Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F16Engineering elements F16FSPRINGS SHOCK-ABSORBERS MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION

F16F9/00Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium

F16F9/003Dampers characterised by having pressure absorbing means other than gas F16F9/006characterised by the nature of the damping medium F16F9/02using gas only or vacuum F16F9/0209Telescopic F16F9/0218Mono-tubular units F16F9/0227characterised by the piston construction F16F9/0236characterised by having a hollow piston rod F16F9/0245Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or dampers F16F9/0254mechanically lockable F16F9/0263characterised by actuation means F16F9/0272with control rod extending through the piston rod into the piston F16F9/0281Details F16F9/029electrical F16F9/04in a chamber with a flexible wall F16F9/0409characterised by the wall structure F16F9/0418having a particular shape F16F9/0427toroidal F16F9/0436characterised by being contained in a generally closed space F16F9/0445characterised by intermediate rings or other not embedded reinforcing elements F16F9/0454characterised by the assembling method or by the mounting arrangement F16F9/0463with separate crimping rings F16F9/0472characterised by comprising a damping device F16F9/0481provided in an opening to the exterior atmosphere F16F9/049multi-chamber units F16F9/05the flexible wall being of the rolling diaphragm type F16F9/052characterised by the bumper F16F9/055having a double diaphragm construction F16F9/057characterised by the piston F16F9/06using both gas and liquid F16F9/061Mono-tubular units F16F9/062Bi-tubular units F16F9/063comprising a hollow piston rod F16F9/064Units characterised by the location or shape of the expansion chamber F16F9/065Expansion chamber provided on the upper or lower end of a damper, separately there from or laterally on the damper F16F9/066Units characterised by the partition, baffle or like element F16F9/067Partitions of the piston type F16F9/068where the throttling of a gas flow provides damping action F16F9/08where gas is in a chamber with a flexible wall F16F9/081being of the fluid displacement type F16F9/082characterised by the hydropneumatic accumulator F16F9/084comprising a gas spring contained within a flexible wall, the wall not being in contact with the damping fluid F16F9/088comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided within the cylinder on the piston rod of a monotubular damper or within the inner tube of a bitubular damper F16F9/092comprising a gas spring with a flexible wall provided between the tubes of a bitubular damper F16F9/096comprising a hydropneumatic accumulator of the membrane type provided on the upper or the lower end of a damper or separately from or laterally on the damper F16F9/10using liquid only using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial F16F9/103Devices with one or more members moving linearly to and fro in chambers, any throttling effect being immaterial F16F9/106Squeeze-tube devices F16F9/12Devices with one or more rotary vanes turning in the fluid any throttling effect being immaterial F16F9/125characterised by adjustment means F16F9/14Devices with one or more members F16F9/145involving only rotary movement of the effective parts F16F9/16involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts F16F9/165with two or more cylinders in line F16F9/18with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein F16F9/182comprising a hollow piston rod F16F9/185Bitubular units F16F9/187with uni-directional flow of damping fluid through the valves F16F9/19with a single cylinder and of single-tube type F16F9/20with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder F16F9/22with one or more cylinders each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger F16F9/26with two cylinders in line and with the two pistons or plungers connected together F16F9/28with two parallel cylinders and with the two pistons or plungers connected together F16F9/285by a rocker arm F16F9/30with solid or semi-solid material F16F9/303the damper being of the telescopic type F16F9/306of the constrained layer type F16F9/32Details F16F9/3207Constructional features F16F9/3214of pistons F16F9/3221of piston rods F16F9/3228of connections between pistons and piston rods F16F9/3235of cylinders F16F9/3242of cylinder ends F16F9/325for attachment of valve units F16F9/3257in twin-tube type devices F16F9/3264Arrangements for indicating F16F9/3271Assembly or repair F16F9/3278for lubrication F16F9/3285for filtering F16F9/3292Sensor arrangements F16F9/34Special valve constructions Shape or construction of throttling passages F16F9/3405Throttling passages in or on piston body F16F9/341comprising noise-reducing or like features F16F9/3415characterised by comprising plastics, elastomeric or porous elements F16F9/342Throttling passages operating with metering pins F16F9/344Vortex flow passages F16F9/346Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls F16F9/3465Slots having a variable section along their length F16F9/348Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action , operating in opposite directions or singly F16F9/3481characterised by shape or construction of throttling passages in piston F16F9/3482the annular discs being incorporated within the valve or piston body F16F9/3484characterised by features of the annular discs per se, singularly or in combination F16F9/3485characterised by features of supporting elements intended to guide or limit the movement of the annular discs F16F9/3487with spacers or spacing rings F16F9/3488characterised by features intended to affect valve bias or pre-stress F16F9/36Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods F16F9/361Sealings of the bellows-type F16F9/362Combination of sealing and guide arrangements for piston rods F16F9/363the guide being mounted between the piston and the sealing, enabling lubrication of the guide F16F9/364of multi-tube dampers F16F9/365the sealing arrangement having a pressurised chamber separated from the damping medium F16F9/366functioning as guide only F16F9/367allowing misalignment of the piston rod F16F9/368Sealings in pistons F16F9/369Sealings for elements other than pistons or piston rods F16F9/38Covers for protection or appearance F16F9/42Cooling arrangements F16F9/43Filling or drainage arrangements F16F9/432via piston rod sealing or guiding means F16F9/435via opening in cylinder wall F16F9/437Drainage arrangements F16F9/44Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment Such means combined with temperature correction F16F9/443manually adjusted while the damper is fully retracted or extended in a non-operational mode by rotating mechanical means that have engaged between the piston and one end of the cylinder F16F9/446Adjustment of valve bias or pre-stress F16F9/46allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves F16F9/461characterised by actuation means F16F9/462Rotary actuation means F16F9/463characterised by electrical connections F16F9/464Control of valve bias or pre-stress F16F9/465using servo control, the servo pressure being created by the flow of damping fluid F16F9/466Throttling control F16F9/467using rotary valves F16F9/468controlling at least one bypass to main flow path F16F9/469Valves incorporated in the piston F16F9/48Arrangements for providing different damping effects at different parts of the stroke F16F9/483characterised by giving a particular shape to the cylinder F16F9/486comprising a pin or stem co-operating with an aperture F16F9/49Stops limiting fluid passage F16F9/50Special means providing automatic damping adjustment F16F9/504Inertia F16F9/512Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper F16F9/5123responsive to the static or steady-state load on the damper F16F9/5126Piston, or piston-like valve elements F16F9/516resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension F16F9/5165by use of spherical valve elements or like free-moving bodies F16F9/52in case of change of temperature F16F9/523with coil or spiral of bimetallic elements being used to change flow cross-section F16F9/526Self-adjustment of fluid springs F16F9/53Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity F16F9/532Electrorheological [ER] fluid dampers F16F9/535Magnetorheological [MR] fluid dampers F16F9/537specially adapted valves therefor F16F9/54Arrangements for attachment F16F9/56Means for adjusting the length of, or for locking, the spring or damper F16F9/58Stroke limiting stops F16F9/585within the cylinder, in contact with working fluid