Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C01Inorganic chemistry C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C

C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas

C01B2203/02Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B2203/0205containing a reforming step C01B2203/0211containing a non-catalytic reforming step C01B2203/0216containing a non-catalytic steam reforming step C01B2203/0222containing a non-catalytic carbon dioxide reforming step C01B2203/0227containing a catalytic reforming step C01B2203/0233the reforming step being a steam reforming step C01B2203/0238the reforming step being a carbon dioxide reforming step C01B2203/0244the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step C01B2203/025containing a partial oxidation step C01B2203/0255containing a non-catalytic partial oxidation step C01B2203/0261containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO] C01B2203/0266containing a decomposition step C01B2203/0272containing a non-catalytic decomposition step C01B2203/0277containing a catalytic decomposition step C01B2203/0283containing a CO-shift step C01B2203/0288containing two CO-shift steps C01B2203/0294containing three or more CO-shift steps C01B2203/04containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas C01B2203/0405Purification by membrane separation C01B2203/041In-situ membrane purification during hydrogen production C01B2203/0415Purification by absorption in liquids C01B2203/042Purification by adsorption on solids C01B2203/0425In-situ adsorption process during hydrogen production C01B2203/043Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration C01B2203/0435Catalytic purification C01B2203/044Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide C01B2203/0445Selective methanation C01B2203/045Purification by catalytic desulfurisation C01B2203/0455Purification by non-catalytic desulfurisation C01B2203/046Purification by cryogenic separation C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity C01B2203/047the impurety being carbon monoxide C01B2203/0475the impurety being carbon dioxide C01B2203/048the impurety being an organic compound C01B2203/0485the impurety being a sulfur compound C01B2203/049the impurety being carbon C01B2203/0495the impurety being water C01B2203/06Integration with other chemical processes C01B2203/061Methanol production C01B2203/062Hydrocarbon production C01B2203/063Refinery processes C01B2203/065using hydrotreating C01B2203/066with fuel cells C01B2203/067the reforming process taking place in the fuel cell C01B2203/068Ammonia synthesis C01B2203/08Methods of heating or cooling C01B2203/0805Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B2203/0811by combustion of fuel C01B2203/0816Heating by flames C01B2203/0822the fuel containing hydrogen C01B2203/0827at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream C01B2203/0833Heating by indirect heat exchange with hot fluids, other than combustion gases, product gases or non-combustive exothermic reaction product gases C01B2203/0838by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel C01B2203/0844the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294 C01B2203/085by electric heating C01B2203/0855by electromagnetic heating C01B2203/0861by plasma C01B2203/0866by combination of different heating methods C01B2203/0872Methods of cooling C01B2203/0877by direct injection of fluid C01B2203/0883by indirect heat exchange C01B2203/0888by evaporation of a fluid C01B2203/0894Generation of steam C01B2203/10Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions C01B2203/1005Arrangement or shape of catalyst C01B2203/1011Packed bed of catalytic structures C01B2203/1017characterised by the form of the structure C01B2203/1023Catalysts in the form of a monolith or honeycomb C01B2203/1029Catalysts in the form of a foam C01B2203/1035Catalyst coated on equipment surfaces C01B2203/1041Composition of the catalyst C01B2203/1047Group VIII metal catalysts C01B2203/1052Nickel or cobalt catalysts C01B2203/1058Nickel catalysts C01B2203/1064Platinum group metal catalysts C01B2203/107Platinum catalysts C01B2203/1076Copper or zinc-based catalysts C01B2203/1082Composition of support materials C01B2203/1088Non-supported catalysts C01B2203/1094Promotors or activators C01B2203/12Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B2203/1205Composition of the feed C01B2203/1211Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B2203/1217Alcohols C01B2203/1223Methanol C01B2203/1229Ethanol C01B2203/1235Hydrocarbons C01B2203/1241Natural gas or methane C01B2203/1247Higher hydrocarbons C01B2203/1252Cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons C01B2203/1258Pre-treatment of the feed C01B2203/1264Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed C01B2203/127Catalytic desulfurisation C01B2203/1276Mixing of different feed components C01B2203/1282using static mixers C01B2203/1288Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components C01B2203/1294Evaporation by heat exchange with hot process stream C01B2203/14Details of the flowsheet C01B2203/141At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel C01B2203/142At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series C01B2203/143Three or more reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series C01B2203/145At least two purification steps in parallel C01B2203/146At least two purification steps in series C01B2203/147Three or more purification steps in series C01B2203/148involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B2203/16Controlling the process C01B2203/1604Starting up the process C01B2203/1609Shutting down the process C01B2203/1614Controlling the temperature C01B2203/1619Measuring the temperature C01B2203/1623Adjusting the temperature C01B2203/1628Controlling the pressure C01B2203/1633Measuring the pressure C01B2203/1638Adjusting the pressure C01B2203/1642Controlling the product C01B2203/1647Controlling the amount of the product C01B2203/1652Measuring the amount of product C01B2203/1657the product being hydrogen C01B2203/1661the product being carbon monoxide C01B2203/1666the product being carbon dioxide C01B2203/1671Controlling the composition of the product C01B2203/1676Measuring the composition of the product C01B2203/168Adjusting the composition of the product C01B2203/1685Control based on demand of downstream process C01B2203/169Controlling the feed C01B2203/1695Adjusting the feed of the combustion C01B2203/80Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695 C01B2203/82Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus C01B2203/84Energy production C01B2203/86Carbon dioxide sequestration