Patent Grant
8648085
This application is the national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2008/066350, filed Nov. 27, 2008, which claims priority to European Patent Application No. 07425764.3, filed Nov. 30, 2007; European Patent Application No. 08163548.4, filed Sep. 3, 2008 and European Patent Application 08169282.4 filed Nov. 17, 2008, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
The invention relates to novel substituted pyrazolopyrimidines. The new compounds shall be used for the manufacture of medicaments, in particular medicaments for improving perception, concentration, learning and/or memory in patients in need thereof. E.g. for the prophylaxis and treatment of Alzheimer Disease.
Chemically, the compounds are characterised as 6-aryl- or heteroarylmethyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines (more specific 6-benzyl or pyridyl-methyl-pyrazolopyrimidinones) having at least one alkyl or alkoxy residue at the aryl or heteroaryl moiety which in addition may be several fold substituted. Further aspects of the present invention refer to a process for the manufacture of the compounds and their use for producing medicaments.
The inhibition of phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) is one of the current concepts to find new access paths to the treatment of cognitive impairments due to CNS disorders like Alzheimer's Disease. With the present invention, new compounds are presented that follow this concept.
Phosphodiesterase 9A is one member of the wide family of phosphordiesterases. These kinds of enzymes modulate the levels of the cyclic nucleotides 5′-3′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 5′-3′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). These cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) are important second messengers and therefore play a central role in cellular signal transduction cascades. Each of them reactivates inter alia, but not exclusively, protein kinases. The protein kinase activated by cAMP is called protein kinase A (PKA), and the protein kinase activated by cGMP is called protein kinase G (PKG). Activated PKA and PKG are able in turn to phosphorylate a number of cellular effector proteins (e.g. ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors). It is possible in this way for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP to control a wide variety of physiological processes in a wide variety of organs. However, the cyclic nucleotides are also able to act directly on effector molecules. Thus, it is known, for example, that cGMP is able to act directly on ion channels and thus is able to influence the cellular ion concentration (review in: Wei et al., Prog. Neurobiol., 1998, 56, 37-64). The phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a control mechanism for controlling the activity of cAMP and cGMP and thus in turn for these physiological processes. PDEs hydrolyse the cyclic monophosphates to the inactive monophosphates AMP and GMP. Currently, 11 PDE families have been defined on the basis of the sequence homology of the corresponding genes. Individual PDE genes within a family are differentiated by letters (e.g. PDE1A and PDE1B). If different splice variants within a gene also occur, this is then indicated by an additional numbering after the letters (e.g. PDE1A1).
Human PDE9A was cloned and sequenced in 1998. The amino acid identity with other PDEs does not exceed 34% (PDE8A) and is never less than 28% (PDE5A). With a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 170 nM, PDE9A has high affinity for cGMP. In addition, PDE9A is selective for cGMP (Km for cAMP=230 [mu]M). PDE9A has no cGMP binding domain, suggesting that the enzyme activity is not regulated by cGMP. It was shown in a Western blot analysis that PDE9A is expressed in humans inter alia in testes, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus and spleen. The highest expression was found in the brain, small intestine, kidney, prostate, colon, and spleen (Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25), 15559-15564; Wang et al., Gene, 2003, 314, 15-27). The gene for human PDE9A is located on chromosome 21q22.3 and comprises 21 exons. To date, 4 alternative splice variants of PDE9A have been identified (Guipponi et al., Hum. Genet., 1998, 103, 386-392). Classical PDE inhibitors do not inhibit human PDE9A. Thus, IBMX, dipyridamole, SKF94120, rolipram and vinpocetine show no inhibition on the isolated enzyme in concentrations of up to 100 [mu]M. An IC50 of 35 [mu]M has been demonstrated for zaprinast (Fisher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (25), 15559-15564).
Murine PDE9A was cloned and sequenced in 1998 by Soderling et al. (J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (19), 15553-15558). This has, like the human form, high affinity for cGMP with a Km of 70 nM. Particularly high expression was found in the mouse kidney, brain, lung and liver. Murine PDE9A is not inhibited by IBMX in concentrations below 200 [mu]M either; the IC50 for zaprinast is 29 [mu]M (Soderling et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273 (19), 15553-15558). It has been found that PDE9A is strongly expressed in some regions of the rat brain. These include olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cortex, basal ganglia and basal forebrain (Andreeva et al., J. Neurosci., 2001, 21 (22), 9068-9076). The hippocampus, cortex and basal forebrain in particular play an important role in learning and memory processes. As already mentioned above, PDE9A is distinguished by having particularly high affinity for cGMP. PDE9A is therefore active even at low physiological concentrations, in contrast to PDE2A (Km=10 [mu]M; Martins et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1982, 257, 1973-1979), PDE5A (Km=4 [mu]M; Francis et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1980, 255, 620-626), PDE6A (Km=17 [mu]M; Gillespie and Beavo, J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263 (17), 8133-8141) and PDE11A (Km=0.52 [mu]M; Fawcett et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2000, 97 (7), 3702-3707). In contrast to PDE2A (Murashima et al., Biochemistry, 1990, 29, 5285-5292), the catalytic activity of PDE9A is not increased by cGMP because it has no GAF domain (cGMP-binding domain via which the PDE activity is allosterically increased) (Beavo et al., Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 2000, 12, 174-179). PDE9A inhibitors may therefore lead to an increase in the baseline cGMP concentration.
WO 98/40384 discloses pyrazolopyrimidines which are PDE1, 2 and 5 inhibitors and can be employed for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders and disorders of the urogenital system.
CH 396 924, CH 396 925, CH 396 926, CH 396 927, DE 1 147 234, DE 1 149 013, GB 937,726 describe pyrazolopyrimidines which have a coronary-dilating effect and which can be employed for the treatment of disturbances of myocardial blood flow.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,732,225 describes pyrazolopyrimidines which have an antiinflammatory and blood glucose-lowering effect.
DE 2 408 906 describes styrylpyrazolopyrimidines which can be employed as antimicrobial and antiinflammatory agents for the treatment of, for example, oedema.
WO04099210 discloses novel 6-arylmethyl-substituted pyrazolopyrimidines which lack having at least one alkyl or alkoxy residue at the aryl moiety which is several fold substituted by halogen.
It is an aspect of the present invention to provide compounds that effectively modulate PDE9A for the purpose of the development of a medicament, in particular in view of diseases, the treatment of which is accessible via PDE9A modulation.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide compounds that are useful for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of CNS disorders.
It is an aspect of one embodiment of the present invention to provide compounds which show a good safety profile.
Accordingly, it will be understood that another objective of the present invention is to provide compounds that inhibit PDE9A in a selective manner.
Yet another objective is to provide such a medicament not only for treatment but also for prevention or modification of the corresponding disease.
The compounds of the present invention are characterised by general formula I:
with:
R1: the following substitution options R1.i for R1 in the order of preference, ascending from preferably to most preferably are defined:
In another embodiment of the invention, R1 being R1.i.a with i as being defined above (i.e. for R1.i=R1.1, R1.2, R1.3):
Preferably in any of the embodiments R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a at least one X is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring or the pyridylring respectively by which R1 is attached to the methylene group which links R1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I.
In another embodiment of the invention, R1 being R1.i.b with i as being defined above (i.e. for R1.i=R1.1, R1.2, R1.3):
Preferably in any of the embodiments R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b, R1.4.b at least one X is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring, the pyridylring respectively by which R1 is attached to the methylene group which links R1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I.
For all substitution patterns R1.1, R1.2, R1.3, R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a, R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b, R1.4.b the preferred substitution pattern at the 1 to 3 mandatory substituents X being C2-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alkoxy respectively, whatever is appropriate, preferably are at least 2, more preferably 3 fluoro substituents. The preferred position for these halogen substituents are the alpha or the beta position, more preferably at least the beta position of the C2-C6-alkyl residue or the beta position of the C1-C6-alkoxy residue, more preferably only the beta position. Whenever X is C1-C6-alkoxy trifluoromethoxy is preferred. Whenever X is C2-C6-alkyl 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl or 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoreth-1-yl or 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoreth-1-yl is preferred, more preferred 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl.
For the embodiments with R1.1, R1.2, R1.3, R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b, R1.4.b most preferred X is 1 substituent being trifluoromethoxy.
For the embodiments with R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a most preferred X is 1 substituent being 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl or 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoreth-1-yl or 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoreth-1-yl 2,2,2-trifluoreth-1-yl.
In all options for R1 (R1.1, R1.2, R1.3, R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a, R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b, R1.4.b) phenyl is preferred over pyridyl, with the substitution pattern as outlined above.
In all options for R1 defined by R1.1, R1.2, R1.3, R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a, R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b R1.4.b at least one X preferably is in the ortho position to the C-atom of the phenyl-ring or the pyridylring respectively by which R1 is attached to the methylene group which links R1 with the pyrazolopyrimidine group of the of formula I. For the embodiment R1.5.b X is trifluoromethyl in ortho position of the phenyl. As outlined in the definition of the embodiments for R1 defined by R1.1, R1.2, R1.3, R1.1.a, R1.2.a, R1.3.a, R1.1.b, R1.2.b, R1.3.b, R1.4.b X can be present 1, 2, 3 or 4 times. Preferably X is present 1, 2 or 3 times, more preferably 1 or 2 times, more preferably 1 time.
In all options for R1 defined by R1.1, R1.2, R1.3 X being C1-C6-alkoxy is preferred over X being C2-C6-alkyl. Accordingly, any of the options R1.i.b is preferred over any options of R1.i.a.
R2: the following substitution options R2.j for R2 in the order of preference, ascending from preferably to most preferably are defined:
For all substitution patterns according to R2.1, R2.2, R2.3 the preferred substitution pattern at phenyl and heteroaryl is one or two radical(s). Heteroaryl preferably is pyridyl (2-, 3-, 4-pyridyl) optionally having one or two radical(s).
For all substitution patterns according to R2.1, R2.2, R2.3 the preferred heteroaryl is pyridyl, more preferably 3-pyridyl.
Each of the letters or indexes i, j respectively in R1.i and R2.j is an index standing for 1, 2, 3, etc.
Specific embodiments according to the present invention are represented by each element of the following matrix I, matrix II and matrix III. The present invention includes each embodiment of matrix I, matrix II and matrix III, more preferably each embodiment of matrix II and matrix III and more preferably each embodiment of matrix III. The preference of the embodiments for each matrix ascends from the first line to the last line. This means that the embodiment, which is presented by the matrix III, last row (i.e. (R1.5.b R2.3)) is the most preferred embodiment.
Each matrix is represented by two columns, one providing the number for an embodiment of the present invention and the other one describing said embodiment.
In any of these embodiments R2.2 may be replaced by R2.2.a.
For each embodiment according to any of the matrixes I, II or III (i.e. I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-6, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-11, I-12, I-13, I-14, I-15, I-16, I-17, II-1, II-2, II-3, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-7, II-8, II-9, II-10, II-11, II-12, II-13, II-14, II-15, II-16, II-17, III-1, III-2, III-3, III-4, III-5, III-6, III-7, III-8, III-9, III-10, III-11, III-12, III-13, III-14, III-15, III-16, III-17, III-18, III-19, III-20, III-21, III-22, III-23, III-24, III-25, III-26, III-27) the definitions and preferences for each substituent as outlined above shall apply, exemplified with a non-limiting character as:
For the purposes of the present invention, the substituents have the following meaning, unless specified otherwise:
C1-C6-Alkoxy is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy and n-hexoxy.
C1-C6-Alkoxycarbonyl: C1-6-Alkoxy is as defined for C1-6-alkoxy.
C1-C6-Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl.
C1-C6-Alkylamino is a straight-chain or branched mono- or dialkylamino radical the alkyl group(s) therein having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino and n-hexylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino, diisopropylamino, di-t-butylamino, di-n-pentylamino, di-n-hexylamino, ethylmethylamino, isopropylmethylamino, n-butylethylamino and n-hexyl-i-pentylamino. In the context of the present invention it is understood that for each time this term is used, it shall be understood that this substituent may be mono-alkylamino (═C1-6-Alkyl-NH—) and/or dialkylamino (═N—C1-6-Alkyl-N(C1-6-Alkyl)′-amino-). In the dialkyl-variation thereof, the two alkyl groups may be the same or different ones.
C1-C6-Alkylaminocarbonyl is a mono- or dialkylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group, where in the dialkyl variation thereof the alkyl radicals may be identical or different. The alkyl group(s) may be straight-chain or branched and each comprise 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In the context of the present invention it is understood that for each time this term is used, it shall be understood that this substituent may be mono-alkylaminocarbonyl (═C1-6-Alkyl-NH—CO—) and/or dialkylamino. (═N—C1-6-Alkyl-N—(C1-6-Alkyl)′-N—CO—). In the dialkyl-variation thereof, the two alkyl groups may be the same or different ones. Preferred examples include methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylaminocarbonyl, n-hexylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, diethylaminocarbonyl, di-n-propylaminocarbonyl, diisopropylaminocarbonyl, di-t-butylamino-carbonyl, di-n-pentylaminocarbonyl, di-n-hexylaminocarbonyl, ethylmethylaminocarbonyl, isopropylmethylaminocarbonyl, n-butylethylaminocarbonyl and n-hexyl-i-pentylaminocarbonyl. A further possibility in the case of a dialkylaminocarbonyl radical is for the two alkyl radicals to form together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded a 5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl. With regard to heterocyclyl it is referred to the definition said term. Preferred heterocyclyl in this context are morpholinyl and piperidinyl, more preferably morpholinyl.
C1-C6-Alkylcarbonylamino is an alkylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group, where the alkyl radical may be straight-chain or branched and comprises 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylcarbonylamino, ethylcarbonylamino, n-propylcarbonylamino, isopropylcarbonylamino, tert-butylcarbonylamino, n-pentylcarbonylamino and n-hexylcarbonylamino.
C1-C6-Alkylsulphonyl: The term C1-C6-alkyl stands for a straight-chain or branched alkyl-group linked via a sulphonyl (SO2) radical to the phenyl or pyridyl. The C1-C6-alkyl having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3, carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylsulphonyl, ethylsulphonyl, n-propylsulphonyl, isopropylsulphonyl, tert-butylsulphonyl, n-pentylsulphonyl and n-hexylsulphonyl.
C1-C6-Alkylsulphonylamino is a C1-C6-Alkylsulphonyl linked via an Aminogroup to the phenyl or pyridyl. For C1-C6-Alkylsulphonyl see the corresponding definition. Preferred examples include methylsulphonylamino, ethylsulphonylamino, n-propylsulphonylamino, isopropyl-sulphonylamino, tert-butylsulphonylamino, n-pentylsulphonylamino and n-hexylsulphonylamino.
C1-C6-Alkylthio: The term C1-C6-alkyl stands for a straight-chain or branched alkyl-group linked via a sulphur (—S—) radical to the phenyl or pyridyl. The C1-C6-alkyl group having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 and particularly preferably having 1 to 3, carbon atoms. Preferred examples include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, tert-butylthio, n-pentylthio and n-hexylthio.
C6-C10-Arylaminocarbonyl is an arylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group. Preferred examples include phenylaminocarbonyl and naphthylaminocarbonyl.
C6-C10-Arylcarbonylamino is an arylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group. Preferred examples include phenylcarbonylamino and naphthylcarbonylamino.
Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine are preferred, and fluorine and chlorine are particularly preferred.
Heteroaryl is an aromatic, mono- or bicyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms and up to 5 heteroatoms from the series S, O and/or N. 5- to 6-membered heteroaryls having up to 4 heteroatoms are preferred. The heteroaryl radical may be bonded via a carbon or nitrogen atom. Preferred examples include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl.
6-membered heteroaryl is an aromatic radical having 6 ring atoms and up to 2 nitrogen atoms. The heteroaryl radical is bonded via a carbon atom. Preferred examples include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl and pyrazinyl.
Heteroarylaminocarbonyl is a heteroarylamino radical linked via a carbonyl group. For heteroaryl see the corresponding definition. Preferred examples include thienylaminocarbonyl, furylaminocarbonyl, pyrrolylaminocarbonyl, thiazolylaminocarbonyl, oxazolylaminocarbonyl, imidazolylaminocarbonyl, tetrazolylaminocarbonyl, pyridylaminocarbonyl, pyrimidinylaminocarbonyl, pyridazinylaminocarbonyl, indolylaminocarbonyl, indazolylaminocarbonyl, benzofuranylaminocarbonyl, benzothiophenylaminocarbonyl, quinolinylaminocarbonyl and isoquinolinylaminocarbonyl.
Heteroarylcarbonylamino is a heteroarylcarbonyl radical linked via an amino group. For heteroaryl see the corresponding definition. Preferred examples include thienylcarbonylamino, furylcarbonylamino, pyrrolylcarbonylamino, thiazolylcarbonylamino, oxazolylcarbonylamino, imidazolylcarbonylamino, tetrazolylcarbonylamino, pyridylcarbonylamino, pyrimidinylcarbonylamino, pyridazinylcarbonylamino, indolylcarbonylamino, indazolylcarbonylamino, benzofuranylcarbonylamino, benzothiophenylcarbonylamino, quinolinylcarbonylamino and isoquinolinylcarbonylamino.
5- to 8-membered heterocyclyl is a mono- or polycyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 8 ring atoms and up to 3, preferably 2, heteroatoms or hetero groups from the series N, O, S, SO, SO2. Mono- or bicyclic heterocyclyl is preferred. Monocyclic heterocyclyl is particularly preferred. N and O are preferred as heteroatoms. The heterocyclyl radicals may be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocyclyl radicals are preferred. 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl radicals are particularly preferred. Preferred examples include oxetan-3-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, thiopyranyl, morpholinyl, perhydroazepinyl. More preferred is morpholinyl.
When radicals in the compounds of the invention are optionally substituted, unless otherwise specified substitution by up to three identical or different substituents is preferred.
The term “compound” is understood in the chemical meaning as understood by the scientific chemical community.
It will be evident for the person skilled in the art, that some of the embodiments of the compounds of the invention may appear in tautomeric form(s) or stereoisomeric form(s) (enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates, mixtures thereof, etc.), which for example may exist in dependency of the substitution pattern. A stereochemically pure constituent can be isolated in a known manner from such mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers.
Some embodiments of the compounds of the invention also may be transferred into physiologically acceptable salts.
The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
Such physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention include salts with mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulphonic acids, e.g. salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid, e.g. in the form of acid addition salts.
Physiologically acceptable salts of such embodiments of the present invention also may include salts with conventional bases such as, by way of example and preferably, alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g. calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonia, organic amines having 1 to 16 C atoms, such as, by way of example and preferably, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methyl-morpholine, dehydroabietylamine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine and methylpiperidine.
Some embodiments of compounds of the present invention may form solvates. For the purposes of the invention the term “solvates” refers to those forms of the compounds which form, in the solid or liquid state, a complex with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a specific form of solvates in which the coordination takes place with water. Typically a solvate is a crystalline complex of host molecules (compound molecules) and solvent molecules. The molecules of the solvent are incorporated into the host lattice. The solvent molecules may—but need not—be linked to the host molecule by coordination. Solvates also may be formed by salt forms of the compounds of the present invention. Most interesting pharmaceutically acceptable solvates include hydrates or solvates with ethanol.
A derivative of a compound according to the invention which shares the same pharmacophoric group or groups and which thus provides a bioequivalent pharmacological effect may be considered a subgeneric form of said compound according to the invention.
The compounds of the present invention may be made in accordance with the outline of WO04099210 (in particular page 9, last paragraph to page 14, line 8, incorporated by reference). Specific procedures can be taken from the experimental part thereof.
A specific and independent embodiment EA according to the present invention refers to a compound, characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EB according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EC according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment ED according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EE according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EF according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EG according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Yet a specific and independent embodiment EH according to the present invention refers to a compound characterised by general formula I:
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are the following compounds, whereby each single compound is considered a specific and independent aspect of the present invention:
The following scheme shall illustrate a process to manufacture the compounds of the present invention by way of example:
2-Ethoxymethylene-malononitrile is condensed with mono-substituted hydrazines to form 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles. The heterocycles are converted to the corresponding amides. Finally, reaction with carboxylic esters or carboxylic acids leads to pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as final products [cf., for example, A. Miyashita et al., Heterocycles 1990, 31, 1309ff].
Mono-substituted hydrazine derivatives can be prepared either by formation of the diazonium salt and consequent reduction or, alternatively, by nucleophilic displacement on the corresponding halide derivative [cf., for example, I. Hunsberger et al., Journal of Organic Chemistry 1956, 21, 394-399; T. J. Fleck et al., Organic Process Research & Development 2006, 10(2), 334-338].
Further processes for preparing pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones are known and can likewise be employed for synthesizing the compounds of the invention (see, for example: P. Schmidt et al., Helvetica Chimica Acta 1962, 189, 1620ff.).
Method of Treatment
The compounds of the invention show a valuable range of pharmacological effects which could not have been predicted. They are characterised in particular by inhibition of PDE9A.
In particular the compounds according to the present invention show a good selectivity profile in view of inhibiting or modulating specific members within the PDE9 family or other PDE families, with a preference (selectivity) towards PDE9A inhibition.
To exemplify, but not meant to be limited, it now shall be referred to the selectivity of the PDE 9A inhibiting compounds according the present invention against PDE1C. Bingham et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2006, 350, 25-32) described the expression pattern of PDE1C in human tissue. PDE1C shows highest expression in heart tissue followed by testis and vena cava.
Taken together the physiological role of PDE1C and the aspect of the present invention, namely to find compounds that can be used to treat conditions for which the inhibition of PDE9 is considered to be of advantage or that can be taken for the treatment of cognitive impairment, in particular Alzheimer's Disease, it will be appreciated that efficacy weighted against safety appears to be a feature to characterise the compounds of the invention.
It also will be acknowledged that the compounds of the present invention are supposed to show a good safety profile.
As mentioned before, the present invention refers to compounds, which are considered effective and selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 9A and can be used for the development of medicaments. Such medicaments shall preferably be used for the treatment of diseases in which the inhibition of PDE9A can evolve a therapeutic, prophylactic or disease modifying effect to the benefit of the patient.
Independently on the mode of action of the compounds, preferably medicaments with a compound according to the invention as active ingredient shall be used to treat, prevent or improve perception, concentration, cognition, learning or memory, like those occurring in particular in situations/diseases/syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment, age-associated learning and memory impairments, age-associated memory losses, vascular dementia, craniocerebral trauma, stroke, dementia occurring after strokes (post stroke dementia), post-traumatic dementia, general concentration impairments, concentration impairments in children with learning and memory problems, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, dementia with degeneration of the frontal lobes, including Pick's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, progressive nuclear palsy, dementia with corticobasal degeneration, amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, thalamic degeneration, Creutzfeld-Jacob dementia, HIV dementia, schizophrenia with dementia or Korsakoff's psychosis.
Another aspect of the present invention concerns the treatment of sleep disorders like insomnia or narcolepsy, bipolar disorder, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, including type 1 or type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, or a disease of the testes, brain, small intestine, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, thymus or spleen or another disease which is accessible by PDE9A modulation.
A preferred condition, the course of which shall be influenced to the benefit of the patient by the use of the compounds according to the present invention is Alzheimer's Disease.
The use of the compounds of the present invention preferably is for the treatment, amelioration and/or prevention of the conditions as outlined herein, preferably for the treatment thereof, more preferably for the symptomatic treatment.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
Medicaments for administration comprise a compound of formula (I) in a therapeutically effective amount. By “therapeutically effective amount” it is meant that if the medicament is applied via the appropriate regimen adapted to the patient's condition, the amount of said compound of formula (I) will be sufficient to effectively treat, to prevent or to decelerate the progression of the corresponding disease, or otherwise to ameliorate the estate of a patient suffering from such a disease. It may be the case that the “therapeutically effective amount” in a mono-therapy will differ from the “therapeutically effective amount” in a combination therapy with another medicament.
The dose range of the compounds of general formula (I) applicable per day is usually from 0.1 to 5000 mg, preferably 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably from 2 to 500 mg, more preferably from 5 to 250 mg, most preferably from 10 to 100 mg. A dosage unit (e.g. a tablet) preferably contains between 2 and 250 mg, particularly preferably between 10 and 100 mg of the compounds according to the invention.
The actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age, weight, gender or other condition of the patient, route of administration, severity of disease, and the like.
The compounds according to the invention may be administered by oral, parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular etc.), intranasal, sublingual, inhalative, intrathecal, topical or rectal route. Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula (I) include for example patches, tablets, capsules, pills, pellets, dragees, powders, troches, suppositories, liquid preparations such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, drops, syrups, elixirs, or gaseous preparations such as aerosols, sprays and the like. The content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.05 to 90 wt.-%, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt.-% of the composition as a whole. Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing the active substance(s) with known excipients, for example inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose, disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such as starch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/or agents for delaying release, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or polyvinyl acetate. The tablets may also comprise several layers.
Coated tablets may be prepared accordingly by coating cores produced analogously to the tablets with substances normally used for tablet coatings, for example collidone or shellac, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxide or sugar. To achieve delayed release or prevent incompatibilities the core may also consist of a number of layers. Similarly the tablet coating may consist of a number of layers to achieve delayed release, possibly using the excipients mentioned above for the tablets.
Syrups or elixirs containing the active substances or combinations thereof according to the invention may additionally contain a sweetener such as saccharine, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar and a flavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanillin or orange extract. They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wetting agents such as, for example, condensation products of fatty alcohols with ethylene oxide, or preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates.
Solutions are prepared in the usual way, e.g. with the addition of isotonic agents, preservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates or stabilisers such as alkali metal salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, optionally using emulsifiers and/or dispersants, while if water is used as diluent, for example, organic solvents may optionally be used as solubilisers or dissolving aids, and the solutions may be transferred into injection vials or ampoules or infusion bottles.
Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations of active substances may for example be prepared by mixing the active substances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol and packing them into gelatine capsules.
Suitable suppositories may be made for example by mixing with carriers provided for this purpose, such as neutral fats or polyethyleneglycol or the derivatives thereof.
Excipients which may be used include, for example, water, pharmaceutically acceptable organic solvents such as paraffins (e.g. petroleum fractions), vegetable oils (e.g. groundnut or sesame oil), mono- or polyfunctional alcohols (e.g. ethanol or glycerol), carriers such as e.g. natural mineral powders (e.g. kaolins, clays, talc, chalk), synthetic mineral powders (e.g. highly dispersed silicic acid and silicates), sugars (e.g. cane sugar, lactose and glucose), emulsifiers (e.g. lignin, spent sulphite liquors, methylcellulose, starch and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc, stearic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate).
For oral use the tablets may obviously contain, in addition to the carriers specified, additives such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and dicalcium phosphate together with various additional substances such as starch, preferably potato starch, gelatin and the like. Lubricants such as magnesium stearate, sodium laurylsulphate and talc may also be used to produce the tablets. In the case of aqueous suspensions the active substances may be combined with various flavour enhancers or colourings in addition to the abovementioned excipients.
The dosage of the compounds according to the invention is naturally highly dependent on the method of administration and the complaint which is being treated. When administered by inhalation the compounds of formula (I) are characterised by a high potency even at doses in the microgram range. The compounds of formula (I) may also be used effectively above the microgram range. The dosage may then be in the gram range, for example.
Combinations with Other Active Substances
In another aspect the present invention relates to the above-mentioned pharmaceutical formulations as such which are characterised in that they contain a compound of formula I.
A further aspect of the present invention refers to a combination of at least one compound according to formula (I) with another compound selected from the group of for example beta-secretase inhibitors; gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors such as e.g. alzhemed; directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants, such as e.g. vitamin E or ginkolide; anti-inflammatory substances, such as e.g. Cox inhibitors, NSAIDs additionally or exclusively having Aβ lowering properties; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins); acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine; NMDA receptor antagonists such as e.g. memantine; AMPA receptor agonists; AMPA receptor positive modulators, AMPkines, monoamine receptor reuptake inhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release of neurotransmitters; substances inducing the secretion of growth hormone such as ibutamoren mesylate and capromorelin; CB-1 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists; antibiotics such as minocyclin or rifampicin; PDE2, PDE4, PDE5, PDE10 inhibitors, GABAA receptor inverse agonists, GABAA receptor antagonists, nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators; histamine H3 antagonists, 5 HT-4 agonists or partial agonists, 5HT-6 antagonists, alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, muscarinic receptor M1 agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, muscarinic receptor M2 antagonists, muscarinic receptor M4 antagonists, metabotropic glutamate-receptor 5 positive modulators, and other substances that modulate receptors or enzymes in a manner such that the efficacy and/or safety of the compounds according to the invention is increased and/or unwanted side effects are reduced.
This invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more, preferably one active substance, which is selected from the compounds according to the invention and/or the corresponding salts, as well as one or more, preferably one active substance selected from among alzhemed, vitamin E, ginkolide, donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine, memantine, ibutamoren mesylate, capromorelin, minocyclin and/or rifampicin, optionally together with one or more inert carriers and/or diluents.
The compounds according to the invention may also be used in combination with immunotherapies such as e.g. active immunisation with Abeta or parts thereof or passive immunisation with humanised anti-Abeta antibodies or nanobodies for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases and conditions.
The combinations according to the present invention may be provided simultaneously in one and the same dosage form, i.e. in form of a combination preparation, for example the two components may be incorporated in one tablet, e.g. in different layers of said tablet. The combination may be also provided separately, in form of a free combination, i.e. the compounds of the present invention are provided in one dosage form and one or more of the above mentioned combination partners is provided in another dosage form. These two dosage forms may be equal dosage forms, for example a co-administration of two tablets, one containing a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention and one containing a therapeutically effective amount of the above mentioned combination partner. It is also possible to combine different administration forms, if desired. Any type of suitable administration forms may be provided.
The compound according to the invention, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with another active substance may be used simultaneously or at staggered times, but particularly close together in time. If administered simultaneously, the two active substances are given to the patient together; if administered at staggered times the two active substances are given to the patient successively within a period of less than or equal to 12, particularly less than or equal to 6 hours.
The dosage or administration forms are not limited, in the frame of the present invention any suitable dosage form may be used. Exemplarily the dosage forms may be selected from solid preparations such as patches, tablets, capsules, pills, pellets, dragees, powders, troches, suppositories, liquid preparations such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, drops, syrups, elixirs, or gaseous preparations such as aerosols, sprays and the like.
The dosage forms are advantageously formulated in dosage units, each dosage unit being adapted to supply a single dose of each active component being present. Depending from the administration route and dosage form the ingredients are selected accordingly.
The dosage for the above-mentioned combination partners is expediently ⅕ of the normally recommended lowest dose up to 1/1 of the normally recommended dose.
The dosage forms are administered to the patient 1, 2, 3, or 4 times daily. It is preferred that the compounds of the invention be administered either three or fewer times, more preferably once or twice daily.
In accordance with this paragraph, one particular aspect of the invention is a medication consisting of—or the use of—a compound according to the invention, in particular in view of any of the aforementioned embodiments of matrix I, II or III, or any of the embodiments EA, EB, EC, ED, EF, EG, EH or the individually specified compounds, in combination with another therapeutically effective compound, preferably selected from the group of beta-secretase inhibitors; gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors; directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants; anti-inflammatory substances; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists; AMPA receptor agonists; AMPA receptor positive modulators, AMPkines, monoamine receptor reuptake inhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release of neurotransmitters; substances modulating the secretion of growth hormone; CB-1 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists; antibiotics; PDE2, PDE4, PDE5, PDE10 inhibitors, GABAA receptor inverse agonists, GABAA receptor antagonists, nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators; histamine H3 antagonists, 5 HT-4 agonists or partial agonists, 5HT-6 antagonists, alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, muscarinic receptor M1 agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, muscarinic receptor M2 antagonists, muscarinic receptor M4 antagonists, metabotropic glutamate-receptor 5 positive modulators, and/or other substances that modulate receptors or enzymes in a manner such that the efficacy and/or safety of the compounds according to the invention is increased and/or unwanted side effects are reduced for the preparation of a medication for the treatment of a disease, in particular as herein described.
The following examples of pharmaceutical formulations illustrate the present invention without restricting its scope:
Some examples of formulations will now be described, wherein the term “active substance” denotes one or more compounds according to the invention including the salts thereof. In the case of one of the aforementioned combinations with one or more other active substances the term “active substance” also includes the additional active substances.
Composition:
1 tablet contains:
Composition:
1 tablet contains:
1 capsule contains:
Capsule shell: size 1 hard gelatine capsule.
1 suppository contains:
Composition:
Composition:
The preparation of any the above mentioned formulations can be done following standard procedures.
Biological Assay
The in vitro effect of the compounds of the invention can be shown with the following biological assays.
PDE Assay Protocol:
The PDE enzymatic activity assays were run as SPA, in general according to the protocol of the manufacturer (Amersham Biosciences, product number: TRKQ 7100). As enzyme source, lysate (PBS with 1% Triton X-100 supplemented with protease inhibitors, cell debris removed by centrifugation at 13.000 rpm for 30 min) of SF 9 cell expressing the human PDE of interest was used. The total protein amount included in the assay varied upon infection and production efficacy of the SF9 cells and lay in the range of 0.1-100 ng.
In general, the assay conditions were as follows:
The assays were run in 384-well format. The test reagents as well as the enzyme and the substrate were diluted in assay buffer. The assay buffer contained 50 mM Tris, 8.3 mM MgCl2, 1.7 mM EGTA, 0.1% BSA, 0.05% Tween 20; the pH of assay buffer was adjusted to 7.5. In case activity of PDE1C was analysed, 50 nM Calmodulin and 3 mM CaCl2 were included in the assay buffer. In case PDE9 activity was analyzed, the reaction was stopped by applying a PDE9 specific inhibitor (e.g. compounds according to WO2004/099210). PDE1C was analysed with cAMP as substrate, and PDE9 was analyzed with cGMP as substrate.
Calculation of % Inhibition:
The activity of the positive control (minus the negative control=background) is set to 100% and activity in the presence of test compound is expressed relative to these 100%.
Within this setting, an inhibition above 100% might be possible due to the nature of the variation of the positive control within the assay, however, in this case the reported % inhibition had been adjusted to 100%.
Calculation of IC50:
IC50 can be calculated in a conventional way, eventually with the help of GraphPadPrism or other suited software setting the positive control as 100 and the negative control as 0. For calculation of IC50 usually 8 dilutions of the test compound (substrates) are to be selected and tested following the aforementioned protocol.
For to illustrate the pharmacological properties of the compounds according to the present invention in the following are given some illustrative and representative examples thereof, which are not considered to be limiting.
The in vivo effect of the compounds of this invention can be tested in the Novel Object Recognition test according to the procedure of Prickaerts et al. (Neuroscience, 2002, 113, 351-361).
Chemical Manufacture
Abbreviations:
DIPEA di-isopropyl-ethylamine
DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide
ESI electrospray ionization (in MS)
h hour(s)
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
HPLC-MS coupled high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy
MPLC medium pressure liquid chromatography
min minutes
MS mass spectroscopy
Psi pounds per square inch
Rf retention factor
RT retention time (in HPLC)
TBTU 2-(1H-Benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium-tetrafluoroborate
TFA trifluoroacetic acid
TLC thin-layer chromatography
LC-MS Methods:
Method 1
MS apparatus type: Waters Micromass ZQ; HPLC apparatus type: Waters Alliance 2695, Waters 2996 diode array detector; column: Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30×4.6 mm, 3.0 μm; eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0.0 min 5% B→0.18 min 5% B→2.0 min 98% B→2.2 min 98% B→2.3 min 5% B→2.5 min 5% B; flow rate: 3.5 ml/min; UV detection: 210-380 nm.
Method 2
MS apparatus type: Waters Micromass ZQ; HPLC apparatus type: Waters Alliance 2695, Waters 2996 diode array detector; column: Merck Chromolith Performance RP18e, 100×1 mm; eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 0.0 min 5% B→0.2 min 5% B→1.6 min 98% B→1.9 min 98% B→2.0 min 5% B→2.2 min 5% B; flow rate: 3.5 ml/min; UV detection: 210-380 nm.
Method 3
Instrument: LC/MS ThermoFinnigan. Hplc Surveyor DAD, LCQduo Ion trap; column: Sunryse MS-C18, 5 um, 4.6×100 mm; eluent A: 95% water+5% acetonitrile+20 mM ammonium formate; eluent B: 95% acetonitrile+5% water+20 mM ammonium formate; gradient: A/B (95:5) for 1 min, then to A/B (5:95) in 7 min for 1.5 min; flow rate: 0.85 ml/min; UV detection: 254 nm; Ion source: ESI.
Method Grad_C8_Acidic
Instrument: LC/MS Waters. Hplc Alliance 2695 DAD, ZQ Quadrupole; column: Xterra MS-C8, 3.5 um, 4.6×50 mm; eluent A: water+0.1% TFA+10% acetonitrile; eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: A/B (80:20), then to A/B (10:90) in 3.25 min for 0.75 min; flow rate: 1.3 ml/min; UV Detection: 254 nm; Ion source: ESI.
Method Grad_C8_NH4COOH
Instrument: LC/MS Waters. Hplc Alliance 2695 DAD, ZQ Quadrupole. Column: Xterra MS-C8, 3.5 um, 4.6×50 mm; eluent A: water+ammonium formate 5 mM+10% acetonitrile; eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: A 100, then to A/B (10:90) in 3.25 min for 0.75 min; flow rate: 1.3 ml/min; UV Detection: 254 nm; Ion source: ESI.
Method Grad_C18_Acidic
Instrument: LC/MS Waters. Hplc Alliance 2695 DAD, ZQ Quadrupole; column: Sunfire MS-C18, 3.5 um, 4.6×50 mm; eluent A: water+0.1% TFA+10% acetonitrile; eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: A/B (80:20), then to A/B (10:90) in 3.25 min for 0.75 min; flow rate: 1.3 ml/min; UV Detection: 254 nm; Ion source: ESI.
Method 1D
Instrument: LC/MS ThermoFinnigan. Hplc Surveyor DAD, MSQ Quadrupole; column: Sunfire MS-C18, 5 um, 4.6×100 mm; eluent A: 90% water+10% acetonitrile+ammonium formate 10 mM; eluent B: acetonitrile 90%+10% water+ammonium formate 10 mM; gradient: A (100) for 1 min, then to B (100) in 7 min for 1 min; flow rate: 1.2 mL/min; UV Detection: 254 nm; Ion source: APCI.
Method 1E
Instrument: LC/MS ThermoFinnigan. Hplc Surveyor DAD, MSQ Quadrupole; column: Symmetry C8, 5 um, 3×150 mm; eluent A: 90% water+10% acetonitrile+ammonium formate 10 mM; eluent B=acetonitrile 90%+10% H2O+NH4COOH 10 mM; gradient: A (100) for 1.5 min, then to B (100) in 10 min for 1.5 min; flow rate: 1.2 mL/min; UV Detection: 254 nm; Ion source: APCI.
Microwave Heating:
20.0 g (90.9 mmol) of (2-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid were dissolved in 150 ml of absolute ethanol. At 0° C. 10.0 ml (138 mmol) of thionylchloride were slowly added. The solution was heated to 50° C. for 12 h. Cooling to room temperature was followed by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was dissolved in 10 ml of ethyl acetate and filtered through a pad of activated basic alumina. The ester was obtained as a colourless oil (18.4 g, 81% of theory).
HPLC-MS (Method 1): RT: 1.64 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=249 (M+H)+.
In analogy to the preparation of example 1A, the methyl ester was obtained using absolute methanol instead of ethanol.
10.0 g (70.6 mmol) of 2-chloro-5-methyl-aniline were dissolved in 38 ml hydrochloric acid (20% in water). At −5° C. a solution of 5.36 g (77.7 mmol) of sodium nitrite in 70 ml water was added drop wise within 40 min and kept at this temperature for further 30 min. The cold solution was added drop wise to a solution of 40.2 g (178 mmol) of tin(II)-chloride dihydrate in 48 ml of hydrochloric acid (32% in water), maintaining the temperature at −10° C. The resulting suspension was heated to 25° C. and stirred for 12 h. The suspension was cooled to 0° C. and 350 ml sodium hydroxide (40% in water) were added. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The organic layers were collected, extracted with water and dried over magnesium sulphate. Filtration and evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure yielded the hydrazine as a solid. (9.6 g, 87% of theory).
HPLC-MS (Method 1): RT: 0.90 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=157/159 (Cl) (M+H)+ and 140/142 (Cl) (M—NH3+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 2A, using the corresponding anilines as starting materials:
5.0 g (23.9 mmol) of 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-fluoro-benzene and 4.64 ml (95.5 mmol) of hydrazine hydrate were dissolved in 8 ml DMSO. The solution was stirred for 48 h at 70° C. The mixture was cooled to 25° C. and water was added. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration and washed with water. After drying under reduced pressure the hydrazine was obtained as a solid. (2.6 g, 49% of theory).
HPLC-MS (Method 1): RT: 0.93 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=221/223/225 (Br, Cl) (M+H)+ and 204/206/208 (Br, Cl) (M—NH3+H)+.
The following example was synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 3A, using the corresponding aryl fluoride as starting material:
3.0 g (18.5 mmol) of 3-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyridine were dissolved in 15 ml hydrochloric acid (12N). The reaction mixture was cooled at −20° C.; and then a solution of sodium nitrite (1.4 g; 20.35 mmol) in 15 ml of water was added dropwise, keeping the temperature at −15° C. After 1 hour, the reaction mixture was added drop wise to a solution of tin(II)-chloride dihydrate (12.53 g; 55.53 mmol) in 7.5 ml hydrochloric acid (12N) keeping the temperature at −15° C. After 1 hour the reaction was complete; the pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 10-11 by addition of 40% KOH at −20° C.; the product was extracted by ethyl acetate. After drying under reduced pressure the hydrazine was obtained as a red solid. (2.5 g; 14.11 mmol; yield 76%).
HPLC-MS (Method 1E): RT: 4.48 min
MS (APCI): m/z=178 (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 4A, using the corresponding aminopyridines as starting materials:
8.7 g (53.5 mmol) of 4-fluorphenylhydrazine hydrochloride was suspended with 6.5 g (53.5 mmol) of ethoxymethylenemalononitrile in 13 ml of ethanol, and 22.2 ml (160 mmol) of triethylamine were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. for 2 h. After cooling to room temperature the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was treated with water (25 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was purified by preparative MPLC (SiO2, eluent CH2Cl2). 5.0 g (46% of theory) of the product were obtained as an oil, that solidifies over night.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.06 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=203 (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 5A, using the corresponding hydrazines as starting materials:
9.6 g (61.3 mmol) of example 2A and 7.49 g (61.3 mmol) of ethoxymethylenemalononitrile in 15 ml of ethanol, and 17.0 ml (123 mmol) of triethylamine were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 50° C. for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and extracted twice with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was purified by preparative MPLC (SiO2, eluent CH2Cl2). 7.2 g (51% of theory) of the product were obtained as an oil, that solidifies over night.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.26 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=233/235 (Cl) (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 6A, using the corresponding hydrazines as starting materials:
To a solution of example 4A (2.5 g; 14.11 mmol) in ethyl alcohol (170 ml) ethoxymethylenemalononitrile (1.72 g; 14.11 mmol) was added in portions and then the reaction mixture was refluxed during one hour. The reaction mixture was then allowed to reach room temperature observing the formation of a solid that was filtered off and purified by flash chromatography. 2.2 g of the desired compound were obtained (8.68 mmol; yield=61.6%).
LC-MS (Method Grad-C8-NH4COOH): RT=1.88 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=254 (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 7A, using the corresponding hydrazines as starting materials:
7.2 g (31.0 mmol) of example 6A was dissolved in 250 ml of ethanol. At 25° C. a solution of 66.5 ml (0.77 mol) hydrogen peroxide (35% in water) in 300 ml ammonia (25% in water) was added slowly over a period of 10 min. The solution was carefully concentrated to a volume of 30 ml under reduced pressure. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration and purified by preparative HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile). 5.8 g (75% of theory) of the product were obtained as a colourless solid.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=0.66 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=251/253 (Cl) (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 8A, using the corresponding 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles as starting materials:
0.90 g of example 8 AD (3.50 mmol) were dissolved in 20 mL ethanol and 12 mL 2N NaOH solution was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The precipitate forming was filtered off and dried to give 0.60 g (70%) of example 8AG.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=0.80 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=245 (M−H)−.
0.25 g of example 8R (0.89 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL dichloromethane and 2.5 mL BBr3 solution (1M in THF) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. Standard aqueous work up afforded 0.10 g (44%) of example 8AH.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=0.82 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=252/254 (Cl) (M)+.
4.79 g of example 8AE (19.0 mmol) were dissolved in 500 mL methanol and 1.0 g PD/C (10%) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at room temperature for 4 h at 60 psi hydrogen pressure. Filtration and concentration afforded 4.06 g (98%) of example 8 AI.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=0.36 min
4.7 g of (23.13 mmol) of example 7B were dissolved in ethanol and then the temperature was lowered at 0°-5° C. A solution of 30% ammonium hydroxide (110 ml; 832 mmol) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (46 ml; 535 mmol) was then added drop wise. The reaction was heated to 20° C. and the reaction mixture stirred for two additional hours. The formed precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum. 4.4 g of the desired compound were obtained (19.89 mmol; yield=86%).
LC-MS ((Method Grad-C18-Acidic): RT=0.6 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=222 (M+H)+
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 9A, using the corresponding 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles as starting materials:
Example 10A was synthesized in analogy to example 3 using example 8V as starting material.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.68 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=463 (M+H)+
0.080 g (0.37 mmol) of 5-amino-1-(4-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amide (compare WO 04-099211) were dissolved in 1.5 ml of absolute ethanol and 0.31 g (1.3 mmol) of example 1B and 0.059 g (1.5 mmol) of sodium hydride (60% suspension in mineral oil) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux overnight. Cooling to room temperature was followed by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was treated with water (25 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was purified by preparative HPLC (eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile). 106 mg (72% of theory) of the product were obtained.
TLC (CH2Cl2/MeOH; 10:1): Rf=0.44.
In analogy to the preparation of example 1, 0.21 g (56% of theory) of the desired product were obtained from 0.20 g (0.92 mmol) of 5-amino-1-o-tolyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amide (compare WO 04-099211) in 4.0 ml of absolute ethanol, 0.77 g (3.2 mmol) of example 1B, and 0.015 g (3.7 mmol) of sodium hydride (60% suspension in mineral oil).
TLC (CH2Cl2/MeOH; 10:1): Rf=0.6.
0.150 g (0.60 mmol) of example 8A were dissolved in 4.0 ml of absolute ethanol, 297 mg (1.20 mmol) of example 1A, and 71.8 mg (1.80 mmol) of sodium hydride (60% suspension in mineral oil) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 150° C. for 30 min in a microwave oven. Cooling to room temperature was followed by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was treated with water (10 ml) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was purified by preparative HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile). 131 mg (50% of theory) of the product were obtained as a colourless solid.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.64 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=435/437 (Cl) (M+H)+.
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 3, using the corresponding 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amides as starting materials:
a)
The precursor to example 30-5 was synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 3, using example 8AI as starting material.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.23 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=402 (M+H)+.
b)
0.10 g (0.20 mmol) of a) were dissolved in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane and 55.5 μL (0.40 mmol) triethylamine were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min followed by the addition of 29.9 μL (0.40 mmol) acetylchloride and further stirring at room temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness. Water was added and the resulting precipitate was filtered off and dried to afford 76.1 mg (86%) of example 30-4.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.36 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=444 (M+H)+.
0.02 g (0.043 mmol) of example 10A were dissolved in 1.0 ml of BBr3 and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Water was added and the resulting slurry extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase was separated, dried and evaporated to dryness to yield 18.2 mg (54% of theory) of the product as a colourless solid.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.55 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=421 (M+H)+
Example 9C (0.15 g; 0.65 mmol) was suspended in a 50 ml flask with polyphosphoric acid (1 g) and 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylacetic acid (428 mg; 1.94 mmol). The mixture, under mechanic stirring, was heated at 120° C. during 24 hours and the temperature was then lowered at room temperature, water was added (10 ml) and pH value was adjusted to 7 by addition of NH4OH (30% solution). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×20 ml) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulphate. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography. Eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate 30/70.
Obtained 40 mg (0.09 mmol; yield=34%) of the desired compound
LC-MS (Method 1E): RT=8.35 min MS (APCI): m/z=456 (M+H)
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 32, using the corresponding 5-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid amides as starting materials:
0.05 g (0.11 mmol) of example 30-2, 11.0 μL piperidine (0.11 mmol), 40.0 mg TBTU (0.13 mmol) and 40.0 μL DIPEA (0.23 mmol) were dissolved in 5 mL dichloromethane and stirred at room temperature over night. Standard aqueous work up and HPLC-separation (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile) afforded 35 mg (61%) of example 35.
LC-MS (Method 1): RT=1.54 min
MS (ESI pos): m/z=532/534 (Cl) (M+H)+
The following examples were synthesized in analogy to the preparation of example 35, using the corresponding amines:
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110015193 A1 | Jan 2011 | US |
