Patent Application
20100143299
The present invention relates to a class of novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives, as well as to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of said 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The present invention further relates to the use of said novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives as biologically active ingredients for manufacturing medicaments, more specifically for the prevention or treatment of viral infections and pathologic conditions associated therewith such as, but not limited to, hepatitis C.
A large number of substituted quinazoline derivatives is already known in the art. For instance quinazoline derivatives with various substituents on positions 2, 4 and 6 (using the standard atom numbering for the quinazoline moiety) are known with biological activities such as, but not limited to, for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders, immune disorders, hyper-proliferative disorders such as cancer, and viral infections.
The standard numbering of atoms amenable for substitution on the quinazoline core structure is as follows:
WO 2005/105761 discloses quinazoline derivatives substituted on position 4 with an optionally substituted 4-morpholino-anilino group which are useful for the treatment or prevention of Flaviviridae infections such as, but not limited to, hepatitis C virus (hereinafter referred as HCV) infection.
WO 98/02434 discloses 2,4,6-substituted quinazoline derivatives, wherein the substituent on position 4 comprises at least a dual ring system, being protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are useful for the treatment of cancer and psoriasis.
WO 2006/039718 discloses 2,6-substituted quinazolines and 4-amino-2,6-substituted quinazolines being also protein kinase inhibitors.
However there is a continuous need in the art for specific and highly therapeutically active compounds for preventing or treating viral infections, in particular infections due to Flaviridae and pathologic conditions associated therewith, especially hepatitis C. In particular, there is a need in the art to provide drugs which are active against hepatitis C in a minor dose in order to replace existing drugs having significant side effects and to decrease treatment costs.
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is most often caused by infection with one of three viruses known as hepatitis A, B or C. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is the most common cause of acute hepatitis, and usually resolves spontaneously after several weeks of acute symptoms. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common viral causes of chronic hepatitis, usually defined as liver inflammation persisting for more than six months. HCV is the second most common cause of viral hepatitis in general and most common cause of chronic hepatitis. The World Health Organization estimates that worldwide 170 million people (3% of the world's population) are chronically infected with HCV. These chronic carriers are at risk of developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. In studies with a 10 to 20 year follow-up, cirrhosis developed in 20-30% of the patients, 1-5% of whom may develop liver cancer during the next then years. The 15% to 45% of persons with acute hepatitis C who do recover are not subject to long-term complications and do not need treatment. Since HCV and pestiviruses belong to the same virus family and share many similarities (such as, but not limited to, organisation of the genome, analogous gene products and replication cycle), pestiviruses may be adopted as a model virus and surrogate for HCV. For example the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and may be used as a surrogate virus in drug development for HCV infection.
HCV is a representative and highly significant member of the Flaviviridae family, a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. This family includes the following genera: Genus Flavivirus (type species Yellow fever virus, others include West Nile virus and Dengue Fever), Genus Hepacivirus (type species Hepatitis C virus), and Genus Pestivirus (type species Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), others include classical swine fever or hog cholera). Contrary to other families of positive strand RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HCV seems incapable of integrating into the host's genome. The primary immune response to HCV is mounted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, this process fails to eradicate infection in most people; in fact, it may contribute to liver inflammation and, ultimately, tissue necrosis. The ability of HCV to escape immune surveillance is the subject of much speculation. One likely means of viral persistence relies on the presence of closely related but heterogeneous populations of viral genomes. Further studies of these quasi-species enable classification of several genotypes and subtypes, which have clinical implications.
The diagnosis of hepatitis C is rarely made during the acute phase of the disease because the majority of people infected experience no symptoms during this phase of the disease. Those who do experience acute phase symptoms are rarely ill enough to seek medical attention. The diagnosis of chronic phase hepatitis C is also challenging due to the absence or lack of specificity of symptoms until advanced liver disease develops, which may not occur until decades into the disease.
Hepatitis C testing begins with serological blood tests used to detect antibodies to HCV. Anti-HCV antibodies can be detected in about 80% of patients within 15 weeks after exposure, in more than 90% of patients within 5 months after exposure, and in more than 97% of patients by 6 months after exposure. Overall, HCV antibody tests have a strong positive predictive value for exposure to the hepatitis C virus, but may miss patients who have not yet developed antibodies (seroconversion), or have an insufficient level of antibodies to detect. Anti-HCV antibodies indicate exposure to the virus, but cannot determine if ongoing infection is present. All persons with positive anti-HCV antibody tests must undergo additional testing for the presence of the hepatitis C virus itself to determine whether current infection is present. The presence of HCV may be tested by using molecular nucleic acid testing methods such as, but not limited to, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), or branched DNA amplification. All HCV nucleic acid molecular tests have the capacity to detect not only whether the virus is present, but also to measure the amount of virus present in the blood (the HCV viral load). The HCV viral load is an important factor in determining the probability of response to interferon-base therapy, but does not indicate disease severity nor the likelihood of disease progression.
The goal of treatment is to prevent complications of HCV infection. This is principally achieved by eradication of infection. Accordingly, treatment responses are frequently characterized by the results of HCV RNA testing. Infection is considered eradicated when there is a sustained virologic response (SVR), defined as the absence of HCV RNA in serum by a sensitive test at the end of treatment and 6 months later. Persons who achieve an SVR almost always have a dramatic earlier reduction in the HCV RNA level, referred to as an early virologic response (EVR). Continued absence of detectable virus at termination of treatment is referred to as end of treatment response (ETR). A patient is considered relapsed when HCV RNA becomes undetectable on treatment but is detected again after discontinuation of treatment. Persons in whom HCV RNA levels remain stable on treatment are considered as non-responders, while those whose HCV RNA levels decline but remain detectable are referred to as partial responders.
Current standard of care for HCV treatment is a combination of (pegylated) interferon alpha and the antiviral drug ribavirin for a period of 24 or 48 weeks, depending upon the viral genotype. Should treatment with pegylated ribavirin-interferon not return a viral load reduction after 12 weeks, the chance of treatment success is less than 1%. Current indication for treatment includes patients with proven hepatitis C virus infection and persistent abnormal liver function tests. SVR of 75% or better occur in people with genotypes HCV 2 and 3 within 24 weeks of treatment, about 50% in those with genotype 1 within 48 weeks of treatment and 65° A for those with genotype 4 within 48 weeks of treatment. About 80% of hepatitis C patients in the United States exhibit genotype 1, whereas genotype 4 is more common in the Middle East and Africa.
Best results have been achieved with the combination of weekly subcutaneous injections of long-acting peginterferon alpha and oral ribavirin daily. Interferons are substances naturally released by cells in the body after viral invasion. Interferon alfa-2b and peginterferon alfa-2b are synthetic versions of these substances. The protein product is manufactured by recombinant DNA-technology. Second generation interferons are further derivatized by binding to inert polyethylene glycol, thereby altering the pharmacokinetic properties. Ribavirin is a nucleoside analogue, which disrupts viral replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV).
The most common side effects of HCV treatment with (pegylated) interferon include: a decrease in white blood cells and platelets, anemia, nausea, diarrhea, fever, chills, muscle and joint pain, difficulty in concentrating, thyroid dysfunction, hair loss, sleeplessness, irritability, mild to serious depression, and rarely, suicidal thoughts. Other serious adverse events include bone marrow toxicity, cardiovascular disorders, hypersensitivity, endocrine disorders, pulmonary disorders, colitis, pancreatitis, and opthalmologic disorders (eye and vision problems). (Pegylated) interferon may also cause or make worse fatal or life-threatening neuropsychiatric, autoimmune, ischemic, and infectious disorders. Patients with persistently severe or worsening signs or symptoms of these conditions are advised to stop therapy.
The most common side effect of HCV treatment with ribavirin is anemia, which can be treated with erythropoietin. Other side effects include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, abdominal pain, nervousness, breathlessness, rash, hair loss, dry skin, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, dizziness and weight loss. Ribavirin can also cause birth defects. Ribavirin should not be taken in combination with certain HIV drugs such as, but not limited to, didanosine, since lactic acidosis with fatal hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) may occur. Special attention should be taken for treatment with HIV co-infection.
Although the liver is the primary target of infection, studies to better define the steps of HCV infection are greatly hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model for such studies. The recent development of sub-genomic HCV RNA replicons capable of autonomous replication in the human hepatoma cell line, Huh-7, has been a significant advance in the study of HCV biology. The sub-genomic HCV RNA replicon system provides a cell-based assay to evaluate inhibitors of HCV enzymes like the protease, helicase, and RNA-dependant RNA polymerase or to evaluate nucleic acid targeting strategies like antisense RNA and ribozymes.
Targets for HCV Drug development include HCV-encoded enzymes, namely, NS2-3 and NS3-4A proteases, NS3 helicase, and NS5B RNA dependant RNA polymerase. Alternatively, HCV replication can be inhibited by blocking the conserved RNA elements employing a nucleic acid based approach including antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, RNA aptamers, RNA decoys, and RNA interference. A major drawback for such nucleic acid based approach is the size and charge of the nucleic acids, and their usually low physiological stability that do not allow for oral administration. Another target option for therapy is by blocking viral entry into the cell by obstruction of binding to HCV receptors such as, but not limited to, CD 209L and L-SIGN.
There is a strong need in the art to improve, or to provide alternatives to, the existing prophylactic or therapeutic solutions to viral infections, in particular infections by a virus of the Flaviridae family, more specifically HCV infection. In particular there is still a need in the art for providing alternative synthetic molecules having significant HCV replication inhibiting activity. There is also a need in the art for providing effective inhibiting molecules which are free from the significant drawbacks of the current drugs like pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Meeting these various needs in the art constitutes the main goal of the present invention.
The present invention is based on the unexpected finding of a medical utility in a class of novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives represented by the structural formula (I)
wherein:
R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C1-7 alkyl; C2-7 alkenyl; C3-10 cycloalkyl; C3-10 cycloalkenyl; aryl; heterocyclyl; arylalkyl; heterocyclic-substituted C1-7 alkyl and C3-10 cycloalkyl-C1-7 alkyl; wherein said R4, when different from hydrogen, is optionally substituted with one or more R7;
Based on their biological properties, the present invention further relates to the use of these novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives for the manufacture of medicaments, particularly for use in the treatment or prevention of viral infections and pathologic conditions associated therewith such as, but not limited to, especially infections due to Flaviridae. The present invention also relates to individual 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives specifically disclosed herein, and their use in medicine. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives, optionally in synergistic combination with other drugs. The present invention also relates to various synthetic methods for making these novel 4,6-di- and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives, and salts thereof.
Unless otherwise stated herein, the term “tri-substituted” in relation to the quinazoline structure means that three of the carbon atoms being in positions 2, 4 and 6 of the quinazoline moiety (according to standard atom numbering for the quinazoline moiety) are substituted with an atom or group of atoms other than hydrogen. Unless otherwise stated herein, the term “di-substituted” in relation to the quinazoline structure means that two of the carbon atoms being in positions 4 and 6 of the quinazoline moiety (according to standard atom numbering for the quinazoline moiety) are substituted with an atom or group of atoms other than hydrogen.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “C1-7 alkyl” means straight and branched chain saturated acyclic hydrocarbon monovalent radicals having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, 1-methyl-ethyl (isopropyl), 2-methylpropyl (isobutyl), 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl), 2-methyl-butyl, n-pentyl, dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methyl-pentyl, n-heptyl and the like. By analogy, the term “C1-4 alkyl” refers to such radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, i.e. up to and including butyl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “acyl” broadly refers to a substituent derived from an acid such as an organic monocarboxylic acid, a carbonic acid, a carbamic acid (resulting into a carbamoyl substituent) or the thioacid or imidic acid (resulting into a carbamidoyl substituent) corresponding to said acids, and the term “sulfonyl” refers to a substituent derived from an organic sulfonic acid, wherein said acids comprise an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group in the molecule. A more specific kind of “acyl” group within the scope of the above definition refers to a carbonyl (oxo) group adjacent to a C1-7 alkyl, a C3-10 cycloalkyl, an aryl, an arylalkyl or a heterocyclic group, all of them being such as herein defined. Suitable examples of acyl groups are to be found below.
Acyl and sulfonyl groups originating from aliphatic or cycloaliphatic monocarboxylic acids are designated herein as aliphatic or cycloaliphatic acyl and sulfonyl groups and include, but are not limited to, the following:
Acyl and sulfonyl groups may also originate from aromatic monocarboxylic acids and aromatic sulfonic acids, and include, but are not limited to, the following:
Acyl groups may also originate from an heterocyclic monocarboxylic acids and include, but are not limited to, the following:
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “C1-7 alkylene” means the divalent hydrocarbon radical corresponding to the above defined C1-7 alkyl, such as methylene, bis(methylene), tris(methylene), tetramethylene, hexamethylene and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “cycloalkyl” means a mono- or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as for instance cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like, or a C7-10 polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as, for instance, norbornyl, fenchyl, trimethyltricycloheptyl or adamantyl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “cycloalkyl-alkyl” refers to an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical (preferably a C1-7 alkyl such as defined above) to which a C3-10 cycloalkyl (such as defined above) is already linked such as, but not limited to, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “C3-10 cycloalkylene” means the divalent hydrocarbon radical corresponding to the above defined C3-10 cycloalkyl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “aryl” designates any mono- or polycyclic aromatic monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 6 up to 30 carbon atoms such as but not limited to phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenantracyl, fluoranthenyl, chrysenyl, pyrenyl, biphenylyl, terphenyl, picenyl, indenyl, biphenyl, indacenyl, benzocyclobutenyl, benzocyclooctenyl and the like, including fused benzo-C4-8 cycloalkyl radicals (the latter being as defined above) such as, for instance, indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl and the like, all of the said radicals being optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl and nitro, such as for instance 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl and the like.
As used herein, e.g. with respect to a substituting radical such as the combination of substituents in certain positions of the quinazoline ring together with the carbon atoms in the same positions of said ring, and unless otherwise stated, the term “homocyclic” means a mono- or polycyclic, saturated or mono-unsaturated or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having from 4 up to 15 carbon atoms but including no heteroatom in the said ring; for instance said combination of substituents may form a C2-6 alkylene radical, such as tetramethylene, which cyclizes with the carbon atoms in certain positions of the quinazoline ring.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical (including the combination of substituents in certain positions of the quinazoline ring together with the carbon atoms in the same positions of said ring), and unless otherwise stated, the terms “heterocyclic” and “heterocyclyl” mean a mono- or polycyclic, saturated or mono-unsaturated or polyunsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having from 2 up to 15 carbon atoms and including one or more heteroatoms in one or more heterocyclic rings, each of said rings having from 3 to 10 atoms (and optionally further including one or more heteroatoms attached to one or more carbon atoms of said ring, for instance in the form of a carbonyl or thiocarbonyl or selenocarbonyl group, and/or to one or more heteroatoms of said ring, for instance in the form of a sulfone, sulfoxide, N-oxide, phosphate, phosphonate or selenium oxide group), each of said heteroatoms being independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium and phosphorus, also including radicals wherein a heterocyclic ring is fused to one or more aromatic hydrocarbon rings for instance in the form of benzo-fused, dibenzo-fused and naphtho-fused heterocyclic radicals; within this definition are included heterocyclic radicals such as, but not limited to, diazepinyl, oxadiazinyl, thiadiazinyl, dithiazinyl, triazolonyl, diazepinonyl, triazepinyl, triazepinonyl, tetrazepinonyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzothiazinyl, benzothiazinonyl, benzoxa-thiinyl, benzodioxinyl, benzodithiinyl, benzoxazepinyl, benzothiazepinyl, benzodiazepinyl, benzodioxepinyl, benzodithiepinyl, benzoxazocinyl, benzothiazocinyl, benzodiazocinyl, benzoxathiocinyl, benzodioxocinyl, benzotrioxepinyl, benzoxathiazepinyl, benzoxa-diazepinyl, benzothia-diazepinyl, benzotriazepinyl, benzoxathiepinyl, benzotriazinonyl, benzoxazolinonyl, azetidinonyl, azaspiroundecyl, dithiaspirodecyl, selenazinyl, selen-azolyl, selenophenyl, hypoxanthinyl, azahypoxanthinyl, bipyrazinyl, bipyridinyl, oxazoli-dinyl, diselenopyrimidinyl, benzodioxocinyl, benzopyrenyl, benzopyranonyl, benzo-phenazinyl, benzoquinolizinyl, dibenzocarbazolyl, dibenzoacridinyl, dibenzophenazinyl, dibenzothiepinyl, dibenzoxepinyl, dibenzopyranonyl, dibenzoquinoxalinyl, dibenzo-thiazepinyl, dibenzisoquinolinyl, tetraazaadamantyl, thiatetraazaadamantyl, oxauracil, oxazinyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolonyl, azaindolyl, azolonyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolonyl, thiazolidinyl, thiazanyl, pyrimidonyl, thiopyrimidonyl, thia-morpholinyl, aziactonyl, naphthindazolyi, naphthindolyl, naphthothiazolyl, naphthothioxolyl, naphthoxindolyl, naphthotriazolyl, naphthopyranyl, oxabicycloheptyl, azabenzimidazolyl, azacycloheptyl, azacyclooctyl, azacyclononyl, azabicyclononyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydro-pyronyl, tetrahydroquinoleinyl, tetrahydrothienyl and dioxide thereof, dihydrothienyl dioxide, dioxindolyl, dioxinyl, dioxenyl, dioxazinyl, thioxanyl, thioxolyl, thiourazolyl, thiotriazolyl, thiopyranyl, thiopyronyl, coumarinyl, quinoleinyl, oxyquinoleinyl, quinuclidinyl, xanthinyl, dihydropyranyl, benzodihydrofuryl, benzothio-pyronyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzoxazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxanyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzotriazinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, phenothioxinyl, pheno-thiazolyl, phenothienyl (benzothiofuranyl), phenopyronyl, phenoxazolyl, pyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, triazolyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, furyl, dihydrofuryl, furoyl, hydantoinyl, dioxolanyl, dioxolyl, dithianyl, dithienyl, dithiinyl, thienyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzofuryl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, carbazolyl, phenoxazinyl, phenothiazinyl, xanthenyl, purinyl, benzothienyl, naphthothienyl, thianthrenyl, pyranyl, pyronyl, benzopyronyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromenyl, phenoxathiinyl, indolizinyl, quino-lizinyl, isoquinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthiridinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbolinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, uridinyl, thymidinyl, cytidinyl, azirinyl, aziridinyl, diazirinyl, diaziridinyl, oxiranyl, oxaziridinyl, dioxiranyl, thiiranyl, azetyl, dihydroazetyl, azetidinyl, oxetyl, oxetanyl, oxetanonyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, thietyl, thietanyl, diazabicyclooctyl, diazetyl, diaziri-dinonyl, diaziridinethionyl, chromanyl, chromanonyl, thiochromanyl, thiochromanonyl, thiochromenyl, benzofuranyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzochromonyl, benz-isoalloxazinyl, benzocoumarinyl, thiocoumarinyl, phenometoxazinyl, phenoparoxazinyl, phentriazinyl, thiodiazinyl, thiodiazolyl, indoxyl, thioindoxyl, benzodiazinyl (e.g. phthalazinyl), phthalidyl, phthalimidinyl, phthalazonyl, alloxazinyl, dibenzopyronyl (i.e. xanthonyl), xanthionyl, isatyl, isopyrazolyl, isopyrazolonyl, urazolyl, urazinyl, uretinyl, uretidinyl, succinyl, succinimido, benzylsultimyl, benzylsultamyl and the like, including all possible isomeric forms thereof, wherein each carbon atom of said heterocyclic ring may furthermore be independently substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, C1-7 alkyl (optionally containing one or more functions or radicals selected from the group consisting of carbonyl (oxo), alcohol (hydroxyl), ether (alkoxy), acetal, amino, imino, oximino, alkyloximino, amino-acid, cyano, carboxylic acid ester or amide, nitro, thio C1-7 alkyl, thio C3-10 cycloalkyl, C1-7 alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, alkenylamino, cycloalkenylamino, alkynylamino, arylamino, arylalkylamino, hydroxy-alkylamino, mercaptoalkylamino, heterocyclic-substituted alkylamino, heterocyclic amino, heterocyclic-substituted arylamino, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, phenylhydrazino, sulfonyl, sulfonamido and halogen), C3-7 alkenyl, C2-7 alkynyl, halo C1-7 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkylacyl, arylacyl, hydroxyl, amino, C1-7 alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, alkenylamino, cycloalkenylamino, alkynylamino, arylamino, arylalkylamino, hydroxy-alkylamino, mercaptoalkylamino, heterocyclic-substituted alkylamino, heterocyclic amino, heterocyclic-substituted arylamino, hydrazino, alkylhydrazino, phenylhydrazino, sulfhydryl, C1-7 alkoxy, C3-10 cycloalkoxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, oxyheterocyclic, heterocyclic-substituted alkyloxy, thio C1-7 alkyl, thio C3-10 cycloalkyl, thioaryl, thioheterocyclic, arylalkylthio, heterocyclic-substituted alkylthio, formyl, hydroxylamino, cyano, carboxylic acid or esters or thioesters or amides thereof, thiocarboxylic acid or esters or thioesters or amides thereof; depending upon the number of unsaturations in the 3 to 10 atoms ring, heterocyclic radicals may be sub-divided into heteroaromatic (or “heteroaryl”) radicals and non-aromatic heterocyclic radicals; when a heteroatom of said non-aromatic heterocyclic radical is nitrogen, the latter may be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-7 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and alkylaryl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “C1-7 alkoxy”, “C3-10 cycloalkoxy”, “aryloxy”, “arylalkoxy”, “oxyheterocyclic”, “heterocyclic-substituted alkoxy”, “thio C1-7 alkyl”, “thio C3-10 cycloalkyl”, “arylthio”, “arylalkylthio” and “thioheterocyclic” refer to substituents wherein a carbon atom of a C1-7 alkyl, respectively a C3-10 cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic radical or heterocyclic-substituted alkyl (each of them such as defined herein), is attached to an oxygen atom or a divalent sulfur atom through a single bond such as, but not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, isopentoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, thiobutyl, thiopentyl, thiocyclopropyl, thiocyclobutyl, thiocyclopentyl, thiophenyl, phenyloxy, benzyloxy, mercaptobenzyl and cresoxy, and various isomers of piperidinoxy, 1-methylpiperidinoxy, pyrrolidinoxy, pyridinoxy, tetrahydrofuranyloxy, morpholinoethoxy, piperazinoethoxy, piperidinoethoxy, pyridinoethoxy, pyrrolidinoethoxy, piperidinomethoxy, methylpyridinoxy, methylquinolinoxy, pyridinopropoxy and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting atom, and unless otherwise stated, the term halogen means any atom selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “halo C1-7 alkyl” means a C1-7 alkyl radical (such as above defined) in which one or more hydrogen atoms are independently replaced by one or more halogens (preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine), such as but not limited to difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, octafluoropentyl, dodecafluoroheptyl, dichloromethyl and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “C2-7 alkenyl” designate a straight and branched acyclic hydrocarbon monovalent radical having one or more ethylenic unsaturations and having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as, for example, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, pentadienyl, hexadienyl, heptadienyl, heptatrienyl and the like, including all possible isomers thereof.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “C3-10 cycloalkenyl” means a monocyclic mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as for instance cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclohepta-dienyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctenyl, cyclooctadienyl and the like, or a C7-10 polycyclic mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon mono-valent radical having from 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as dicyclopentadienyl, fenchenyl (including all isomers thereof, such as α-pinolenyl), bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-dienyl, cyclo-fenchenyl and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “C2-7 alkynyl” defines straight and branched chain hydrocarbon radicals containing one or more triple bonds and optionally at least one double bond and having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as, for example, acetylenyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 1-pentynyl, 3-methyl-2-butynyl, 3-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 1-penten-4-ynyl, 3-penten-1-ynyl, 1,3-hexadien-1-ynyl and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “arylalkyl”, “arylalkenyl” and “heterocyclic-substituted alkyl” refer to an aliphatic saturated or ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon monovalent radical (preferably a C1-7 alkyl or C2-7 alkenyl radical such as defined above) onto which an aryl or heterocyclic radical (such as defined above) is already bonded via a carbon atom, and wherein the said aliphatic radical and/or the said aryl or heterocyclic radical may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl and nitro, such as but not limited to benzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 4-tentbutylbenzyl, phenylpropyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, phenylethyl, 1-amino-2-phenylethyl, 1-amino-2-[4-hydroxy-phenyl]ethyl, 1-amino-2-[indol-2-yl]ethyl, styryl, pyridylmethyl (including all isomers thereof), pyridylethyl, 2-(2-pyridyl)isopropyl, oxazolylbutyl, 2-thienyl-methyl, pyrrolylethyl, morpholinylethyl, imidazol-1-yl-ethyl, benzodioxolylmethyl and 2-furylmethyl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “alkylaryl” and “alkyl-substituted heterocyclic” refer to an aryl or, respectively, heterocyclic radical (such as defined above) onto which are bonded one or more aliphatic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon monovalent radicals, preferably one or more C1-7 alkyl, C2-7 alkenyl or C3-10 cycloalkyl radicals as defined above such as, but not limited to, o-toluoyl, m-toluoyl, p-toluoyl, 2,3-xylyl, 2,4-xylyl, 3,4-xylyl, o-cumenyl, m-cumenyl, p-cumenyl, o-cymenyl, m-cymenyl, p-cymenyl, mesityl, tert-butylphenyl, lutidinyl (i.e. dimethylpyridyl), 2-methylaziridinyl, methyl-benzimidazolyl, methylbenzofuranyl, methylbenzothiazolyl, methylbenzotriazolyl, methylbenzoxazolyl and methylbenzselenazolyl.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “alkoxyaryl” refers to an aryl radical (such as defined above) onto which is (are) bonded one or more C1-7 alkoxy radicals as defined above, preferably one or more methoxy radicals, such as, but not limited to, 2-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, methoxynaphthyl and the like.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “alkylamino”, “cycloalkylamino”, “alkenylamino”, “cycloalkenylamino”, “arylamino”, “arylalkylamino”, “heterocyclic-substituted alkyl-amino”, “heterocyclic-substituted arylamino”, “heterocyclic amino”, “hydroxy-alkylamino”, “mercaptoalkylamino” and “alkynylamino” mean that respectively one (thus monosubstituted amino) or even two (thus disubstituted amino) C1-7 alkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-7 alkenyl, C3-10 cycloalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic-substituted alkyl, heterocyclic-substituted aryl, heterocyclic (provided in this case the nitrogen atom is attached to a carbon atom of the heterocyclic ring), mono- or polyhydroxy C1-7 alkyl, mono- or polymercapto C1-7 alkyl, or C2-7 alkynyl radical(s) (each of them as defined herein, respectively, and including the presence of optional substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl and nitro) is/are attached to a nitrogen atom through a single bond such as, but not limited to, anilino, 2-bromoanilino, 4-bromoanilino, 2-chloroanilino, 3-chloroanilino, 4-chloroanilino, 3-chloro-4-methoxyanilino, 5-chloro-2-methoxyanilino, 2,3-dimethylanilino, 2,4-dimethylanilino, 2,5-dimethylanilino, 2,6-dimethylanilino, 3,4-dimethylanilino, 2-fluoroanilino, 3-fluoroanilino, 4-fluoroanilino, 3-fluoro-2-methoxyanilino, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyanilino, 2-fluoro-4-methylanilino, 2-fluoro-5-methylanilino, 3-fluoro-2-methyl-anilino, 3-fluoro-4-methylanilino, 4-fluoro-2-methylanilino, 5-fluoro-2-methylanilino, 2-iodoanilino, 3-iodoanilino, 4-iodoanilino, 2-methoxy-5-methylanilino, 4-methoxy-2-methyl-anilino, 5-methoxy-2-methylanilino, 2-ethoxyanilino, 3-ethoxy-anilino, 4-ethoxyanilino, benzylamino, 2-methoxybenzylamino, 3-methoxybenzyl-amino, 4-methoxybenzylamino, 2-fluorobenzylamino, 3-fluorobenzylamino, 4-fluoro-benzylamino, 2-chlorobenzylamino, 3-chlorobenzylamino, 4-chlorobenzylamino, 2-aminobenzylamino, diphenylmethylamino, α-naphthylamino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, isopropylamino, propenylamino, n-butylamino, tert-butylamino, dibutylamino, 1,2-diaminopropyl, 1,3-diaminopropyl, 1,4-diaminobutyl, 1,5-diaminopentyl, 1,6-diaminohexyl, morpholino-methylamino, 4-morpholinoanilino, hydroxymethylamino, β-hydroxyethylamino and ethynylamino; this definition also includes mixed disubstituted amino radicals wherein the nitrogen atom is attached to two such radicals belonging to two different sub-sets of radicals, e.g. an alkyl radical and an alkenyl radical, or to two different radicals within the same sub-set of radicals, e.g. methylethylamino; among di-substituted amino radicals, symmetrically-substituted amino radicals are more easily accessible and thus usually preferred from a standpoint of ease of preparation.
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the terms “(thio)carboxylic acid ester”, “(thio)carboxylic acid thioester” and “(thio)-carboxylic acid amide” refer to radicals wherein the carboxyl or thiocarboxyl group is bonded to the hydrocarbonyl residue of an alcohol, a thiol, a polyol, a phenol, a thiophenol, a primary or secondary amine, a polyamine, an amino-alcohol or ammonia, the said hydrocarbonyl residue being selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, alkenylamino, cycloalkenylamino, arylamino, arylalkylamino, heterocyclic-substituted alkylamino, heterocyclic amino, heterocyclic-substituted arylamino, hydroxyalkylamino, mercapto-alkylamino or alkynylamino (such as above defined, respectively).
As used herein with respect to a substituting radical, and unless otherwise stated, the term “amino-acid” refers to a radical derived from a molecule having the chemical formula H2N—CHR—COOH, wherein R is the side group of atoms characterising the amino-acid type; said molecule may be one of the 20 naturally-occurring amino-acids or any similar non naturally-occurring amino-acid.
As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term “stereoisomer” refers to all possible different isomeric as well as conformational forms which the compounds of formula (I) may possess, in particular all possible stereochemically and conformationally isomeric forms, all diastereomers, enantiomers and/or conformers of the basic molecular structure. Some compounds of the present invention may exist in different tautomeric forms, all of the latter being included within the scope of the present invention.
As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term “enantiomer” means each individual optically active form of a compound of the invention, having an optical purity or enantiomeric excess (as determined by methods standard in the art) of at least 80% (i.e. at least 90% of one enantiomer and at most 10% of the other enantiomer), preferably at least 90% and more preferably at least 98%.
As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term “solvate” includes any combination which may be formed by a quinazoline derivative of this invention with a suitable inorganic solvent (e.g. hydrates) or organic solvent, such as but not limited to alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, nitriles and the like.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to a class of novel disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives represented by the structural formula (I):
wherein,
In particular, R2 may be hydrogen, or A is oxygen and R4 is ethyl, or Y is a bond and R6 is 4-fluorophenyl.
In said aspect of the invention, the novel quinazoline derivatives are as defined in the structural formula (I), wherein each of the substituents A, Y, R′, R″, R2, R4, R6, R7, R8, R9, R9′, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 and R16 may independently correspond to any part of the definitions given herein-above, in particular with any of the individual meanings (such as illustrated above) of generic terms used for substituting groups such as, but not limited to, “C1-7 alkyl”, “C3-10 cycloalkyl”, “C2-7 alkenyl”, “C3-10 cycloalkenyl”, “C2-7 alkynyl”, “aryl”, “heterocyclyl”, “C1-7 alkylene”, “halogen”, “C3-10 cycloalkenyl”, “alkylaryl”, “arylalkyl”, “alkylamino”, “alkenylamino”, “alkynylamino”, “heterocyclic-substituted C1-7 alkyl”, “hydroxyalkylamino”, “mercaptoalkylamino”, “C1-7 alkoxy”, “C1-7 alkylthio”, and the like.
Stereoisomers of the disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives of this invention may be formed by using reactants in their single enantiomeric form wherever possible in the manufacturing process, or by resolving a mixture of stereoisomers by conventional methods. One such method is liquid chromatography using one or more suitable chiral stationary phases including, for example, polysaccharides, in particular cellulose or amylose derivatives. Commercially available, but non limiting, suitable polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases are ChiralCel™ CA, OA, OB, OC, OD, OF, OG, OJ and OK, and Chiralpak™ AD, AS, OP(+) and OT(+). Appropriate eluents or mobile phases for use in combination with said polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases are hydrocarbons such as hexane and the like, optionally admixed with an alcohol such as ethanol, isopropanol and the like. The above mixture of enantiomers may alternatively be separated by making use of microbial resolution or by resolving the diastereoisomeric salts formed with chiral acids such as mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and the like or with chiral bases such as brucine and the like. The resolving agent may be cleaved from the separated diastereoisomers, e.g. by treatment with acids or bases, in order to generate the pure enantiomers of the compounds of the invention. Conventional resolution methods were compiled e.g. by Jaques et al. in “Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution” (Wiley Interscience, 1981).
As noted above, one particular embodiment of this invention includes the various precursors or “pro-drug” forms of the disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives of the present invention. It may be desirable to formulate the compounds of the present invention in the form of a chemical species which itself is not significantly biologically-active but which, when delivered to the body of a human being or higher mammal, will undergo a chemical reaction catalyzed by the normal function of the body, inter alia, enzymes present in the stomach or in blood serum, said chemical reaction having the effect of releasing a compound as defined herein. The term “pro-drug” thus relates to these species which are converted in vivo into the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
The pro-drugs of the present invention can have any form suitable to the formulator, for example, esters are non-limiting common pro-drug forms. In the present case, however, the pro-drug may necessarily exist in a form wherein a covalent bond is cleaved by the action of an enzyme present at the target locus. For example, a C—C covalent bond may be selectively cleaved by one or more enzymes at said target locus and, therefore, a pro-drug in a form other than an easily hydrolysable precursor, inter alia an ester, an amide, and the like, may be used.
For the purposes of the present invention the term “therapeutically suitable pro-drug” is defined herein as a compound modified in such a way as to be transformed in vivo to the therapeutically active form, whether by way of a single or by multiple biological transformations, when in contact with the tissues of humans or mammals to which the pro-drug has been administered, and without undue toxicity, irritation, or allergic response, and achieving the intended therapeutic outcome.
It is another aspect of invention to provide a quinazoline selected from the group consisting of:
In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative having the structural formula (I) as defined herein-above for the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a viral infection, and the corresponding method of treatment of a viral infection by administering an effective amount of such a quinazoline derivative to a patient in need thereof. In particular, said viral infection may be an infection caused by a virus being a member of the Flaviviridae family. The Flaviviridae family is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses which includes the following genera:
More in particular, said Flavivirus is the Hepatitis C virus (hereinafter referred as HCV).
In another aspect, the present invention provides different methods for making 4,6-disubstituted and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives having the structural formula (I) as defined above with respect to the first aspect of the invention. Methods of manufacture have been developed by the present inventors which may be used alternatively to, or may be combined with, the methods of synthesis already known in the art of quinazoline derivatives (depending upon the targeted final compound). For instance, synthesis of mono- and di-N-oxides of the quinazoline derivatives of this invention can easily be achieved by treating the said derivatives with an oxidizing agent such as, but not limited to, hydrogen peroxide (e.g. in the presence of acetic acid) or a peracid such as, but not limited to, chloroperbenzoic acid. The methods for making the quinazoline derivatives of the present invention will now be explained in more details by reference to the appended
In the following description of certain reaction steps involved in each figure, reference is made to the use of certain catalysts and/or certain types of solvents. It should be understood that each catalyst mentioned should be used in a catalytic amount well known to the skilled person with respect to the type of reaction involved. Solvents that may be used in the following reaction steps include various kinds of organic solvents such as protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents and non-polar solvents as well as aqueous solvents which are inert under the relevant reaction conditions. More specific examples include aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ketones, amides, water or mixtures thereof, as well as supercritical solvents such as carbon dioxide (while performing the reaction under supercritical conditions). The suitable reaction temperature and pressure conditions applicable to each kind of reaction step will not be detailed herein but do not depart from the relevant conditions already known to the skilled person with respect to the type of reaction involved and the type of solvent used (in particular its boiling point).
The 4,6-disubstituted and 2,4,6-trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives having the structural formula (I) can be synthesized, without limitation, according to one or more of the following procedures.
Suitable examples of nucleophilic reagents include, but are not limited to, sodium or potassium alkoxides, sodium or potassium alkenyl oxides, sodium or potassium cycloalkyl oxides, sodium or potassium cycloalkenyl oxides, sodium or potassium aryl oxides, sodium or potassium arylalkyl oxides, sodium or potassium cycloalkyl-alkyl oxides, sodium or potassium heterocyclic oxides, sodium or potassium heterocyclic-substituted alkyl oxides, and the correspondingly respective sodium or potassium thiolates. The respective oxides and thiolates may also be prepared in situ using methods know to the skilled person. Step (e) is preferably performed in an aprotic solvent such as, for example, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran. Introduction of a nucleophilic substituent R4A on position 4 of the quinazoline scaffold in step (e) may concomitantly lead to deprotection of the amino group at position 2 of said scaffold (as shown in
In order to introduce a carbon linker at position 4 of the quinazoline scaffold, i.e. when A is a bond, C1-7 alkylene, C2-4 alkenylene, or C2-7 alkynylene, then a nucleophilic displacement reaction can be effected by mixing the 2-(protected amino)-4-chloro-6-substituted or 2-(protected amino)-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-6-substituted quinazoline derivative with an appropriate Grignard reagent in a dry, polar, aprotic solvent such as for example 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran. A broad range of suitable Grignard reagents is commercially available such as, but not limited to, benzylmagnesiunn chloride, methylmagnesium bromide, methylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium iodide, ethylmagnesium bromide, ethylmagnesium chloride, propylmagnesium chloride, n-butylmagnesium chloride, sec-butylmagnesium chloride, tert-butylmagnesium chloride, pentylmagnesium bromide, allylmagnesium bromide, allylmagnesium chloride, ethynylmagnesium chloride, (trimethylsilyl)methylmagnesium chloride, phenylmagnesium bromide, 4-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide, 4-chlorophenylmagnesium bromide, 4-fluorophenylmagnesium bromide, 1-naphthylmagnesium bromide, phenyl-magnesium chloride, vinylmagnesium bromide, vinylmagnesium chloride, cyclohexylmagnesium chloride, and the like. Alternatively, the above-listed Grignard reagents as well as those which are not commercially available are obtainable using methods well known to the skilled person, or can be made in situ if desired. Alternatively, 2-(protected amino)-4-chloro-6-substituted quinazoline derivatives can also serve as excellent starting materials for a wide variety of organometallic cross-coupling reactions, which are well known in the art (see e.g. F. Diederich et al., Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling reactions, Wiley-VCH, New York, 1998). Examples of cross-coupling reactions include, but are not limited to, a Negishi reaction (i.e. a nickel or palladium catalyzed coupling of organozinc compounds with an aryl- or heteroarylhalide), Stille coupling (i.e. a palladium catalysed coupling reaction between an aryl- or heteroaryl halide and a stannane), Suzuki coupling (i.e. a palladium catalysed cross coupling reaction between an organoboronic acid and an aryl- or heteroarylhalide), Kumada coupling (which is a palladium or nickel catalyzed coupling of a Grignard reagent with an aryl- or heteroarylhalide), Heck reaction (which is the palladium-catalyzed C—C coupling between an aryl- or heteroaryl halide and an activated alkene in the presence of a base), Sonogashira reaction (i.e. the coupling of a terminal alkyne with an aryl- or heteroarylhalide with a palladium catalyst, a copper (I) co-catalyst, and an amine base). In each of the above types of reaction, the 4-chloroquinazoline moiety will serve as the heteroaryl halide.
In particular, optionally mono-substituted or di-substituted benzaldehydes suitable as starting materials for the reaction of step (a) of the method illustrated by
Suitable commercially available reagents for use in step (d) of
Most of these methods make use of a boronic acid, or a pinacol ester thereof, for introducing a substituent at position 6 of the pteridine core structure. For this purpose, suitable aryl-boronic acids include, but are not limited to, the following commercially available materials wherein the aryl group is 3-acetamidophenyl, 4-acetamidophenyl, 4-acetylphenyl, 3-acetylphenyl, 2-acetylphenyl, 5-acetyl-2-chlorophenyl, 4-acetyl-3-fluorophenyl, 5-acetyl-2-fluorophenyl, 4-(4′-allyloxycarbonylpiperazino)phenyl, 3-amino-carbonylphenyl, 4-aminocarbonylphenyl, 2-amino-5-chlorophenyl, 4-amino-3-methoxy-phenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 2-amino-4-methylphenyl, 2-amino-5-methylphenyl, 4-amino-2-methylphenyl, 5-amino-2-methylphenyl, 4-amino-3-nitrophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 2-aminophenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-benzyloxyphenyl, 3-benzyloxyphenyl, 2-benzyloxyphenyl, 4-benzyloxy-2-fluorophenyl, 4-benzyloxy-3-fluorophenyl, 3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl, 4-biphenyl, 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 4-bromophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl, 2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl, 4-n-butylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 3-carboxyphenyl, 2-carboxyphenyl, 2-carboxy-5-fluorophenyl, 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenyl, 4-carboxy-2-chlorophenyl, 5-carboxy-2-chlorophenyl, 4-carboxy-3-chlorophenyl, 3-carboxyphenyl, 3-(3-carboxypropionyl-amino)phenyl, 4-(3-carboxypropionylamino)phenyl, 2-chloro-5-formylphenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-5-hydroxymethylphenyl, 3-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-4-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-5-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-chloro-2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 4-cyanomethoxyphenyl, 3-cyanomethoxyphenyl, 2-cyanomethoxyphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 3,5-dibromophenyl, 3-(N-cyclopropyl-aminocarbonyl)phenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3-(N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl)phenyl, 3,5-difluoro-phenyl, 3,5-difluoro-2-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 2,6-difluorophenyl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorophenyl, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl, 3-(N,N-dimethylamino-carbonyl)phenyl, 3-[(N′,N′-dimethylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl]phenyl, 4-[(N′,N′-dimethyl-amino)ethylaminocarbonyl]phenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethyl-phenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxyphenyl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxycarbonylphenyl, 3-ethoxycarbonylphenyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-(3-ethoxycarbonylpiperidino)carboxamidophenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-formylphenyl, 4-fluoro-3-formylphenyl, 4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-5-methoxy-phenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 5-fluoro-2-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4-trifluoro-methylphenyl, 2-formylaminophenyl, 3-formylaminophenyl, 4-formylaminophenyl, 2-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl, 3-formyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 5-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl, 2-formyl-5-methylphenyl, 4-formylphenyl, 3-formylphenyl, 2-formylphenyl, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminocarbonylphenyl, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-carbonylphenyl, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl, 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl, 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl, 4-hydroxy-phenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-(4-isopropylpiper-azinyl)phenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-methanesulfonamidophenyl, 3-methane-sulfonamidophenyl, 2-methanesulfonamidophenyl, 4-methanesulfonylphenyl, 2-methoxy-5-formylphenyl, 5-methoxy-2-formylphenyl, 4-methoxy-2-formylphenyl, 4-methoxy-carbonylphenyl, 3-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 2-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl, 4-N-methylcarboxamidophenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-(N-methylamino)phenyl, 3-(4-methyl-piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl, 4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl, 4-(methylthio)-phenyl, 3-(methylthio)phenyl, 2-(methylthio)phenyl, 4-morpholinophenyl, 4-(morpholino-carbonyl)phenyl, 2-morpholinomethyl)phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 4-(N-phenylaminomethyl)phenyl, 4-(phenylcarbonyl)phenyl, 4-(piperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl, 4-piperazinylphenyl, 3-succinamidophenyl, 4-succinamidophenyl, sulfamoylphenyl, 2-(toluene-4-sulfonamido)phenyl, 3-(toluene-4-sulfonamido)phenyl, 4-(toluene-4-sulfonamido)phenyl, 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxyphenyl, 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl, 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl, 4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)phenyl, 4-(2-thienyl)phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 4-(trimethylammonium)methylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenyl, 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoro-methylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, 6-benzyloxy-2-naphthyl, 1-naphthalyl, 2-naphthalyl, or 1-biphenylyl.
For the purpose of making the compounds of the present invention, suitable heterocyclic-boronic acids or pinacol esters thereof include, but are not limited to, the following commercially available materials wherein the heterocyclic group is 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl (benzodioxolyl), 2-acetamidopyridin-5-yl, 2-aminopyridin-5-yl, 2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl, 1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 2-benzothienyl, 1-benzothiophen-3-yl, 1-benzothiophen-2-yl, 2-benzyloxypyridin-5-yl, 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 2-bromo-3-chloropyridin-4-yl, 5-bromo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan-7-yl, 2-bromo-3-methylpyridin-5-yl, 3-bromopyridin-5-yl, 2-bromopyridin-5-yl, 5-bromothien-2-yl, 2-chloro-6-isopropylpyridin-3-yl, 2-chloro-3-methylpyridin-5-yl, 2-[4-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridin-5-yl, 2-chloropyrid-4-yl, 2-chloropyrid-5-yl, 5-chlorothien-2-yl, dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl, 2-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-4-yl, dibenzo[b,d]thien-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl, 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridine-1-tert-butoxycarbonyl, 2,5-dibromo-3-pyridinyl, 2,6-dichloro-pyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl, 2,6-dimethoxypyridin-5-yl, 2,6-dimethoxypyridin-3-yl, 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, 2-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)-pyridin-5-yl, 3,5-dimethylpyrazol-4-yl, 1-[1,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-pyrimidinyl, 2,4-di(tert-butoxy)pyrimidin-5-yl, 2-ethoxypyridin-3-yl, 2-fluoro-3-methylpyridin-5-yl, 2-fluoropyridin-3-yl, 2-fluoropyridin-5-yl, 5-formyl-2-furyl, 5-formylthien-2-yl, furan-3-yl, furan-2-yl, 2-hydroxypyridin-5-yl, 5-indolyl, 1-isobutyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, isoquinolin-4-yl, 2-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl, 5-methyl-1-benzothiophen-2-yl, H-pyrazol-5-methylfuran-2-yl, 1-methylindol-5-yl, 5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl, 5-(methylthio)thien-2-yl, 2-(4-methyl-piperazinyl)pyridin-4-yl, 2-(4-methylpiperazinyl)pyridin-5-yl, 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 3-methylpyridin-2-yl, 5-methylpyridin-2-yl, 5-methylpyridin-3-yl, 4-methylthien-2-yl, 5-methylthien-2-yl, 2-methoxypyridin-5-yl, 2-(2-morpholinoethylamino)-pyridin-5-yl, 2-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 2-(morpholin-1-yl)-pyridin-5-yl, 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl, 5-phenyl-2-thienyl, 2-(piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-5-yl, 2-(piperazin-1-yl)-pyridin-4-yl, 1-propyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, pyridin-4-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, 4-phenoxathiinyl, quinolin-8-yl, quinolin-3-yl, 2-(4-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazinyl)-pyrid-4-yl, 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-pyrrolyl, 1-(tert-butoxy-carbonyl)-5-bromo-1H-indol-2-yl, 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1H-indol-5-yl, 1-(tert-butoxy-carbonyl)-5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl, 1-thianthrenylthien-3-yl, thien-3-yl, thien-2-yl or 1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides certain disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives that may be useful as direct or indirect intermediates in the synthesis of the biologically active disubstituted and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives according to the first aspect of the invention. Without limitation, this group of intermediates includes quinazoline derivatives selected from the group consisting of:
In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a group of 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such quinazoline derivatives as a biologically active principle, having the above structural formula (I) and being in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The latter include any therapeutically active non-toxic addition salt which compounds having the general formula (I) are able to form with a salt-forming agent. Such addition salts may conveniently be obtained by treating the quinazoline derivatives of the invention with an appropriate salt-forming acid or base. For instance, 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives having basic properties may be converted into the corresponding therapeutically active, non-toxic acid addition salt form by treating the free base form with a suitable amount of an appropriate acid following conventional procedures. Examples of such appropriate salt-forming acids include, for instance, inorganic acids resulting in forming salts such as but not limited to hydrohalides (e.g. hydrochloride and hydrobromide), sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, diphosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, and the like; and organic monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acids resulting in forming salts such as, for example, acetate, propanoate, hydroxyacetate, 2-hydroxypropanoate, 2-oxo-propanoate, lactate, pyruvate, oxalate, malonate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, malate, tartrate, citrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzoate, 2-hydroxybenzoate, 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, salicylate, p-amino-salicylate, pamoate, bitartrate, camphorsulfonate, edetate, 1,2-ethanedisulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, gluconate, glutamate, hexylresorcinate, hydroxynaphthoate, hydroxyethanesulfonate, mandelate, methylsulfate, pantothenate, stearate, as well as salts derived from ethanedioic, propanedioic, butanedioic, (Z)-2-butenedioic, (E)-2-butenedioic, 2-hydroxybutanedioic, 2,3-dihydroxybutane-dioic, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic and cyclohexanesulfamic acids and the like.
2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives having the structural formula (I) and having acidic properties may be converted in a similar manner into the corresponding therapeutically active, non-toxic base addition salt form. Examples of appropriate salt-forming bases include, for instance, inorganic bases like metallic hydroxides such as but not limited to those of alkali and alkaline-earth metals like calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, or zinc, resulting in the corresponding metal salt; organic bases such as but not limited to ammonia, alkylamines, benzathine, hydrabamine, arginine, lysine, N,N′-dibenzylethylene-diamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylene-diamine, N-methyl-glucamine, procaine and the like.
Reaction conditions for treating the 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives having the structural formula (I) of this invention with an appropriate salt-forming acid or base are similar to standard conditions involving the same acid or base but different organic compounds with basic or acidic properties, respectively. Preferably, in view of its use in a pharmaceutical composition or in the manufacture of a medicament for treating specific diseases, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt will be designed, i.e. the salt-forming acid or base will be selected so as to impart greater water-solubility, lower toxicity, greater stability and/or slower dissolution rate to the quinazoline derivative of this invention.
The present invention further provides the use of a 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative represented by the structural formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof or a stereoisomer thereof or a pro-drug form thereof, as a biologically-active ingredient, i.e. active principle, especially as a medicine or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of viral infections, especially due to Flaviridae, and pathologic conditions associated therewith such as, but not limited to, hepatitis C.
The invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
In another embodiment, this invention provides combinations, preferably synergistic combinations, of one or more 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivatives represented by the structural formula (I) with one or more other antiviral agents. As is conventional in the art, the evaluation of a synergistic effect in a drug combination may be made by analyzing the quantification of the interactions between individual drugs, using the median effect principle described by Chou et al. in Adv. Enzyme Reg. (1984) 22:27. Briefly, this principle states that interactions (synergism, additivity, antagonism) between two drugs can be quantified using the combination index (hereinafter referred as CI) defined by the following equation:
wherein EDx is the dose of the first or respectively second drug used alone (1a, 2a), or in combination with the second or respectively first drug (1c, 2c), which is needed to produce a given effect. The said first and second drug have synergistic or additive or antagonistic effects depending upon CI<1, CI=1, or CI>1, respectively. As will be explained in more detail herein below, this principle may be applied to a number of desirable effects such as, but not limited to, anti-viral activity against HCV.
The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition or combined preparation having synergistic effects against a viral infection, especially a hepatitis C virus infection, and containing:
Suitable anti-viral agents for inclusion into the synergistic antiviral compo-sitions or combined preparations of this invention include, for instance, retroviral enzyme inhibitors belonging to categories well known in the art, such as HIV-1 IN inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. zidovudine, lamivudine, didanosine, stavudine, zalcitabine and the like), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. nevirapine, delavirdine and the like), other reverse transcriptase inhibitors (e.g. foscamet sodium and the like), and HIV-1 protease inhibitors (e.g. saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir and the like). Other suitable antiviral agents include for instance acemannan, acyclovir, adefovir, alovudine, alvircept, amantadine, aranotin, arildone, atevirdine, pyridine, cidofovir, cipamfylline, cytarabine, desciclovir, disoxaril, edoxudine, enviradene, enviroxime, famciclovir, famotine, fiacitabine, fialuridine, floxuridine, fosarilate, fosfonet, ganciclovir, idoxuridine, kethoxal, lobucavir, memotine, methisazone, penciclovir, pirodavir, somantadine, sorivudine, tilorone, trifluridine, valaciclovir, vidarabine, viroxime, zinviroxime, moroxydine, podophyllotoxin, ribavirine, rimantadine, stallimycine, statolon, tromantadine and xenazoic acid, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
Especially relevant to this aspect of the invention is the inhibition of the replication of hepatitis C virus, in particular in human beings. Therefore, of particular relevance in the context of HCV prevention or treatment is co-administration with one or more other agents aiming at HCV inhibition well known in the art, such as but not limited to, (pegylated) interferon alpha, ribavirin, an NS3 protease inhibitor (such as telaprivir), or nucleoside- or non-nucleoside-based inhibitors of NS5B polymerase. Synergistic activity of the pharmaceutical compositions or combined preparations of this invention against viral infection may be readily determined by means of one or more tests such as, but not limited to, the isobologram method, as previously described by Elion et al. in J. Biol. Chem. (1954) 208:477-488 and by Baba et al. in Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1984) 25:515-517, using EC50 for calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (hereinafter referred as FIC). When the minimum FIC index corresponding to the FIC of combined compounds (e.g., FICx+FICy) is equal to 1.0, the combination is said to be additive; when it is between 1.0 and 0.5, the combination is defined as sub-synergistic, and when it is lower than 0.5, the combination is by defined as synergistic. When the minimum FIC index is between 1.0 and 2.0, the combination is defined as subantagonistic and, when it is higher than 2.0, the combination is defined as antagonistic.
The pharmaceutical composition or combined preparation with synergistic activity against viral infection according to this invention may contain the 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative having the structural formula (I) over a broad content range depending on the contemplated use and the expected effect of the preparation. Generally, the 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative content of the combined preparation is within the range of from 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably from about 5 to 95% by weight.
The pharmaceutical compositions and combined preparations according to this invention may be administered orally or in any other suitable fashion. Oral administration is preferred and the preparation may have the form of a tablet, aqueous dispersion, dispersable powder or granule, emulsion, hard or soft capsule, syrup, elixir or gel. The dosing forms may, be prepared using any method known in the art for manufacturing these pharmaceutical compositions and may comprise as additives sweeteners, flavoring agents, coloring agents, preservatives and the like. Carrier materials and excipients are detailed herein below and may include, inter alia, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, binding agents and the like. The pharmaceutical composition or combined preparation of this invention may be included in a gelatin capsule mixed with any inert solid diluent or carrier material, or has the form of a soft gelatin capsule, in which the ingredient is mixed with a water or oil medium. Aqueous dispersions may comprise the biologically active composition or combined preparation in combination with a suspending agent, dispersing agent or wetting agent. Oil dispersions may comprise suspending agents such as a vegetable oil. Rectal administration is also applicable, for instance in the form of suppositories or gels. Injection (e.g. intramuscularly or intraperiteneously) is also applicable as a mode of administration, for instance in the form of injectable solutions or dispersions, depending upon the disorder to be treated and the condition of the patient.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” as used herein in relation to pharmaceutical compositions and combined preparations means any material or substance with which the active principle, i.e. the 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative having the general formula (I), and optionally the one or more other antiviral agents, may be formulated in order to facilitate its application or dissemination to the locus to be treated, for instance by dissolving, dispersing or diffusing the said composition, and/or to facilitate its storage, transport or handling without impairing its effectiveness. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may be a solid or a liquid or a gas which has been compressed to form a liquid, i.e. the compositions of this invention can suitably be used as concentrates, emulsions, solutions, granulates, dusts, sprays, aerosols, pellets or powders.
Suitable pharmaceutical carriers for use in the said pharmaceutical compo-sitions and their formulation are well known to those skilled in the art. There is no particular restriction to their selection within the present invention although, due to the usually low or very low water-solubility of the quinazoline derivatives of this invention, special attention will be paid to the selection of suitable carrier combinations that can assist in properly formulating them in view of the expected time release profile. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include additives such as wetting agents, dispersing agents, stickers, adhesives, emulsifying or surface-active agents, thickening agents, complexing agents, gelling agents, solvents, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents (for example phenol, sorbic acid, chlorobutanol), isotonic agents (such as sugars or sodium chloride) and the like, provided the same are consistent with pharmaceutical practice, i.e. carriers and additives which do not create permanent damage to mammals.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be prepared in any known manner, for instance by homogeneously mixing, dissolving, spray-drying, coating and/or grinding the active ingredients, in a one-step or a multi-steps procedure, with the selected carrier material and, where appropriate, the other additives such as surface-active agents. may also be prepared by micronisation, for instance in view to obtain them in the form of microspheres usually having a diameter of about 1 to 10 μm, namely for the manufacture of microcapsules for controlled or sustained release of the biologically active ingredient(s).
Suitable surface-active agents to be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and/or wetting properties. Suitable anionic surfactants include both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active agents. Suitable soaps are alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts, unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C10-C22), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures obtainable form coconut oil or tallow oil. Synthetic surfactants include sodium or calcium salts of polyacrylic acids; fatty sulphonates and sulphates; sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives and alkylarylsulphonates. Fatty sulphonates or sulphates are usually in the form of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts, unsubstituted ammonium salts or ammonium salts substituted with an alkyl or acyl radical having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulphonic acid or dodecylsulphonic acid or a mixture of fatty alcohol sulphates obtained from natural fatty acids, alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salts of sulphuric or sulphonic acid esters (such as sodium lauryl sulphate) and sulphonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts. Suitable sulphonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Examples of alkylarylsulphonates are the sodium, calcium or alkanolamine salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonic acid or dibutyl-naphthalenesulphonic acid or a naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensation product. Also suitable are the corresponding phosphates, e.g. salts of phosphoric acid ester and an adduct of p-nonylphenol with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, or phospholipids. Suitable phospholipids for this purpose are the natural (originating from animal or plant cells) or synthetic phospholipids of the cephalin or lecithin type such as e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerine, lysolecithin, cardiolipin, dioctanylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphoshatidylcholine and their mixtures.
Suitable non-ionic surfactants include polyethoxylated and polypropoxylated derivatives of alkylphenols, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, aliphatic amines or amides containing at least 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, alkylarenesuiphonates and dialkylsulphosuccinates, such as polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic alcohols, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives preferably containing 3 to 10 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkylphenol. Further suitable non-ionic surfactants are water-soluble adducts of polyethylene oxide with polypropylene glycol, ethylenediamino-polypropylene glycol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts contain 20 to 250 ethyleneglycol ether groups and/or 10 to 100 propyleneglycol ether groups. Such compounds usually contain from 1 to 5 ethyleneglycol units per propyleneglycol unit. Representative examples of non-ionic surfactants are nonylphenol-polyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycolic ethers, polypropylene/polyethylene oxide adducts, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethyleneglycol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. Fatty acid esters of polyethylene sorbitan (such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate), glycerol, sorbitan, sucrose and pentaerythritol are also suitable non-ionic surfactants.
Suitable cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts, preferably halides, having four hydrocarbon radicals optionally substituted with halo, phenyl, substituted phenyl or hydroxy; for instance quaternary ammonium salts containing as N-substituent at least one C8-C22 alkyl radical (e.g. cetyl, lauryl, palmityl, myristyl, oleyl and the like) and, as further sub-stituents, unsubstituted or halogenated lower alkyl, benzyl and/or hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl radicals.
A more detailed description of surface-active agents suitable for this purpose may be found for instance in “McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual” (MC Publishing Crop., Ridgewood, N.J., 1981), “Tensid-Taschenbuch”, 2nd ed. (Hanser Verlag, Vienna, 1981) and “Encyclopaedia of Surfactants (Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1981).
Structure-forming, thickening or gel-forming agents may be included into the pharmaceutical compositions and combined preparations of the invention. Suitable such agents are in particular highly dispersed silicic acid, such as the product commercially available under the trade name Aerosil; bentonites; tetraalkyl ammonium salts of montmorillonites (e.g., products commercially available under the trade name Bentone), wherein each of the alkyl groups may contain from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; cetostearyl alcohol and modified castor oil products (e.g. the product commercially available under the trade name Antisettle).
Gelling agents which may be included into the pharmaceutical compositions and combined preparations of the present invention include, but are not limited to, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate and the like; natural gums such as arabic gum, xanthum gum, tragacanth gum, guar gum and the like; gelatin; silicon dioxide; synthetic polymers such as carbomers, and mixtures thereof. Gelatin and modified celluloses represent a preferred class of gelling agents.
Other optional excipients which may be included in the pharmaceutical compositions and combined preparations of the present invention include additives such as magnesium oxide; azo dyes; organic and inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide; UV-absorbers; stabilisers; odor masking agents; viscosity enhancers; antioxidants such as, for example, ascorbyl palmitate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and the like, and mixtures thereof; preservatives such as, for example, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, propyl gallate, benzylalcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and the like; sequestering agents such as ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid; flavoring agents such as natural vanillin; buffers such as citric acid and acetic acid; extenders or bulking agents such as silicates, diatomaceous earth, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide; densification agents such as magnesium salts; and mixtures thereof.
Additional ingredients may be included in order to control the duration of action of the biologically-active ingredient in the compositions and combined preparations of the invention. Control release compositions may thus be achieved by selecting appropriate polymer carriers such as for example polyesters, polyamino-acids, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, methylcellulose, carboxy-methylcellulose, protamine sulfate and the like. The rate of drug release and duration of action may also be controlled by incorporating the active ingredient into particles, e.g. microcapsules, of a polymeric substance such as hydrogels, polylactic acid, hydroxymethyl-cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate and the other above-described polymers. Such methods include colloid drug delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microemulsions, nanoparticles, nanocapsules and so on. Depending on the route of administration, the pharmaceutical composition or combined preparation of the invention may also require protective coatings.
Pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation thereof. Typical carriers for this purpose therefore include biocompatible aqueous buffers, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, complexing agents such as cyclodextrins and the like, and mixtures thereof.
Other modes of local drug administration can also be used. For example, the selected active agent may be administered topically, in an ointment, gel or the like, or transdermally, using a conventional transdermal drug delivery system.
Since, in the case of combined preparations including the 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative of this invention and one or more other antiviral agents, both ingredients do not necessarily bring out their synergistic therapeutic effect directly at the same time in the patient to be treated, the said combined preparation may be in the form of a medical kit or package containing the two ingredients in separate but adjacent form. In the latter context, each ingredient may therefore be formulated in a way suitable for an administration route different from that of the other ingredient, e.g. one of them may be in the form of an oral or parenteral formulation whereas the other is in the form of an ampoule for intravenous injection or an aerosol.
The present invention further relates to a method for treating hepatitis C in a patient, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human being. The method of this invention consists of administering to the patient in need thereof an effective amount of a 2,4,6-di- and trisubstituted quinazoline derivative having the general formula (I), optionally together with an effective amount of one or more other antiviral agents, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, such as disclosed above in extensive details.
The therapeutically effective amount of a 2,4,6-di- or trisubstituted quinazoline derivative having the structural formula (I) is usually in the range of about 0.01 mg to 20 mg, preferably about 0.1 mg to 5 mg, per day per kg bodyweight for humans. Depending upon the pathologic condition to be treated and the patient's condition, the said effective amount may be divided into several sub-units per day or may be administered at more than one day intervals. The patient to be treated may be any warm-blooded animal, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human being, suffering from said pathologic condition.
The present invention will be further described with reference to certain more specific embodiments and examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto but only by the attached claims. The following examples are given by way of illustration only.
This compound may be made by any of the following methods:
This method has been described by O′Hara et al. in J. Org. Chem. (1991) 56, 776-785. A solution consisting of 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid (8.64 g, 40 mmol), cyanamide (2.52 g, 60 mmol) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (3 ml) in absolute ethanol (100 ml) was refluxed for 6 hours. At 1 h intervals, 0.5 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture. After cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol yielding the title compound as a white solid (3.5 g, yield: 36%).
A mixture of 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid (5.4 g, 25 mmol), chloro-formamidine hydrochloride (5.75 g, 50 mmol), sulfolane (1 ml) and dimethylsulfone (12 g) was heated at 165° C. for 30 minutes. Then, water (100 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the pH was adjusted to 7-8 by the addition of a 33% aqueous ammonia solution in water. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over P2O5, yielding the title compound as a yellowish solid (5.7 g, yield: 95%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 240 ([M+H]+, 100).
A suspension of 2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid (5.4 g, 25 mmol) in formamide (40 ml) was heated at 165° C. for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water (100 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over P2O5, yielding the title compound as a white solid (5.3 g, yield: 95%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 225 ([M+H]+, 100).
A mixture of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzonitrile (1.07 g, 7.0 mmol), chloro-formamidine hydrochloride (1.6 g, 14 mmol), sulfolane (0.5 ml) and dimethylsulfone (3 g) was heated at 165° C. for 30 minutes. Then, water (30 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The pH was adjusted to 7-8 by the addition of a 33% aqueous ammonia solution in water. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over P2O5, yielding the title compound as a yellowish solid (1.35 g, yield: 99%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 195 ([M+H]+, 100).
A solution of 2-amino-5-chlorobenzonitrile (1.07 g, 7.0 mmol) in formamide (20 ml) was heated at 180° C. for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, water (30 ml) was added to the reaction mixture. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried over P2O5, yielding the title compound as a grey solid (1.2 g, yield: 95%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 180 ([M+H]+, 100).
A mixture of the compound of example 1 (2.4 g, 10 mmol), 3,4-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid (1.82 g, 10 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.5 g, 0.43 mmol) in dioxane (150 ml) and water (50 ml) was heated under reflux till the starting materials disappeared on TLC. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was neutralized with acetic acid till pH 6-7. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and diethyl ether to afford the title compound as a grey solid (3.0 g, yield: 90%). The crude product was used in the following step without further purification and was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 298 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 4-fluorophenylboronic acid in 90% yield using the same procedure as in example 5, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 256 ([M+H]+, 100).
A mixture of 6-bromo-4-hydroxy-quinazoline (2.4 g, 10 mmol), 4-fluoro-phenylboronic acid (1.54 g, 11 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (0.5 g, 0.43 mmol) in dioxane (150 ml) and water (50 ml) was heated under reflux for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was neutralized with acetic acid to pH 6-7. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and diethyl ether to yield the crude product. The crude residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography, the mobile phase being a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (in a ratio of 1:40), yielding the pure title compound as a white solid (2.15 g, yield: 95%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 241 ([M+H]+, 100).
A suspension of crude 2-amino-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline (3.0 g, 10 mmol) in acetic anhydride (20 ml) was refluxed for 40 minutes. After concentration under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography, the mobile phase being a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (in a ratio of 1:40), yielding the title compound as a white solid (3.05 g, yield: 90%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 340 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-hydroxy-quinazoline in 85% yield using the procedure as in example 8, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 282 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, prepared from 2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline in 95% yield using the same procedure as in example 8, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 298 ([M+H]+, 100).
To a mixture of 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-hydroxy-quinazoline (2.82 g, 10 mmol) and 1,2,4-triazole (6.9 g, 100 mmol) in acetonitrile (100 ml) was added diisopropylethylamine (3.5 ml, 30 mmol) and POCl3 (2.8 ml, 30 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The precipitate was collected, washed with ethanol, diethylether, and dried over P2O5 in a vacuum dessicator to yield the title compound as yellow solid (3.3 g). The crude product was used in the following reaction without further purification and was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 333 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-acetamido-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, using the same procedure as in example 11, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 391 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-acetamido-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline using the same procedure as in example 11, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 349 ([M+H]+, 100).
To 2-methoxyethanol (10 ml) was added NaH (80 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline (167 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added to this solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography, the mobile phase being a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (in a ratio of 1:80), yielding the title compound as a white solid (140 mg, yield: 94%) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 298 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol in 85% yield using the same procedure as in example 14, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 322 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and isopropanol in 86% yield, using the same procedure as in example 14, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 282 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine in 78% yield, using the same procedure as in example 14, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 353 ([M+H]+, 100)
To isopropanol (10 ml) was added NaH (80 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, 2-acetamido-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline (195 mg, 0.5 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 20 minutes and then heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography, the mobile phase being a mixture of isopropanol/dichloromethane (in a volume ratio of 1:50), yielding the title compound (140 mg, yield: 82%) as a white solid was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 340 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-acetamido-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and ethanol in 90% yield using the same procedure as in example 18, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 284 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-acetamido-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and 2-methoxyethanol in 84% yield using the same procedure as in example 18, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 299 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-acetamido-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and isopropanol in 85% yield using the same procedure as in example 18, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 283 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and cyclopropanemethanol in 85% yield using the same procedure as in example 18, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 294 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-acetamido-6-bromo-4-(1,2,4-triazolyl)-quinazoline and ethanol in 93% yield using the same procedure as in example 18, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 283 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, prepared from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-quinazoline and 4-fluorophenylboronic acid in 97% yield, using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 310 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-quinazoline and 4-fluorophenylboronic acid in 64% yield, using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 369 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-quinazoline and 4-fluorophenylboronic acid in 89% yield, using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 338 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-isopropoxy-quinazoline and 4-acetamido-phenylboronic acid in 84% yield as a white solid using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 298 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)-quinazoline and 4-acetamido-phenylboronic acid in 66% yield, using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 353 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-quinazoline and 4-acetamidophenylboronic acid in 82% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 408 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazoline and 4-acetamido-phenylboronic acid in 93% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 323 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(cyclopropyl-methoxy)-quinazoline and 4-acetamido-phenylboronic acid in 86% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 349 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, synthesized from 2-amino-6-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-quinazoline and 4-acetamido-phenylboronic acid in 82% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 377 ([M+H]+, 100)
To a suspension of 4-hydroxy-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline (720 mg, 3 mmol) in toluene (20 ml) was added diisopropylethylamine (1.5 ml, 9 mmol) and POCl3 (0.84 ml, 9 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 1 hour. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in dichloromethane and the organic layer was washed with ice water till pH 6-7. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated to yield the title compound as a yellow solid (700 mg, yield: 90%) was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 259 ([M+H]+, 100).
To absolute ethanol (10 ml) was added NaH (80 mg of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, 4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline (52 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added to this solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for another 30 minutes. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo and the crude residue was purified by silica gel flash chromatography, the mobile phase being a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane in a volume ratio of 1:100), yielding the title compound as a white solid (46 mg, yield: 88%) was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 269 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline and 2-methoxy-ethanol in 73% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 299 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline and benzyl alcohol in 76% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 331 ([M+H]+, 100).
This compound, obtained from 4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline and n-butanol in 92% yield using the procedure described for the synthesis of 4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline, was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 297 ([M+H]+, 100).
In the following, the synthesized compounds are characterized by Mass spectral data and HPLC retention times. The HPLC retention times are reported based on or using the following chromatographic conditions:
Temperature: ambient
Temperature: ambient
Starting materials for further examples described below were synthesized as follows:
Boronic acids, or esters thereof, for use in the synthesis of examples below were purchased, or synthesized as follows:
To a solution of 4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid (248.1 mg, 1 mmol), EDC (191.7 mg, 1 mmol) and HOBt (135.1 mg, 1 mmol) in DCM (3 mL), was added diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (0.26 ml, 1.5 mmol). After stirring vigorously for 0.5 hours, 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethylamine (0.15 ml, 1.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred overnight, diluted with EtOAc (20 ml) and washed twice with brine. The organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate and concentrated to provide the crude product (230 mg, 66.8% yield), which used without further purification.
In the same manner, analogous boronate esters were synthesized using 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propylamine (77% yield), 2-(1-Methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethylamine(74% yield), 1,1-Dimethyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylamine (72% yield), 1,1-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethylamine (74% yield), 1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-ylamine (68% yield) and 1-Amino-cyclopropanecarbonitrile (65% yield).
A solution of NaNO2 (145 mg, 2.12 mmol) in H2O (0.3 ml) was added dropwise over 3 minutes to a precooled (0° C.) solution of 2-Fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenylamine (455 mg, 1.92 mmol) in concentrated aqueous HCl (0.7 ml) and glacial acetic acid (2 ml) with vigorous stirring. The resulting mixture was removed from the ice bath and allowed to warm for 15 minutes before re-cooling to 0° C. Meanwhile, a blue-green solution of CuCl2 (67.2 mg, 0.5 mmol) in 0.2 ml of H2O was added in one portion to a saturated solution of SO2 in glacial acetic acid (1.7 ml) at 0° C. with vigorous stirring to produce an opaque milky-green mixture. This was carefully added to the stirred diazo solution at 0° C. to produce a dark mixture with the evolution of gas. The reaction was removed from ice bath and warmed to room temperature for 1 hour before being poured into a beaker of stirred ice/water (10 ml). The grey solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (2×10 ml) and dried overnight in vacuo to give the sulfonyl chloride (430 mg, 81%). Ammonia (0.5M in dioxane, 5 equivalents) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight. Following concentration the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with brine and evaporated. The resulting crude sulfonamide (400 mg, 85% yield) was used without further purification.
The following compounds were synthesized using procedures analogous to those described for example 24, using the starting materials shown in table 1.
The following compounds were synthesized using procedures analogous to those described for example 25, starting from materials shown in table 2.
To a solution of 5-bromo-2-aminobenzoic acid (7.9 g, 36.6 mmole) in N-methylpyrrolidinone (20 ml) was added formamide (7.25 ml, 182.5 mmole). The reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. for 7 hours, cooled to room temperature, poured into water (400 ml) and stirred for 15 minutes. The resulting suspension was filtered through a sintered glass funnel to collect the precipitate. The solid was dried under vacuum for 16 hrs to give 7.0 g of a tan solid. The resulting compound was characterized as follows: mass spectrometry: M/Z 226; HPLC: method A, retention time (Rt) 1.51 minutes).
To a suspension of 6-Bromo-3H-quinazolin-4-one (1.5 g, 6.65 mmole) in 1,4-dioxane (30 ml) under nitrogen was added triethylamine (2.8 ml, 19.9 mmole). The resulting suspension was rapidly stirred while phosphorous oxychloride (1.85 ml, 19.9 mmole) was added over 5 minutes. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes, then heated at 80° C. for 30 minutes, when no starting material was detectable by LC/MS. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The insoluble material was collected by filtration and washed with water. The layers of the filtrate where separated and the organic layer was washed twice with water and once with brine. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting solid was combined with the collected precipitate and the mixture was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to give 760 mg after drying in vacuo. The resulting compound was characterized as follows: masspectrometry: M/Z=244; HPLC: method A, Rt 1.51 minutes.
Potassium t-butoxide (4.1 ml, 4.1 mmol; 1M in THF) was added to a suspension mixture of 6-bromo-4-chloro-quinazoline (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) and 2-propanol (0.313 ml, 4.1 mmol) in THF (20 ml). After stirring at 50° C. for 30 minutes, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and the THF was removed in vacuo. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate (50 ml) and the organic layer was washed with water followed by brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and the residue purified by silica gel chromatography with gradient of 11 to 32% ethylacetate-hexane. Product containing fractions were pooled and concentrated to afford the title compound as beige solid (0.93 g, yield: 85%). The resulting compound was characterized as follows: MS (m/z) 266.75 [M+H]+; HPLC Rt=1.68 minutes (Method A).
A mixture of 6-bromo-4-isopropoxy-quinazoline (17.9 mg, 0.067 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.13 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (10 mg) and 3-thiophenyl boronic acid (0.08 mmol) in DME (1 ml) and water (0.5 ml) was heated to 50° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through a 0.45 micron filter and diluted with ethyl acetate (2 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (1 ml), separated, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by passage through a pre-packed silica gel column, eluting with ethyl acetate. The solvents were concentrated in vacuo to provide the desired product as a white solid (10 mg, yield: 55%). The resulting compound was characterized as follows: MS (m/z) 271.09 [M+H]+; HPLC Rt=1.83 minutes (Method A).
The title compound was prepared in an analogous method to 4-isopropoxy-6-thiophene-3-yl-quinazoline, starting with 6-Bromo-4-isopropoxy-quinazoline and using 4-(N-methylaminocarbonyl)phenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized by its mass spectrum MS and HPLC retention time: MS (m/z) 321.03 [M+H]+; HPLC Rt=1.66 minutes (Method A).
The title compound was prepared in an analogous method to 4-(4-Isopropoxy-quinazolin-6-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide, using 2-methoxyethanol instead of isopropanol. The product was characterized by its mass spectrum MS and HPLC retention time: MS (m/z) 337.97 [M+H]+; HPLC Rt=1.52 minutes (Method A).
The title compound was prepared in an analogous method to 4-isopropoxy-6-thiophene-3-yl-quinazoline, starting with 6-Bromo-4-isopropoxy-quinazoline and using 1H-pyrazole-4-boronic acid. The product was characterized by its mass spectrum MS and HPLC retention time. MS (m/z) 241.05 [M+H]+; HPLC Rt=1.41 minutes (Method A).
The title compound was prepared in an analogous manner to example 34 using isopropyl alcohol. The compound was characterized by H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) as follows: δ 1.42 (6,d), 5.59 (1p, septet), 7.38 (2p, t), 7.82 (1p, dd), 7.96 (2p, d), 8.24 (2p, m) 8.78 (1p, s).
A suspension of 2-amino-5-bromobenzamide (250 mg, 1.16 mmol) and thiophosgene (200 mg, 1.74 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. Solvent was removed to provide 0.32 g of crude product which was used without further purification but characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 257 [M+H]+.
A solution of 6-bromo-2-mercaptoquinazolin-4-ol (0.32 g, 1.26 mmol), methyl iodide and sodium ethoxide in DMF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. HCl (1N, 3 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide 0.31 g of crude product which was used without further purification but characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 271 [M+H]+.
A suspension of 6-bromo-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4-ol (0.31 g, 1.14 mmol) and MCPBA (0.51 g, 2.28 mmol) (77%) in DCM (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with DCM and washed twice with NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide 0.32 g of crude product which was used without further purification but characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 303 [M+H]+.
A solution of 6-bromo-2-(methylsulfonyl)quinazolin-4-ol (0.16 g, 0.55 mmol), 2,6-lutidine (300 mg, 2.75 mmol) and 4-fluorobenzyl amine (306 mg, 2.75 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated at 70° C. overnight. Solvents were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by RP HPLC, using a C18 column with a gradient of 0.1% H2O, 0.1% TFA-acetonitrile, to provide the desired product 105 mg. The product was characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 348 [M+H]+.
A suspension of 2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-6-bromoquinazolin-4-ol (105 mg g, 0.224 mmol), 1,2,4-triazole (63 mg, 0.897 mmol), DIEA (144.5 mg, 1.12 mmol) and POCl3 (134 mg, 0.897 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed twice with brine. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide 0.12 g of crude product which was used without further purification but characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 399 [M+H]+.
A suspension of N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quina-zolin-2-amine (120 mg g, 0.3 mmol), (S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-ol (66 mg, 0.75 mmol) and potassium t-butoxide (0.75 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed twice with NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to provide 0.1 g of crude product which was used without further purification but characterized by mass spectrometry: MS (m/z) 418 [M+H]+.
(S)—N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)quinazolin-2-amine (50 mg, 0.12 mmol), potassium carbonate (33 mg, 0.24 mmol), tetrakis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium (8 mg, 0.007 mmol) and 4-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-carbamoyl)phenylboronic acid (36 mg, 0.132 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) and water (0.3 mL) was heated to 150° C. for 10 minutes under microwave irradiation. Solvents were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by RP HPLC, using a C18 column with a gradient of 0.1% H2O, 0.1% TFA-acetonitrile, to provide the desired product (41 mg) which was characterized by its mass spectrum as follows: MS (m/z): 530 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=1.26 minutes (Method B).
4-[(6-Bromo-4-hydroxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to 2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-6-bromoquinazolin-4-ol using 4-aminomethyl benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride.
4-[(6-Bromo-4-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzene-sulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)quinazolin-2-amine using 4-[(6-Bromo-4-hydroxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide.
4-[(6-Bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to (S)—N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yloxy)quinazolin-2-amine using ethanol as the reactant.
4-{[4-Ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfon-amide was made by an analogous procedure to (S)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)quinazolin-6-yl)-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyDbenzamide using 4-[(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and 4-fluorophenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 453 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC R=1.57 minutes (Method B).
4-{[6-(3-Cyclopropanesulfonylamino-4-fluoro-phenyl)-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using 4-[(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and 3-cyclopropane-sulfonylamino-4-fluoro-phenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized was follows: MS (m/z): 572 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.78 minutes (Method A).
4-{[6-(3-aminosulfonyl-phenyl)-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using 4-[(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and 3-aminosulfonyl-phenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 514 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.56 minutes (Method A).
Pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid {4-[4-ethoxy-2-(4-sulfamoyl-benzylamino)-quinazolin-6-yl]-phenyl}-amide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid [4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-amide. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 547 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.76 minutes (Method A).
4-{[4-Ethoxy-6-(4-ureido-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzene-sulfonamide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-Ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using 4-[(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and [4-(4,4,5,5-tetra-methyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenyl]-urea. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 493 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.51 minutes (Method A).
4-[4-ethoxy-2-(4-sulfamoyl-benzylamino)-quinazolin-6-yl]-benzamide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-Ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using 4-[(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and 4-aminocarbonylphenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 478 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.53 minutes (Method A).
N-Cyclopropyl-4-[4-ethoxy-2-(4-sulfamoyl-benzylamino)-quinazolin-6-yl]-benzamide was made by an analogous procedure to 4-{[4-Ethoxy-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazolin-2-ylamino]-methyl}-benzenesulfonamide using 4-[4-(6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-benzenesulfonamide and 4-(cyclopropylamino-carbonyl)phenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 518 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.68 minutes (Method A).
N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-amine was made by an analogous procedure to (S)—N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-quinazolin-2-amine using ethanol as the reactant.
4-ethoxy-2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-quinazoline was made by an analogous procedure to (S)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)quinazolin-6-yl)-N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)benzamide using N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-amine and 4-fluorophenyl boronic acid. The resulting product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 392 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=3.18 minutes (Method A).
N-Cyclopropyl-4-[4-ethoxy-2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-quinazolin-6-yl]-benzamide was made made by an analogous procedure to (S)-4-(2-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)quinazolin-6-yl)-N-(2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl)benzamide using N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-bromo-4-ethoxy-quinazolin-2-amine and 4-(cyclopropylaminocarbonyl)phenyl boronic acid. The product was characterized as follows: MS (m/z): 457 ([M+H]+, 100); HPLC Rt=2.97 minutes (Method A).
To a solution of 4-chloro-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-quinazoline (258 mg, 1 mmol) and Fe(acac)3 (17 mg, 0.05 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added n-propyl magnesium bromide (600 ul of 2M THF solution). The reaction was stirred at RT for 1 hour at RT then diluted with ether (5 ml) and quenched with 3 drops 2N HCl. The mixture was further diluted with ether and extracted with H2O. The aqueous layer was neutralized with a saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution and extracted 3× with ether. The combined organics were washed once with NaHCO3 and once with a saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on SiO2 using EtOAc/hex (10-30% EtOAc) to give the title compound (115 mg, 43% yield) which was characterized by mass spectrum as follows: (m/z): 267 ([M+H]) 100).
The anti HCV activity of the quinazoline derivatives of this invention was tested in a human hepatoma Huh-7 cell line harbouring a HCV replicon. The assay comprised the following steps:
Step 1: compound preparation and serial dilution
Step 2: to each well of the serial dilution plate prepared above, 100 μL of cell media containing 6000 suspended Huh-7 HCV replicon cells was added with a Multidrop workstation. The plates were incubated for 3 days at 37° C. with 5% CO2.
Step 3: detection:
Table 3 below shows EC50 and CC50 values (expressed in nM and μM respectively, i.e. nmol/l and μmol/l) of a few quinazoline derivatives tested in this assay. Results in the table below are expressed by the following data:
0
05
6
indicates data missing or illegible when filed
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BE07/00089 | 7/20/2007 | WO | 00 | 1/16/2009 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60807916 | Jul 2006 | US |
