Patent Grant
7375222
This invention relates to medicaments, particularly an anti-dementia agent which comprises a substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action as the active ingredient, preferably an anti-dementia agent wherein the substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a novel 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Potassium channel is a protein which distributes in the plasma membrane of cells and lets potassium ions selectively pass trough it and is considered to be taking an important role in controlling membrane potential of cells. Particularly, this is contributing to the neurotransmission of central and peripheral nerves, pace-making of the heart, contraction of muscles and the like by regulating frequency, persistency and the like of action potential in nerve and muscle cells.
As the classification based on the opening and closing mechanism of the channel, a voltage-dependent potassium channel, an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, a calcium-dependent potassium channel, a receptor coupling type potassium channel and the like have so far been identified. Among them, the voltage-dependent potassium channel has a property to open it when the membrane potential is depolarized. In general, potassium ions are present in a non-equilibrium state of about 5 mM in the extracellular moiety and about 150 mM in the intracellular moiety. Accordingly, when the voltage-dependent potassium channel is opened due to depolarization, potassium ions flow out from the intracellular part into the extracellular part and cause restoration (re-polarization) of membrane potential as a result. Thus, reduction of excitability of nerve and muscle calls is induced accompanied by the opening of the voltage-dependent channel [Non-patent reference 1].
Compounds capable of modifying opening of the voltage-dependent channel have a possibility to regulate various physiological phenomena by regulating excitability of nerve and muscle cells and therefore to become therapeutic drugs of various diseases.
For example, it is known that 4-aminopyridine which is an inhibitor of the A type voltage-dependent potassium channel found in nerve cells causes epilepsy by increasing excitability of nerves [Non-patent reference 3]. In addition, dofetilide which is an inhibitor of HERG potassium channel expressing in the heart, among voltage-dependent potassium channels, is used as an agent for treating arrhythmia based on its property to control excitability of cardiac muscle cells [Non-patent reference 4].
The potassium channel described as SEQ ID NO:2 in Example 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,168 (corresponding international patent publication pamphlet WO 99/37677) [Patent reference 1] (to be referred to as BEC 1 or BEC 1 potassium channel hereinafter) is a voltage-dependent potassium channel which shows an expression distribution localized to the brain. Its expression is significant particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The hippocampus is a region whose relation to memory and learning are strongly suggested [Non-patent reference 5].
Particularly, granule cells of dentate gyrus and CA 1 and CA 3 pyramidal cells wherein BEC 1 potassium channel expresses form a neural circuit, and input of various memories is transmitted from the granule cells of dentate gyrus to the CA 3 pyramidal cell through the CA 1 pyramidal cell, via an excitatory synapse which uses glutamic acid as the neurotransmitter. It is considered that long-term changes in the long-term potentiation, long-term depression and the like synaptic transmission efficiencies found in respective synapses are deeply concerned in the memory and learning. These long-term changes are regulated by the excitation frequency and excitation strength of nerve cells. In addition, the voltage-dependent potassium channel generally has a possibility of being able to control excitability of nerve cells.
Accordingly, it is considered that BEC 1 is concerned in the formation of memory and learning via the excitability control of nerve cells, but this has not been illustratively proved.
A large number of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives are currently known, and their uses are disclosed as an anti-HIV agent [Non-patent reference 6], an adenosine A 3 antagonist [Patent reference 2], and antimicrobial agents [Non-patent reference 7], [Non-patent reference 8], [Non-patent reference 9] and [Patent reference 3]. Though many potassium channel inhibitors and 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives have so far been reported [Patent reference 3] and [Non-patent reference 10], there are no reports or suggestions stating that they have BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action.
The object of the invention is to provide an anti-dementia agent which uses a substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action (to be referred to as BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor hereinafter) as the active ingredient, preferably an anti-dementia agent wherein the BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a novel 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a medicament comprising said novel derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The present inventors have conducted studies with the aim of achieving the above object and found as a result that a BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor can become an anti-dementia agent. In addition, it was found unexpectedly that a compound having the 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine structure has a BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action, thus resulting in the accomplishment of the invention.
The invention relates to an anti-dementia agent which comprises a substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action as the active ingredient.
It is preferably an anti-dementia agent wherein the substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative represented by a formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
(symbols in the formula are as follows
R1 and R2: the same or different from each other, and each represents H, OH, an alkyl-O—, an aryl-CO—, H2N, an alkyl-NH which may be substituted with OH, an (alkyl)2N, a hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted or a hetero ring which may be substituted, or R1, R2 and the adjacent N may together form a nitrogen-containing hetero ring and said ring may be substituted,
R3, R4, R5 and R6: the same or different from one another, and each represents (i) H, (ii) CN, (iii) NO2, (iv) a halogen, (v) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with (1) CN, (2) a halogen or (3) OH, (vi) a cycloalkyl, (vii) an aryl which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, (ix) a hetero ring which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, (x) R7R8N— (R7 and R8: the same or different from each other, and each represents (1) H or (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl or R9—O—CO— (R9: (1) H or a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl), (xi) R10-T1- (R10: (1) H, (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl, an HO—C1-10 alkylene-O— or HO or (3) an aryl, T1: O or S), or (xii) R11-T2- (R11: (1) OH, (2) R7R8N—, (3) a lower alkyl-O—, (4) a lower alkyl, (5) an aryl or (6) a hetero ring, (T2: CO or SO2)),
further, R3, R4 and the adjacent C, or R5, R6 and the adjacent C, may together form a hetero ring or cyclic hydrocarbon ring, and the ring may be condensed with a benzene ring).
Another embodiment of the invention is BEC 1 potassium channel described as SEQ ID NO:2 inhibitor having a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative represented by a formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an ingredient.
Also, another embodiment of the invention is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative represented by a formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
(symbols in the formula are as follows
R1 and R2: the same or different from each other, and each represents H, OH, an alkyl-O—, an aryl-CO—, H2N, an alkyl-NH which may be substituted with OH, an (alkyl)2N, a hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted or a hetero ring which may be substituted, or R1, R2 and the adjacent N may together form a nitrogen-containing hetero ring and said ring may be substituted,
R3, R4, R5 and R6: the same or different from one another, and each represents (i) H, (ii) CN, (iii) NO2, (iv) a halogen, (v) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with (1) CN, (2) a halogen or (3) OH, (vi) a cycloalkyl, (vii) an aryl which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, (ix) a hetero ring which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, (x) R7R8N— (R7 and R8: the same or different from each other, and each represents (1) H or (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl or R9—O—CO— (R9: (1) H or a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl), (xi) R10-T1- (R10: (1) H, (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl, an HO—C1-10 alkylene-O— or HO or (3) an aryl, T1: O or S), or (xii) R11-T2- (R11: (1) OH, (2) R7R8N—, (3) a lower alkyl-O—, (4) a lower alkyl, (5) an aryl or (6) a hetero ring, (T2: CO or SO2)),
further, R3, R4 and the adjacent C, or R5, R6 and the adjacent C, may together form a hetero ring or cyclic hydrocarbon ring, and the ring may be condensed with a benzene ring),
excluding a case in which R1 and R2 in the aforementioned formula (II) are the same or different from each other, and each represents (i) H, NH2, a cyclohexyl, phenyl which may be substituted, Ra—(CH2)2— (Ra: HS, HO, R7R8N, COOH, an ethoxy, CN, morpholino or chloro), an alkyl which may be substituted with a substituent group of the following (a) to (e) ((a), HOOC, (b) an alkyl-O—CO—, (c) phenyl which may be substituted, (d) R7R8NCONHCO or (e) R7R8NCONHCO—), an alkenyl, phenyl-S—, phenyl-SO2—, phenyl-NHCS— which may be substituted, phenyl-NHCO— which may be substituted, an alkyl-O—CO—, H2NCS, chloro-COCH2— or 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylmethyl which may be substituted, or R1, R2 and the adjacent C together form pyrazol-1-yl, indol-1-yl, indazol-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl or morpholin-4-yl and R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and each represents H, a halogen, NO2, acetyl, HO, a lower alkyl-O—, HOOC—, a lower alkyl-O—CO—, H2NSO2— or a lower alkyl; the same shall apply thereinafter).
Still another embodiment of the invention is a medicament which comprises the 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative described by the aforementioned formula (II) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Preferred embodiment of the invention is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having the following substituent groups in the formula (I) or formula (II);
(1) R1 and R2 are different from each other and are H and a hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted, and the hydrocarbon radical is more preferably an alkyl, further preferably a hetero ring-substituted alkyl which may be substituted,
(2) R1 and R2 are different from each other and are H and a hetero ring which may be substituted, and said hetero ring is more preferably a four- to six-membered single ring containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from S and O,
(3) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are H,
(4) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and are H and a halogen,
(5) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and are H and a lower alkyl which may be substituted with [(1) a halogen or (2) OH],
(6) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and are H, a halogen and a lower alkyl which may be substituted with [(1) a halogen or (2) OH],
(7) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and are H and R10-T1-, or
(8) R3, R4, R5 and R6 are the same or different from one another and are H, a halogen and R10-T1-.
Particularly preferred is a 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having a combination of the aforementioned (1) or (2) with any one of (3) to (8).
Preferred compound is any one of the 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives shown in the following table or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A further embodiment of the invention is a method for treating dementia, which comprises administering the aforementioned BEC 1 inhibitor to a patient.
A still further embodiment is a method for preparing a medicament, particularly a pharmaceutical composition for dementia treatment use, which comprises a compound obtained by a screening method in which a compound to be tested is allowed to contact with BEC 1 potassium channel-expressed cells to identify if it inhibits said channel activity.
The symbols used hereinafter have the same meanings.
The following further describes the compound represented by the general formula (I) or (II). Unless otherwise noted, the term “lower” as used in the definition of the general formula of this specification means a straight or branched carbon chain having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
As the “halogen”, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom can be cited.
The “hydrocarbon radical” is a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a cyclic hydrocarbon radical having from 3 to 15 carbon atoms. The straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical is an “alkyl”, an “alkenyl” or an “alkynyl”. Illustrative example of the “alkyl” is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, hexyl, decyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl or the like. The “alkenyl” is a hydrocarbon radical having at least one or more double bonds, such as vinyl, propenyl, allyl, isopropenyl, hexenyl or the like. The “alkynyl” is a hydrocarbon radical having at least one or more triple bonds, such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl or the like. The cyclic hydrocarbon radical is a “cycloalkyl”, a “cycloalkenyl” or an “aryl”. Illustrative example of the “cycloalkyl” is a monocyclic saturated ring such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl or the like. Said cycloalkyl may be bridged or condensed with benzene. For example, a C3-10 cycloalkyl shown below is desirable. The “cycloalkenyl” is a hydrocarbon ring having one or more double bonds, and said cycloalkenyl may be condensed with a hetero ring, an aryl or a C3-10 cycloalkyl. For example, a C3-8 cycloalkenyl shown below is desirable. The “aryl” means an aromatic hydrocarbon radical including a C6-14 aryl such as phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl or the like.
Said aryl may be condensed with a hetero ring, a C3-10 cycloalkenyl, a C3-10 cycloalkyl or a benzene-condensed cycloalkyl. For example, a di or tricyclic shown below is desirable.
Particularly, a di or tricyclic aryl condensed with benzene ring together with R3, R4 and the adjacent C, or R5, R6 and the adjacent C, may be substituted.
As said substituent group; oxo (═O), an aryl, an OH-aryl and a lower alkyl-O-aryl can be exemplified.
The “hetero ring” is a four- to seven-membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aliphatic ring or aromatic ring containing from 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, S and O. Said ring may be bridged or condensed with a C3-10 cycloalkyl or a aryl. For example, the hetero rings shown in the following are preferred illustrative examples.
Regarding an aromatic nitrogen-containing hetero ring among the aforementioned hetero rings, a nitrogen atom on said ring may be quaternarized or form N-oxide.
The “nitrogen-containing hetero ring” is the aforementioned hetero ring having at least one nitrogen atom.
As the substituent group of the “hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted”, substituent groups of the group a described in the following can preferably be exemplified.
As the substituent group of the “hetero ring which may be substituted” and “nitrogen-containing hetero ring which can be formed by R1 and R2 together with the adjacent N”, substituent groups of the group a described in the following can preferably be exemplified.
Group a: (i) CN, (ii) NO2, (iii) a halogen, (iv) R7R8N— (R7 and R8: the same or different from each other, and each represents (1) H, (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl or R9—O—CO— (R9: (1) H or a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl), (3) an aryl which may be substituted with CN or a lower alkyl, (4) a hetero ring, (5) a lower alkyl-CO—, (6) a lower alkyl-O—CO—, (7) a cycloalkyl which may be substituted with HS— or a lower alkyl-S—, (8) an aryl-SO2— which may be substituted with NO2 or (9) a hetero ring-SO2—), (v) R10-T- (R10: (1) H, (2) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with an aryl, an HO—C1-10 alkylene-O— or HO or (3) an aryl, T1: O or S), (vi) R11-T2- (R11: (1) OH, (2) R7R8N—, (3) a lower alkyl-O—, (4) a lower alkyl, (5) an aryl or (6) a hetero ring (T2: CO or SO2)), (vii) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with a substituent group among the following (1) to (6) ((1) a halogen, (2) CN, (3) OH, (4) R10CO—, (5) R7R8N— or (6) an aryl), (viii) a cycloalkyl which may be substituted with a lower alkyl, (ix) a cycloalkenyl, (x) a cycloalkynyl, (xi) an aryl which may be substituted with a substituent group among the following (1) to (5) ((1) a halogen, (2) NO2, (3) R12-T1- (R12: R10 or a lower alkyl-aryl which may be substituted with OH, (4) H2NO2S— or (5) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with a halogen or OH), or (xii) a hetero ring which may be substituted with a substituent group among the following (1) to (9) ((1) a halogen, (2) oxo (═O), (3) NO2, (4) a lower alkyl which may be substituted with [R7R8N—, R10-T1-, an aryl which may be substituted with (OH, a halogen or a lower alkyl-O—), (5) an aryl which may be substituted with a halogen, (6) OH, (7) a lower alkyl-O—, (8) R7R8N—, or (9) a hetero ring,
The “BEC 1” and “BEC 1 potassium channel” mean the complete length protein represented by SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment of said protein having the same function of said protein, or a fragment or complete length protein of said protein in which one or more amino acids may be substituted, deleted or inserted.
The “substance having BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action” can be obtained by subjecting compounds to be tested to a typical screening method such as the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,168.
a) Screening Method Which Uses Voltage-Clump Method
It is possible to measure channel activity of the BEC 1 potassium channel protein by the whole-cell voltage-clamp method. Cells expressing this channel protein are voltage-clamped and whole-cell current is recorded by the whole-cell voltage-clamp method. For example, a solution containing 145 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2 and 0.8 mM MgCl2 is used as the extracellular solution, and a solution containing 155 mM KCl is used as the intracellular solution (patch electrode solution). A compound and a peptide capable of modifying activity of the BEC 1 potassium channel protein can be screened by comparing outward currents generated by a depolarization stimulus, namely shifting a membrane potential from a holding potential (e.g., −70 mV) to a depolarization side (e.g., −80 mV), in the presence and absence of each drug to be tested.
b) Screening Method Which Uses Release of Rb+ Ion
In general, the potassium channel can pass Rb+ ion similar to K+ ion, so that the channel activity can be measured using release of a radioisotope 86Rb+ as a marker. By incubating cells expressing the novel potassium channel protein together with 86RbCl (e.g., 18 hr, 37° C.), 86Rb+ can be incorporated into the cells. The cells are washed with a low K+ concentration physiological saline (e.g., 4.5 mM K+) and then suspended in the same solution. When a high K+ concentration solution (e.g., 100 mM in final concentration) is added to the cell suspension, membrane potential of the cell is depolarized and the potassium channel therefore is activated. As a result, the intracellular 86Rb+ is released into the extracellular part, thus radioactivity of the extracellular solution can be used as a marker of the channel activity. It is possible to screen a compound and a peptide capable of modifying activity of the BEC 1 potassium channel protein, by comparing the radioactivity released into the extracellular part when the high K+ concentration solution is added in the presence and absence of each drug to be tested.
c) Screening Method Which Uses a Voltage-Sensitive Dye or a Intracellular K+-Detecting Dye
It is possible that a voltage-sensitive dye or a intracellular K+-detecting dye can optically detect a change in the potential or intracellular K+ concentration accompanied by the opening of potassium channel. As the voltage-sensitive dye, RH 155, WW 781, Di-4-ANEPPS, derivatives thereof and the like can be used. In addition, a chimeric protein in which the amino acid sequence of green fluorescent protein is inserted into the C-terminal intracellular region of a Shaker type membrane voltage-dependent potassium channel can also be used in the detection of membrane potential (Siegel, M. S. and Isacoff, E. Y. (1997), Neuron, 19, 735-741). As the intracellular K+-detecting dye, K+-binding benzofuran isophthalate and the like can be used. By the use of these dyes, channel activity of the BEC 1 potassium channel can be measured and it is possible to screen a compound and a peptide capable of modifying activity of the BEC 1 potassium channel protein by comparing their changing amounts in the presence and absence of a drug to be tested.
Preferred screening method is a method for measuring BEC 1 inhibitory activity of a compound using 86Rb ion releasing amount as the index, which is described later.
In addition, by allowing the Example 13 as a typical compound of the invention and a compound to be tested to undergo competitive BEC 1 potassium channel inhibition, a substance having said action can be obtained.
The compound to be tested may be illustratively any substance which has said inhibitory activity, and its examples include known compounds commercially available or registered in chemical file, a group of compounds obtained by combinatorial chemistry techniques, culture supernatants of microorganisms, natural components derived from plants and marine organisms, animal tissue extracts, antibodies and dominant negative proteins and the like. Also included are those in which said substances are modified with a substituent group or the like by a chemical conversion as a conventional method for those skilled in the art.
Depending on the type of groups, optical isomers (optically active substances, diastereomers and the like) are present in the compounds of the invention. Since compounds having amide bond and double bond are present in the compounds of the invention, tautomers based on the amide bond and geometrical isomers are also present. Separated or mixed forms of these isomers are included in the invention.
The compound of the invention forms a salt with an acid or a base. Examples of the salt with an acid include acid addition salts with inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like mineral acids, and with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, picric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
Examples of the salt with a base include salts with sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum and the like inorganic bases, methylamine, ethylamine, meglumine, ethanolamine and the like organic bases, or lysine, arginine, ornithine and the like basic amino acids, as well as an ammonium salt. Also, the compound of the invention can form a hydrate, solvates with ethanol and the like and polymorphism.
In addition, all of the compounds which are metabolized and converted in the living body, so-called prodrugs, are also included in the active ingredient of the invention or compound of the invention. Examples of the group which forms the prodrug of the invention include the groups described in Prog. Med., 5, 2157-2161 (1985) and “Iyakuhin-no Kaihatsu (Development of Medicaments”, Vol. 7 (Hirokawa Shoten, 1990), Bunshi Sekkei (Molecular Design), pp. 163-198.
(Production Methods)
The compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be produced applying various conventionally known synthesis methods, making use of the characteristics based on its basic nucleus and kinds of substituent groups. For example, oxidation, reduction, amination, alkylation, amidation, sulfonamidation, esterification, urea formation and the like reactions can be carried out by referring to the conditions described in references such as “Jikken Kagaku Koza (Experimental Chemistry Series)” 4th edition, edited by The Chemical Society of Japan (1991) (published by Maruzen). In that case, depending on the kinds of functional groups, it is sometimes effective in view of production techniques to replace said functional groups by appropriate protecting groups (groups which can be easily converted into said functional groups) at the stage of the material or an intermediate. Examples of such functional groups include amino group, OH (hydroxyl group), COOH (carboxy) and the like, and examples of their protecting groups include the protecting groups described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (3rd edition)” edited by Greene and Wuts, which may be optionally selected in response to the reaction conditions. In such a method, the compound of interest can be obtained by eliminating the protecting group as occasion demands after carrying out the reaction by introducing said protecting group.
Materials of the compounds of the invention and production methods of the compounds of the invention are described in detail in the following. Though the compounds of the invention can be produced by conventionally known methods, such as the methods described in Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 6, 2112 (1973) and the like, or modified methods thereof, typical production methods are shown in the following.
(In the formulae, L1, L2 and L3 indicate leaving groups.)
As the leaving group, (i) a halogen, (ii) methylsulfanyl, (iii) methylsulfinyl, (iv) a C1-6 alkanesulfonyloxy group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen (e.g., methanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy or the like), or (v) a C6-10 allenesulfonyloxy group which may be substituted with 1 to 4 C1-6 alkyl or halogen (e.g., p-toluenesulfonyloxy, p-bromobenzenesufonyloxy or the like) can be exemplified.
Process A
The material compound (IV) or (VII) of the compound of the invention can be synthesized by conventionally known methods described in Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 9, 2563 (1989) and J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 4326 (1994) or modified methods thereof.
Process B
The material compound (V), (VI) or (VIII) of the compound of the invention can be synthesized by conventionally known methods described in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 2382 (1994), U.S. Pat. No. 2,476,548, J. Chem. Soc., 561 (1948) and Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokai-shi (Journal of the Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry), vol. 18, p. 332 (1960) or modified methods thereof.
Process C
This Process is a method in which the compound (1-a) or (1-b) of the invention is obtained by allowing a compound (IV), (V), (VI) or (VIII) to react with an amine compound (IX) or an aniline compound (X) or (XI). The reaction is carried out under cooling to heating reflux using the compound (IV), (V), (VI) or (VIII) and the compound (IX), (X) or (XI) at an equivalent molar ratio, or one of them in an excess amount, without a solvent or in a solvent inert to the reaction such as benzene, toluene, xylene or the like aromatic hydrocarbon, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane or the like ether, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform or the like halogenated hydrocarbon, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate or acetonitrile. The reaction temperature can be optionally set in response to the compounds. Depending on the compounds, it is desirable in some cases to carry out the reaction in the presence of an organic base (preferably diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine) or a metal salt base (preferably sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). In addition, depending on the compounds, it is advantageous in some cases to carry out the reaction in the absence of a base, for effecting smooth reaction.
The compound (I) of the invention can be isolated and purified by conventionally known techniques such as solvent extraction, liquid conversion, solvent partition, crystallization, recrystallization, chromatography and the like. In addition, material compound of the compound (III), (IV), (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be isolated and purified by the same conventionally known techniques as described in the above, but it may be directly used as the material of the subsequent step as a reaction mixture without isolation.
In this connection, the aforementioned Processes are not limited to the substituent groups in the formulae and can be broadly applied to cases in which the compounds of the invention have similar substituent groups.
The compound of the invention produced in such a manner is isolated and purified in its free form or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The isolation and purification are carried out by employing usual chemical operations such as extraction, concentration, evaporation, crystallization, filtration, recrystallization, various types of chromatography and the like.
Various isomers can be separated by selecting an appropriate material compound or making use of the difference in physical property between isomers. For example, optical isomers can be made into a stereochemically pure isomer by selecting an appropriate material or by subjecting to optical resolution of racemic compound (e.g., a method in which optical resolution is carried out after converting into diastereomer salts with a general optically active base).
The invention relates to an anti-dementia agent which uses a BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor as the active ingredient.
When a transgenic mouse in which the BEC 1 potassium channel is frequently expressed in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was prepared and its behavior was analyzed, it was revealed that learning performance of said mouse was reduced in a Morris water maze learning test, a passive avoidance task and a fear conditioning, which are described later. In addition, immunohistochemical detection of the BEC 1 potassium channel using the brain of Alzheimer patients suggested that its expression is increased in nerve cells of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The above results suggest a possibility that increase in the expression of the BEC 1 potassium channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the Alzheimer patient is inhibiting a memory and learning-related neural transmission by reducing excitability of nerve cells.
As a result of further conducting intensive studies, it was confirmed that a BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor, or a compound shown in Invention Example 744 as a typical compound, has an action to improve an amnesia induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in a mouse passive avoidance task.
Based on the above, it was verified that the BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitor has an action to improve learning disorder and is useful as a preventive or therapeutic agent for a disease in which the BEC 1 potassium channel is considered to be concerned, preferably dementia.
The pharmaceutical composition which contains one or two or more of the BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitors or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as the active ingredient is prepared using generally used pharmaceutical carriers, fillers and other additives.
The pharmaceutical carriers and fillers may be either in solid or liquid forms, and their examples include lactose, magnesium stearate, starch, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, gum arabic, olive oil, sesame oil, cacao butter, ethylene glycol and the like and other generally used substances.
The administration may be effected in the form of either oral administration by tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, solutions or the like or parenteral administration by injections for intravenous injection, intramuscular injection or the like, suppositories, percutaneous preparations and the like.
The dose is optionally decided in response to each case by taking into consideration symptoms and age, sex and the like of each patient to be treated, but is usually within the range of from 1 to 1,000 mg, preferably from 50 to 200 mg, per adult per day by oral administration, or dividing the daily dose into several doses per day, or from 1 to 500 mg by parenteral administration, per day per adult, by dividing the daily dose into 1 to several doses per day, or within the range of from 1 hour to 24 hours per day by intravenous-continued administration. Since the dose varies under various conditions as described in the foregoing, a smaller dose than the aforementioned range may be sufficient enough in some cases.
The solid composition for use in the oral administration according to the present invention is used in the form of tablets, powders, granules and the like. In such a solid composition, one or more active substances are mixed with at least one inert diluent such as lactose, mannitol, glucose, hydroxypropylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or aluminum magnesium silicate. In the usual way, the composition may contain other additives than the inert diluent, such as magnesium stearate or the like lubricant, calcium cellulose glycolate or the like disintegrating agent, lactose or the like stabilizing agent and glutamic acid, aspartic acid or the like solubilization assisting agent.
If necessary, tablets or pills may be coated with a sugar coat or a film of a gastric or enteric substance such as sucrose, gelatin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate or the like.
The liquid composition for oral administration includes pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs and the like and contains a generally used inert diluent such as purified water or ethyl alcohol. In addition to the inert diluent, this composition may also contain a moistening agent, a suspending agent and the like auxiliary agents, as well as sweeteners, flavors, aromatics and antiseptics.
The injections for parenteral administration includes aseptic aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Examples of the diluent for use in the aqueous solutions and suspensions include distilled water for injection and physiological saline. Examples of the diluent for use in the non-aqueous solutions and suspensions include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, olive oil or the like plant oil, ethanol or the like alcohol, polysorbate 80 and the like. Such a composition may further contain additive agents such as an antiseptic, a moistening agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizing agent (e.g., lactose) and a solubilization assisting agent (e.g., glutamic acid or aspartic acid). These compositions are sterilized by filtration through a bacteria retaining filter, blending of a germicide or irradiation. Alternatively, they may be used by firstly making into sterile solid compositions and dissolving them in sterile water or a sterile solvent for injection use prior to their use.
Next, the invention is described further in detail based on examples, but the invention is not limited to these examples. In this connection, production methods for the starting compounds to be used in the Invention Examples are described as Reference Examples.
Unless otherwise noted, the term % as used in the following means percent by weight. Other abbreviations as used herein means as follows.
Symbols in the tables are as follows.
Ex: Invention Example Number
Ref: Reference Example Number
F: fluoro, Cl: chloro, NO2: nitro, OH: hydroxy, CN: cyano, Me: methyl, Et: ethyl, Ph: phenyl, Py: pyridine, Py-2-ylCH2NH: pyridin-2-ylmethylamino, Py-3-ylCH2NH: pyridin-3-ylmethylamino, Py-4-ylCH2NH: pyridin-4-ylmethylamino, CF3: trifluoromethyl, iPr: isopropyl, Pen: pentyl, cPr: cyclopropyl, cHex: cyclohexyl, Bzl: benzyl, Bz: benzoyl, diMePhNH: dimethylphenylamino, diMeOPhNH: dimethoxyphenylamino, diClPhNH: dichlorophenylamino, diCF3PhNH: ditrifluoromethylphenylamino, Ac: acetyl, AcOEt: ethyl acetate, free: free form,
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (measured with tetramesylsilane (TMS) internal standard (indicated by ppm))
The 1H-NMR spectrum is expressed by chemical shift value when TMS is used as the internal standard, and the signals are indicated by the following abbreviations. s: singlet, d: doublet, t: triplet, q: quartet, br: broad, m: multiplet, m.p.: melting point [° C.] (Melting point was measured using a melting point measuring apparatus Yanako MP-S3 manufactured by Yanagimoto and shown by uncorrected value.)
MS: FAB-MS, MASS: ESI-MS, HPLC rt: HPLC retention time
Measuring apparatus: HPLC: 2790 separation module manufactured by WATERS; MS: ZMD manufactured by Micromass PDA detector: A 996 photodiode array detector manufactured by WATERS
Measuring conditions: Column, WAKOSIL-2 5C18AR, 2.0 mm I.D.×30 mm
Column temperature: 35° C.
Mobile phase solution A=5 mM trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, solution B=methanol
Detection wavelength: 254 nm or 210 nm
Sample input: 5 μl
Flow rate: 1.2 ml/min
In this connection, regarding mixing ratio of the mobile phase, the initial stage solvent condition was used as a 10% mobile phase B and increased thereafter to a 100% mobile phase B with linear gradient spending 4 minutes, and the subsequent 0.5 minute was used as a 100% mobile phase B.
Material compounds are shown in Reference Examples.
A 2.41 g portion of 2,4-dichloro-6-anilino-1,3,5-triazine was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile, and 2.09 ml of diisopropylethylamine and 1.23 g of p-fluoroaniline were added thereto and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction solution was mixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid and saturated brine and then dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (1:9), and then the thus obtained crude product was crystallized from benzene, thereby obtaining 2.25 g of 6-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine as a white solid.
The compounds of Reference Examples 2 to 5 shown in the following Table 4 were synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 1.
A 2.59 g portion of 4,6-dichloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine was dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile, and 2.09 ml of diisopropylethylamine and 1.18 g of p-toluidine were added thereto and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction solution was mixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid and saturated brine and then dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (1:9), and then the thus obtained crude product was crystallized from benzene, thereby obtaining 2.74 g of 6-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine as a white solid.
The compounds of Reference Examples 7 to 12 shown in the following Table 4 were synthesized in the same manner as in Reference Example 6.
A 200 mg portion of 6-chloro-N,N′-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine was dissolved in 10.0 ml of acetonitrile, and 145 mg of 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine and 0.585 ml of diisopropylethylamine were added thereto and stirred overnight at 80° C. The reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature, and then mixed with water and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was washed with 5% citric acid and saturated brine and then dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (2:1), and then the thus obtained crude product was crystallized from ethyl acetate/n-hexane, thereby obtaining 107 mg of N,N′-diphenyl-N″-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine as light red crystals.
The compounds of Invention Examples 2 to 38 and compounds of Invention Examples 740 to 815 shown in the following Tables 5 to 7 and the following Tables 28 to 35 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 1.
A 207 mg portion of (4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)isopropylamine was dissolved in 10.0 ml of acetonitrile, and 369 mg of 4-methoxyaniline was added thereto and stirred at 80° C. for 3 days. The reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature, and then mixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and saturated brine and then dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (2:1) to obtain a clued product. This crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and mixed with 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution, the solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was crystallized from ethyl acetate, thereby obtaining 332 mg of N-isopropyl-N′,N″-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triamine hydrochloride as colorless crystals.
The compounds of Invention Examples 40 to 44 shown in the following Table 7 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 39.
A 316 mg portion of the 6-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine was dissolved in 10.0 ml of acetonitrile, and 0.523 ml of diisopropylethylamine and 0.170 ml of isopropylamine were added thereto and stirred overnight at 80° C. The reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature, and then mixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with 5% citric acid aqueous solution and saturated brine and then dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (2:1) to obtain a crude product. This crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and mixed with 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution, the solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was crystallized from ethyl acetate, thereby obtaining 327 mg of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-isopropyl-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride as colorless crystals.
The compounds of Invention Examples 46 to 50 shown in the following Table 8 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 45.
A 7.5 mg (60 μmol) portion of p-fluorobenzylamine and 52 μl of diisopropylethylamine were added to a mixed solution of 400 μl of acetonitrile and 120 μl of N-methylpyrrolidone containing 8.9 mg (30 μmol) of 6-chloro-N,N′-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine and stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution was filtered and then injected into a fractional LC-MS apparatus to collect a fraction containing the desired molecular weight. By evaporating the solvent, 6.1 mg (yield 45%) of N,N′-diphenyl-N″-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine was obtained. A retention time of 2.77 minutes and a purity of 93% were determined by an analytical LC-MS.
The compounds of Invention Examples 52 to 418 shown in the following Tables 9 to 18 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 51.
A 6.7 mg (60 μmol) portion of 2-fluoroaniline was added to a mixed solution of 400 μl of acetonitrile and 120 μl of N-methylpyrrolidone containing 8.9 mg (30 μmol) of 6-chloro-N,N′-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine and stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction solution was filtered and then injected into a fractional LC-MS apparatus to collect a fraction containing the desired molecular weight.
By evaporating the solvent, 6.0 mg (yield 54%) of N,N′-diphenyl-N″-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine was obtained. A retention time of 3.01 minutes and a purity of 94% were determined by an analytical LC-MS.
The compounds of Invention Examples 420 to 583 shown in the following Tables 19 to 22 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 419.
A 10 mg portion of 2,6-dichloro-N-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-4-amine was dissolved in 600 μl of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 400 μl of 0.5 mM 2-fluoroaniline N,N-dimethylformamide solution and 26 μl of diisopropylethylamine were added thereto and stirred at 120° C. for 3 days. The reaction solution was mixed with 50 mg (4.27 mmol/g) of PS-trisamine manufactured by Algonote and further stirred at 120° C. for 7 hours. After cooling down to 50° C., the reaction solution was mixed with 50 mg (1.53 mmol/g) of PS-benzaldehyde manufactured by Algonote and further stirred at 50° C. for 16 hours. The reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and then mixed with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and chloroform and stirred. After filtration of the solution, the organic layer was dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure to obtain 7 mg of N,N′-di-(2-fluorophenyl)-N″-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine as a brown resinous substance.
The compounds of Invention Examples 585 to 636 shown in the following Tables 23 and 24 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 584.
A 14 mg portion of 6-chloro-N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine was dissolved in 800 μl of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 200 μl of 0.5 mM 2-fluoroaniline N,N-dimethylformamide solution and 50 μl of 4 M hydrochloric acid/dioxane were added thereto and stirred at 80° C. for 7 hours. After cooling down the reaction solution to 60° C., 50 mg (4.27 mmol/g) of PS-trisamine and 50 mg (1.53 mmol/g) of PS-benzaldehyde both manufactured by Algonote were added to the reaction solution and further stirred at 60° C. for 16 hours. The reaction solution was cooled down to room temperature and then mixed with saturated sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and chloroform and stirred. After filtration of the solution, the organic layer was dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure to obtain 13 mg of N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N′-isopropyl-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine as a brown resinous substance.
The compounds of Invention Examples 638 to 739 shown in the following Tables 24 to 27 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 637.
A 565 mg portion of the N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride synthesized in Invention Example 753 was mixed with 5 ml of 25% hydrobromic acid acetic acid solution and 1 ml of 48% hydrobromic acid aqueous solution and stirred at 80° C. for 6 hours. After evaporation of the reaction solution under a reduced pressure, the residue was mixed with ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in that order and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with chloroform:methanol (99:1) to obtain a crude product. This crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and mixed with 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution, and the thus formed crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain 195 mg of 5-[({4-anilino-6-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)methyl]pyridine-2(1H)-one hydrochloride as colorless crystals.
The compounds of Invention Examples 817 and 818 shown in the following Table 35 were synthesized in the same manner as in Invention Example 816.
A 250 mg portion of the tert-butyl {6-[({4-anilino-6-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}-)amino]methyl}pyridin-2-yl}carbamate hydrochloride synthesized in Invention Example 758 was dissolved in 10.0 ml of ethyl acetate, and 10.0 ml of 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution was added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The thus formed pale yellow crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain 190 mg of N-[(6-aminopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-N′-(4-fluorophenyl)-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride as pale yellow crystals.
A 360 mg portion of the N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-{[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl]methyl}-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride synthesized in Invention Example 767 was dissolved in 5 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and stirred at 70° C. overnight. After evaporation of the reaction solution under a reduced pressure, the residue was mixed with ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in that order and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with chloroform:methanol (92.8) to obtain a crude product. This crude product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and mixed with 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution, and the thus formed crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain 268 mg of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-phenyl-N″-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride as colorless crystals.
A 678 mg portion of [(1-trityl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]amine was dissolved in 10.0 ml of acetonitrile, and 0.52 ml of diisopropylethylamine and 316 mg of the 6-chloro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine synthesized in Reference Example 1 were added thereto and stirred at 80° C. for 3 days. After cooling down to room temperature, the reaction solution was mixed with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with citric acid aqueous solution and saturated brine and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with chloroform:methanol (99:1) to obtain a crude product. This crude product was dissolved in 9 ml of acetic acid and 1 ml of water and stirred at 70° C. for 2 hours. After evaporation of the reaction solution under a reduced pressure, the residue was mixed with ethyl acetate and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution in that order and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under a reduced pressure, and the thus obtained residue was applied to a silica gel column chromatography and eluted with chloroform:methanol (90:10) to obtain a crude product. This crued product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and mixed with 4 M hydrochloric acid ethyl acetate solution, and the thus formed crystals were collected by filtration and dried to obtain 306 mg of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N′-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-N″-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hydrochloride as colorless crystals.
In the following, structures and physical property values of the compounds of Reference Examples and Invention Examples are shown in Tables 4 to 35.
In addition, the compounds shown in the following Tables 36 to 39 can also be synthesized in the same manner as in the aforementioned Invention Examples. The sign “No” in the tables indicates compound number.
(Test Method)
Method for Measuring BEC 1 Inhibitory Activity of Compounds Using Released Amount of 86Rb ions as the Index
The channel activity of BEC 1 was measured in accordance with the method described in WO 99/37677, using amount of a radioisotope 86Rb ion released from a BEC 1-expressing cell as the index. That is, when an 86Rb ion-incorporated BEC 1-expressing cell was stimulated with 100 mM KCl, the radioactivity released from the cell was used as the channel activity of BEC 1. The 86Rb ions were incorporated into a BEC 1-stably expressing cell by culturing the cell (3 hours, 37° C.) in the presence of 86RbCl (0.5 μCi/ml), and the un-incorporated 86Rb ions were removed by washing three times with HEPES-buffered saline (pH 7.4, 2.5 mM KCl). The cells were incubated with HEPES-buffered saline containing a compound to be tested at room temperature for 15 minutes and then further incubated with 100 mM KCl-containing HEPES-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing the compound to be tested at room temperature for 5 minutes. The extracellular medium was recovered, and then the remaining cells were lysed with 0.1 N NaOH and recovered.
The Cerenkov radioactivity of the extracellular medium and cell lysate was respectively measured, and their total was used as the total radioactivity. The released amount of 86Rb ions was expressed by the percentage of extracellular medium radioactivity based on the total radioactivity. The value obtained in the presence of the compound was used as a test value, and the value obtained in the absence of the compound as a control value and the value obtained when not stimulated with 100 mM KCl as a blank value. Inhibitory action of each compound was expressed by % inhibition, namely (control value−test value)×100/(control value−blank value), or by an IC50 value calculated from the % inhibition. As the test results of typical compounds are shown in the following Tables 2 and 3, it was confirmed that said compounds have the BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory action.
In this connection, as the BEC 1-expressing cell, a BEC 1-stably expressing cell prepared in accordance with the method described in WO 99/37677 using a dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)-deficient strain of a Chinese hamster ovary cell was used.
Evaluation of BEC 1 Current Inhibitory Activity by a Compound Using an Electrophysiological Technique
BEC 1-expressing cells were voltage-clamped and whole-cell current was recorded by the whole-cell voltage-clamp method. A solution containing 140 mM NaCl, 5.4 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 0.8 mM MgCl2, 15 mM glucose and 10 mM HEPES (pH=7.4 by adding NaOH) was used as the extracellular solution, and a solution containing 125 mM KCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 2 mM MgCl2, 11 mM EGTA and 10 mM HEPES (pH=7.2 by adding KOH) was used as the intracellular solution (patch electrode solution).
A continuous outward current is induced by depolarizing the membrane potential from −90 mV to 0 mV. By comparing amplitude of this outward current in the absence of an agent (control value) with the current amplitude at the time of the administration of a compound to be tested (test value), % inhibition [(test value/control value)×100] was calculated.
Test Results
As a result, in the case of the compound of Invention Example 13, it showed 50% or more of inhibition at a concentration of 1 μM.
Preparation of Transgenic Mouse
<Construction of Transgene for BEC 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mouse Preparation>
The transgene for production of a transgenic mouse overexpressing BEC 1 having the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO:2 comprises a gene in which a BEC 1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1) with a 5′ intron and poly(A) addition signal is linked to a downstream of the promoter region of α-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II gene. The promoter region of α-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II was obtained as two fragments having a mutually overlapping region, by PCR using a C57BL/6 mouse genomic DNA as the template. The C57BL/6 mouse genomic DNA was purified from a blood sample of the same mouse using a genomic DNA extraction kit (QIAamp DNA Blood Midi Kit, mfd. by QIAGEN). Primers were designed based on the sequence registered in a gene data base GenBank (Accession No. AJ222796). A gene fragment of 4.6 kb was obtained using an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:3 as the forward primer and using an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:4 as the reverse primer. An AatII recognition sequence is added to the 5′ terminal side of the aforementioned forward primer. In addition, a gene fragment of 3.7 kb was obtained using an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:5 as the forward primer and using an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:6 as the reverse primer. A SalI recognition sequence is added to the 5′ terminal side of the aforementioned reverse primer. Each PCR was carried out using a DNA polymerase (Pfu Turbo, mfd. by Stratagene) by employing a thermal denaturation at 99° C. (1 minute) and subsequent repetition of 45 cycles each comprising 99° C. (15 seconds), 58° C. (15 seconds) and 75° C. (10 minutes), or a thermal denaturation at 95° C. (1 minute) and subsequent repetition of 40 cycles each comprising 95° C. (15 seconds), 62° C. (15 seconds) and 75° C. (8 minutes), and the thus obtained gene fragment was cloned into a cloning vector (pCR-XL-TOPO plasmid, mfd. by Invitrogen). An endogenous XmaI recognizing sequence is present in the overlapping region of the 4.6 kb fragment and 3.7 kb fragment. The 4.6 kb fragment was digested with restriction enzymes AatII and XmaI, and the 3.7 kb fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XmaI and SalI. The thus obtained respective fragments were ligated and cloned into a plasmid pUC18 (mfd. by Toyobo) making use of the AatII and SalI recognition sequences. The α-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II promoter region of interest was obtained by the above operation.
On the other hand, the BEC 1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1) was obtained as a fragment containing a 5′ intron and poly(A) addition signal by PCR using a potassium channel expression vector pME-E1 (described in WO 99/37677) as the template. An oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:7 was designed as the forward primer, and an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:8 as the reverse primer, respectively from the upstream sequence of 5′ intron and downstream sequence of poly(A) addition signal.
A SalI recognition sequence was added to the aforementioned forward primer, and KpnI and NotI recognizing sequences to the reverse primer. PCR was carried out using a DNA polymerase (Pfu Turbo, mfd. by Stratagene) by employing a thermal denaturation at 96° C. (1 minute) and subsequent repetition of 30 cycles each comprising 96° C. (15 seconds), 60° C. (15 seconds) and 75° C. (8 minutes). The thus obtained 3.7 kb fragment was cloned into a cloning vector (pCR-XL-TOPO plasmid, mfd. by Invitrogen). This fragment was subcloned into a plasmid pUC18 (mfd. by Toyobo) making use of the SpeI recognition sequence and KpnI recognition sequence, and the aforementioned α-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II promoter region was further subcloned into its upstream making use of the AatII recognition sequence and SalI recognition sequence. A plasmid (named pCM-E1 plasmid) having a transgene (12 kb) for use in the preparation of a BEC 1-overexpressing transgenic mouse was finally obtained by the above operation.
<Preparation and Identification of BEC 1 Over-Expression Transgenic Mouse>
The transgene (12 kb) for production of a BEC-overexpressing transgenic mouse was cut out from pCM-E1 using restriction enzymes AatII and NotI and then isolated and purified. The thus obtained gene was micro-injected into 283 fertilized eggs of F1 hybrid mice of C57BL/6 and DBA2 mice, and then the resulting fertilized eggs were transplanted into oviducts of ICR foster mother mice (Hogan, B. et al. (1986), Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual, Plainview, N.Y.; Cold Harbor Press). The pregnant mice were allowed to undergo spontaneous delivery, and the thus obtained 81 offspring mice were subjected to the identification of transgenic mice.
In order to identify transgenic mice, PCR was carried out using genomic DNA isolated from the tail of each offspring mouse as the template. The genomic DNA was purified from the tail of each mouse using a genomic DNA extraction kit (MagExtractor—Genome—, mfd. by Toyobo). When an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:9 is designed as the forward primer, and an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:10 as the reverse primer, from the BEC 1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1), and PCR is carried out using them, a 245 bp fragment is amplified from the transgene, and a 338 bp fragment containing 93 bp intron of mouse BEC 1 from the mouse genomic DNA. PCR was carried out on the thus obtained baby-mouse genomic DNA preparations using these priers.
PCR was carried out using a DNA polymerase (AmpliTaq, mfd. by Roche) by employing a thermal denaturation at 94° C. (1 minute) and subsequent repetition of 35 cycles each comprising 94° C. (15 seconds), 60° C. (15 seconds) and 72° C. (30 seconds). As a result, it was identified that 16 of the 81 baby mice are transgenic mice.
<Determination of BEC 1 mRNA>
In order to confirm that the introduced gene is actually functioning and BEC 1 mRNA is over-expressing, expression of BEC 1 mRNA in the brain of transgenic mouse was analyzed. In order to obtain F1 mice for brain extraction use, 11 animals among the 16 transgenic mice were crossed with C57BL/6 mice. As a result, transfer of the transgene to F1 mice was confirmed in 5 transgenic mice. The fore-brain and cerebellum were sampled from each of the thus obtained F1 transgenic mice (4-week-old) to isolate respective RNA.
Each RNA was digested with a DNase (mfd. by Promega) for the purpose of preventing contamination of genomic DNA. The number of copies of BEC 1 mRNA in the thus obtained RNA was determined by a real time PCR using PRISM 7700 (mfd. by ABI) and a fluorescence reagent SYBR Green (mfd. by Molecular Probe). A single-stranded cDNA synthesized from each RNA using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction kit (Advantage RT-for-PCR Kit, mfd. by Clontech) was used as the template of the real time PCR. An oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:11 was designed as the forward primer, and an oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:12 as the reverse primer, from a sequence common to the transgene, human BEC 1, and rat and mouse BEC 1.
As a result of the real time PCR, over-expression of fore-brain-selective BEC 1 mRNA about 10 times larger than that of wild type was found in 3 lines (# 6-5, # 7-7 and # 9-5) among the 5 lines of transgenic mice. By selecting the line # 9-5, expressed amounts of BEC 1 mRNA in respective regions of the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, mid-brain, brain stem, cerebellum) of wild type mouse were compared with those of the transgenic mouse. As a result, it was confirmed that the BEC 1 mRNA over-expression in the transgenic mouse is significant in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and corpus striatum in which the expression was also found in the wild type.
<Analysis of Learning and Memory of BEC 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mouse in a Morris Water Maze>
In order to analyze action of BEC 1 over-expression upon cognition, learning and memory of # 9-5 line transgenic mice and that of wild type mice in a Morris water maze were compared.
Male 10-week-old transgenic mice (12 animals) and wild type mice (15 animals) were used. A circular pool of 100 cm in diameter was filled with water which had been clouded using paints, and a circular platform of 10 cm in diameter was arranged at a position of 5 mm below the water. Room temperature and water temperature at the time of the test was 23° C. Swimming pattern of each mouse put into the pool was recorded and analyzed by a water maze image analyzer (NIH image, mfd. by O'Hara & CO.), and the escape latency to the platform and the time spent in each quadrant of the pool were measured. Maximum trial duration was 70 seconds, and the training was carried out 3 trials per day for 5 days. The escape latency to the platform on the first day of the training was almost the same value in both groups, but the escape latency was prolonged in the transgenic mice than the wild type mice on and after the 3rd day of the start of the training. On the final day of the training, the escape latency to the platform (average value±standard deviation) became 6.9±1.0 seconds in the wild type and 18.1±6.4 seconds in the transgenic mice, thus showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05: two-way layout analysis of variance).
After completion of the training, each mouse received a single 40 seconds test with the platform had been removed, and the time of the mouse spend in the platform-existed quadrant was measured. As a result, the time spend in the platform-existed quadrant of transgenic mice was significantly shorter than that of the wild type (p<0.01: Student's t test).
The above results show that learning and memory on the platform position are reduced in the transgenic mice.
<Analysis of Learning and Memory of BEC 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mouse in a Passive Evasion Test>
Female # 9-5 line transgenic mice (6 animals) and wild type mice (8 animals), 8-week-old, were used. Each mouse was put into the light compartment of a light and dark test apparatus for mice (mfd. by O'Hara & CO.), and a 60 V shock for 2 seconds was applied to the mouse when it entered the dark compartment. The mouse was again put into the light compartment 24 hours thereafter, and the entry latency into the dark compartment at this time was measured.
As a result, the entry latency of the transgenic mice was 167 seconds (median value) which was significantly short compared to the 600 seconds (median value) of the wild type mice (p<0.05: Wilecoxon rank sum test).
It was shown that the ability to learn the dark compartment-related electric shock is reduced in the transgenic mice.
Electricity Chorea Shock (ECS)-Induced Learning Disorder (Mouse Passive Evasion Reaction Test)
The evaluation was carried out in the following manner with reference to a report (Eur. J. Pharmacology, 321; 273-278, 1997).
Animals; Male ddy mice (SLC, five weeks of age at the time of the training) were used. Arranged into 31 or 32 animals per group.
<Test Procedure>
Drug Preparation
A compound to be evaluated was suspended in a solution prepared by dissolving methyl cellulose in physiological saline to a concentration of 0.5% (hereinafter, 0.5% methyl cellulose solution). The administration volume was set to 10 ml per 1 kg body weight. As a placebo of the compound to be evaluated, 10 ml of the 0.5% methyl cellulose solution per 1 kg body weight (hereinafter, vehicle) was administered.
Training
(1) Mice were allowed to stand in a laboratory for 1 hour or more on the first day of the test.
(2) Each mouse was put into the light compartment of a passive avoidance task apparatus and allowed to stand for 30 seconds. Thereafter, the Guillotine door was opened. When the mouse received an electric shock (intensity 60 V, delay 1 sec, duration 3 sec) by entering into the dark compartment and then returned into the light compartment, the Guillotine door was closed to let the mouse to stand for 30 seconds in the light compartment.
(3) The mouse was removed and attached with a cornea electrode quickly (within 1 minute), and then an electroconvulsive shock (ECS, 50 Hz, interval 20 ms, duration 10 ms, amplitude 20 mA, gate 1 sec) was applied.
(4) The compound was administered intraperitoneally.
(5) Returned to the home cage.
(6) After completion of the training, allowed to stand in the laboratory for 60 minutes or more and then returned to the rearing room.
Test (24 Hours After the Training)
(1) Animals were allowed to stand in a laboratory for 1 hour or more.
(2) Each mouse was put into the light compartment and allowed to stand for 30 seconds, and then the Guillotine door was opened.
(3) A period of time until the mouse crossed a sensor in the dark compartment after opening the Guillotine door (step-through latency) was recorded. The maximum measuring time was set to 600 seconds.
(4) The step-through latency was employed as the index of the formation of learning. Effect of the compound on ECS-induced amnesia was evaluated by comparison between a step-through latency of (ECS+vehicle administration) group and a that of (ECS+evaluation compound administration) group. Data were analyzed using two-tailed steel test. P<0.05 was considered significant. When the compound described in Invention Example 744 was intraperitoneally administered, its minimum effective dose was 3 mg/kg.
As a result of the above, it was confirmed that the compound described in Invention Example 744 as a typical compound has the BEC 1 potassium channel inhibitory activity and shows the improving effect on electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced amnesia in the mouse passive avoidance task.
1H-NMR: 4.64(2H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 5.50-5.60(1H, m), 6.93(2H, s), 7.02-
1H-NMR: 4.75(2H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.04-7.20(2H, m), 7.23-7.42(4H, m),
1H-NMR: 4.75(2H, d, J=5.9 Hz), 7.04(2H, t, J=7.5 Hz), 7.14-7.16(2H, m),
1H-NMR: 4.63(2H, s), 6.98-7.40(8H, m), 7.45-7.60(2H, m), 7.61-7.78
1H-NMR: 4.61(2H, s), 7.02-7.19(2H, m), 7.26(2H, t, J=7.4 Hz), 7.26-9.80
1H-NMR: 4.60(2H, brs), 7.05-7.10(2H, m), 7.25-7.43(8H, m), 7.53-7.75
1H-NMR: 4.57(2H, brs), 7.09-7.22(4H, m), 7.25-7.50(6H, m), 7.52-7.75
1H-NMR: 2.93(2H, t, J=7 Hz), 3.69-3.74(2H, m), 5.10(1H, brs), 6.79(1H,
1H-NMR: 0.91(3H, t, J=7 Hz), 1.31-1.40(4H, m), 1.56-1.63(2H, m), 3.41
1H-NMR: 0.26-0.32(2H, m), 0.44-0.54(2H, m), 1.04-1.16(1H, m), 3.22-
1H-NMR: 3.25(1H, s), 4.16(2H, s), 7.05-7.17(2H, m), 7.28-7.40(4H, m),
1H-NMR: 3.39(3H, s), 3.59(2H, t, J=4.3), 3.63-3.67(2H, m), 6.18(1H,
1H-NMR: 1.76-1.87(2H, m), 3.25(3H, s), 3.37-3.45(4H, m), 7.05-7.20
1H-NMR: 1.69-1.79(2H, m), 3.38-3.55(4H, m), 7.07-7.20(2H, m), 7.26-
1H-NMR: 1.42-1.49(2H, m), 1.58-1.67(6H, m), 3.40-3.46(2H, m), 3.65
1H-NMR: 3.46-3.62(8H, m), 7.09-7.17(2H, m), 7.30-7.40(4H, m), 7.60-
1H-NMR: 4.80(2H, s), 6.98-7.30(6H, m), 7.31-7.95(6H, m), 8.03(2H, d,
1H-NMR: 4.62-4.84(2H, m), 4.05-7.28(4H, m), 7.33-7.83(4H, m), 8.06
1H-NMR: 4.88(2H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 7.00-7.29(4H, m), 7.30-7.98(6H, m),
1H-NMR: 4.57(2H, brs), 7.08-7.31(5H, m), 7.32-7.42(4H, m), 7.46-
1H-NMR: 4.54(2H, brs), 7.08-7.26(6H, m), 7.32-7.48(2H, m),7.50-
1H-NMR: 1.21(6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 3.97-4.33(1H, m), 7.10-7.30(4H, m),
1H-NMR:0.88(3H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 1.20-1.40(4H, m), 1.45-
1H-NMR: 0.20-0.36(2H, m), 0.40-0.57(2H, m), 0.98-1.21(1H, m),
1H-NMR:3.29(3H, s), 3.48-3.56(4H, m), 7.11-7.26(4H, m), 7.46-
1H-NMR: 1.29-1.40(2H, m), 1.40-1.50(2H, m), 1.51-1.63(2H, m),
1H-NMR: 3.40-3.67(8H, m), 7.10-7.28(4H, m), 7.36-7.90(4H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.21(6H, d, J=5.8Hz), 3.75(6H, s), 6.77-7.05(4H, m), 7.30-
1H-NMR: 1.23(6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 3.74(6H, s), 4.10-4.23(1H, m), 6.64-
1H-NMR: 1.22(6H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 4.14-4.26(1H, m), 7.48(1H, d, J=7.8 Hz),
1H-NMR: 1.20(6H, d, J=6.9 Hz), 4.12-4.23(1H, m), 7.23(1H, d, J=7.9 Hz),
1H-NMR: 1.20(6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 4.11-4.24(1H, m), 7.36(1H, d, J=8.3 Hz),
1H-NMR: 1.22(6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 4.02-4.28(1H, m), 7.07-7.27(3H, m), 7.29-7.45(2H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.22(6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 4.00-4.30(1H, m), 7.08-7.23(1H, m), 7.32-7.47(4H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.22(6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 2.30(3H, s), 4.00-4.32(1H, m), 7.06-7.26(3H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.22(6H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 3.76(3H, s), 4.00-4.25(1H, m), 6.85-7.05(2H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.24(6H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 4.06-4.26(1H, m), 7.07-7.22(1H, m), 7.32-7.45(2H, m),
1H-NMR: 1.23(6H, d, J=6.3 Hz), 2.31(3H, s), 4.00-4.30(1H, m), 6.88-7.05(1H, m),
Compound of Example 41
DATA
1 HCl
m.p.: 184-186 1H-NMR: 1.20 (6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 3.85-4.40 (1H, m), 6.02 (4H, s), 6.77-7.07 (4H, m), 7.10-7.55 (2H, m), 8.55 (1H, brs), 9.85-10.85 (2H, m)/DMSO-d6
1H-NMR: 3.78 (3H, s), 7.05-7.28 (3H, m), 7.28-7.43 (2H, m), 7.67 (4H, brs),
1H-NMR: 1.32 (3H, t, J=6.9 Hz), 4.01 (2H, q, J=6.9 Hz), 7.06-7.26 (3H, m),
1H-NMR: 2.64 (6H, s), 7.10-7.30 (3H, m), 7.30-7.46 (2H, m), 7.52 (2H, brs),
1H-NMR: 0.91 (3H, brs), 1.23-1.40 (2H, m), 1.60-1.77 (2H, m), 3.76 (2H,
1H-NMR: 3.74 (1H, t, J=5.4 Hz), 3.86 (4H, brs), 7.05-7.28 (3H, m), 7.28-7.45
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-028844 | Feb 2002 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP03/01065 | 2/3/2003 | WO | 00 | 8/5/2004 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO03/066099 | 8/14/2003 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060194803 A1 | Aug 2006 | US |
