Numerous means have been sought to improve the fuel-efficiency of moving bodies and, especially, moving bluff bodies by reducing their aerodynamic drag. In the field of surface transportation, and particularly in the long-haul trucking industry, even small improvements in fuel efficiency can reduce annual operating costs significantly. It is therefore advantageous in the design of a vehicle to reduce drag forces, thereby increasing the aerodynamic properties and efficiency of the vehicle.
The over-the-highway cargo-hauling tractor-trailer combination is one vehicle that experiences excessive aerodynamic drag. Generally described, tractor-trailer combinations typically include a tractor having a so-called fifth wheel by which a box-like semi-trailer may be attached to the tractor by an articulated connection for transportation of the cargo trailer. The shape of the conventional cargo trailer is essentially a rectangular box having a flat, rectangular roof and matching floor, along with flat, rectangular side panels. The fore and aft vertical surfaces of such trailers are also generally flat rectangular surfaces. The aft section of the trailer is supportably mounted on one or more wheel assemblies. Most large long-haul cargo trailers similar to those described above exhibit less than optimal aerodynamic performance during highway operation.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one embodiment, a vehicle includes a cab including a front, a trailer located behind the cab, and a roof fairing located on a roof of the cab. The trailer includes a top leading edge, a front surface below the top leading edge, and a top surface behind the top leading edge. The roof fairing includes a front portion and a top portion and a characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion is selected such that the air flow passing across the front of the cab passes over the front portion and the top portion and is directed onto the top surface of the trailer beyond the top leading edge.
In one example the characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion includes one or more of an angle of the front portion, an angle of the top portion, an angle between the front portion and the top portion, or a radius between the front portion and the top portion. In another example, the characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion is further selected based on a height difference between a trailing edge of the top portion and the top leading edge. In another example, the characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion is selected based on a gap between a trailing edge of the top portion and the top leading edge.
In another example, the front portion has an angle that is based on the front of the cab. In another example, the front of the cab includes a windshield. In another example, the roof fairing includes a central panel, a first side panel, and a second side panel, and wherein the central panel includes the front portion and the top portion. In another example, the first side panel includes an extension portion. In another example, the vehicle further includes a side fairing, and wherein the side fairing has a profile similar to a profile of the extended portion. In another example, the side fairing is configured to direct an airflow along a side of the cab onto a side surface of the trailer such that the airflow along the side of the cab does not impinge on the front surface of the trailer.
In another embodiment, a cab roof fairing assembly includes a central panel, a first side panel, and a second side panel. The central panel is contoured to form a front portion and a top portion, and the central panel includes a first side edge and a second side edge. The first side panel includes a third side edge and the first side panel is coupled to the central panel such that the first side edge of the central panel is aligned with the third side edge of the first side panel. The second side panel includes a fourth side edge and the second side panel is coupled to the central panel such that the second side edge of the central panel is aligned with the fourth side edge of the second side panel. When the cab roof fairing assembly is mounted on a cab of a vehicle and the vehicle includes a trailer that has a top leading edge and a top surface behind the top leading edge, the front portion and the top portion are arranged to direct air passing up from the cab toward the top surface of the trailer beyond the top leading edge.
In one example, the cab roof fairing assembly further includes an inner ridge extending from the front portion to the top portion of the central panel. In another example, the cab roof fairing assembly further includes a first outer ridge extending from the front portion to the top portion of the central panel and a second outer ridge extending from the front portion to the top portion of the central panel, where the first outer ridge is located between the inner ridge and the first side edge and the second outer ridge is located between the inner ridge and the second side edge. In another example, the central panel includes a first shoulder portion located between the first outer ridge and the first side edge, and wherein the central panel includes a second shoulder portion located between the second outer ridge and the second side edge.
In another example, the first side panel includes a depressed portion. In another example, the first depressed portion extends to and is flush with a back edge of the first side panel. In another example, an angle between the front portion of the central panel and the top portion of the central panel is in a range from about 115° to about 120°. In another example, a radius between the front portion of the central panel and the top portion of the central panel is in a range from about 15 inches to about 19 inches. In another example, the first side panel includes an extended portion and the extended portion extends further away from the top portion of the central panel than the front portion extends away from the top portion.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of disclosed subject matter will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings where like numerals reference like elements is intended as a description of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter and is not intended to represent the only embodiments. Each embodiment described in this disclosure is provided merely as an example or illustration and should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The illustrative examples provided herein are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimed subject matter to the precise forms disclosed.
The following discussion provides examples of systems and methods for improving the aerodynamic efficiency (e.g., reduce drag) of vehicles, such as class 8 tractor-trailer combinations. To improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the combination, examples described herein provide a three-piece cab roof fairing positioned on the cab in front of the fore section of the trailer. In some examples described herein, the three-piece cab roof fairing is positioned to direct, around the trailer, air that is coming up the cab and air passing immediately above the cab. In use, the three-piece cab roof fairing improves air flow above the cab and in front of the trailer, thereby reducing drag.
Although embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to a semi-truck or tractor, one skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that the disclosed embodiments are illustrative in nature, and therefore, should not be construed as limited to applications with a semi-truck or tractor. It should therefore be apparent that the methods and systems of the present disclosure have wide application, and may be used in any situation where a reduction in the drag forces on a bluff body is desirable.
For the purposes of this detailed description, the terms “about,” “approximately,” etc., shall mean plus or minus 5% of the stated value or condition. It should be noted that for purposes of this disclosure, terminology such as “upper,” “lower,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “fore,” “aft,” “inner,” “outer,” etc., should be construed as descriptive and not limiting the scope of the present invention, as claimed.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that many embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some or all of the specific details. Further, it will be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure may employ any combination of features described herein.
The roof fairing 100 includes a central panel 102, a right side panel 104, and a left side panel 106. In one example, the central panel 102, the right side panel 104, and the left side panel 106 are made from a material that includes a metallic material (e.g., aluminum), a composite material (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced polymers), a plastic material (e.g., polyvinyl chloride), or any combination thereof. When assembled to form the roof fairing 100, the central panel 102, the right side panel 104, and the left side panel 106 are coupled together. In one example, the central panel 102, the right side panel 104, and the left side panel 106 are coupled by mechanical fasteners, such as bolts, rivets, and the like.
The central panel 102 is contoured to form a front portion 108 and a top portion 110. The central panel 102 includes a right side edge 112 and a left side edge 114. As shown in
In one embodiment, a characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion is selected such that, when the roof fairing 100 is installed on a cab with a trailer, the roof fairing 100 produces a particular aerodynamic effect. In one example, the characteristic of one or more of the front portion or the top portion includes one or more of the angle θ1, the angle θ2, the angle θ3, or the radius R. In one example, as discussed in greater detail below, one or more of the angle θ1, the angle θ2, the angle θ3, or the radius R is selected such that air passing up from the cab is directed over a leading edge of the trailer.
The right side panel 104 includes a depressed portion 116, a side edge 118, and a back edge 120. When the right side panel 104 is coupled to the central panel 102, the right side edge 112 of the central panel 102 is aligned with the side edge 118 of the right side panel 104. The depressed portion 116 is configured such that air passing by the right side panel 104 toward the back edge 120 is directed away from the right side panel 104.
The left side panel 106 includes a depressed portion 122, a side edge 124, and a back edge 126. When the left side panel 106 is coupled to the central panel 102, the left side edge 114 of the central panel 102 is aligned with the side edge 124 of the left side panel 106. The depressed portion 122 is configured such that air passing by the left side panel 106 toward the back edge 126 is directed away from the left side panel 106.
In the particular embodiment shown in
In one embodiment, the depressed portion 116 of the right side panel 104 is located in a central portion 138 of the right side panel 104. In the particular embodiment shown in
In one embodiment, the right side panel 104 includes an extended portion 142. The extended portion 142 extends further away from the top portion 110 of the central panel 102 than the front portion 108 extends away from the top portion 110. The extended portion 142 can be contoured in similar manner to one or more of a portion of the cab, a portion of the trailer, or another feature, such that aerodynamic drag is further reduced when the roof fairing 100 is installed on the cab with the trailer. In another embodiment, the left side panel 106 includes an extended portion 144. The extended portion 144 extends further away from the top portion 110 of the central panel 102 than the front portion 108 extends away from the top portion 110. The extended portion 144 can be contoured in similar manner to one or more of a portion of the cab, a portion of the trailer, or another feature, such that aerodynamic drag is further reduced when the roof fairing 100 is installed on the cab with the trailer.
In one embodiment, the right side panel 104 also includes an overlap portion 146 that extends from the side edge 118. When the right side panel 104 is coupled to the central panel 102, the overlap portion 146 overlaps the central panel 102 near the right side edge 112. In one example, one or both of the overlap portion 146 or the central panel 102 near the right side edge 112 includes one or more holes (e.g., circular holes, slots, etc.) that can be used to couple the right side panel 104 to the central panel 102. Mechanical fasteners can be placed through such holes to couple the right side panel 104 to the central panel 102. In another embodiment, the left side panel 106 also includes an overlap portion 148 that extends from the side edge 124. When the left side panel 106 is coupled to the central panel 102, the overlap portion 148 overlaps the central panel 102 near the left side edge 114. In one example, one or both of the overlap portion 148 or the central panel 102 near the left side edge 114 includes one or more holes (e.g., circular holes, slots, etc.) that can be used to couple the left side panel 106 to the central panel 102. Mechanical fasteners can be placed through such holes to couple the left side panel 106 to the central panel 102.
As is visible in
The roof fairing 200 installed on the cab 262 increases the aerodynamic efficiency of the vehicle 200. As the vehicle 200 moves forward, air will pass up the front 266 of the cab 262 and the air will pass toward the roof fairing 200. The air passing up the front 266 of the cab 262 continues across the front portion 208 and the top portion 210 of the roof fairing 200. In one embodiment, one or more of an angle of the front portion 208, an angle of the top portion 210, an angle between the front portion 208 and the top portion 210, or a radius between the front portion 208 and the top portion 210 is selected such that the air flow passing across the front portion 208 and the top portion 210 is directed onto the top surface 272 of the trailer 264 and not toward the front surface 270. In one example, the one or more of the angle of the front portion 208, the angle of the top portion 210, the angle between the front portion 208 and the top portion 210, or the radius between the front portion 208 and the top portion 210 is selected based on one or more of the gap G and the height difference H. In some embodiments, such as in an embodiment of a sleeper cab with a sleeper compartment, the expected gap G can be in a range from about 42 inches to about 43 inches. In other embodiments, such as in an embodiment of a day cab without a sleeper compartment, the expected gap G can be in a range from about 48 inches to about 50 inches. In another embodiment, the point at which the trailer 264 is coupled to the cab 262 can vary such that the expended gap is in a range that is less than or equal to about 59 inches.
In the embodiment shown in
In
Airflow directed at the front surface 370 and/or the top leading edge 368 causes aerodynamic drag on the vehicle 360. Airflow directed at the top surface 372 of the trailer 364 results in some separation near the top leading edge 368, which results in aerodynamic drag on the vehicle 360. However, in general, the aerodynamic drag from airflow directed at the front surface 370 and/or the top leading edge 368 is worse than aerodynamic drag from airflow directed at the top surface 372 of the trailer 364. In some instances, the aerodynamic drag from airflow directed at the front surface 370 and/or the top leading edge 368 is ten times worse than the aerodynamic drag from airflow directed at the top surface 372 of the trailer 364. Thus, in some embodiments, a front portion and a top portion of a center panel are configured such that airflow over the front portion and the top portion is directed to the trailer beyond the top leading edge of the trailer.
In
Various principles, representative embodiments, and modes of operation of the present disclosure have been described in the foregoing description. However, aspects of the present disclosure which are intended to be protected are not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. Further, the embodiments described herein are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. It will be appreciated that variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes, and equivalents fall within the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 29/530,906, entitled “CAB ROOF FAIRING,” U.S. application Ser. No. 29/530,908, entitled “CENTER PANEL OF ROOF FAIRING,” and U.S. application Ser. No. 29/530,910, entitled “SIDE PANEL OF ROOF FAIRING,” all filed on even date herewith, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.