Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes

CCHEMISTRY METALLURGY C21Iron metallurgy C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL

C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes

C21B13/0006obtaining iron or steel in a molten state C21B13/0013introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant C21B13/002Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon C21B13/0026introduction of iron oxide in the flame of a burner or a hot gas stream C21B13/0033In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material C21B13/004in a continuous way by reduction from ores C21B13/0046making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide C21B13/0053On a massing grate C21B13/006Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides C21B13/0066Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant C21B13/0073Selection or treatment of the reducing gases C21B13/008Use of special additives or fluxing agents C21B13/0086Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores C21B13/0093Protecting against oxidation C21B13/02in shaft furnaces C21B13/023wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state C21B13/026heated electrically C21B13/04in retorts C21B13/06in multi-storied furnaces C21B13/08in rotary furnaces C21B13/085wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state C21B13/10in hearth-type furnaces C21B13/105Rotary hearth-type furnaces C21B13/12in electric furnaces C21B13/125By using plasma C21B13/14Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces C21B13/143Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath C21B13/146Multi-step reduction without melting