linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links

Industry

CPC
C09K19/20

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Parent Industries

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C09Paints, dyes C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE C09K19/00Liquid crystal materials

Current Industry

C09K19/20linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links

Industries

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Information Patent Grant
Dielectric materials
- Patent number 11,959,007
- Issue date Apr 16, 2024
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Frank Meyer
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polymerizable compound, preparation method therefor, and use thereof
- Patent number 11,939,508
- Issue date Mar 26, 2024
- BEIJING BAYI SPACE LCD TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD
- Xiong Dai
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polarizer and image display device
- Patent number 11,921,308
- Issue date Mar 5, 2024
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Wataru Hoshino
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Solid foam comprising mesogenic ligand-functionalized nanoparticles...
- Patent number 11,891,558
- Issue date Feb 6, 2024
- The Regents of the University of California
- Linda Hirst
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition, optical film, circularly polarizing pla...
- Patent number 11,834,600
- Issue date Dec 5, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Keisuke Kodama
- G02 - OPTICS
Information Patent Grant
Dielectric copolymer materials
- Patent number 11,834,598
- Issue date Dec 5, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Gregor Larbig
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Organic solid crystals having helical structures formed using chole...
- Patent number 11,796,856
- Issue date Oct 24, 2023
- Meta Platforms Technologies, LLC
- Sheng Ye
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid-crystal medium
- Patent number 11,781,069
- Issue date Oct 10, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Kirsten (Min-Chu) Liao
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Mesogen compounds
- Patent number 11,773,326
- Issue date Oct 3, 2023
- Transitions Optical, Ltd.
- Ramaiahgari Reddy
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Optically anisotropic layer, method of manufacturing the same, lami...
- Patent number 11,740,398
- Issue date Aug 29, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Ayako Muramatsu
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition, light absorption anisotropic film, lami...
- Patent number 11,732,192
- Issue date Aug 22, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Hiroshi Matsuyama
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Organic ligands for templatable mesoscale nanocapsules
- Patent number 11,708,530
- Issue date Jul 25, 2023
- The Regents of the University of California
- Benjamin J. Stokes
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Grant
Polymerizable composition and optically anisotropic body using same
- Patent number 11,697,695
- Issue date Jul 11, 2023
- DIC Corporation
- Kouichi Endo
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polymerizable liquid crystal material and polymerized liquid crysta...
- Patent number 11,697,769
- Issue date Jul 11, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Stephen Mulcahy
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition, method for producing high-molecular wei...
- Patent number 11,697,770
- Issue date Jul 11, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Hiroshi Matsuyama
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Direct mapping of local director field of nematic liquid crystals a...
- Patent number 11,680,207
- Issue date Jun 20, 2023
- The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
- Shu Yang
- G01 - MEASURING TESTING
Information Patent Grant
Liquid-crystal medium
- Patent number 11,655,417
- Issue date May 23, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Su-Young Kim
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal mixture and light modulating device using the same
- Patent number 11,643,600
- Issue date May 9, 2023
- SMART LIQUID CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
- Hongwei Zhang
- G02 - OPTICS
Information Patent Grant
Optical film, circularly polarizing plate, and display device
- Patent number 11,635,559
- Issue date Apr 25, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Shuhei Okuda
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition and use thereof
- Patent number 11,629,291
- Issue date Apr 18, 2023
- Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd.
- Wenyang Ma
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition
- Patent number 11,613,702
- Issue date Mar 28, 2023
- Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
- Noriyuki Hida
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Grant
Optically anisotropic layer, method of manufacturing the same, lami...
- Patent number 11,614,575
- Issue date Mar 28, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Ayako Muramatsu
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Optical film comprising a stretched resin film and a liquid crystal...
- Patent number 11,592,703
- Issue date Feb 28, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Yuta Fukushima
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
LCD panel, manufacturing method thereof, and LCD device
- Patent number 11,586,076
- Issue date Feb 21, 2023
- TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.
- Xingwu Chen
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystalline composition, side chain type polymer liquid crys...
- Patent number 11,578,270
- Issue date Feb 14, 2023
- FUJIFILM Corporation
- Hiroshi Matsuyama
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Photoreactive liquid crystal composition, display element, optical...
- Patent number 11,560,517
- Issue date Jan 24, 2023
- UNIVERSITY OF HYOGO
- Tomoyuki Sasaki
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element
- Patent number 11,555,152
- Issue date Jan 17, 2023
- DIC Corporation
- Marina Goto
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Dielectric devices and methods of fabrication
- Patent number 11,525,087
- Issue date Dec 13, 2022
- PPG Industries Ohio, Inc.
- Cynthia Kutchko
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Grant
Display substrate having wavelength-actuatable color filter, displa...
- Patent number 11,499,056
- Issue date Nov 15, 2022
- BEIJING BOE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
- Feifei Wang
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Grant
Polymerizable liquid crystal material, polymerizable liquid crystal...
- Patent number 11,492,552
- Issue date Nov 8, 2022
- Zeon Corporation
- Shunpei Nakajima
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

Information Patent Application
COMPOSITION, FILM, LAMINATE, AND DISPLAY DEVICE
- Publication number 20240114769
- Publication date Apr 4, 2024
- SUMITOMO CHEMICAL COMPANY, LIMITED
- Keisuke TAKAHASHI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE
- Publication number 20240052242
- Publication date Feb 15, 2024
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Matthias BREMER
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOUNDS
- Publication number 20240043747
- Publication date Feb 8, 2024
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Matthias BREMER
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRI...
- Publication number 20240026223
- Publication date Jan 25, 2024
- Jiangsu Hecheng Display Technology Co., Ltd.
- Yunyun LIU
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
ULTRA-HIGH-POLARITY CHIRAL LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL, LIQUID CRYSTAL...
- Publication number 20240019746
- Publication date Jan 18, 2024
- SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
- Satoshi AYA
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Mesogen Compounds
- Publication number 20230383187
- Publication date Nov 30, 2023
- Transitions Optical, Ltd.
- Ramaiahgari Reddy
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID-CRYSTAL MEDIUM
- Publication number 20230323209
- Publication date Oct 12, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Jing WANG
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, LAMI...
- Publication number 20230314680
- Publication date Oct 5, 2023
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Ayako MURAMATSU
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
POLYMERISABLE LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL AND POLYMERISED LIQUID CRYSTA...
- Publication number 20230265344
- Publication date Aug 24, 2023
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Stephen MULCAHY
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIGHT COLOR CONVERSION MATERIAL AND LIGHT COLOR CONVERSION INK
- Publication number 20230212459
- Publication date Jul 6, 2023
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Pao-Ju Hsieh
- B82 - NANO-TECHNOLOGY
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND DIMMING DEVICE THEREOF
- Publication number 20230205030
- Publication date Jun 29, 2023
- Smart Liquid Crystal Technologies Co., Ltd.
- Hongwei ZHANG
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, LIQUID CRYSTAL CURED LAYER, OPTICAL FIL...
- Publication number 20230183574
- Publication date Jun 15, 2023
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Toshikazu SUMI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
Polymer Stabilized Paraboloid Liquid Crystal Microlenses Array With...
- Publication number 20230174864
- Publication date Jun 8, 2023
- Antal Jákli
- G02 - OPTICS
Information Patent Application
POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND USE THEREOF
- Publication number 20230142277
- Publication date May 11, 2023
- BEIJING BAYl SPACE LCD TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
- Xiong DAI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ELEMENT AND COMP...
- Publication number 20230131540
- Publication date Apr 27, 2023
- DIC CORPORATION
- Yuichi INOUE
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
TRANSFER FILM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING TRANSFER FILM, POLARIZING PLATE...
- Publication number 20230108014
- Publication date Apr 6, 2023
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Yoshinori MAEDA
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
ALIGNMENT FILM, DISPLAY DEVICE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING DISPLAY DEVICE...
- Publication number 20230046964
- Publication date Feb 16, 2023
- MASANOBU MIZUSAKI
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
ARRAY SUBSTRATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE
- Publication number 20230017104
- Publication date Jan 19, 2023
- BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO., LTD.
- Hongfei CHENG
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
COMPOUND AND LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION
- Publication number 20230002679
- Publication date Jan 5, 2023
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Yuki FUKUSHIMA
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
OPTICAL FILM, CIRCULARLY POLARIZING PLATE, AND IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS
- Publication number 20230004044
- Publication date Jan 5, 2023
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Yuta FUKUSHIMA
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
- Publication number 20220380673
- Publication date Dec 1, 2022
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Simon SIEMIANOWSKI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
- Publication number 20220372372
- Publication date Nov 24, 2022
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Takahiro HAYASHI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, LAMI...
- Publication number 20220350067
- Publication date Nov 3, 2022
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Ayako MURAMATSU
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID-CRYSTAL MEDIA AND PNLC LIGHT MODULATION ELEMENT
- Publication number 20220348827
- Publication date Nov 3, 2022
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Stephen MULCAHY
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIA
- Publication number 20220315838
- Publication date Oct 6, 2022
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Melanie Klasen-Memmer
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LCD PANEL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND LCD DEVICE
- Publication number 20220308404
- Publication date Sep 29, 2022
- TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.
- Xingwu CHEN
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FILM, POLARIZING PLATE, AND IM...
- Publication number 20220267675
- Publication date Aug 25, 2022
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Toshikazu SUMI
- H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
Information Patent Application
REACTIVE MESOGENS
- Publication number 20220234988
- Publication date Jul 28, 2022
- Merck Patent GmbH
- Jack Bradford
- C07 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Information Patent Application
OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FILM, POLARIZING PLATE, AND IM...
- Publication number 20220228064
- Publication date Jul 21, 2022
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Masaaki SUZUKI
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...
Information Patent Application
LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FI...
- Publication number 20220220382
- Publication date Jul 14, 2022
- FUJIFILM CORPORATION
- Hiroshi INADA
- C09 - DYES PAINTS POLISHES NATURAL RESINS ADHESIVES MISCELLANEOUS COMPOSITION...

linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links

Industry

Parent Industries

Current Industry

Patents Grantslast 30 patents

Dielectric materials

Polymerizable compound, preparation method therefor, and use thereof

Polarizer and image display device

Solid foam comprising mesogenic ligand-functionalized nanoparticles...

Liquid crystal composition, optical film, circularly polarizing pla...

Dielectric copolymer materials

Organic solid crystals having helical structures formed using chole...

Liquid-crystal medium

Mesogen compounds

Optically anisotropic layer, method of manufacturing the same, lami...

Liquid crystal composition, light absorption anisotropic film, lami...

Organic ligands for templatable mesoscale nanocapsules

Polymerizable composition and optically anisotropic body using same

Polymerizable liquid crystal material and polymerized liquid crysta...

Liquid crystal composition, method for producing high-molecular wei...

Direct mapping of local director field of nematic liquid crystals a...

Liquid-crystal medium

Liquid crystal mixture and light modulating device using the same

Optical film, circularly polarizing plate, and display device

Liquid crystal composition and use thereof

Liquid crystal composition

Optically anisotropic layer, method of manufacturing the same, lami...

Optical film comprising a stretched resin film and a liquid crystal...

LCD panel, manufacturing method thereof, and LCD device

Liquid crystalline composition, side chain type polymer liquid crys...

Photoreactive liquid crystal composition, display element, optical...

Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal display element

Dielectric devices and methods of fabrication

Display substrate having wavelength-actuatable color filter, displa...

Polymerizable liquid crystal material, polymerizable liquid crystal...

Patents Applicationslast 30 patents

COMPOSITION, FILM, LAMINATE, AND DISPLAY DEVICE

LIQUID CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOUNDS

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRI...

ULTRA-HIGH-POLARITY CHIRAL LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL, LIQUID CRYSTAL...

Mesogen Compounds

LIQUID-CRYSTAL MEDIUM

OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, LAMI...

POLYMERISABLE LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIAL AND POLYMERISED LIQUID CRYSTA...

LIGHT COLOR CONVERSION MATERIAL AND LIGHT COLOR CONVERSION INK

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND DIMMING DEVICE THEREOF

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, LIQUID CRYSTAL CURED LAYER, OPTICAL FIL...

Polymer Stabilized Paraboloid Liquid Crystal Microlenses Array With...

POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND USE THEREOF

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ELEMENT AND COMP...

TRANSFER FILM, METHOD FOR PRODUCING TRANSFER FILM, POLARIZING PLATE...

ALIGNMENT FILM, DISPLAY DEVICE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING DISPLAY DEVICE...

ARRAY SUBSTRATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE

COMPOUND AND LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION

OPTICAL FILM, CIRCULARLY POLARIZING PLATE, AND IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS

LIQUID CRYSTAL MIXTURE AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

CHOLESTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, LAMI...

LIQUID-CRYSTAL MEDIA AND PNLC LIGHT MODULATION ELEMENT

LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIA

LCD PANEL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND LCD DEVICE

OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FILM, POLARIZING PLATE, AND IM...

REACTIVE MESOGENS

OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FILM, POLARIZING PLATE, AND IM...

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, OPTICALLY ANISOTROPIC LAYER, OPTICAL FI...