1-(4-Alkylaminonaphthylazo)-4-nitrobenzene disperse dyes

Abstract

Disperse monoazo dyes, useful for the dyeing and printing of polyester, polyamide and cellulose acetate fibers in navy-blue shades, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is Br, Cl or CN; R.sub.2 is CN or NO.sub.2 ; R.sub.3 is C.sub.2-4 -alkylene; and R.sub.4 is a selected aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic radical.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention dyes satisfy a long felt need in the disperse dye industry. They are tinctorially strong, navy-blue monoazo dyes of low water solublity which are useful for dyeing and printing polyester, polyamide, and cellulose acetate substrates in any form. Each of the invention dyes has a balance of the desirable dye properties described hereafter. In addition to this balance of properties, each dye displays one or more unexpectedly superior property characteristics from among those discussed.

There are several publications disclosing disperse dyes which dyes, however, fail to provide the balance of properties displayed by the invention dyes. Such publications include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,016,944, 2,045,324, 2,266,142, 2,359,305, and Japanese Pat. No. 47/35353. The invention dyes have good affinity, buildup and leveling properties on the above described substrates. They are relatively insensitive to temperature variations during dyeing and to the effects of trace metal contamination during dyeing. They are also resistant to hydrolysis during dyeing, notably in high temperature processes. The dyes provide finished dyeings exhibiting good fastness to light, to thermal fixation, to sublimation, and to pleating. The invention dyes provide dyeings having good wetfastness including fastness to water, to sea water, to washing, and to perspiration. The dyeings are also resistant to rubbing, and to the effects of ordinary solvents such as those used in drycleaning. Dyeings made with invention dyes also have good gas fume fastness such as resistance to ozone and to chlorine. Dyeings made with the invention dyes also have the ability to withstand the rigors of precure and postcure permanent press finishing and soil release finishing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The new dyes correspond to the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is Br, Cl or CN;

R.sub.2 is CN or NO.sub.2 ; R.sub.3 is C.sub.2-4 (branched or straight-chain)alkylene; R.sub.4 is cyclohexyl, C.sub.1-4 alkylcyclohexyl, benzyl or C.sub.2-6 (branched or straight-chain)alkylene-R.sub.5 ; R.sub.5 is Cn, --OC.sub.1-4 alkyl, --OR.sub.6, --OCOC.sub.1-4 alkyl or --OCOR.sub.6 ; and R.sub.6 is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1-2 groups selected from Cl, Br, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, OC.sub.1-4 alkyl and CF.sub.3.

Particularly preferred are the dyes wherein R.sub.1 is Br or Cl; R.sub.2 is NO.sub.2 ; R.sub.3 is C.sub.2-4 alkylene and R.sub.4 is C.sub.2-6 alkyleneOCOC.sub.1-4 alkyl.

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

The dyes of this invention are prepared by conventional diazotization and coupling procedures wherein a primary aromatic amine of the formula ##STR3## is diazotized and coupled to an aromatic amine of the formula ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above. In the case wherein R.sub.4 contains a readily hydrolyzable group, e.g., when R.sub.4 is C.sub.2-6 alkylene-OCOC.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkyleneOCOR.sub.6, wherein R.sub.6 is as defined above, coupling of the diazotized amine can also be made to an aromatic amine of the formula ##STR5## followed by acylation of the primary hydroxyl group of the resultant monoazo compound by conventional techniques, for example, by treatment with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid chloride, bromide or anhydride to yield the desired dye.

The diazotization of the primary aromatic amine can be carried out at from 0.degree. to 25.degree. C., preferably at 20.degree. to 25.degree. C., by the action of nitrosylsulfuric acid in 70% to 80% aqueous sulfuric acid. Coupling is carried out by dissolving the aromatic amine coupler in an organic or aqueous-organic solvent system, such as a mixture of methanol and water, cooling the resultant coupler solution to 15.degree. C. or less and then slowly adding the diazo solution to the cold coupler solution. After the coupling is complete, the disperse dye is precipitated by raising the pH to about 1 to 3 with a suitable salt or base, such as sodium acetate or sodium hydroxide. The precipitated monoazo dye is isolated by filtration. Examples of useful diazotizable amines are given in Table I. Examples of useful coupling components are given in Table II.

The coupling components are prepared by known techniques, for example, by reacting a N-hydroxyalkyl-1-naphthylamine with an epoxide such as ethylene, propylene or butylene oxide, followed by alkylation of the resultant N-hydroxyalkoxyalkyl-1-naphthylamine with alkyl halides, alkyl sulfates, aralkyl halides, etc. The aforementioned N-hydroxyalkyl-1-naphthylamine can also be reacted with activated vinyl compounds such as acrylonitrile to form the N-cyanoalkoxyalkyl-1-naphthylamine coupling components.

Alternatively, the coupling components can be synthesized by the well-known Bucherer reaction, which involves the reversible replacement of a hydroxy group of a naphthol derivative by an amino group in the presence of aqueous sulfite, bisulfite or sulfurous acid, e.g. SO.sub.2 +H.sub.2 O; see: Drake, Organic Reactions, Vol. I, John Wiley, N.Y., Chapter 5, 1942, p. 105.

Reaction of 1-naphthol with 1 to 2 equivalents of a primary aliphatic amine of the formula H.sub.2 N--R.sub.3 --OR.sub.4, wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above, in the presence of aqueous sulfite or bisulfite at 120.degree. to 150.degree. C. provides excellent yields (75% to 90%) of high purity (>90%) product having the formula ##STR6## The latter process does not employ 1-naphthylamine as a starting material, a particularly desirable feature since 1-naphthylamine is an industrial carcinogen.

The primary aliphatic amines, H.sub.2 N--R.sub.3 --OR.sub.4, are readily prepared by reaction of the appropriate alcohol, R.sub.4 --OH, wherein R.sub.4 is as previously defined, with acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile or crotononitrile followed by catalytic reduction of the cyano group. Operable alcohols include cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-propoxyethanol and 1-propoxy-2-propanol.

When the coupling component has the formula: ##STR7## the resulting monoazo dye derived therefrom can be acylated with an acid halide or anhydride in the presence of an organic or inorganic acid acceptor, such as pyridine, trimethylamine or potassium carbonate, in a suitable organic solvent to yield the desired acylated dye.

Polar nonhydroxylic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and diethyleneglycol-dimethylether, are useful in the acylation. Pyridine is particularly useful in the acylation in that it acts as both reaction solvent and acid-binding agent. Temperatures of from 0.degree. to 25.degree. C. are operable in the acylation, the preferred range being from 10.degree. to 15.degree. C. Examples of useful acylating agents are given in Table III.

TABLE I______________________________________AMINES THAT ARE USEFUL IN THEPRESENT INVENTION______________________________________ 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroaniline 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline 2-chloro-6-cyano-4-nitroaniline 2-bromo-6-cyano-4-nitroaniline 2,6-dicyano-4-nitroaniline 2-cyano-4,6-dinitroaniline______________________________________ TABLE II______________________________________COUPLERS THAT ARE USEFUL IN THEPRESENT INVENTION ##STR8## R.sub.3 R.sub.4______________________________________(CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 OC.sub.3 H.sub.7n(CH.sub.2).sub.3 ##STR9##(CH.sub.2).sub.3 ##STR10##CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 ##STR11##(CH.sub.2).sub.3 ##STR12##(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH.sub.2C.sub.6 H.sub.5C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CN(CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CNCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CNCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CNCH.sub.2 CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CNCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.5(CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.4 H.sub.9nCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3) ##STR13##CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(OC.sub.2 H.sub.5)CH.sub.3CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3) ##STR14##(CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH(OCH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.5C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.4(4')NO.sub.2C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.4(4')CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.4(4')BrC.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.3(2')OCH.sub.3, (5')CH.sub.3______________________________________ TABLE III______________________________________ACYLATING AGENTS THAT ARE USEFULIN THE PRESENT INVENTION______________________________________ acetic anhydride -n-butyric anhydride propionic anhydride benzoic anhydride acetyl chloride acetyl bromide benzoyl bromide benzoyl chloride 2-bromobenzoyl chloride 4-bromobenzoyl chloride p-anisoyl chloride p-tert.-butylbenzoyl chloride propionyl chloride butyryl chloride isobutyryl chloride o-chlorobenzoyl chloride m-chlorobenzoyl chloride p-chlorobenzoyl chloride 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride 3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride m-nitrobenzoyl chloride p-nitrobenzoyl chloride o-toluoyl chloride m-toluoyl chloride p-toluoyl chloride m-trifluoromethylbenzoyl chloride______________________________________

The crude dyestuffs are conveniently converted into a commercially usable form by mixing the crude dye, e.g., ten parts on a 100% basis, with about 2.5 parts of a lignin sulfonate dispersant and water in a colloid or sand mill. Milling is continued until a fine, stable, aqueous dispersion or paste is obtained with dye particle size reduced to approximately one micron. The resultant dispersion can be vacuum or injection dried if a dry product is desired.

The invention dyes can be applied by aqueous exhaust dyeing procedures, at atmospheric pressure or a pressure above atmospheric pressure, by pad dyeing followed by dry heat fixation (e.g., Thermosol) or by printing methods from long or short baths. Such procedures are widely used in the trade and require no further explanation.

In the following Examples, all parts are given by weight. Examples 20 and 21 illustrate aqueous and Thermosol dyeing procedures, respectively. Examples 22 and 23 are directed to the printing of polyester and nylon, respectively.

EXAMPLE 1

(a) A mixture of 144 parts of 1-naphthol, 100 parts of water, 210 parts of diglycolamine (H.sub.2 NC.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH) and 12.8 parts of sulfur dioxide was heated at 135.degree..+-.5.degree. C. for 20 hours. Aqueous sodium hydroxide was added in an amount sufficient to form the water-soluble sodium salt of any unreacted 1-naphthol and the resulting mixture heated at 50.degree. to 60.degree. C. for 1 hour. The crude product was extracted with benzene, and the benzene extract water-washed. Upon removal of the benzene, 190.5 parts (77.5% yield) of N-(.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethyl)-1-naphthylamine were obtained, which had a purity of 93.8%.

(b) Addition was made of 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroaniline (32.5 parts), in several portions, to a stirred solution of 50.2 parts of nitrosylsulfuric acid (38% active ingredient) and 90 parts of 73% sulfuric acid at 20.degree. to 25.degree. C., and the mixture stirred for 3 hours. Excess nitrosylsulfuric acid was destroyed with urea. The diazo solution was then added dropwise to a cold (0.degree..+-.5.degree. C.) aqueous methanol solution of 34.6 parts of N-(.beta.-hydroxyethoxyethyl)-1-naphthylamine. The resulting reddish-brown slurry was stirred at 0.degree..+-.5.degree. C. for 0.5 hour, and the pH adjusted to approximately 2 by the dropwise addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide. The precipitated monoazo dye was collected by filtration, washed acid-free with water and dried to give 60.5 parts (88% yield) of product.

(c) Trimethylamine (30.4 parts) was added to a cold (10.degree. to 15.degree. C.) solution of 93.5 parts of the monoazo dye obtained in (b) above in 238 parts of dimethylformamide. Acetic anhydride (41 parts) was added dropwise over 15 minutes at 10.degree. to 15.degree. C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 10.degree. to 15.degree. C. The pH of the mixture was then adjusted to 5.5 by the dropwise addition of hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was then heated to 80.degree. to 85.degree. C., water was added, and the mixture was allowed to cool slowly to 25.degree. C. The precipitated solids were isolated by filtration and recrystallized from isopropanol-dimethylformamide to give 94.5 parts (93.5% yield) of bronze-colored solid, m.p. 133.degree. to 135.degree. C., having an absorptivity (a.sub.max.) of 85 liters g.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at a wavelength (.lambda..sub. max.) of 612 m.mu.. The dye was of the formula: ##STR15##

EXAMPLE 2

Benzoyl chloride (5.34 parts) was added dropwise to a cold (0.degree. to 10.degree. C.) solution of 16.1 parts of the monoazo dye obtained in Example 1(b) above in 100 parts of pyridine. The resulting solution was stirred at 10.degree. to 20.degree. C. for 5 hours. The dye was then precipitated by the dropwise addition of water. The resultant solids were isolated by filtration and recrystallized from isopropanol-dimethylformamide to give 17 parts of product, m.p. 183.degree. to 186.degree. C., having an absorptivity (a.sub.max.) of 70 liters g.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at a wavelength (.lambda..sub.max.) of 617 m.mu.. The dye was of this formula: ##STR16##

EXAMPLE 3

First, 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroaniline was diazotized as described in Example 1 paragraph (b) above and then coupled to an N-(.beta.-cyanoethoxyethyl)-1-naphthylamine coupling component, thus providing a monoazo dye, m.p. 190.degree. to 192.degree. C., having an absorptivity (a.sub.max.) of 88 liters g.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at a wavelength (.lambda..sub.max.) of 608 m.mu.. The dye was of this formula: ##STR17##

EXAMPLES 4 TO 19

The dyes shown in Table IV were prepared by procedures similar to those described in Examples 1 to 3. The R groups refer to the R groups of the aforesaid general formula.

TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________Example .lambda..sub.max. a.sub.max.No. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 (m.mu.) (1 g.sup.-1 cm.sup.-1)__________________________________________________________________________4 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 615 875 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3 615 846 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 OC.sub.3 H.sub.7n 615 827 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 ##STR18## 614 858 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 615 799 Cl NO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3) C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CN 612 8310 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 CN 613 9411 Cl NO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCOC.sub.3 H.sub.7n 612 7312 Br NO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCOCH.sub.3 612 8513 Cl CN (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 633 8514 Br CN (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 631 8315 Cl NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 613 6516 Cl NO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCOC.sub.6 H.sub.4p-OCH.sub.3 614 6117 Br NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 616 7818 CN CN (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 665 12819 CN NO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OCH.sub.3 654 121__________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 20

Aqueous (Pressure) Dyeing Procedure

Five grams of commercially available "Dacron" 54 polyester fabric were put into an autoclave containing:

______________________________________an aqueous dye paste (15% active ingredient)containing the dye of Example 1 0.1 gram"Avitone" T sodium hydrocarbon sulfonate (10%solution) 1.0 ml"Merpol" HCS long-chain alcohol-ethylene oxideadduct (10% solution) 0.5 mlethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, sodium salt(1% solution) 1.25 mlbutyl benzoate carrier (10% emulsion) 1.5 mlwater to 75 mlacetic acid to adjust the pH to 4.5.______________________________________ The temperature was raised to 130.degree. C. for 1 hour to effect dyeing. The dyed fabric was rinsed in water, dried and then heat-set at 135.degree. C. for 60 seconds. It exhibited a navy shade of good fastness to light and excellent fastness to sublimation.

EXAMPLE 21

THERMOSOL PROCEDURE

"Dacron" polyester/cotton blend fabric (65/35) was immersed for fifteen minutes at 82.degree. C. in an aqueous bath containing 1% of a commercially available ether-alcohol sulfate surface-active agent (detergent) and 1% of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. The blend fabric was rinsed in cold water, dried and then padded at 50 to 60% pickup, based on the dry fabric weight, in a dye bath containing:

______________________________________an aqueous dye paste (15% active ingredient)containing the dye of Example 2 50 gramspurified natural gum thickener 20 gramswater to 1 liter.______________________________________ The padded blend fabric was passed through an infrared predryer, then heated to and held at 213.degree. C. for 90 seconds. The fabric was rinsed in water at 27.degree. C., scoured for 5 minutes at 93.degree. C. in water containing 1% of a commercially available ether-alcohol sulfate detergent, rinsed in water at 27.degree. C., and dried.

The dyed and scoured fabric was then permanent-press treated by padding with a pickup of 50 to 65%, based on dry fabric weight, with a bath containing:

______________________________________ g/liter______________________________________dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea crosslinkingagent 200.0p-octylphenoxy (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.9-10 H wetting agent 2.5dispersed acrylic thermoplastic binding agent 22.5nonionic, paraffin-free polyethylene emulsionto serve as a fabric softener 22.5nonionic polymer emulsion to impart luster, asilky hand and antistatic properties to thefiber 30.020% aqueous zinc nitrate curing catalyst 36.0______________________________________ The resin-impregnated fabric was then air-dried to remove the water and cured at 163.degree. C. for 15 minutes. The polyester/cotton blend fabric was dyed to an attractive navy-blue shade having excellent fastness to sublimation.

EXAMPLE 22

Printing on Polyester

A printing paste was prepared containing:

______________________________________an aqueous dye paste (15% active ingredient)containing the dye of Example 20 15.0 gan etherified starch-sodium alginate thickeningagent 50.0 ga phenoxyethanol-polyethylene glycol printingassistant 8.0 gmonosodium phosphate (anhydrous) 0.3 gsodium chlorate 0.5 gwater to 100 grams.______________________________________ The print paste was applied from an engraved roller to polyester fabric. The printed fabric was then steamed for 1 hour at 25 psig in order to fix the dye. The fabric was then rinsed in cold water and reductively cleared at 82.degree. C. for 2 minutes in a bath containing 2 g/liter of caustic soda, 2 g/liter of hydrosulfite and 2 g/liter of a nonionic polyethylene oxide detergent. The fabric was then rinsed and dried. A strong uniformly colored blue print having excellent lightfastness was obtained.

EXAMPLE 23

Printing on Polyamide

A printing paste was prepared containing:

______________________________________an aqueous dye paste (15% active ingredient)containing the dye of Example 1 15.0 ga natural gum thickening agent 50.0 gcitric acid 0.3 gurea 5.0 gsodium chlorate 0.3 gp-chlorophenoxyethanol carrier 2.0 gwater to 100 grams.______________________________________

The print paste was roller printed on polyamide derived from bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane and dodecanedioic acid. Said polyamide is described more fully in coassigned U.S. Pat. No. 3,393,210, and is sold under the trademark "Qiana". The printed fabric was steamed for 1 hour at 22 psig and then scoured at 82.degree. C. for 2 minutes in a bath containing 2 g/liter of caustic soda, 2 g/liter of hydrosulfite and 2 g/liter of a nonionic polyethylene oxide detergent. The fabric was finally rinsed and dried. A deep navy-blue print was obtained.

Claims

1. The dye having the formula ##STR19## wherein R.sub.1 is Br or Cl.

2. The dye of claim 1 having the formula ##STR20##

3. The dye of claim 1 having the formula ##STR21##