Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes

BPERFORMING OPERATIONS TRANSPORTING B01Physical, chemical processing B01DSEPARATION

B01D61/00Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes

B01D61/002Forward osmosis, direct osmosis B01D61/005Osmotic agents, draw solutions B01D61/007Separation by stereostructure, steric separation B01D61/02Reverse osmosis Hyperfiltration; Nanofiltration B01D61/022comprising multiple reverse osmosis, hyperfiltration or nanofiltration steps B01D61/025Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration B01D61/027Nanofiltration B01D61/04Feed pretreatment B01D61/06Energy recovery B01D61/08Apparatus therefor B01D61/10Accessories Auxiliary operations B01D61/12Controlling or regulating B01D61/14Ultrafiltration Microfiltration B01D61/142comprising multiple ultrafiltration or microfiltration steps B01D61/145Ultrafiltration B01D61/147Microfiltration B01D61/16Feed pretreatment B01D61/18Apparatus therefor B01D61/20Accessories Auxiliary operations B01D61/22Controlling or regulating B01D61/24Dialysis; Membrane extraction B01D61/243Dialysis B01D61/246Membrane extraction B01D61/28Apparatus therefor B01D61/30Accessories Auxiliary operations B01D61/32Controlling or regulating B01D61/36Pervaporation Membrane distillation Liquid permeation B01D61/362Pervaporation B01D61/364Membrane distillation B01D61/366Apparatus therefor B01D61/368Accessories; Auxiliary operations B01D61/38Liquid-membrane separation B01D61/40using emulsion-type membranes B01D61/42Electrodialysis Electro-osmosis Electro-ultrafiltration B01D61/422Electrodialysis B01D61/425Electro-ultrafiltration B01D61/427Electro-osmosis B01D61/44Ion-selective electrodialysis B01D61/445with bipolar membranes; Water splitting B01D61/46Apparatus therefor B01D61/48having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material B01D61/485Specific features relating to the ion-exchange material B01D61/50Stacks of the plate-and-frame type B01D61/52Accessories Auxiliary operations B01D61/54Controlling or regulating B01D61/56Electro-osmotic de-watering B01D61/58Multistep processes