Use of solar heat

FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING LIGHTING HEATING WEAPONS BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS F24Heating devices F24JPRODUCING OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F24J2/00Use of solar heat

F24J2/0007Passive solar heat collectors F24J2/0015Solar heat collectors absorbing essentially direct solar radiation combined with a solar heat collector absorbing concentrated radiation F24J2/0023Solar heat collector using additional ambient air heat or another heat source F24J2/02Solar heat collectors with support for article heated F24J2/04Solar heat collectors having working fluid conveyed through collector F24J2/0422Solar collectors integrated in fixed constructions F24J2/0427in the form of a fence, a balustrade or a handrail F24J2/0433in the form of a window F24J2/0438in the form of a floor construction F24J2/0444in the form of a façade construction F24J2/045in the form of a roof construction F24J2/0455in the form of shingles or tiles F24J2/0461using pools or ponds F24J2/0466Salt gradient solar ponds F24J2/0472Floating solar collectors or covers F24J2/0477having circuits for more than one working fluid F24J2/0483having two or more passages for the same working fluid F24J2/0488Solar heat collectors having absorber surfaces of a particular form F24J2/0494having two or more absorber surfaces F24J2/05surrounded by a transparent enclosure F24J2/055the enclosure being cylindrical F24J2/06having concentrating elements F24J2/062Prisms F24J2/065Fluorescent material F24J2/067Light guides F24J2/07Receivers working at high temperature F24J2/08having lenses as concentrating elements F24J2/085having discontinuous faces F24J2/10having reflectors as concentrating elements F24J2/1047having discontinuous faces F24J2/1052flexible F24J2/1057characterised by the material or the construction of the reflector F24J2/12parabolic F24J2/125flexible F24J2/13hemispherical F24J2/14semi-cylindrical or cylindro-parabolic F24J2/145flexible F24J2/15conical F24J2/16having flat plates F24J2/18spaced, opposed interacting reflecting surfaces F24J2/20the working fluid being conveyed between plates F24J2/201having conduits of plastic material F24J2/202having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means F24J2/204having conduits formed by paired plates, only one of which is plane F24J2/205having conduits formed by paired non-plane plates F24J2/207having curved plate-like conduits F24J2/208having conduits formed by inflation of portions of a pair of joined sheets F24J2/22having extended surfaces F24J2/23the working fluid trickling freely or flowing in a continuous film over collector elements F24J2/24the working fluid being conveyed through tubular heat absorbing conduits F24J2/242the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other F24J2/243the tubular conduits being of plastic material F24J2/244the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other F24J2/245the conduits being parallel to each other F24J2/246the conduits being helically coiled F24J2/247the conduits being spirally coiled F24J2/248the conduits being otherwise bent F24J2/26having extended surfaces F24J2/265the conduits being parallel to each other F24J2/266the conduits being spirally coiled F24J2/268the conduits being otherwise bent F24J2/28having permeable mass, foraminous or porous materials F24J2/30with means to exchange heat between plural fluids F24J2/32having evaporator and condenser section F24J2/34having heat storage mass F24J2/345Hot water storage F24J2/36Rollable or foldable collector units F24J2/38employing tracking means F24J2/40Control arrangements F24J2/402responsive to temperature F24J2/405responsive to wind F24J2/407for controlling transmission of solar radiation F24J2/42Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for F24J2/423for swimming pools F24J2/426for showers F24J2/44having thermosiphonic circulation F24J2/46Component parts, details or accessories of solar heat collectors F24J2/4607Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction; Auxiliary devices F24J2/4609Protective covers, lids; closure members F24J2/461Means for cleaning or for removing snow F24J2/4612Means for preventing corrosion or protecting against contaminants F24J2/4614for draining rain water F24J2/4616for maintaining vacuum F24J2/4618for preventing condensation F24J2/462for deaerating or degassing the working fluid F24J2/4621Means for overtemperature protection ; Means for overpressure protection F24J2/4623Arrangements for modifying heat collecting features F24J2/4625Cooling arrangements F24J2/4627Arrangements for venting solar collector enclosures F24J2/4629Arrangements for preventing overpressure inside solar collector enclosures F24J2/463Arrangements for preventing overpressure inside solar collector circuits F24J2/4632Means for freezing protection F24J2/4634Arrangements for draining the working fluid F24J2/4636Arrangements to accommodate differential expansion of solar collector elements F24J2/4638Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions F24J2/464Casings F24J2/4641characterised by using specific material F24J2/4643Plastic materials F24J2/4645Metallic materials F24J2/4647Means for fluidically interconnecting different solar collectors or for connecting solar connectors with other components; Headers; Fluid distributing means F24J2/4649Selection of particular working medium F24J2/465Arrangements of sealing means F24J2/4652Solar heat collectors having absorber surfaces provided with special coatings F24J2/4654Materials for the heat-exchange conduits F24J2/48characterised by absorber material F24J2/481of metallic material F24J2/482of plastic F24J2/484of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone F24J2/485using absorber coatings F24J2/487of metallic material F24J2/488of plastic material F24J2/50Transparent coverings F24J2/505characterised by using specific material F24J2/506plastic material F24J2/507using evacuated elements F24J2/51Thermal insulation F24J2/515characterised by the material F24J2/52Arrangement of mountings or supports F24J2/5201Stationary supporting structures for solar modules; Load-bearing elements for movable supporting structures F24J2/5203comprising elongated rigid mounting elements F24J2/5205Substantially planar profile assemblies F24J2/5207comprising profiles of particular shape having in cross-section first and second module supporting portions for coupling adjacent solar modules F24J2/5209Substantially coplanar profile assemblies comprising longitudinal profiles laterally coupled with transversal profiles F24J2/5211Solar module peripheral frames F24J2/5228comprising plate-like mounting elements F24J2/523comprising elongated standing elements F24J2/5232Posts coupled with upper profiles F24J2/5233Profile arrangements F24J2/5235comprising bent plates or assemblies of plates F24J2/5237comprising shaped bodies F24J2/5239Interconnected assemblies of stands; Stands having first and second module supporting portions for coupling adjacent modules F24J2/5241comprising elongated non rigid elements F24J2/5243Fixation means F24J2/5245Connectors for anchoring solar modules or supporting elements to the ground or to building structures F24J2/5247in the form of bent strips or assemblies of strips; Hook-like connectors; Connectors to be mounted between building covering elements F24J2/5249for anchoring to protrusions of buildings F24J2/525Ground anchoring means; Foundations for supporting elements; Massive elements for anchoring supporting structures to the ground or to flat horizontal surfaces F24J2/5252Connectors for fixing solar modules, or solar module peripheral frames to supporting elements F24J2/5254Solar module side connectors or base connectors F24J2/5256Clamping or clipping elements F24J2/5258with clamping action by using screw-threaded elements F24J2/526Connectors for coupling adjacent supporting elements together F24J2/5262Connectors for coupling adjacent solar modules or solar module peripheral frames together F24J2/5264comprising means for adjusting the final position or the final orientation of a supporting element relative to another one or relative to a mounting surface; comprising means for compensating mounting tolerances F24J2/5266adapted for non-rotary movement F24J2/5267Waterborne solar collectors F24J2/5269Moving platforms F24J2/5271Airborne solar collectors F24J2/54specially adapted for rotary movement F24J2/5403with only one rotation axis F24J2/5406with vertical axis F24J2/541with horizontal axis F24J2/5413with inclined axis F24J2/5417with two rotation axis F24J2/542with vertical primary axis F24J2/5424with horizontal primary axis F24J2/5427with inclined primary axis F24J2/5431with more than two rotation axis or with multiple degrees of freedom