The present invention relates to the use of pyrimidines of the formula I
in which the substituents are as defined below:
Furthermore, the present invention relates to novel pyrimidines and the use thereof for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, to a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi wherein the fungi and/or the materials, plants, the soil and/or the seed to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of at least one pyrimidine of the formula I, and to a method for controlling animal pests. The present invention furthermore provides pesticidal compositions comprising at least one of the compounds according to the invention and processes and intermediates for preparing the novel pyrimidines.
Depending on the substitution pattern, the pyrimidines I according to the invention may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as enantiomer or diastereomer mixtures. The invention provides both the pure enantiomers or diastereomers or rotamers and mixtures thereof. Suitable compounds of the formula I also include all possible stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof. The compounds according to the invention can be present in different crystal modifications, which may differ in their biological activity. They also form part of the subject matter of the present invention.
Substituted pyrimidines having fungicidal action are known from the literature (WO 01/096314, WO 02/074753, WO 03/043993, WO 04/103978). WO 2005/019207 relates to fungicidal pyrimidine derivatives which have a heteroaromatic ring in the 4-position and are substituted in the 5-position by halogen, C2-C6-alkenyl or C2-C6-alkynyl, which are optionally halogenated.
It was an object of the present invention to provide further compounds having a suitable pesticidal, in particular fungicidal, action. Surprisingly, this object is achieved by the pyrimidines of the formula I.
According to the present invention, agriculturally acceptable salts include in particular the salts of those cations and the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the pesticidal action of the pyrimidines according to the invention.
Thus, suitable cations are in particular the ions of the alkali metals, preferably sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and barium, and of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, and also the ammonium ion which, if desired, may bear from one to four (C1-C4)-alkyl substituents and/or one phenyl or benzyl substituent, preferably diisopropylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethylbenzylammonium, and also phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfonium, and sulfoxonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfoxonium.
Anions of useful acid addition salts are for example chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and also the anions of (C1-C4)-alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reacting the compounds according to the invention with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
The compounds according to the invention can be obtained by various routes. They can be prepared, for example, analogously to the syntheses for substituted pyrimidines described in the literature cited at the outset.
Compounds according to the invention can be prepared, for example, from compounds 2
by reacting these with an amine HNR1R2 to give compounds 3.
Hal1 and Hal2 are each independently of one another halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine, preferably chlorine, and R1 and R2 have the meanings and preferred meanings as defined for formula I. Compounds 2 are known or obtainable analogously to the known substances.
By halogenation in the 5-position, compounds 3 can then be converted further into compounds 4
where Hal3 is halogen, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine, preferably bromine. Compounds 3 can be brominated, for example, by reaction with bromine (Hal3=Br).
To introduce different radicals R4 (as defined for the compounds of the formula I according to the invention), it is posssible, for example, to oxidize the (C1-C6-alkylthio) group in the compounds 4 under generally known compounds to the alkylsulfonyl (C1-C6-alkyl-S[═O]2—) group (compound 4a), thus forming a leaving group for further exchange reactions:
Suitable oxidizing agents are in particular hydrogen peroxide or peracids of organic carboxylic acids; advantageously, MCPBA (meta-chloroperbenzoic acid) may be used. However, the oxidation may also be carried out using selenium dioxide.
By reacting the compounds 4a with a cyanide, such as, for example, potassium cyanide, in the presence of a crown ether (for example 18-crown-6), it is possible to prepare compounds 4b in which R4 is thus cyano:
To introduce substituents according to the invention into the 5-position (Y in formula I), the compounds 4b can then be reacted, for example, with trimethylsilylacetylene under conditions generally known to the person skilled in the art, to obtain compounds Ia:
Compounds Ia can then be converted further into compounds of the formula I in which Y is alkenyl. Compounds Ib, for example, can be obtained by reaction with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)
By reaction with, for example, potassium fluoride and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), the trimethylsilyl group can be exchanged for Cl:
Starting with 2-cyano-substituted pyrimidines of the formula I (R4═CN, for example compounds Ia, Ib or Ic) it is possible to prepare 2-amides, 2-amidoximes, 2-amidines by known methods (R4 is C(═O)NH2, C(═NOH)NH2, C[═NO(C1-C6-alkyl)]NH2, C(═NH)NRCRd (where Rc and Rd are as defioned above) or C(═NH)NH2). Here, in the case of the amides, the nitrile is hydrolyzed, for example in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Amidoximes can be obtained by initially converting the nitrile with methanol and hydrogen chloride or with methanol and sodium methoxide into the imino ester with is then reacted further with a hydroxylamine (R4 is C(═N—OH)NH2) or an O-alkylated hydroxylamine (H2NO(C1-C6-alkyl))- to prepare compounds in which R4 is C(═N—OCH3)NH2, for example, H2N—OCH3 is used. Amidines are formed, for example, directly from the nitrile with ammonia or an amine, or they cab also be prepared from the imino ester by reaction with ammonia or an amine. The reaction can be carried out using processes known in the prior art (see also Cesar, J.; Sollner, M.; Synth. Commun. 2000, 30 (22), 4147-4158).
Depending on the nucleophilicity, to introduce a heterocyclic radical R4 the heterocycle can be reacted directly with an alkylsulfonyl compound (compound 4a) (such as, for example, pyrazole, triazole). In these cases, an auxiliary base is generally employed. An azole can be introduced, for example, by initially deprotonating this with a suitable base, such as, for example, an alkali metal alkoxide or hydroxide or sodium hydride, and then reacting it in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or dimethylformamide, with the alkylsulfonyl compound.
However, heterocyclic substituents can also be introduced during the construction of the pyrimidine ring. To this end, a corresponding heterocyclic amidine, which are known to the person skilled in the are or can be prepared from the corresponding heterocyclic nitrites, is reacted with a malonic ester to give the pyrimidine ring (see also WO 2003/070721).
What was stated above also applies to the preparation of compounds in which R5 is an alkyl group. An alkyl group (R5) can be introduced using organometallic compounds of the formula (R5)n-M where M is, for example, magnesium, zinc or lithium, for instance at the stage of the compound 4 or 4a. Here, the use of a transition metal catalyst is frequently advantageous. The use of palladium alkyl- and arylphosphine complexes may give particularly good results. If R5 is a cyano group or an alkoxy substituent, the radical R5 can be introduced by reaction with alkali metal cyanides and alkali metal alkoxides, respectively.
In the definitions of the symbols given for the compounds according to the invention or the precursors thereof, collective terms were used which are generally representative of the following substituents:
halogen: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine;
alkyl and the alkyl moieties of composite groups such as, for example, alkylamino: saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 2, 4, 6 or 8 carbon atoms, for example C1-C6-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1-methyl-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-di-methylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl;
haloalkyl: alkyl as mentioned above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above. In one embodiment, the alkyl groups are substituted at least once or completely by a particular halogen atom, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine. In a further embodiment, the alkyl groups are partially or fully halogenated by different halogen atoms; in the case of mixed halogen substitutions, the combination of chlorine and fluorine is preferred. Particular preference is given to (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, more preferably (C1-C2)-haloalkyl, such as chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl or 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-2-yl;
hydroxyalkyl: alkyl as mentioned above where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxyl (OH) groups;
alkenyl and also the alkenyl moieties in composite groups, such as alkenyloxy: unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 2 to 8 or 2 to 10 carbon atoms and one or two, preferably one, double bond in any position. According to the invention, it may be preferred to use small alkenyl groups, such as (C2-C4)-alkenyl, on the other hand, it may also be preferred to employ larger alkenyl groups, such as (C5-C8)-alkenyl. Examples of alkenyl groups are, for example, C2-C6-alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2-methyl—pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2-trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl and 1-ethyl-2-methyl-2-propenyl;
haloalkenyl: alkenyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
alkadienyl: unsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 4 to 6, 4 to 8 or 4 to 10 carbon atoms and two double bonds in any position;
alkynyl and the alkynyl moieties in composite groups: straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 2 to 8 or 2 to 10 carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds in any position, for example C2-C6-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl, 4-methyl-1-pentynyl, 4-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl and 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl;
haloalkynyl: alkynyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
cycloalkyl and also the cycloalkyl moieties in composite groups: mono- or bicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 6 or 3 to 8 carbon ring members, for example C3-C6-cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl;
halocycloalkyl: cycloalkyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
cycloalkenyl: monocyclic monounsaturated hydrocarbon groups having preferably 3 to 10, 3 to 8 or 4 to 6, in particular 5 to 6, carbon ring members, such as cyclopenten-1-yl, cyclopenten-3-yl, cyclohexen-1-yl, cyclohexen-3-yl, cyclohexen-4-yi and the like;
halocycloalkenyl: cycloalkenyl as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine;
alkoxy: an alkyl group as defined above which is attached via an oxygen, preferably having 1 to 8, more preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms. According to the invention it may be preferred to use small alkoxy groups, such as (C1-C4)-alkoxy, on the other hand, it may also be preferred to use larger alkoxy groups, such as (C5-C8)-alkoxy. Examples of preferred alkoxy groups are: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy or 1,1-dimethylethoxy, pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy;
haloalkoxy: alkoxy as defined above, where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as described above under haloalkyl, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine. According to the invention it may be preferred to use short-chain haloalkoxy groups, such as (C1-C4)-haloalkoxy, on the other hand, it may also be preferred to use relatively long-chain haloalkoxy groups, such as (C5-C8)haloalkoxy. Examples of preferred haloalkoxy radicals are OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCl3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, OC2F5, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 2,3-difluoropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 2-bromopropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2—C2F5, OCF2—C2F5, 1-(CH2F)-2-fluoroethoxy, 1-(CH2Cl)-2-chloroethoxy, 1-(CH2Br)-2-bromoethoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy or nonafluorobutoxy; and also 5-fluoropentoxy, 5-chloropentoxy, 5-bromopentoxy, 5-iodopentoxy, undecafluoropentoxy, 6-fluorohexoxy, 6-chlorohexoxy, 6-bromohexoxy, 6-iodohexoxy or dodecafluorohexoxy;
alkenyloxy: alkenyl as defined above which is attached via an oxygen atom. Preference is given to (C2-C8)-alkenyloxy, more preference to (C3-C6)-alkenyloxy. According to the invention, it may be preferred to use short-chain alkenyloxy radicals, such as (C2-C4)alkenyloxy, on the other hand, it may also be preferred to use relatively long-chain alkenyloxy groups, such as (C5-C8)-alkenyloxy;
alkylene: divalent unbranched chains of CH2 groups. Preference is given to (C1-C6)alkylene, more preference to (C2-C4)-alkylene; furthermore, it may be preferred to use (C1-C3)-alkylene groups. Examples of preferred alkylene radicals are CH2, CH2CH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2(CH2)2CH2, CH2(CH2)3CH2 and CH2(CH2)4CH2;
oxyalkylene: alkylene as defined above, preferably with 2 to 4 CH2 groups, where one valency is attached to the skeleton via an oxygen atom. Examples of preferred oxyalkylene radicals are OCH2, OCH2CH2, OCH2CH2CH2 and OCH2(CH2)2CH2;
oxyalkyleneoxy: alkylene as defined above, preferably with 1 to 3 CH2 groups, where both valencies are attached to the skeleton via an oxygen atom. Examples of preferred oxyalkyleneoxy radicals are OCH2O, OCH2CH2O and OCH2CH2CH2O;
alkylthio: alkyl as defined above which is attached via an S atom;
alkylsulfinyl: alkyl as defined above which is attached via an SO group;
alkylsulfonyl: alkyl as defined above which is attached via an S(O)2 group;
five- or six-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic mono- or bicyclic heterocycle which contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S: the heterocycle in question may be attached via a carbon atom or via a nitrogen atom, if present. According to the invention it may be preferred for the heterocycle in question to be attached via carbon; on the other hand, it may also be preferred for the heterocycle to be attached via nitrogen. The heterocycle is in particular:
The scope of the present invention embraces the (R) and (S) isomers or rotamers and the racemates of compounds according to the invention having chiral centers. The compounds according to the invention may be present in various crystal modifications which may differ in their biological activity. They are likewise provided by the present invention.
With a view to the intended use of the pyrimidines according to formula I, particular preference is given to the following meanings of the substituents, in each case on their own or in combination. If appropriate, the preferred substituents or preferred combinations of substituents apply correspondingly to the precursors of the compounds according to the invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, X is NR1R2. Here, it may be preferred if R2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment of the present invention, R2 is hydrogen and R1 is different from hydrogen. Furthermore, it may be preferred for at least one of the radicals R1 and R2 to be different from hydrogen. Preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 are different from hydrogen. From among these, preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R2 is (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)haloalkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy, especially methyl, ethyl or methoxy, in particular methyl or ethyl.
For preferred compounds of the formula I according to the invention, R1 is straight-chain or branched unsubstituted or substituted (C1-C8)-alkyl, (C1-C8)-haloalkyl, (C2-C8)alkenyl, (C2-C8)-alkynyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or naphthyl or an unsubstituted or substituted five- or six-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S. R1 is in particular (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C2-C6)-alkynyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, where these radicals may be substituted 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 times by halogen, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-haloalkyl. Furthermore preferably, R1 is (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl which may be substituted by (C1-C4)-alkyl, or (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl(C1-C4)-alkyl. Also preferably, R1 in the compounds of the formula I is selected from: methyl, ethyl, CH(CH3)CH2CH3, CH2CH(CH3)2, CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2, CH(CH3)C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)CF3, CH(CH3)CF3, CH(CH3)CCl3, CH2CF2CF3, CH2C(CH3)═CH2, CH2CH═CH2, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, benzyl; and R2 is preferably hydrogen or methyl.
Preference is also given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached are unsubstituted or substituted saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclyl as defined above. From among these, preference is given to those compounds in which R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an unsubstituted or substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocycle, in particular a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl or perhydro-(1,2)-oxazinyl ring, especially a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or perhydro-(1,2)-oxazinyl ring. Here, heterocyclyl is in particular unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents Ra, preferred substituents Ra on heterocyclyl being selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl and (C1-C4)-haloalkyl. Examples of preferred heterocyclyl rings are 2-methylpyrrolidinyl, 4-methylpiperidinyl, 4-trifluoromethylpiperidinyl, 3,4-dimethylpiperidinyl, 5-methylperhydro-(1,2)-oxazinyl and 6-methylperhydro-(1,2)oxazinyl.
In a further preferred embodiment, X is OR3. In yet a further preferred embodiment, X is SR3. Here, R3 is in each case preferably C1-C6-alkyl, in particular C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, in particular C1-C4-haloalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, in particular C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, in particular C2-C4-alkynyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl. With particular preference, R3 is C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl or C1-C6-haloalkyl branched in the α-position. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, R3 is ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl.
According to a further embodiment, X is C1-C8-alkyl which is optionally substituted by Ra.
According to a preferred embodiment, Y is (C2-C10)-alkenyl, preferably (C2-C6)-alkenyl. According to a further preferred embodiment, Y is (C2-C10)-alkynyl, preferably (C2-C6)alkynyl. Y may in each case carry one, two, three or four identical or different groups Ru, where the radicals Ru are as defined in the claims and are preferably each independently of the others selected from the group consisting of: halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy C1-C4-haloalkoxy and —Si(C1-C6-alkyl)3.
According to a preferred embodiment, Y is (C3-C10)-cycloalkenyl, preferably (C5-C7)cycloalkenyl, group which is unsubstituted or substituted by Ru, as defined above. The cycloalkenyl group has preferably one or two double bonds. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups as substituent Y are cyclopent-1-en-1-yl, cyclohex-1-en-1-yl, which, according to the invention, may be substituted by Ru, as defined above.
According to a further preferred embodiment, Y is an unsubstituted or substituted five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered partially unsaturated heterocycle which contains one, two or three heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S as ring members; here, Y is preferably an unsubstituted or substituted five- or six-membered partially unsaturated heterocycle which contains one, two or three nitrogen atoms and/or one oxygen or sulfur atom or one or two oxygen and/or sulfur atoms. In each case, the heterocyclyl ring may be attached via C or N to the pyrimidine skeleton. Furthermore preferably, the heterocycle contains one or two nitrogen atoms. Here, “partially unsaturated” means that the heterocycle does not form an aromatic system, where the heterocycle preferably contains one or two double bonds.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Y is a group (A)
where # is the point of attachment to the pyrimidine skeleton. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Z is CR7R8, where R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in the claims and are preferably independently of one another: hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-haloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C2-C8-haloalkynyl, C4-C10-alkadienyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, C4-C6-cycloalkenyl, C4-C6-halocycloalkenyl, C5-C10-bicycloalkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-haloalkoxy, C2-C8-alkenyloxy, C2-C8-haloalkenyloxy, C2-C8-alkynyloxy, C2-C8-haloalkynyloxy, C3-C8-cycloalkoxy, C3-C8-halocycloalkoxy, C3-C8-cycloalkenyloxy, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-alkylaminothiocarbonyl, di-C1-C8-alkylaminothiocarbonyl, —C(═O)-A, —C(═O)—O-A, —C(═O)—N(A′)A, C(A′)(=N—OA), N(A′)A, N(A′)-C(═O)-A, N(A″)—C(═O)—N(A′)A, S(═O)m-A, S(═O)m—O-A, S(═O)m—N(A′)A, —Si(C1-C6-alkyl)3, phenyl, naphthyl, a five- to ten-membered saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle which contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S;
R6, R7 and/or R8 may carry one, two, three or four identical or different groups Ra where m, A, A′, A″ and Ra have the meanings and preferred meanings as defined further above.
R7 and R8 are preferably independently of one another selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, such as, for example, fluorine, chlorine and bromine; C1-C6-alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl; C1-C6-haloalkyl, in particular trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluorethyl; C1-C6-alkoxy, in particular methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; or C1-C6-haloalkoxy, such as, for example, trichloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy and 1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy. It is preferred for one of the substituents to be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine, and C1-C6-alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; and for the other substituent to be selected from the group consisting of halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine; C1-C6-alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl; C1-C6-haloalkyl, in particular trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl; and C1-C6-alkoxy, in particular methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy. However, it may be preferred that neither R7 nor R8 is hydrogen.
R6 is preferably hydrogen, halogen, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C1-C6-alkylamino or di-(C1-C6-alkyl)amino. Preferably, R6 is halogen, such as, for example fluorine, chlorine and bromine; C1-C6-alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl; C1-C6-haloalkyl, in particular trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl; C1-C6-alkoxy, in particular methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; or C1-C6-haloalkoxy, such as, for example trichloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy and 1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy. It may be preferred for R6 to be different from hydrogen.
According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, Z is NR9. Here, R9 has the meanings as defined further above for R6, R7 and R8, where R6 and R9 may correspondingly form a cycle or a heterocycle and R6 and/or R9 or a cycle or heterocycle formed by R6 and R9 may be substituted correspondingly. Preferably, R9 is hydrogen, halogen, such as, for example, fluorine, chlorine and bromine; C1-C6-alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl; C1-C6-haloalkyl, in particular trichloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl; C1-C6-alkoxy, in particular methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy; or C1-C6-haloalkoxy, such as, for example trichloromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy and 1,1,1-trifluoroethoxy. R6 has the preferred meanings given above. It may be preferred for R6 and/or R9 to be different from hydrogen.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R4 is a five- or six-membered aromatic heterocycle which contains one, two, three or four heteroatoms from the group consisting of O, N and S, where R4 may be partially or fully halogenated and/or may carry one, two, three or four identical or different groups Rv. Preferably, R4 is not pyridin-2-yl. According to a preferred embodiment thereof, R4 is a five-membered aromatic heterocycle, according to a further embodiment of the invention, it is a six-membered aromatic heterocycle; however, R4 is preferably not pyridin-2-yl. Examples of preferred five-membered aromatic heterocycles are pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl (in particular pyrazol-1-yl), imidazolyl, [1,2,3]-triazolyl (in particular [1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl), [1,2,4]-triazolyl (in particular[1,2,4]-triazol-1-yl), tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, [1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl, furyl, thienyl, thiazolyl and isothiazolyl, particularly preferably pyrazolyl, [1,2,3]-triazolyl and [1,2,4]triazolyl. Examples of preferred six-membered aromatic heterocycles are pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, [1,2,3]-triazinyl and [1,2,4]-triazinyl, preferably pyrimidinyl and pyridazinyl.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R4 is an unsubstituted or substituted five- or six-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle. Furthermore preferably, R4 in the compounds of the formula I is 1-pyridin-(1,2-dihydro)-2-onyl, 1-pyrrolidone, imidazolidinone, isoxazolidinone or oxazolidinone, in particular 2-pyrrolidon-1-yl, imidazolidinon-1-yl, isoxazolidin-3-on-2-yl or oxazolidin-2-on-3-yl.
The heterocycle defined above may in each case be unsubstituted or substituted by one, two or three substituents Rv and, unless indicated otherwise, may in each case be attached via C or N to the pyrimidine skeleton. Both in combination with the broader definition of Rv given further above and in combination with the narrower definition of Rv below, this gives pyrimidines which are preferred according to the invention: halogen, cyano, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C(═O)-A, C(═O)—O-A, C(═O)—N(A′)A, C(A′)(=N—OA), N(A′)A, N(A′)-C(═O)-A, in particular halogen, cyano, C1-C8-alkyl or C1-C8-haloalkyl.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, R4 is
cyano, C(═W)ORc, C(═W)NRzRd, C(═W)NRc—NRzRd, C(═W)Rc, CRcRd—ORz, CRcRd—NRzRf, ON(═CRcRd), O—C(═W)Rc,
NRcRd, NRc(C(═W)Rd), NRc(C(═W)ORd), NRc(C(═W)—NRzRd),
NRc(N═CRfRd), NRcNRzRd, NRz—ORc, where the substituents are preferably as defined below:
Here, it may be preferred if the substituent Rd in NRcRd is not hydrogen.
According to a further preferred embodiment, R4 is cyano, C(═W)ORc, C(═W)NRzRd, C(═W)NRc—NRzRd, C(═W)Rc, CRcRd—ORz, CRcRd—NRzRf, where the substituents have the meanings and preferred meanings as defined further above. In a preferred embodiment, R4 is C(═O)NRzRd, C(═NOR9)NRzRd, C(═NORg)Rc, C(═N—NRzRd)Rc or CRcRd—NRzRf. Preference is furthermore given to C(═W)ORc, C(═W)NRzRd or C(═W)Rc, where W=O or NORg, Rc, Rd, Rg, Rz independently of one another are hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl and Rz may additionally be C(═O)—Rg or C(═O)—ORg. Specific examples of such preferred radicals R4 are C(═O)NH2 or C(═N—OCH3)NH2.
Preference is furthermore given to compounds acording to the invention in which R4 is C(═NH)NRzRd and Rz is a substituent C(═O)Rg or C(═O)—OR9.
In a further preferred embodiment, R4 is NRcC(═W)Rd), NRcC(═W)ORd), NRcC(═W)—NRzRd) or NRz—ORc, where the substituents have the meanings and preferred meanings as defined further above.
In preferred pyrimidines I according to the invention, R5 is halogen, cyano, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-haloalkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C2-C6-haloalkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C3-C4-alkynyloxy, C1-C8-alkylthio, C1-C6-alkylamino, di-(C1-C6-alkyl)amine, where the aliphatic and alicyclic groups of the radical definitions of R5 for their part may contain one, two, three or four substituents independently of one another selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C1-C2-alkoxy and C1-C2-alkoxycarbonyl.
In further preferred compounds according to the invention, R5 is halogen, cyano, C1-C4-alkoxy or C1-C4-haloalkoxy, in particular halogen. Specific examples of such suitable radicals R5 are chlorine, cyano, methoxy and trifluoromethoxy. In a further preferred embodiment, R5 is C1-C4-alkyl or C1-C4-haloalkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl.
The following substructure are preferred embodiments of the compounds of the formula I, where the substituents present therein each have the meanings and preferred meanings as described for formula I.
In accordance with the present invention, particularly preferred compounds are the compounds I compiled in the tables below. The groups mentioned in the tables for a substituent are furthermore per se, independently of the combination in which they are mentioned, a particularly preferred embodiment of the substituent in question.
Compounds of the formulae I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12, I.13, I.14, I.15, I.16, I.17, I.18, I.19, I.20, I.21, I.22, I.23 and I.24 in which R5 is chlorine, R6, R7, R8 are each chlorine, X is NR1R2 and R1 and R2 for a particular compound correspond in each case to one row of Table A
Compounds of the formulae I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12, I.13, I.14, I.15, I.16, I.17, I.18, I.19, I.20, I.21, I.22, I.23 and I.24 in which R5 is chlorine, R6 is chlorine, R7 is methoxy, R8 is methyl, X is NR1R2 and R1 and R2 for a particular compound correspond in each case to one row of Table A
Compounds of the formulae I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12, I.13, I.14, I.15, I.16, I.17, I.18, I.19, I.20, I.21, I.22, I.23 and I.24 in which R5 is chlorine, R6 is chlorine, R7 is methoxy, R8 is methoxy, X is NR1R2 and R1 and R2 for a particular compound correspond in each case to one row of Table A
Compounds of the formulae I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5, I.6, I.7, I.8, I.9, I.10, I.11, I.12, I.13, I.14, I.15, I.16, I.17, I.18, I.19, I.20, I.21, I.22, I.23 and I.24 in which R5 is chlorine, R6 is bromine, R7 is chlorine, R8 is chlorine, X is NR1R2 and R1 and R2 for a particular compound correspond in each case to one row of Table A
The compounds of the formula I or I′ and I″ and/or their agriculturally acceptable salts are suitable as active compounds, in particular as fungicides. They are distinguished by excellent activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, in particular from the class of the Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes). Some of them are systemically active and can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, as fungicides for seed dressing and as soil fungicides.
They are particularly important in the control of a multitude of fungi on various cultivated plants, such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, grass, bananas, coton, soybeans, coffee, sugar cane, vines, fruits and ornamental plants, and vegetables, such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits, and on the seeds of these plants.
They are especially suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
Esca on grapevines, caused by Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporium, Ph. Aleophilum and Formitipora punctata (syn. Phellinus punctatus);
Phytophthora species on various plants, such as, for example, P. capsici on bell pepper;
Sphacelotheca reilinia on corn;
The compounds I are furthermore suitable for controlling harmful fungi in the protection of materials (for example wood, paper, paint dispersions, fibers or fabrics) and in the protection of stored products. In the protection of wood, particular attention is paid to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp.; Basidiomycetes, such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes, such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes, such as Mucor spp., additionally in the protection of materials the following yeasts: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
In addition, the compounds according to the invention can also be used in crops which, owing to breeding including genetical engineering, are tolerant to attack by insects or fungi.
The present invention furthermore provides the use of the compounds according to the invention and/or their agriculturally acceptable salts for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. The present invention also provides the use of the compounds according to the invention and/or their agriculturally acceptable salts for controlling animal pests.
The compounds according to the invention and/or their agriculturally acceptable salts are employed by treating the fungi or the plants, seeds, materials or soil to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidally effective amount of these compounds. The application can be carried out both before and after the infection of the materials, plants or seeds by the fungi.
Accordingly, the present invention furthermore provides a method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi wherein the fungi and/or the materials, plants, solid and/or seeds to be protected against fungal attack are treated with an effective amount of at least one pyrimidine according to the invention and/or an agriculturally acceptable salts thereof. The present invention furthermore provides a method for controlling animal pests in agriculture wherein the pests and/or the materials, plants, solid and/or seeds to be protected against them are treated with an effective amount of at least one pyrimidine according to the invention and/or an agriculturally acceptable salts thereof.
The fungicidal compositions generally comprise between 0.1 and 95%, preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active compound.
When employed in plant protection, the amounts applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, between 0.01 and 2.0 kg of active compound per ha.
In the treatment of seed, the amounts of active compound employed are generally from 1 to 1000 g/100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 to 200 g/100 kg, in particular from 5 to 100 g/100 kg. Seed can be treated by methods known to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting.
Accordingly, the present invention furthermore provides seed comprising a compound according to the invention in an amount of from 1 to 1000 g per 100 kg. When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of active compound applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are, for example, 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active compound per cubic meter of treated material.
The present invention furthermore provides a composition, in particular a fungicidal composition, which comprises at least one compound according to the invention and/or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof and at least one solid or liquid carrier. The composition may furthermore comprise at least one further fungicidally, insecticidally and/or herbicidally active compound, as illustrated in more detail below.
The compounds according to the invention and/or their agriculturally acceptable salts can be converted into the customary formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules. The use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compound according to the invention.
The formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by extending the active compound with solvents and/or carriers, if desired using emulsifiers and dispersants. Solvents/auxiliaries which are suitable are essentially:
Suitable surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, strongly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
Granules, for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
Formulations for seed treatment may further comprise binders and/or gelants and if appropriate dyes.
Binders can be added to increase the adhesion of the active compounds to the seed after the treatment. Suitable binders are for example EO/PO block copolymer surfactants, but also polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutenes, polyisobutylenes, polystyrenes, polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides, polyethyleneimines (Lupasol®, Polymin®), polyethers, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, Tylose and copolymers of these polymers. A suitable gelant is for example carrageen (Satiagel®).
In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compound. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
The concentrations of active compound in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are between 0.0001 and 10%, preferably between 0.01 and 1%.
The active compounds can also be used with great success in the ultra-low-volume (ULV) process, it being possible to apply formulations with more than 95% by weight of active compound or even the active compound without additives. For the treatment of seed, the formulations in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active compound concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations.
The following are examples of formulations according to the invention: 1. Products for dilution with water
10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved with 90 parts by weight of water or with a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetters or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound dissolves upon dilution with water. This gives a formulation having an active compound content of 10% by weight.
20 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active cornpound content is 20% by weight
15 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 15% by weight.
25 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is added to 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The formulation has an active compound content of 25% by weight.
In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active compound suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active compound. The active compound content in the formulation is 20% by weight.
50 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetters and made into water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The formulation has an active compound content of 50% by weight.
75 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground in a rotorstator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetters and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound. The active compound content of the formulation is 75% by weight.
H Dustable powders (DP, DS)
5 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable product with an active compound content of 5% by weight.
I Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
0.5 part by weight of a compound according to the invention is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spraydrying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules with an active compound content of 0.5% by weight to be applied undiluted.
J ULV solutions (UL)
10 parts by weight of a compound according to the invention are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, for example xylene. This gives a product with an active compound content of 10% by weight to be applied undiluted.
Seed treatment typically utilizes water-soluble concentrates (LS), suspensions (FS), dusts (DS), water-dispersible and water-soluble powders (WS, SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gel formulations (GF). These formulations can be applied neat or preferably diluted to the seed. The application can take place prior to sowing.
Preference is given to using FS formulations for seed treatment. Such formulations typically comprise from 1 to 800 g/l of active compound, from 1 to 200 g/l of surfactants, from 0 to 200 g/l of antifreeze, from 0 to 400 g/l of binder, from 0 to 200 g/l of dyes and solvent, preferably water.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring. The use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; the intention is to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
The active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1%.
The active compounds may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), by which it is possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, fungicides, other pesticides, or bactericides may be added to the active compounds, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the agents according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.
Suitable adjuvants in this sense are in particular: organically modified polysiloxanes, for example Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates, for example Atplus 245®, Atplus MBA 1303®, Plurafac LF 300® and Lutensol ON 30®; EO/PO block polymers, for example Pluronic RPE 2035® and Genapol B®; alcohol ethoxylates, for example Lutensol XP 80®; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate, for example Leophen RA®.
The compositions according to the invention can, in the application form as fungicides, also be present together with other active compounds, for example with herbicides, pesticides (such as insecticides and acaricides), growth regulators, fungicides or also with fertilizers. When mixing the compounds according to the invention or the compositions comprising them with one or more further active compounds, in particular fungicides, it is in many cases possible to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent the development of resistance. In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
The invention furthermore provides a combination of at least one pyrimidine I according to the invention and/or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof and at least one further fungicidally, insecticidally, herbicidally and/or growth-regulating active compound.
The invention also provides a pesticidal composition comprising at least one pyrimidine I, in particular a pyrimidine of the formula I described in the above description as being preferred, and/or ein agriculturally acceptable salt thereof and at least one solid or liquid carrier. Such a pesticidal composition may comprise at least one further fungicidally, insecticidally and/or herbicidally active compound.
The following list of fungicides, together with which the compounds according to the invention may be used, is meant to illustrate the combination possibilities, but not to limit them:
With appropriate modification of the starting materials, the procedures given in the synthesis examples below were used to obtain further compounds according to the invention:
With stirring at 0-5° C., a mixture of 9.0 g (106 mmol) of 2-methylpyrrolidone and 15.2 g (150 mmol) of triethylamine was added dropwise to 19.5 g (100 mmol) of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine in 100 ml of methylene chloride, and the mixture was stirred for 1 d at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between water and methyl tert-butyl ether, and the organic phase was washed twice with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Yield 24.0 g.
8.89 g (108.3 mmol) of sodium acetate were added to 24.0 g (98.5 mmol) of 4-chloro-2-methylthio-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine in 100 ml of acetic acid. With stirring at 18-25° C., 16.05 g (100.4 mmol) of bromine were added dropwise to the clear solution. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 20 h, and another 3 drops of bromine were then added to bring the reaction to completion. The reaction mixture was poured into 1 l of ice-water, the mixture was stirred for 1 h and the precipitate was filtered off with suction, washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. Yield 29.0 g.
With stirring at 0-5° C., 44.3 g (179.8 mmol) of 70% strength 3-chloroperbenzoic acid were added to 29.0 g (89.9 mmol) of 5-bromo-4-chloro-2-methylthio-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine in 270 ml of methylene chloride, and the mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 7 h and then at room temperature for 2 d. Excess peroxide was destroyed using sodium thiosulfate and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, suspended in 250 ml of ethyl acetate, washed four times with in each case 50 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Yield 31.7 g.
At room temperature and with stirring, 8.73 g (134.1 mmol) of potassium cyanide and 228 mg (0.86 mmol) of crown ether (18-crown-6) were added to 31.7 g (89.4 mmol) of 5-bromo-4-chloro-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-methylsulfonylpyrimidine in 180 ml of acetonitrile, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 d. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in 250 ml of ethyl acetate, washed three times with in each case 100 ml of water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. Yield 17.6 g.
59.1 g (583 mmol) of triethylamine and 222 mg (1.17 mmol) of copper(1) iodide were added to 17.6 g (58.4 mmol) of 5-bromo-4-chloro-2-cyano-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine in 150 ml of acetonitril, and the mixture was warmed to 63° C. With stirring, 674 mg (0.58 mmol) of tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0) and 11.5 g (116.7 mmol) of trimethylsilylacetylene were then added, and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 7 h. After addition of a further 500 mg of tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0), the mixture was stirred for another 16 h at the same temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by chromatography on 330 g of silica gel using cyclohexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. Yield 11.0 g. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ=0.27 (s); 1.30 (d); 1.65-2.15 (m); 3.85-4.50 (br. m).
With stirring at −12 to −5° C., 241 mg (1.51 mmol) of bromine were added dropwise to 400 mg (1.25 mmol) of 4-chloro-2-cyano-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-5-trimethylsilylethynylpyrimidine in 4 ml of tetrachloromethane, and the mixture was stirred at −5° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. Yield 610 mg, m.p. 166-168° C.
With stirring at room temperature, 455 mg (7.83 mmol) of potassium fluoride and 907 mg (6.79 mmol) of N-chlorosuccinimide were added to 2.50 g (5.22 mmol) of 4-chloro-2-cyano-5-((E)-1,2-dibromo-2-trimethylsilylvinyl)-6-(2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine in 20 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, and the mixture was then stirred at 80° C. for 64 h. To bring the reaction to completion, another 400 mg of N-chlorosuccinimide were then added and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 10 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. Yield 1.15 g. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ=1.25 (2 d, since the axially chiral substance is present as a diastereomer mixture); 1.70 (m); 1.90-2.20 (m); 3.40-3.80 (m); 4.60 (m).
123 mg (0.11 mmol) of 5% strength sodium methoxide solution in methanol were added to 500 mg (1.13 mmol) of 4-chloro-2-cyano-5-((E)-2-chlor-1,2-dibromovinyl)-6-(2-methylopyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine in 5 ml of methanol, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Another 100 mg of 5% strength sodium methoxide solution in methanol were then added, and the mixture was stirred for a further 6 h. 114 mg (1.36 mmol) of O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride were then added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 d, concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between 15 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether and 12 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with 20 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether and the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel using cyclohexane/methyl tert-butyl ether. Yield 420 mg. 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ=1.25 (2 d, since the axially chiral substance is present as a diastereomer mixture); 1.70 (m); 1.90-2.20 (m); 3.40-3.80 (m); 4.05 (s); 4.60 (m); 5.33 (br.).
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ = 1.25(2 ddiastereomer mixture);1.70(m);1.90-2.20(m);3.40-3.80(m);4.05(s); 4.60(m); 5.33(br.)
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ = 1.25(2 d,diastereomer mixture);1.70(m);1.90-2.20(m);3.40-3.80(m); 4.60(m)
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ = 0.27(s);1.30(d); 1.65-2.15(m);3.85-4.50(br. m)
The active compounds, separately or together, were prepared as a stock solution with 25 mg of active compound which was made up to 10 ml with a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Uniperol® EL (wetting agent having emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a volume ratio solvent/emulsifier of 99 to 1. The solution was then made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution was diluted to the active compound concentration stated below using the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described.
Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” were inoculated with a spore suspension of brown rust (Puccinia recondita). The pots were then placed into a chamber with high atmospheric humidity (90-95%) at 20-22° C. for 24 hours. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The next day, the infected plants were sprayed to runoff point with the active compound solution described above having the concentration of active compound stated below. After the spray coating had dried on, the test plants were cultivated in a greenhouse at temperatures between 20 and 22° C. and at 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for 7 days. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined.
The plants which had been treated with an application rate of 250 ppm of the compound No. C-3 showed an infection of 0%, whereas the untreated control plants were 90% infected.
Leaves of potted wheat seedlings of the cultivar “Kanzler” were sprayed to runoff point with an aqueous suspension having the active compound concentration stated below. The next day, the treated plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of brown rust of wheat (Puccinia recondita). The plants were then placed in a chamber with high atmospheric humidity (90 to 95%) at 20 to 22° C. for 24 h. During this time, the spores germinated and the germ tubes penetrated into the leaf tissue. The next day, the test plants were returned to the greenhouse and cultivated at temperatures between 20 and 22° C. and 65 to 70% relative atmospheric humidity for a further 7 days. Tage kultiviert. The extent of the rust fungus development on the leaves was then determined visually.
The plants which had been treated with an application rate of 250 ppm of the compound No. C-3 showed an infection of 7%, whereas the untreated control plants were 90% infected.
For the micro test experiments below, the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a concentration of 10000 ppm in DMSO.
The stock solution is pipetted onto a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration using a malt-based aqueous nutrient medium for fungi. An aqueous spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds.
At 125 ppm of the compound No. C-1 or C-4, a relative pathogen growth of 0% was observed.
The stock solution is pipetted onto a microtiter plate (MTP) and diluted to the stated active compound concentration using a pea juice-based aqueous nutrient medium for fungi. An aqueous zoospore suspension of Phytophthora infestans was then added. The plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at temperatures of 18° C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm on day 7 after the inoculation.
The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant and the fungus- and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the individual active compounds.
At 125 ppm of the compound No. C-2, a relative pathogen growth of 10% was observed.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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06003084.8 | Feb 2006 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2007/051142 | 2/7/2007 | WO | 00 | 8/13/2008 |