date Feb 15, 2022
- Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.
- Peng Li
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface-treated steel material
- Patent number 11,136,659
- Issue date Oct 5, 2021
- NIPPON STEEL COATED SHEET CORPORATION
- Toshiaki Sakamoto
- B32 - LAYERED PRODUCTS
Information Patent Grant
Treatment liquid for black trivalent chromium conversion coating, t...
- Patent number 10,968,520
- Issue date Apr 6, 2021
- Nippon Hyomen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- Kazuyuki Shinozaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface-treatment solution composition containing trivalent chromiu...
- Patent number 10,822,705
- Issue date Nov 3, 2020
- Posco
- Soo-Hyoun Cho
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Corrosion inhibition
- Patent number 10,808,164
- Issue date Oct 20, 2020
- Schlumberger Technology Corporation
- Evgeny Borisovich Barmatov
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound
- Patent number 10,792,702
- Issue date Oct 6, 2020
- Ewald Dorken AG
- Melanie Müller
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Grant
Non-phosphorus chemical conversion treatment agent and treatment li...
- Patent number 10,787,578
- Issue date Sep 29, 2020
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Tatsunori Doda
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Method for corrosion inhibiting additive
- Patent number 10,774,428
- Issue date Sep 15, 2020
- Raytheon Technologies Corporation
- Sarah Arsenault
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Chemical conversion-treated steel sheet and method for producing sa...
- Patent number 10,619,069
- Issue date Apr 14, 2020
- NIPPON STEEL NISSHIN CO., LTD.
- Masanori Matsuno
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Hot-dip zinc-based plated steel sheet
- Patent number 10,549,506
- Issue date Feb 4, 2020
- Nippon Steel Corporation
- Yasuaki Kawamura
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Treatment liquid for trivalent chromium conversion coating and trea...
- Patent number 10,260,151
- Issue date Apr 16, 2019
- Nippon Hyomen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- Kazuyuki Shinozaki
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Chemical conversion agent and metal surface treatment method
- Patent number 10,138,559
- Issue date Nov 27, 2018
- NIPPON PAINT SURF CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
- Akihiro Mizuno
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Reactive-type chemical conversion treatment composition and product...
- Patent number 9,915,006
- Issue date Mar 13, 2018
- Yuken Industry Co., Ltd.
- Yoshiki Hiramatsu
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface processing method for aluminum heat exchanger
- Patent number 9,896,766
- Issue date Feb 20, 2018
- NIPPON PAINT SURF CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
- Akihiro Mizuno
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Surface treatment composition for galvanized steel sheet, surface t...
- Patent number 9,856,380
- Issue date Jan 2, 2018
- POSCO
- Hyun-Tae Kim
- C22 - METALLURGY FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FER...
Information Patent Grant
Surface treatment agent for zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet,...
- Patent number 9,512,331
- Issue date Dec 6, 2016
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Toru Imokawa
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Method for manufacturing zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet and...
- Patent number 9,499,914
- Issue date Nov 22, 2016
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Takeshi Matsuda
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and method for producing the same
- Patent number 9,358,581
- Issue date Jun 7, 2016
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Rie Kaneko
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Chemical conversion coating for protecting magnesium alloys from co...
- Patent number 9,228,263
- Issue date Jan 5, 2016
- NEI Corporation
- Gaurang Bhargava
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Zinc-based metal coated steel sheet
- Patent number 9,127,366
- Issue date Sep 8, 2015
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Takeshi Matsuda
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Grant
Chromium-free solution for treating metal surfaces
- Patent number 8,980,016
- Issue date Mar 17, 2015
- Nihon Hyomen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- Takaaki Sato
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Treatment solution for insulation coating for grain-oriented electr...
- Patent number 8,771,795
- Issue date Jul 8, 2014
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Mineo Muraki
- C21 - METALLURGY OF IRON
Information Patent Grant
Surface-treatment agent, method for producing coated steel sheet us...
- Patent number 8,648,135
- Issue date Feb 11, 2014
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Nobue Fujibayashi
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Grant
Corrosion-protection agent forming a layer of paint and method for...
- Patent number 8,475,883
- Issue date Jul 2, 2013
- BASF Coatings GmbH
- Michael Dornbusch
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
CHEMICALLY ANCHORED MOLD COMPOUNDS IN SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGES
- Publication number 20230272536
- Publication date Aug 31, 2023
- TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED
- Nazila DADVAND
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
CONVERSION COATING FOR CANS CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCING L...
- Publication number 20230107608
- Publication date Apr 6, 2023
- PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC.
- Silvia Bezer
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PH-SENSITIVE CAPSULE AND RELEASE SYSTEM
- Publication number 20220134301
- Publication date May 5, 2022
- Ohio State Innovation Foundation
- Chao LI
- A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE HYGIENE
Information Patent Application
PASSIVATION COMPOSITION COMPRISING A SILANE-MODIFIED SILICATE COMPOUND
- Publication number 20200276610
- Publication date Sep 3, 2020
- Ewald Dorken AG
- Melanie MÜLLER
- C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
ZINC-BASED PLATED STEEL SHEET HAVING POST-TREATED COATING FORMED TH...
- Publication number 20180363119
- Publication date Dec 20, 2018
- POSCO
- Yeon-Ho KIM
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Chromium-Free Surface-Treated Tinplate, Production Method and Surfa...
- Publication number 20180347051
- Publication date Dec 6, 2018
- Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd
- Peng LI
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE
- Publication number 20180073152
- Publication date Mar 15, 2018
- United Technologies Corporation
- Sarah Arsenault
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
CORROSION INHIBITION
- Publication number 20170240796
- Publication date Aug 24, 2017
- SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION
- Evgeny Borisovich Barmatov
- C25 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES APPARATUS THEREFOR
Information Patent Application
NON-PHOSPHORUS CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT AGENT AND TREATMENT LI...
- Publication number 20160237285
- Publication date Aug 18, 2016
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
- Tatsunori Doda
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
CHEMICAL CONVERSION AGENT AND METAL SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD
- Publication number 20160040298
- Publication date Feb 11, 2016
- NIPPON PAINT SURF CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
- Akihiro MIZUNO
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE
- Publication number 20140212354
- Publication date Jul 31, 2014
- Sarah Arsenault-Preece
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...
- Publication number 20140124099
- Publication date May 8, 2014
- DIPSOL CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
- Manabu Inoue
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
ZINC-BASED METAL COATED STEEL SHEET
- Publication number 20130302637
- Publication date Nov 14, 2013
- Takeshi Matsuda
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Application
HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
- Publication number 20130273389
- Publication date Oct 17, 2013
- JFE Steel Corporation
- Rie Kaneko
- B05 - SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL APPLYING LIQUIDS OR OTHER FLUENT MATER...
Information Patent Application
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET AND...
- Publication number 20130177779
- Publication date Jul 11, 2013
- JFE STEEL CORPORATION
- Takeshi Matsuda
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE TREATMENT AGENT FOR ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET,...
- Publication number 20130084453
- Publication date Apr 4, 2013
- JFE STEEL CORPORATION
- Toru Imokawa
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
CORROSION-RESISTANT MULTILAYER VARNISH AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTIO...
- Publication number 20120128885
- Publication date May 24, 2012
- BASF COATINGS GMBH
- Michael Dornbusch
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
SURFACE-TREATMENT AGENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING COATED STEEL SHEET US...
- Publication number 20120114957
- Publication date May 10, 2012
- JFE STEEL CORPORATION
- Nobue Fujibayashi
- C08 - ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION FOR CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT, AND PROCESS FOR PROD...
- Publication number 20120018053
- Publication date Jan 26, 2012
- YUKEN INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
- Yasuhiro Nagaya
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
TREATMENT SOLUTION FOR INSULATION COATING FOR GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTR...
- Publication number 20110236581
- Publication date Sep 29, 2011
- JFE STEEL CORPORATION
- Mineo Muraki
- C21 - METALLURGY OF IRON
Information Patent Application
TRIVALENT CHROMIUM CONVERSION COATING
- Publication number 20110151126
- Publication date Jun 23, 2011
- Glenn A. Metts
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Chromium-free solution for treating metal surfaces
- Publication number 20110041958
- Publication date Feb 24, 2011
- Nihon Hyomen Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
- Takaaki Sato
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DARKENING AND IMPARTING CORROSION-RESI...
- Publication number 20100297354
- Publication date Nov 25, 2010
- METAL COATINGS INTERNATIONAL INC.
- Michelle R. Pearce
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Chrome-Free Composition of Low Temperature Curing for Treating A Me...
- Publication number 20100273013
- Publication date Oct 28, 2010
- POSCO
- Yeong-Sool Jin
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...
- Publication number 20100203327
- Publication date Aug 12, 2010
- DIPSOL CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
- Manabu Inoue
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
PROCESS FOR CORROSION-PROOFING METALLIC SUBSTRATES
- Publication number 20100098842
- Publication date Apr 22, 2010
- BASF COATINGS AG
- Michael Dornbusch
- C25 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES APPARATUS THEREFOR
Information Patent Application
CHROMIUM-FREE CONVERSION COATING
- Publication number 20100009083
- Publication date Jan 14, 2010
- The Boeing Company
- Francisco Jesus Cano-Iranzo
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...
Information Patent Application
Composition and method for controlling galvanic corrosion in printe...
- Publication number 20090123656
- Publication date May 14, 2009
- Ernest Long
- B23 - MACHINE TOOLS METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
Information Patent Application
Method of forming a multilayer, corrosion-resistant finish
- Publication number 20090032145
- Publication date Feb 5, 2009
- Pavco, Inc.
- Leonard L. Diaddario, JR.
- C25 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES APPARATUS THEREFOR
Information Patent Application
CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE
- Publication number 20090004486
- Publication date Jan 1, 2009
- Sarah Arsenault
- C23 - COATING METALLIC MATERIAL COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL CHEMI...

containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound

Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...

Solution composition for steel sheet surface treatment, zinc-based...

Solution composition for steel sheet surface treatment, zinc-based...

Surface CTS anti-corrosion treatment method for stainless steel part

Zinc-based plated steel sheet having post-treated coating formed th...

Chromium-free surface-treated tinplate, production method and surfa...

Surface-treated steel material

Treatment liquid for black trivalent chromium conversion coating, t...

Surface-treatment solution composition containing trivalent chromiu...

Corrosion inhibition

Passivation composition comprising a silane-modified silicate compound

Non-phosphorus chemical conversion treatment agent and treatment li...

Method for corrosion inhibiting additive

Chemical conversion-treated steel sheet and method for producing sa...

Hot-dip zinc-based plated steel sheet

Treatment liquid for trivalent chromium conversion coating and trea...

Chemical conversion agent and metal surface treatment method

Reactive-type chemical conversion treatment composition and product...

Surface processing method for aluminum heat exchanger

Surface treatment composition for galvanized steel sheet, surface t...

Surface treatment agent for zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet,...

Method for manufacturing zinc or zinc alloy coated steel sheet and...

Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and method for producing the same

Chemical conversion coating for protecting magnesium alloys from co...

Zinc-based metal coated steel sheet

Chromium-free solution for treating metal surfaces

Treatment solution for insulation coating for grain-oriented electr...

Surface-treatment agent, method for producing coated steel sheet us...

Corrosion-protection agent forming a layer of paint and method for...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

CHEMICALLY ANCHORED MOLD COMPOUNDS IN SEMICONDUCTOR PACKAGES

CONVERSION COATING FOR CANS CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCING L...

PH-SENSITIVE CAPSULE AND RELEASE SYSTEM

PASSIVATION COMPOSITION COMPRISING A SILANE-MODIFIED SILICATE COMPOUND

ZINC-BASED PLATED STEEL SHEET HAVING POST-TREATED COATING FORMED TH...

Chromium-Free Surface-Treated Tinplate, Production Method and Surfa...

METHOD FOR CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE

CORROSION INHIBITION

NON-PHOSPHORUS CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT AGENT AND TREATMENT LI...

CHEMICAL CONVERSION AGENT AND METAL SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD

METHOD FOR CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE

Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...

ZINC-BASED METAL COATED STEEL SHEET

HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET AND...

SURFACE TREATMENT AGENT FOR ZINC OR ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET,...

CORROSION-RESISTANT MULTILAYER VARNISH AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTIO...

SURFACE-TREATMENT AGENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING COATED STEEL SHEET US...

COMPOSITION FOR CHEMICAL CONVERSION TREATMENT, AND PROCESS FOR PROD...

TREATMENT SOLUTION FOR INSULATION COATING FOR GRAIN-ORIENTED ELECTR...

TRIVALENT CHROMIUM CONVERSION COATING

Chromium-free solution for treating metal surfaces

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DARKENING AND IMPARTING CORROSION-RESI...

Chrome-Free Composition of Low Temperature Curing for Treating A Me...

Corrosion-resistant trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating...

PROCESS FOR CORROSION-PROOFING METALLIC SUBSTRATES

CHROMIUM-FREE CONVERSION COATING

Composition and method for controlling galvanic corrosion in printe...

Method of forming a multilayer, corrosion-resistant finish

CORROSION INHIBITING ADDITIVE