4-(4-imidazolyl) piperidines substituted at position 1, their preparation and also their therapeutic applications

Abstract

The compounds correspond to the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group --COR.sub.2, in which R.sub.2 represents a benzene ring, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl or cyclohexylethyl groups or cyclopentylamine, cyclohexylamine or phenylamine, chlorophenylamine or dichlorophenylamine groups; R represents a hydrogen atom or a group COR.sub.3, in which R.sub.3 represents an aliphatic group, a cyclane or benzene ring-system, a group a group (CH.sub.2).sup.m R.sub.4, a group --CH.dbd.CHR.sub.8 or a secondary amine group --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.g ; R also represents a hydroxyalkenyl group: ##STR2##

Description

The present invention relates to new 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidines substituted at position 1, to their preparation and also to their therapeutic applications.

The compounds according to the invention correspond to the general formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group --COR.sub.2, in which R.sub.2 represents a benzene ring, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl or cyclohexylethyl groups or cyclopentylamine, cyclohexylamine or phenylamine, chlorophenylamine or dichlorophenylamine groups; R represents a hydrogen atom or a group COR.sub.3, in which R.sub.3 represents

(a) a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 1 to 11, and in particular 1 to 9, carbon atoms, (b) a cyclane ring-system such as cyclopropane, phenylcyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, norbornane, adamantane, noradamantane, chlorooxonorbornane, chloroethylenedioxynorbornane, bromoethylenedioxynorbornane and the anhydride group of hydroxycarboxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid, (c) a benzene ring, unsubstituted or substituted at the para-position with a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, as well as with a halogen, (d) a group (CH.sub.2).sup.m R.sub.4, in which m is a number between 1 and 10, and R.sub.4 represents a cyclane ring system such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, norbornane, noradamantane, adamantane and 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptene; a benzene ring, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group; a thiophene ring grafted via its ring-position 2 or its ring-position 3; a carboxylic acid ester group COOR.sub.5, in which R.sub.5 is a cyclane ring-system such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane; a carboxylic acid amide group of structure CONHR.sub.6, in which R.sub.6 represents a cyclane ring-system such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane; a carboxylic acid amide group of structure ##STR4## in which the group ##STR5## represents pyrrolidine, piperidine or 2,6-dimethylmorpholine; or an ether group --O--R.sub.7, it being possible for R.sub.7 to be a benzene ring, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with a chlorine or fluorine atom or disubstituted with a chlorine atom and with a methyl group; (e) a group --CH.dbd.CHR.sub.8, in which R.sub.8 represents a cyclane ring-system such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, norbornane or norbornene; (f) a secondary amine group --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.9, in which n is a number between 1 and 5 and R.sub.9 constitutes a cyclane ring-system such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane, or a benzene ring, unsubstituted, monosubstituted with a fluorine or chlorine atom or with a methoxy group or trisubstituted with methoxy groups; R also represents a hydroxyalkenyl group ##STR6## in which p is a number between 2 and 9 and R.sub.10, represents a benzene ring or a phenoxy group; as well as a group CSNH(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.9 in which n is a number between 1 and 5 and R.sub.9 has the meaning stated above.

The compounds of formula I according to the invention in which R, denotes hydrogen and R has the meaning stated above are prepared by the reaction of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine of formula ##STR7##

a) with an acid chloride R.sub.3 COCl or a mixed anhydride such as R.sub.3 CO.sub.2 CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5 when it is desired to obtain amides of general formula ##STR8## or

b) when it is desired to prepare ureas of formula IV or thioureas of formula V ##STR9## where n and R.sub.9 have the meaning stated above, with an isocyanate R.sub.9 (CH.sub.2).sub.n NCO, obtained from an acid R.sub.9 (CH.sub.2).sub.n COOH by a modification of the Curtius synthesis, or with an isothiocyanate R.sub.9 (CH.sub.2).sub.n NCS.

The compounds of formula I according to the invention in which R.sub.1 denotes a group COR.sub.2 and R has the meaning stated above are obtained by the reaction of a compound of formula ##STR10## where R has the meaning stated above,

a) with an acid chloride R.sub.2 COCl when it is desired to obtain a compound of formula ##STR11## where R.sub.2 represents a benzene ring or cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl or cyclohexylethyl groups; or

b) with the corresponding isocyanate when it is desired to obtain a compound of formula VII where R.sub.2 represents cyclopentylamine, cyclohexylamine, phenylamine, chlorophenylamine or dichlorophenylamine groups.

The reaction set out under a) is performed, for example, by heating to a temperature of the order of 80.degree. C. in acetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine.

The condensation reaction with the isocyanate or isothiocyanate set out under b) is performed in a manner known per se, under reflux in an apolar solvent such as benzene.

The compounds according to the invention corresponding to the general formula I may be salified with the inorganic acids or organic acids which are commonly used for therapeutic purposes in salt form.

The examples which are given below without implied limitation illustrate the present invention.

Examples 1 to 7 illustrate the preparation of the compounds of general formula I in which R has the meaning stated above and R.sub.1 represents hydrogen.

Examples 8 and 9 describe the general methods of synthesis of the isocyanates and the N-(4-imidazolyl)piperidylureas (compounds of formula IV).

Example 10 illustrates the preparation of a thiourea of formula V.

Examples 11 and 12 illustrate the preparation of the compounds of general formula I in which R has the meaning stated above and R, represents a group COR.sub.2, R.sub.2 having the meaning stated above.

EXAMPLE 1

1-(Norbornylmethylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine (Compound 23)

2.03 g (0.0132 mol) of triethylamine are added dropwise at 0.degree. C. to a solution of 2 g (0.0132 mol) of 2-norbornaneacetic acid in 60 ml of acetonitrile. After 30 minutes' stirring, 1.43 g (0.0132 mol) of ethyl chloroformate are added dropwise in such a way that the temperature remains between 0.degree. C. and 5.degree. C. After 30 minutes' stirring, the solution is poured into 60 ml of acetonitrile and 15 ml of water containing 1.99 g (0.0132 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine. The reaction mixture is heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour. After cooling, the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. The oily residue is taken up in 40 ml of water and then extracted with an ethyl ether/ethyl acetate (60:40) mixture. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil crystallises on adding an ethyl ether/petroleum ether/hexane (20:5:5) mixture. After recrystallisation in an ether/petroleum ether (60:40) mixture, a white powder is obtained.

M.p. 118.degree.-120.degree. C.

Mass=2.2 g

Yield=58% IR spectrum (KBr); main bands; 3120 (NH), 1635 (C=O), 1450, 1310, 1275, 1205, 1030, 990, 870, 770 and 645 cm.sup.-1.

Analysis: C.sub.17 H.sub.25 N.sub.3 O:

Calc %: C: 71.04 H : 8.77 N : 14.62. Found %: C: 71.19 H : 8.63 N : 14.79.

.sup.1 H NMR spectrum (DMSO-d.sub.6): imidazole H2 : 7.50 ppm; imidazole H5 : 6.71 ppm; piperidine and norbornyl H: 4.33, 3.90, 3.43, 2.76, 2.00, 1.26 ppm (in the form of unresolved peaks).

Compounds 1 to 22, 24 to 58 and 62 to 66 (Table I) are obtained in a similar manner to Compound 23.

EXAMPLE 2

1-(Norbornylpropionylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine (Compound 24)

A. 3-(2-Norbornyl)propionic Acid

A solution of 20 g (0.129 mol) of 2-norbornylacetic acid and 3 equivalents of lithium aluminium hydride in 300 ml of anhydrous ether is brought to reflux for 4 hours. After hydrolysis of the solution and when settling has taken place, the ether phase is separated, washed with water, dried and then concentrated under reduced pressure. 14 g (77%) of 2-(2-hydroxymethyl)norbornane are obtained. These 14 g (0.1 mol) of alcohol are dissolved in 60 ml of pyridine at 0.degree. C., and 38.10 g (2 equivalents) of tosyl chloride are added in small portions. The mixture is stirred for 8 h at room temperature. The solution is hydrolysed with 250 ml of ethyl ether. The ether phase is separated after settling has taken place, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil (mass=23 g, yield=78%) is dissolved in 50 ml of DMSO in the presence of 10 g (0.153 mol) of potassium cyanide and brought to 80.degree. C. for 2 h. After extraction of the solution with 500 ml of ethyl ether, 7 g (60%) of 3-(2-norbornyl)propionitrile are obtained.

The 7 g (0.046 mol) of nitrile are heated to reflux in 70 ml of 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. After cooling, the solution is extracted with 70 ml of ether. After separation when settling has taken place, the aqueous phase is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. After extraction with 170 ml of ether, 5 g (64%) of 3-(2-norbornyl)propionic acid are obtained in the form of a pale yellow oil.

B.p. 150.degree. C./5 mm

IR spectrum (KBr):(CO) 1700, main bands at 1410, 1280, 1220 and 930 cm.sup.-

Analysis: C.sub.10 H.sub.15 O.sub.2 : Calculated %: C: 71.39 H : 9.58. Found %: C: 71.42 H : 9.60.

B. 1-(Norbornylpropionylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine

2.03 g (0.0132 mol) of triethylamine are added dropwise at 0.degree. C. to a solution of 2.21 g (0.0132 mol) of the compound obtained under A in 70 ml of acetonitrile. After 30 minutes' stirring, 1.43 g (0.0132 mol) of ethyl chloroformate are added in such a way that the temperature remains between 0.degree. C. and 5.degree. C. After 30 minutes' stirring, the solution is poured into 60 ml of acetonitrile and 15 ml of water containing 1.99 g (0.0132 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine. After being heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour, the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the oily residue is taken up with 20 ml of water and then extracted with 70 ml of ethyl acetate. The residual oil obtained crystallises on adding an ethyl ether/petroleum ether (30:20) mixture. After recrystallisation in an ethyl acetate/ether (30:20) mixture, the compound of the title is obtained in the form of a white powder.

M.p. 158.degree. C.

Mass=2.6 g

Yield=65%

IR spectrum (KBr): (NH) 3130, (CO) 1640 cm.sup.-1.

Analysis: C, H, N.

EXAMPLE 3

1-(1-Hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-buten-1-yl)-4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine (Dihydrochloride) (Compound 59)

2.03 g (0.0132 mol) of triethylamine are added dropwise at 0.degree. C. to a solution of 2.16 g (0.0132 mol) of 4-phenylbutyric acid in 70 ml of acetonitrile. After 30 minutes' stirring, 1.43 g (0.0132 mol) of ethyl chloroformate are added in such a way that the temperature remains between 0.degree. C. and 5.degree. C. After 30 minutes, stirring, the solution is poured into 60 ml of acetonitrile and 15 ml of water containing 1.99 g (0.0132 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine. After being heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour, the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the oily residue is taken up with 20 ml of water and then extracted with 70 ml of ethyl acetate. The residual oil obtained crystallises on adding an ethyl ether/petroleum ether (30:20) mixture. After recrystallisation in an ether/hexane (30:20) mixture a white powder (Compound 42) is obtained.

M.p. 102.degree. C.

Mass=3.2 g

Yield=81%

3.2 g (0.81 mol) of the base obtained (Compound 42) are then added to 20 ml of isopropanol in the presence of 2.1 equivalents of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is drained and washed with 10 ml of isopropyl alcohol and then with 15 ml of ethyl ether. After drying, the precipitate is recrystallised in acetonitrile. The compound of the title is obtained in the form of a white powder.

M.p. 126.degree. C.

Yield=55%

Analysis: C, H, N, Cl. Recrystallisation in acetonitrile (70)+ethyl ether (30).

EXAMPLE 4

1-(1-Hydroxy-11-phenoxy-1-undecen-1-yl)-4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine (dihydrochloride) (Compound 60)

This compound is obtained according to the same synthesis process as compound 59 of Example 3, starting with the base 58 (Table I).

M.p. 115.degree. C.

Yield=55%

Analysis: C, H, N, Cl. Recrystallisation in acetonitrile (7)+ethyl ether (3).

EXAMPLE 5

1-(3-Phenylpropionyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine (Oxalate) (Compound 38)

0.5 (0.0017 mol) of 1-(3-phenylpropionyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine and 1.2 equivalents of oxalic acid dissolved in 35 ml of isopropanol are brought to reflux for 1 h. After cooling, the precipitate obtained is drained,,washed with ethyl ether, dried and recrystallised in acetonitrile. A white powder is obtained.

M.p. 129.degree. C.

Mass=0.59 g

Yield=94%

Analysis (C, H, N).

EXAMPLE 6

1-(Cyclohexylaminocarbonyl-n-pentanoyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine (Compound 54)

A. Adipic acid mono-N-cyclohexylamide

34.8 g (0.2 mol) of adipic acid monoethyl ester are added dropwise and with stirring to 19.8 g (0.2 mol) of cyclohexylamine. The temperature rises to 60.degree. C. The reaction mixture is heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 h. After cooling, the solution is poured into 200 ml of water and then extracted with 300 ml of ethyl ether. The ether phase is stirred into 150 ml of potassium hydrogen carbonate solution. After separation of the ether phase when settling has taken place, the aqueous phase is acidified to pH 1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is drained, washed with water, dried and recrystallised in acetonitrile.

Mass=31 g

M.p. 154.degree. C.

Yield=68%

B. 1-(Cyclohexylaminocarbonyl-n-pentanoyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine

The compound obtained under A yields the compound of the title by applying the same process as that described in Example 2.B.

EXAMPLE 7

1-(Cyclopentenylmethylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine (Compound 61)

2.03 g (0.0132 mol) of triethylamine are added dropwise at 0.degree. C. to a solution of 1.66 g (0.0132 mol) of cyclopenteneacetic acid in 70 ml of acetonitrile. After 30 minutes' stirring, 1.43 g (0.0132 mol) of ethyl chloroformate are added in such a way that the temperature remains between 0.degree. C. and 5.degree. C. After 30 minutes' stirring, the solution is poured into 60 ml of acetonitrile and 15 ml of water containing 1.99 g (0.0132 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine. After being heated to 80.degree. C. for 1 hour, the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure and the oily residue is taken up in 200 ml of water and then extracted with 70 ml of ethyl acetate. The residual oil obtained crystallises on adding an ethyl ether/petroleum ether (3:2) mixture. The compound of the title is obtained in the form of a white powder (recrystallisation in ether/petroleum ether (60:40)).

M.p. 107.degree. C.

Mass=2 g

Yield=58%

IR spectrum (KBr): 3130 (NH), 1640 (CO) cm.sup.-1

Analysis: C, H, N.

EXAMPLE 8

General Method of Synthesis of the Isocyanates (Compounds 67 to 75)

(x mol) of triethylamine are added to (x mol) of acid dissolved in x ml of acetonitrile at 0.degree. C.; after 30 min of contact, (x mol) of ethyl chloroformate is/are added dropwise and the mixture is left stirring at this temperature for 40 min. (x mol) of sodium azide in (x ml) of water are added dropwise in the course of 10 min to the above solution. After 1h of contact, the precipitate is drained and the filtered solution is hydrolysed with 200 ml of cold water and then extracted with 200 ml of ethyl ether. The ether phase is dried over magnesium sulphate and calcium chloride. After evaporation under vacuum at 40.degree. C., the residual oil is taken up with 60 ml of benzene and brought to reflux for 2 h. The benzene solution is washed with water, separated after settling has taken place, dried and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil is distilled under a pressure of 5 mm. The isocyanates obtained (Table II) take the form of oils which are stored under nitrogen and protected from light, since they form symmetrical ureas very rapidly.

EXAMPLE 9

General Method of Synthesis of the N-(4-Imidazolyl)piperidylureas (oxalates) (Compounds 76 to 84 in Table III)

A solution of 2.5 g (0.016 mol) of isocyanate and 2.41 g (0.016 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine in 60 ml of benzene is heated to reflux for 1h 30 min. After cooling of the solution and when settling has taken place, the benzene is separated and the residual oil is taken up in 60 ml of acetone, stirred at 40.degree. C. and then treated with a slight excess of oxalic acid. The mixture is heated to boiling for 35 min. After cooling, the precipitate formed is drained, washed with ethyl ether, dried and recrystallised.

The ureas 76 to 84 described in TABLE III are synthesised in a similar manner.

EXAMPLE 10

4-(1-Phenethylaminocarbothioyl-4-piperidyl)-1H-imidazole (oxalate) (Compound 85)

A solution of 1.63 g (0.01 mol) of phenethyl isothiocyanate in 60 ml of toluene and 1.51 g (0.01 mol) of 4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine is heated to reflux for 1h 30 min. After cooling, the solution is evaporated under reduced pressure and the residual oil obtained is dissolved in 60 ml of isopropanol in the presence of 1.2 equivalents of oxalic acid. After 30 minutes of heating at 80.degree. C., the white precipitate formed is drained, washed with ether and recrystallised in acetonitrile.

M.p. 201.degree. C.

Mass=2.7 g

Yield=67%

Analysis : C.sub.19 H.sub.24 H.sub.4 O.sub.4 S: Calculated %: C : 56.43 ; H : 5.90 ; N : 13.86. Found %: C : 56.55 ; H : 5.91 ; N : 13.90.

EXAMPLE 11

1-(3-Cyclopentylpropionyl)-4-[1-(3-cyclopentylpropionyl)-4-Imidazolyl]piperidine (Compound 86)

1 g (0.0036 mol) of 1-(3-cyclopentylpropionyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine and 0.57 9 (0.0036 mol) of 3-cyclopentylpropionyl chloride in 70 ml of toluene are brought to reflux for 1h in the presence of 2 ml of triethylamine. After cooling, the solution is evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue is taken up with 100 ml of water and then extracted with 200 ml of ethyl ether. The compound of the title is obtained in the form of a white powder (recrystallisation in acetone).

Mass=0.71 g

Yield=50%

IR spectrum (KBr): (CO) 1620, 1650 cm.sup.-1

Analysis: C.sub.24 H.sub.37 N.sub.3 O.sub.2 :

Calculated %: C : 72.15 H : 9.30 N : 10.51. Found %: C : 72.47 H : 9.23 N : 10.97.

Compounds 87 and 88 (Table V) are obtained in a similar manner.

EXAMPLE 12

1-(4-Phenoxybutylryl)-4-[1-(2,4-Dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-4-imidazolyl]piperidine (Compound 92)

1 g (0.00319 mol) of 1-(4-phenoxybutyryl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine and 0.59 g (0.00319 mol) of 2,4-dichlorophenyl isocyanate in 50 ml of toluene are brought to reflux for 2h. The precipitate formed is drained and washed with ethyl ether. The compound of the title is obtained in the form of a white powder (recrystallisation in ethyl acetate).

M.p. 124.degree. C.

Mass=0.51 g

Yield=30%

IR spectrum (KBr): (CO) 1625 and 1640 cm.sup.-1

Analysis: C.sub.25 H.sub.25 N.sub.4 Cl.sub.2 : Calculated %: C : 58.94 ; H : 5.14 N : 10.99 Cl :13.91. Found %: C : 58.96 ; H: 5.20 ; N: 10.87 ; Cl : 14.00.

Compounds 89, 90, 91, 93 and 94 (Table V) are obtained in a similar manner.

The compounds of the above Examples are collated in the following Tables I to V.

TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR12##Comp. Yld RecrystallisationNo R HX M.p. (.degree.C.) (%) Analysis solvent__________________________________________________________________________ 1 CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.5CO (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 86 29 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2) 2 ##STR13## 160 76 C,H,N Ethyl acetate 3 ##STR14## 153 53 C,H,N Ethyl acetate 4 ##STR15## 165 86 C,H,N Ethyl acetate 5 ##STR16## 106 71 C,H,N Ethyl ether 6 ##STR17## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 100 60 C,H,N Ethyl ether 7 ##STR18## 158 50 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2) 8 ##STR19## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 108 57 C,H,N Isopropanol 9 ##STR20## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 167 55 C,H,N Isopropanol10 ##STR21## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 168 45 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)11 ##STR22## 164 40 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)12 ##STR23## 126 60 C,H,N Acetone (4) Ether (1)13 ##STR24## 144 60 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)14 ##STR25## 150 65 C,H,N Acetone (4) Ether (1)15 ##STR26## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 158 40 C,H,N,F Acetone (3) Ether (2)16 ##STR27## 198 55 C,H,N,I Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)17 ##STR28## 151 70 C,H,N Acetonitrile (3) Ether (2)18 ##STR29## 174 80 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (1)19 ##STR30## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 115 20 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)20 ##STR31## 128 60 C,H,N ethyl ether21 ##STR32## 122 41 C,H,N Ethyl ether22 ##STR33## 164 70 C,H,N Acetonitrile23 ##STR34## 118-120 60 C,H,N Ethyl ether24 ##STR35## 158 65 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)25 ##STR36## 118 55 C,H,N Acetone26 ##STR37## 134 30 C,H,N Ethyl ether27 ##STR38## 188 45 C,H,N Ether (1) Ethyl acetate (2)28 ##STR39## 157 20 C,H,N Ether (1) Ethyl acetate (1) Petroleum ether (1)29 ##STR40## 142 30 C,H,N,S Ethyl ether30 ##STR41## 109 10 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)31 ##STR42## 124 10 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (2) Ether (2)32 ##STR43## 116 73 C,H,N Ethyl ether33 ##STR44## 110 68 C,H,N Ethyl ether34 ##STR45## 158 65 C,H,N Ethyl acetate35 ##STR46## 134 30 C,H,N Acetone36 ##STR47## 100 15 C,H,N Ethyl ether37 ##STR48## 121 40 C,H,N Ether (1), Ethyl acetate (2)38 ##STR49## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 129 94 C,H,N Acetonitrile39 ##STR50## 123 63 C,H,N Ether (1) Petroleum ether (1)40 ##STR51## 144 60 C,H,N Ether (1) Petroleum ether (1)41 ##STR52## 146 60 C,H,N Ethyl acetate42 ##STR53## 102 81 C,H,N Ether (3) Hexane (2)43 ##STR54## 103 70 C,H,N,S Ethyl ether44 ##STR55## 103-105 65 C,H,N Ethyl ether45 CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.6 CO 100 45 C,H,N Ethyl ether (4) Petroleum ether (1)46 CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.8 CO 95 55 C,H,N Ethyl ether (4) Petroleum ether (1)47 ##STR56## 102 56 C,H,N Ether (3) Hexane (2)48 ##STR57## 92 65 C,H,N Ether (3), Hexane (1) Petroleum ether (1)49 ##STR58## 120 75 C,H,N Ethyl ether50 ##STR59## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 136 45 C,H,N Isopropanol51 ##STR60## 189 70 C,H,N Ether (1), Ethyl acetate (4)52 ##STR61## 175 20 C,H,N Acetone53 ##STR62## 124 40 C,H,N Ethyl acetate (3) Ether (2)54 ##STR63## 121 35 C,H,N ethyl ether55 ##STR64## 122 20 C,H,N Acetone (4) Ether (1)56 ##STR65## 115 43 C,H,N Ethyl ether57 ##STR66## 155 60 C,H,N Acetonitrile58 ##STR67## 103 45 C,H,N Ethyl ether59 ##STR68## HCl 126 55 C,H,N,Cl Acetonitrile (7) Ethyl ether (3)60 ##STR69## HCl 115 55 C,H,N,Cl Acetonitrile (7) Ethyl ether (3)61 ##STR70## 107 58 C,H,N Ether (6) Petroleum ether (4)65 CO(CH.sub.2).sub.10CH.sub.3 94 22 C,H,N Ether ether hexane 1:164 CO(CH.sub.2).sub.9CH.sub.3 114 48 C,H,N Ethyl ether62 CO(CH.sub.2).sub.4 CH.sub.3 104 61 C,H,N Ethyl ether63 CO(CH.sub.2).sub.7 CH.sub.3 36 52 C,H,N Ethyl ether/ hexane 1:166 ##STR71## (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 118 73 C,H,N Ethyl ether/ethyl acetate__________________________________________________________________________ 1:4 TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________R.sub.9 (CH.sub.2).sub.n NCOR.sub.9 (CH.sub.2).sub.n NCOComp. IRNo R.sub.9 n B.p. (5 mm) (.degree.C.) (NCO) Yld % Analyses__________________________________________________________________________67 ##STR72## 2 150 2190 20 C,H,N68 ##STR73## 2 170 2180 25 C,H,N69 ##STR74## 3 185 2180 30 C,H,N70 ##STR75## 1 190 2190 40 C,H,N71 ##STR76## 2 180 2185 20 C,H,N72 ##STR77## 3 190 2180 20 C,H,N73 ##STR78## 4 195 2180 25 C,H,N74 ##STR79## 2 185 2190 20 C,H,N75 ##STR80## 2 210 2190 20 C,H,N__________________________________________________________________________ TABLE III______________________________________ ##STR81## Re-Comp. M.p. Yld crystallisationNo R.sub.9 n (.degree.C.) % solvent______________________________________76 ##STR82## 2 148 30 Isopropanol77 ##STR83## 2 120 20 Isopropanol78 ##STR84## 3 130 20 Isopropanol79 ##STR85## 1 102 60 Isopropanol80 ##STR86## 2 136 15 Isopropanol: (6) Ethyl ether: (4)81 ##STR87## 2 130 20 Isopropanol: (3) Ethyl ether: (3) Hexane: (4)82 ##STR88## 2 92 15 Isopropanol: (6) Ethyl ether: (4)83 ##STR89## 3 136 15 Isopropanol (6) Ethyl ether (4)84 ##STR90## 4 158 15 Isopropanol______________________________________ TABLE IV______________________________________ ##STR91##Comp. M.p. Yld RecrystallisationNo R.sub.9 n HX (.degree.C.) (%) solvent______________________________________85 ##STR92## 2 (CO.sub.2 H).sub.2 201 67 Acetonitrile______________________________________ TABLE V__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR93##Comp. M.p. Yld RecrystallisationNo R R1 (.degree.C.) (%) Analyse solvent__________________________________________________________________________86 ##STR94## ##STR95## 165 50 C,H,N Acetone87 ##STR96## ##STR97## 142 20 C,H,N Acetonitrile88 ##STR98## ##STR99## 150 50 C,H,N Acetonitrile89 ##STR100## ##STR101## 134 35 C,H,N Acetonitrile90 ##STR102## ##STR103## 167 60 C,H,N Acetone (4) Ethyl ether (1)91 ##STR104## ##STR105## 102 25 C,H,N,Cl Ethyl ether92 ##STR106## ##STR107## 124 30 C,H,N,Cl Ethyl acetate93 ##STR108## ##STR109## 124 60 C,H,N Acetone (4) Ether (1)94 ##STR110## ##STR111## 128 36 C,H,N Ethyl acetate__________________________________________________________________________

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY

The compounds of formula I according to the invention produce in vitro a blockade of the H.sub.3 histaminergic receptors controlling cerebral histamine release and formation, and in vivo an increase in the rate of renewal of cerebral histamine, effects which establish, in particular, a psychotropic action.

The antagonism of the histamine stimulation of the central H.sub.3 receptors was demonstrated by means of the method described by Arrang et al. (Nature, 1983, 302; 832-837). This method employs sections of rat cerebral cortex, and made possible the pharmacological characterisation of the H.sub.3 receptors (Nature, 1987, 327; 117-123).

Exogenous histamine (at a concentration of 1 .mu.M) produces an approximately 50% inhibition of release. This effect is progressively reversed in the presence of H.sub.3 antagonists such as the compounds of the invention, added at increasing concentrations. The concentration of these compounds for which the effect of exogenous histamine is reduced by one half (IC.sub.50) is determined, and the apparent inhibition constant (Ki) is then calculated according to Cheng and Prusoff (Biochem. Pharmacol. 1973, 22, 3099-3108), taking into account the 50% effective concentration of histamine (EC=0.1 .mu.M) . The results are collated in the following Table VI.

TABLE VI______________________________________APPARENT DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS (Ki) OFVARIOUS DERIVATIVES OF THE INVENTION ASHISTAMINE ANTAGONISTS AT RECEPTORS OFRAT BRAIN.COMPOUND No. Ki (nM)______________________________________ 1 488 6313 2020 5923 2338 8443 3548 6559 4760 120.sup.[77 6883 7792 34______________________________________

After intraperitoneal or oral administration to rats at a dose not exceeding 30 mg/kg, the compounds of the invention cause in vivo, an increase in the rate of renewal of cerebral histamine. The latter is estimated either by studying the decrease in the cerebral histamine level after blocking its synthesis (Garbarg et al., Europ. Jr. Pharmacol. 164, 1-11, 1989) or by studying the increase in the level of the histamine catabolite telemethylhistamine (Garbarg et al., J. Neurochem. 53, 1924-1730, 1989).

This property of being systemically active H.sub.3 antagonists makes the compounds of the invention useful derivatives in human and veterinary medicine. Their therapeutic applications relate, in particular, to the central nervous system.

The present invention hence also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which contain the compounds of formula I as an active principle.

The pharmaceutical composition according to the invention may be administered to man orally, perlingually, nasally, rectally and parenterally, the active principle being combined with a suitable therapeutic excipient or vehicle.

Each single-dose preparation advantageously contains from 0.5 mg to 100 mg of active principle, it being possible for the doses which can be administered daily to vary from 0.5 mg to 200 mg of active principle.

Claims

1. Compounds corresponding to the general formula ##STR112## in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group --COR.sub.2, in which R.sub.2 represents a phenyl group, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl or cyclohexylethyl groups or cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino, or phenylamino, chlorophenylamino or dichlorophenylamino groups; R represents a hydrogen atom or a group COR.sub.3, in which R.sub.3 represents

(a) a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 1 to 11 carbon atoms,

(b) a cyclane ring-system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, phenylcyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, norbornane, adamantane, noradamantane, chlorooxonorbornane, chloroethylenedioxynorbornane, bromoethylenedioxynorbornane and the anhydride group of hydroxycarboxy-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentanecarboxylic acid,

(c) a phenyl group, unsubstituted or substituted at the para-position with a linear or branched aliphatic group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, or with a halogen,

(d) a group (CH.sub.2).sub.m R.sub.4, in which m is a number between 1 and 10, and R.sub.4 represents a cyclane ring system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, norbornane, noradamantane, adamantane and 6,6-dimethylbicyclo-heptene; a phenyl group unsubstituted or monosubstituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group; a 2-thienyl or 3-thienyl group; a carboxylic acid ester group COOR.sub.5 in which R.sub.5 is a cyclane ring-system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane; a carboxylic acid amide group of structure CONHR.sub.6, in which R.sub.6 represents a cyclane ring-system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, cyclobtuane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane; a carboxylic acid amide group of structure ##STR113## in which the group ##STR114## represents pyrrolidine, piperidine or 2,6-dimethyl-morpholine; or an ether group --O--R.sub.7, it being possible for R.sub.7 to be a phenyl group, unsubstituted or monosubstituted with a chlorine or fluorine atom or disubstituted with a chlorine atom and with a methyl group;

(e) a group --CH.dbd.CHR.sub.8, in which R.sub.8 represents a cyclane ring-system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, norbornane or norbornene;

(f) a secondary amine group --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.9, in which n is a number between 1 and 5 and R.sub.9 constitutes a cyclane ring-system selected from the group consisting of cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane or norbornane, or a phenyl group, unsubstituted, monosubstituted with a fluorine or chlorine atom or with a methoxy group or trisubstituted with methoxy groups;

R also represents a hydroxyalkenyl group ##STR115## in which p is a number between 2 and 9 and R.sub.10 represents a phenyl group or a phenoxy group; as well as a group CSNH(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.9 in which n is a number between 1 and 5 and R.sub.9 has the meaning stated above, provided that when R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or R.sub.2 a phenyl group a cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino or phenylamino group, R cannot represent a hydrogen atom, R.sub.3 cannot represents a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted at the para-position by a methyl group or a halogen, a secondary amine group --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.1-4 --R.sub.9 in which R.sub.9 represents a cycloalkyl (3 to 6 C), a phenyl group unsubstituted or monosubstituted with a fluorine or chlorine atom and provided that when R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or R.sub.2 a phenyl group, a cyclopentylamino, cyclohexylamino or phenylamino group, R cannot represent a group CSHN(CH.sub.2).sub.1-3 --R.sub.9 in which R.sub.9 has the meaning given above.

2. Compounds according to claim 1 selected from the group consisting of

1-(hexylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclobutylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclopentylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cycloheptylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(norbornylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(norbornylmethylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(norbornylpropionylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(adamantylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(noradamantylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(chlorooxonorbornylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(methylcyclopropylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(phenylcyclopropylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(p-butylphenylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(p-t-butylphenylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(3-phenylpropionyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclohexylaminocarbonyl-n-pentanoyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(thiophenylpropylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(1-hydroxy-4-phenyl-1-buten-1-yl)-4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine,

1-(1-hydroxy-11-phenoxy-1-undecen-1-yl)-4-(4-imidazolyl)piperidine,

1-(cyclopentenylmethylcarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(cyclohexylethylaminocarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(phenylpropylaminocarbonyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)piperidine,

1-(3-cyclopentylpropionyl)-4-[1-(3-cyclopentylpropionyl)-4-imidazolyl]piperidine,

1-(4-phenoxybutylryl)-4-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenylaminocarbonyl)-4-imidazolyl]piperidine.

3. Pharmaceutical composition containing a compound according to one of claims 1 and 2 and a therapeutically compatible excipient or vehicle.