Patent Application
20050085516
The present invention relates to 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acid compounds, to their use as herbicides and to their use for the dessication and/or defoliation of plants.
The development of novel herbicides is of particular interest with respect to avoiding the formation of resistance. Many known herbicides furthermore require high application rates, which are uneconomical and ecologically questionable.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel herbicidally active compounds which allow better targeted control of undesirable plants than the known compounds.
We have found that this object is achieved by derivatives of 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acids which are derivatized on both amino groups by aromatic or heteroaromatic carboxylic and/or sulfonic acids.
N-Acylated 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acid compounds have been described by various documents of the prior art. The Japanese patent application J6 3060959 (Chem. Abstr. 109, (1998) 134966) describes N3-benzoyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid and its antibacterial action. There have been various reports of oligopeptides comprising the amino acid building block 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, and of their antimicrobial and fungicidal action (see, for example, J. Shoji et al., J. Antibiot. 42, (1989), 869; R. Andruszkiewicz et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 828, (1985), 247; S. Fushiya et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 3071 (1980), R. Andruszkiewicz et al., J. Med. Chem. 30, (1987), 1715 and 33, (1990), 132, 2755).
P. Karrer et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 9, (1926) 314 describe the methyl and ethyl esters of doubly N-benzoylated derivatives of 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, of 2,4-diaminobutteric acid, or ornithine and of lysine in the context of the elucidation of the configuration of d-glutamic acid, of ornithine and of d-lysine.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to the use of 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acid compounds of the formula I
where
The invention relates furthermore to the compounds of the formula I, except for compounds of the formula I in which Ar and Arω are simultaneously unsubstituted phenyl, X and X1 are C═O and Y is a group O—R1 in which R1 is H, CH3 or C2H5, and to compositions comprising these compounds I. The invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing the compounds I.
Owing to the asymmetrically substituted α-carbon, the compounds of the formula I are present either as racemates, enantiomer mixtures or as pure enantiomers and, if they have chiral substituents on Arω, Ar2 or Y, they can also be present as diastereomer mixtures. Preference is given to those compounds of the formula I in which the α-carbon has the S configuration. Hereinbelow, these compounds are also referred to as S-enantiomers.
Suitable agriculturally useful salts are in particular the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations or anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the herbicidal action of the compounds I. Thus, suitable cations are, in particular, the ions of the alkali metals, preferably sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and barium, and of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, and the ammonium ion, which, if desired, may carry one to four C1-C4-alkyl substituents and/or one phenyl or benzyl substituent, preferably diisopropylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethylbenzylammonium, furthermore phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfonium and sulfoxonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfoxonium.
Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, phosphate, nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the anions of C1-C4-alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reaction of I with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
The organic moieties mentioned in the definition of the substituents on Ar2 and Arω or as radicals on cycloalkyl, phenyl or hetaryl rings are—like the term halogen-collective terms for individual enumerations of the individual group members. All carbon chains, i.e. all alkyl, haloalkyl, phenylalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfonyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkenylthio, alkenylsulfinyl, alkenylsulfonyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl moieties may be straight-chain or branched. Halogenated substituents preferably carry one to five identical or different halogen atoms. The term halogen denotes in each case fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
Examples of other meanings are:
Examples of mono- and bicyclic hetaryl having 5 to 10 ring members are monocycles such as furyl, for example 2-furyl and 3-furyl, thienyl, such as 2-thienyl and 3-thienyl, pyrrolyl, such as 2-pyrrolyl and 3-pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl, such as 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl and 5-isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, such as 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl and 5-isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, such as 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl and 5-pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, such as 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl and 5-oxazolyl, thiazolyl, such as 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl and 5-thiazolyl, imidazolyl, such as 2-imidazolyl and 4-imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, such as 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, thiadiazolyl, such as 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl and 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, triazolyl, such as 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl and 1,2,4-triazol-4-yl, pyridinyl, such as 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl and 4-pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, such as 3-pyridazinyl and 4-pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, such as 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl and 5-pyrimidinyl, furthermore 2-pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl and 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, and, as bicycles, the benzo-fused derivatives of the above-mentioned monocycles, such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, in particular pyridyl, pyrimidyl, furanyl and thienyl.
With respect to the herbicidal action of the compounds according to the invention, the variables have, independently of one another, preferably in combination with one another, the following meanings:
Ar2 and Arω are in particular, independently of one another, phenyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidyl, 2-, 3-, 5- or 8-quinolinyl or 1- or 2-naphthyl, in particular phenyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 3-pyridyl or 8-quinolinyl, which is substituted in the manner described above and may preferably have 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkyl, allyl, methallyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, allyloxy, methallyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, propargyloxy, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, methylenedioxy, difluoromethylenedioxy, difluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy, mercapto, nitro, cyano, —COOCH3, —COOC2H5, —COOC3H7, amino and dimethylamino. The substituents are selected in particular from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy, C1-C6-alkyl and C1-C4-alkoxy.
Examples of particularly preferred groups Arω are phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-chloro-3-pyridyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 2,6-difluoromethylphenyl, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-furanyl, 2-thienyl, 2-fluorothiophen-3-yl and 3-fluorothiophen-2-yl.
Examples of particularly preferred groups Ar2 are phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-iodophenyl, 2-chloro-3-pyridyl, 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-acetoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 2-aminophenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 2,6-difluoromethylphenyl, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,3- and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,4-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6- and 2,3,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-amino-4-chlorophenyl, 2-amino-5-chlorophenyl, 2-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl, 2-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-furanyl, 2-thienyl, 2,5-dichlorothiophen-3-yl, 2-fluorothiophen-3-yl, 3-fluorothiophen-2-yl, 1-naphthyl, 8-quinolinyl. Also preferred are 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-(n-butyl)phenyl, 4-(n-hexyl)phenyl and 4-(n-heptyl)phenyl.
R1 is in particular:
R2 is in particular:
R3 is in particular hydrogen, methyl or ethyl or, together with R2, forms an azetidine, pyrrolidine, pyrroline, piperidine, morpholine or N4-methyl- or N4-ethylpiperazine radical.
To prepare the 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acid compounds of the formula I according to the invention, in general, a compound of the formula II,
in which Arω, X, n and Y are as defined above and X⊖ is a monovalent anion or an anion equivalent, for example Cl⊖, Br⊖ or ½ SO42⊖ of a mineral acid, for example Cl⊖, Br⊖ or ½ SO42⊖, is reacted with an aromatic acyl halide of the formula III
Ar2-X1-Hal (III)
in which Ar2 and X1 are as defined above and Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine. The compounds II in which Y≠OH and Arω is different from unsubstituted phenyl are novel and also form part of the subject matter of the present invention. The aromatic acyl halides III are known, and some of them are commercially available, or they can be prepared by known processes.
The reaction of the compound II with the compound III is preferably carried out in the presence of a base. The base serves to neutralize the mineral acid H-Hal and H—X formed during the reaction. Suitable bases are all inorganic or organic bases which are customarily used for acylations, for example alkali metal hydroxides, such as NaOH or KOH, alkali metal carbonates, such as Na2CO3 or K2CO3, alkali metal bicarbonates, such as NaHCO3, tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN) or diazabicycloundecene (DBU). The base is preferably employed in at least equimolar quantity, in particular in a quantity of from 1 to 3 mol per mole of acid H-Hal and H—X to be neutralized.
The reaction of the compound II with the compound III is preferably carried out in a solvent or diluent. Suitable solvents/diluents are water, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane or toluene.
The reaction temperatures can be varied within a certain range, which is defined by the stability of the acyl chloride III. The reaction is preferably carried out at temperatures in the range from 0 to 30° C.
Work-up is carried out by customary methods, for example by admixing the reaction mixture with cold water, separating off the organic phase and, after drying, concentrating it under reduced pressure. The residue that remains can, if required, be freed of any impurities that may be present in a customary manner by chromatography or crystallization.
The compounds of the formula II can be prepared by initially reacting, in a first step, a partially protected 2,ω-diaminocarboxylic acid of the formula IV or its acid addition salt
in which n is as defined above and Sg is a protective group with an acyl halide of the formula V
Arω-X-Hal (V)
in which Arω and X are as defined above and Hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine, reacting, in a second step, the resulting compound of the formula VI
with an alcohol of the formula R1—OH or an amine of the formula R2R3NH in the presence of a suitable condensing agent and finally removing the protective group Sg.
Suitable protective groups are those which can be removed under conditions which do not result in a cleavage of the NH—X bond in the compounds of the formula VI. Suitable protective groups are known from peptide chemistry. They include, in particular, protective groups which are removed by action of acids which preferably have an acidity above that of acetic acid, for example the tert-butoxycarbonyl group, the 1-adamantyloxycarbonyl group and the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl group.
The reaction of the compound VI with an alcohol HOR1 is carried out using the customary methods for esterifying carboxylic acids in the presence of esterification catalysts and/or customary dehydrating agents as condensing agents or by reaction in the presence of esterification catalysts with removal of the water of reaction formed during the reaction. The esterification catalyst used is preferably a hydrogen chloride donor, such as trimethylchlorosilane or thionyl chloride. If the protective group is chosen appropriately, both the esterification and the removal of the protective group on the α-amino group take place simultaneously. Such reactions are described in the prior art, for example by E. J. Corey et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 33 (1992), 6807; Bang-Chi Chen et al., J. Org. Chem. 64 (1999), 9294; Z.-Y. Chang et al., J. Org. Chem. 55 (1990), 3475, which are included herein by way of reference.
Suitable condensing agents for the reaction of compound VI with the amine HNR2R3 are all reagents which can activate free carboxyl groups, such as: propanephosphonic anhydride (PPPA, H. Wissmann et al., Angew. Chem. 92 (1980), 129; H. Wissmann, Phosphorus, Sulfur 30 (1986), 645; M. Feigel, J. Am. Chem. Soc 108 (1986), 181), N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ, B. Belleau et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90 (1968), 1651), diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA, Shun-ichi-Yamada et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94 (1972), 6203) and diethylphosphoryl cyanide (DEPC, Shun-ichi-Yamada et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 18 (1973), 1595), carbodiimides (Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Vol. 15/2, pages 103-115, 4th Edition, G. Thieme Verlag), to mention but a few condensing agents by way of example. The reaction conditions described in the references can be applied to the reaction according to the invention of the compound VI with the amine HNR2R3, and these publications are likewise included herein by way of reference.
The removal of the protective group Sg, for example of the tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC) group from the resulting compounds VII
in which Arω, X, n, R1, R2 and Sg are as defined above is generally carried out using an acid, preferably with the aid of trifluoroacetic acid, for example by the methods described by B. Lundt et al., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 12 (1978), 258), or, for example, using 2N hydrogen chloride in dioxane, according to the methods described by R. Andruszkievicz et al., J. Med. Chem. 30 (1987), 1715) and gives, in good yields, the above-mentioned intermediates of the formula (II) according to the invention.
The carboxylic and sulfonic halides Arω-X-Hal and Ar2-X1-Hal used as starting materials in these reactions are known or can be prepared by known methods.
The 2-N-protected 2,ω-diamino acids IV are likewise known, commercially available or they can be prepared by known methods, for example according to: Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Vol. 15/1, G. Thieme Verlag, (compounds IV, n=3 and 4); N. Kucharczyk et al., Synth. Commun. 19 (1989), 1603; M. Waki et al., Synthesis, 266 (1981) and Lin-Hua Zhang et al., J. Org. Chem. 62 (1997), 6918 (compounds VI, n=1 and 2).
The compounds of the formula I and their agriculturally useful salts are suitable, both in the form of racemates, enantiomer mixtures and in the form of the pure enantiomers, as herbicides. The herbicidal compositions comprising the compounds I control vegetation on non-crop areas very efficiently, especially at high rates of application. They act against broad-leaved weeds and harmful grasses in crops such as wheat, rice, maize, soya and cotton without causing any significant damage to the crop plants. This effect is mainly observed at low rates of application.
Depending on the application method used, the compounds I or the compositions comprising them can additionally be employed in a further number of crop plants for eliminating undesirable plants. Examples of suitable crops are the following:
Allium cepa, Ananas comosus, Arachis hypogaea, Asparagus officinalis, Beta vulgaris spec. altissima, Beta vulgaris spec. rapa, Brassica napus var. napus, Brassica napus var. napobrassica, Brassica rapa var. silvestris, Camellia sinensis, Carthamus tinctorius, Carya illinoinensis, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Coffea arabica (Coffea canephora, Coffea liberica), Cucumis sativus, Cynodon dactylon, Daucus carota, Elaeis guineensis, Fragaria vesca, Glycine max, Gossypium hirsutum (Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium), Helianthus annuus, Hevea brasiliensis, Hordeum vulgare, Humulus lupulus, Ipomoea batatas, Juglans regia, Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus spec., Manihot esculenta, Medicago sativa, Musa spec., Nicotiana tabacum (N. rustica), Olea europaea, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Picea abies, Pinus spec., Pisum sativum, Prunus avium, Prunus persica, Pyrus communis, Ribes sylvestre, Ricinus communis, Saccharum officinarum, Secale cereale, Solanum tuberosum, Sorghum bicolor (S. vulgare), Theobroma cacao, Trifolium pratense, Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum, Vicia faba, Vitis vinifera and Zea mays.
In addition, the compounds I may also be used in crops which tolerate the action of herbicides owing to breeding, including genetic engineering methods.
The compounds I, or the compositions comprising them, can be used for example in the form of ready-to-spray aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, also highly-concentrated aqueous, oily or other suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, materials for broadcasting or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting, watering or by treating the seed or mixing with the seed. The use forms depend on the intended aims; in any case, they should ensure the finest possible distribution of the active compounds according to the invention. The herbicidal compositions comprise a herbicidally effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I or an agriculturally useful salt of I and auxiliaries customarily used for formulating crop protection agents.
Essentially, suitable inert auxiliaries include: mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene and diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the compounds I, either as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is possible to prepare concentrates consisting of active substance, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if desired, solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.
Suitable surfactants are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g. ligno-, phenol-, naphthalene- and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkyl- and alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates, and salts of sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, and also of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and its derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene, or of the naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctyl-, octyl- or nonylphenol, alkylphenyl or tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste liquors or methylcellulose.
Powders, materials for broadcasting and dusts can be prepared by mixing or grinding the active substances together with a solid carrier.
Granules, e.g. coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers. Solid carriers are mineral earths, such as silicas, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders, or other solid carriers.
The concentrations of the active compounds I in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within wide ranges. In general, the formulations comprise from about 0.001 to 98% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 95% by weight, of at least one active compound. The active compounds are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to the NMR spectrum).
The compounds according to the invention can be formulated, for example, as follows:
I 20 parts by weight of the compound of Example 71 (see Table 6) are dissolved in a mixture consisting of 80 parts by weight of alkylated benzene, 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 8 to 10 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of oleic acid N-monoethanolamide, 5 parts by weight of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 5 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of castor oil. Pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and finely distributing it therein gives an aqueous dispersion which comprises 0.02% by weight of the active compound.
II 20 parts by weight of the compound of Example 71 are dissolved in a mixture consisting of 40 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 30 parts by weight of isobutanol, 20 parts by weight of the adduct of 7 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of isooctylphenol and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of castor oil. Pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and finely distributing it therein gives an aqueous dispersion which comprises 0.02% by weight of the active compound.
III 20 parts by weight of the active compound of Example 71 are dissolved in a mixture consisting of 25 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 65 parts by weight of a mineral oil fraction of boiling point 210 to 280° C. and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 mol of ethylene oxide to 1 mol of castor oil. Pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and finely distributing it therein gives an aqueous dispersion which comprises 0.02% by weight of the active compound.
IV 20 parts by weight of the active compound of Example 71 are mixed thoroughly with 3 parts by weight of sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate, 17 parts by weight of the sodium salt of lignosulfonic acid from a sulfite waste liquor and 60 parts by weight of pulverulent silica gel, and the mixture is ground in a hammer mill. Finely distributing the mixture in 20,000 parts by weight of water gives a spray mixture which comprises 0.1% by weight of the active compound.
V 3 parts by weight of the active compound of Example 71 are mixed with 97 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dust which comprises 3% by weight of the active compound.
VI 20 parts by weight of the active compound of Example 71 are mixed intimately with 2 parts by weight of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 8 parts by weight of fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, 2 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a phenol/urea/formaldehyde condensate and 68 parts by weight of a paraffinic mineral oil. This gives a stable oily dispersion.
VII 1 part by weight of the compound of Example 71 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 20 parts by weight of ethoxylated isooctylphenol and 10 parts by weight of ethoxylated castor oil. This gives a stable emulsion concentrate.
VII 1 part by weight of the compound of Example 71 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 80 parts by weight of cyclohexanone and 20 parts by weight of Wettol® EM 31 (=nonionic emulsifier based on ethoxylated castor oil). This gives a stable emulsion concentrate.
The herbicidal compositions or the active compounds can be applied pre- or post-emergence or together with the seeds of a crop plant. It is also possible to apply the herbicidal compositions or active compounds by sowing seed of a crop plant where the seeds have been pre-treated with the herbicidal compositions on active compounds. If the active compounds are less well tolerated by certain crop plants, application techniques may be used in which the herbicidal compositions are sprayed, with the aid of the spraying equipment, in such a way that they come into contact as little as possible, if at all, with the leaves of the sensitive crop plants, while the active compounds reach the leaves of undesirable plants growing underneath, or the bare soil surface (post-directed, lay-by).
The application rates of the active compound are from 0.001 to 10.0, preferably from 0.01 to 5.0 kg/ha of active substance (a.s.), depending on the control target, the season, the target plants and the growth stage.
To widen the activity spectrum and to achieve synergistic effects, the compounds of the formula I may be mixed with a large number of representatives of other herbicidal or growth-regulating active compound groups and then applied concomitantly. Suitable components for mixtures are, for example, 1,2,4-thiadiazoles, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, amides, aminophosphoric acid and its derivatives, aminotriazoles, anilides, (het)aryloxyalkanoic acid and its derivatives, benzoic acid and its derivatives, benzothiadiazinones, 2-(hetaroyl/aroyl)-1,3-cyclohexandiones, hetaryl-aryl ketones, benzylisoxazolidinones, meta-CF3-phenyl derivatives, carbamates, quinolinecarboxylic acid and its derivatives, chloroacetanilides, cyclohexenone oxime ether derivatives, diazines, dichloropropionic acid and its derivatives, dihydrobenzofurans, dihydrofuran-3-ones, dinitroanilines, dinitrophenols, diphenyl ether, dipyridyls, halocarboxylic acids and their derivatives, ureas, 3-phenyluracils, imidazoles, imidazolinones, N-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimides, oxadiazoles, oxiranes, phenols, aryloxy- and hetaryloxyphenoxypropionic esters, phenylacetic acid and its derivatives, phenylpropionic acid and its derivatives, pyrazoles, phenylpyrazoles, pyridazines, pyridinecarboxylic acid and its derivatives, pyrimidyl ethers, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, triazines, triazinones, triazolinones, triazolecarboxamides and uracils.
It may furthermore be advantageous to apply the compounds of the formula I alone or else concomitantly in combination with other herbicides, or in the form of a mixture with other crop protection agents, for example together with agents for controlling pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria. Also of interest is the miscibility with mineral salt solutions, which are employed for treating nutritional and trace element deficiencies. Non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates may also be added.
The examples below are meant to illustrate the invention without limiting it.
I Intermediates of the Formula VI
At 5° C., 21.1 g (0.15 mol) of benzoyl chloride and 85 ml (0.17 mol) of aqueous 2N sodium hydroxide solution were added simultaneously from two dropping funnels, with stirring, to a solution of 30.6 g of (S)-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (0.15 mol) in 75 ml of 2N aqueous solution hydroxide solution (0.15 mol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for two hours and then extracted twice with in each case 100 ml of diethyl ether, acidified to pH 2.5 with 1N HCl solution and extracted three times with in each case 150 ml of ethyl acetate. The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed successively with 1% strength NaHCO3 solution and with water, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The semisolid residue was stirred with 100 ml of n-pentane and, after 14 hours, filtered off with suction and washed with n-pentane. This gave 36 g (83.9% of theory) of (S)-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N3-benzoyl-2,3-diaminopropionic acid as fine white crystals of melting point 110-111° C.
The intermediates VI-2 to VI-34 listed in Table 1 were prepared similarly to the preparation of intermediate VI-1.
1configuration at the α-carbon
2Here and in the tables below, the numbers mentioned first indicate the binding site of the substituent at the aromatic ring. What follows are the substituent(s) and then the aromatic ring, where C6Hn is a phenyl ring substituted by 5-n groups
31-C10H7 = 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl = thi(oph)en-2-yl, etc.
II Intermediates of the Formula (II) where Y=OR1, (Hereinbelow Intermediates IIa)
At 25° C., 16.3 g of chlorotrimethylsilane (0.15 mol) were added with stirring to a solution of 9.8 g of (S)-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N3-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (0.03 mol) in 170 ml of n-propanol, and the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 24 hours. 100 ml of diethyl ether were added, and the precipitated crystals were then filtered off with suction, washed with diethyl ether and pentane and dried. This gave 8 g (87.6% of theory) of n-propyl((S)-N3-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino)propionate hydrochloride as white crystals of m.p. 187-189° C.
The intermediates IIa-2 to IIa-19 listed in Table 2 were prepared similarly to the preparation of intermediate IIa-1.
III Intermediates of the Formula VII where Sg=Butoxycarbonyl
16.8 g of 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (0.068 mol) and 2.5 g of methylamine (0.08 mol), from a pressurized bottle, were added successively to a solution of 15.4 g of (S)-N3-benzoyl-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (0.05 mol) in 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was stirred at 67° C. for 12 hours and then cooled to −5° C. The resulting precipitate was filtered off with suction, washed successively with tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether and n-pentane and dried. This gave 15.1 g (93.9% of theory) of N-methyl-(S)-N3-benzoyl-N2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,3-diaminopropionamide as white crystals of m.p. 222-223° C.
The intermediates VII-2 to VII-54 listed in Table 3 were prepared similarly to the preparation of intermediate VII-1 (Sg=tert-butoxycarbonyl).
IV Intermediates of the Formula (II) where Y=NR2R3 (Hereinbelow Intermediates IIb) as Hydrochlorides
At 20-25° C., 150 ml of a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (0.06 mol) were added dropwise to a solution of 13.7 g of N-methyl-(S)-N3-benzoyl-N2-(tert-butoxy-carbonyl)-2,3-diaminopropionamide (0.0426 mol) in 150 ml of dioxane. The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 14 hours, and the resulting precipitate was then filtered off with suction, washed with diethyl ether and n-pentane and dried. This gave 10.7 g (97.7% of theory) of N-methyl-(N3-benzoyl-2,3-diamino)propionamide hydrochloride as white crystals of m.p. 192-193° C.
The intermediates IIb-2 to IIb-54 listed in Table 4 were prepared similarly to the preparation of intermediate IIb-1.
V Compounds of the Formula I where Y=OR1 (Hereinbelow Compounds Ia)
1.4 g of N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.011 mol) and then, at from −10° C. to −5° C., a solution of 0.9 g of 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (0.005 mol) in 10 ml of methylene chloride were successively added dropwise to a solution of 1.5 g of ethyl (S)-(N3-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino)propionate (0.005 mol) in 20 ml of methylene chloride. The mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 2 hours and then at 22° C. for another 14 hours. The resulting mixture was subsequently washed twice with in each case 50 ml of water. The organic phase was separated off and concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was stirred with diethyl ether. The resulting precipitate was filtered off with suction and washed with a little diethyl ether and n-pentane. This gave 1.4 g (71.4% of theory) of ethyl (S)-(N3-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-N2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino)propionate as white crystals of m.p. 107-110° C.
The active compounds of the formula Ia listed in Table 5 were prepared similarly to the preparation of the compound Ia-1 (Examples 1 to 40).
VI Compounds of the Formula I where Y=NR2R3 (Hereinbelow Compounds Ib)
2.6 g (0.025 mol) of triethylamine and then, at from −5 to −10° C., a solution of 2.1 g (0.01 mol) of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride in 30 ml of methylene chloride were successively added dropwise to a solution of 2.6 g of (S)-N-methyl-((N3-benzoyl)-2,3-diamino)propionamide (0.01 mol) in 40 ml of methylene chloride. The mixture was stirred at −5° C. for 2 hours and then at 22° C. for another 14 hours. The resulting precipitate was filtered off with suction, washed successively with methylene chloride, water, methanol and diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 2.5 g (63.4% of theory) of (S)-N-methyl-((N3-benzoyl-N2-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino)propionamide as white crystals of m.p. 224-225° C.
The active compounds of the formula Ib listed in Table 6 were prepared similarly to Example 41 (Examples 41 to 200).
The herbicidal activity of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention was demonstrated by the following greenhouse experiments:
The cultivation containers used were plastic pots containing loamy sand with approximately 3.0% of humus as the substrate. The seeds of the test plants were sown separately for each species.
For the pre-emergence treatment, the active compounds, which had been suspended or emulsified in water, were applied by means of finely distributing nozzles directly after sowing. The containers were irrigated gently to promote germination and growth and subsequently covered with transparent plastic hoods until the plants had rooted. This cover caused uniform germination of the test plants, unless this was adversely affected by the active compounds.
For the post-emergence treatment, the test plants were first grown to a height of from 3 to 15 cm, depending on the plant habit, and only then treated with the active compounds which had been suspended or emulsified in water. The test plants were for this purpose either sown directly and grown in the same containers, or they were first grown separately as seedlings and transplanted into the test containers a few days prior to treatment. The application rate for the post-emergence treatment was 3 kg of a.s. (active substance)/ha.
Depending on the species, the plants were kept at 10-25° C. or 20-35° C. The test period extended over from 2 to 4 weeks. During this time, the plants were tended, and their response to the individual treatments was evaluated.
The evaluation was carried out using a scale from 0 to 100. 100 means no emergence of the plants, or complete destruction of at least the aerial parts and 0 means no damage, or normal course of growth.
The plants used in the greenhouse experiments were of the following species:
At application rates of 3 kg of a.s./ha, the compound of Example 71 (see Table 6) showed very good herbicidal post-emergence action against ABUTH, AVEFA, CENCY, CHEAL, SETIT and SINAL.
At application rates of 3 kg of a.s./ha, the compound of Example 88 (see Table 6) showed very good herbicidal post-emergence action against CENCY, CHEAL and SINAL.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10158628.0 | Nov 2001 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP02/13449 | 11/28/2002 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60334112 | Nov 2001 | US |
