Springs

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F16Engineering elements F16FSPRINGS SHOCK-ABSORBERS MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION

F16F1/00Springs

F16F1/02made of steel or other material having low internal friction Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant F16F1/021characterised by their composition F16F1/022made of ceramic materials F16F1/024Covers or coatings therefor F16F1/025characterised by having a particular shape F16F1/027Planar F16F1/028cylindrical, with radial openings F16F1/04Wound springs F16F1/041with means for modifying the spring characteristics F16F1/042characterised by the cross-section of the wire F16F1/043the cross-section varying with the wire length F16F1/045Canted-coil springs F16F1/046with partial nesting of inner and outer coils F16F1/047characterised by varying pitch F16F1/048with undulations F16F1/06with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces F16F1/065characterised by loading of the coils in a radial direction F16F1/08with turns lying in mainly conical surfaces F16F1/10Spiral springs with turns lying substantially in plane surfaces F16F1/12Attachments or mountings F16F1/121adjustable F16F1/122where coils F16F1/123characterised by the ends of the spring being specially adapted F16F1/125where the end coils of the spring engage an axial insert F16F1/126comprising an element between the end coil of the spring and the support proper F16F1/127allowing rotation about axis of spring F16F1/128with motion-limiting means F16F1/13comprising inserts and spacers between the windings for changing the mechanical or physical characteristics of the spring F16F1/14Torsion springs consisting of bars or tubes F16F1/145with means for modifying the spring characteristics F16F1/16Attachments or mountings F16F1/18Leaf springs F16F1/182with inter-engaging portions between leaves or between leaves and mountings F16F1/185characterised by shape or design of individual leaves F16F1/187shaped into an open profile F16F1/20with layers F16F1/22with means for modifying the spring characteristic F16F1/24Lubrication Covers F16F1/26Attachments or mountings F16F1/28comprising cylindrical metal pins pivoted in close-fitting sleeves F16F1/30comprising intermediate pieces made of rubber or similar elastic material F16F1/32Belleville-type springs F16F1/322Snap-action springs F16F1/324characterised by having tongues or arms directed in a generally radial direction F16F1/326with a spiral-like appearance F16F1/328with undulations F16F1/34Ring springs F16F1/36made of rubber or other material having high internal friction F16F1/3605characterised by their material F16F1/361comprising magneto-rheological elastomers [MR] F16F1/3615with means for modifying the spring characteristic F16F1/362made of steel wool, compressed hair, woven or non-woven textile, or like materials F16F1/364made of cork, wood or like material F16F1/366made of fibre-reinforced plastics F16F1/3665Wound springs F16F1/368Leaf springs F16F1/3683Attachments or mountings therefor F16F1/3686End mountings F16F1/37of foam-like material, i.e. micro-cellular material F16F1/371characterised by inserts or auxiliary extension or exterior elements F16F1/3713with external elements passively influencing spring stiffness F16F1/3716External elements such as covers or envelopes, that are flexible F16F1/373characterised by having a particular shape F16F1/3732having an annular or the like shape F16F1/3735Multi-part grommet-type resilient mountings F16F1/3737Planar F16F1/374having a spherical or the like shape F16F1/376having projections, studs, serrations or the like on at least one surface F16F1/377having holes or openings F16F1/379characterised by arrangements for regulating the spring temperature F16F1/38with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin F16F1/3807characterised by adaptations for particular modes of stressing F16F1/3814characterised by adaptations to counter axial forces F16F1/3821characterised by adaptations to counter torsional forces F16F1/3828End stop features or buffering F16F1/3835characterised by the sleeve of elastic material F16F1/3842Method of assembly, production or treatment; Mounting thereof F16F1/3849Mounting brackets therefor F16F1/3856Vulcanisation or gluing of interface between rigid and elastic sleeves F16F1/3863characterised by the rigid sleeves or pin F16F1/387comprising means for modifying the rigidity in particular directions F16F1/3873having holes or openings F16F1/3876by means of inserts of more rigid material F16F1/393with spherical or conical sleeves F16F1/3935Conical sleeves F16F1/40consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers F16F1/403characterised by the shape of the non-elastic interengaging parts between the elements F16F1/406characterised by the shape of the elastic elements F16F1/41the spring consisting of generally conically arranged elements F16F1/42characterised by the mode of stressing F16F1/422the stressing resulting in flexion of the spring F16F1/424of membrane-type springs F16F1/426Radial flexion of ring-type springs F16F1/428of strip- or leg-type springs F16F1/44loaded mainly in compression F16F1/445the spring material being contained in a generally closed space F16F1/46loaded mainly in tension F16F1/48loaded mainly in torsion F16F1/50loaded mainly in shear F16F1/505Rotational shear F16F1/52loaded in combined stresses F16F1/54loaded in compression and shear F16F1/545Neidhart-type rubber springs