Patent Application
20050182073
The present invention relates to novel 5-phenylpyrimidines, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use for controlling unwanted microorganisms. Moreover, the invention relates to novel intermediates and to processes for their preparation.
It is already known that certain 5-phenylpyrimidines have fungicidal properties (cf. WO 03/070721, WO 02/074753, WO 01/96314, WO 03/43993). The activity of these compounds is good; however, at low application rates it is sometimes unsatisfactory.
Accordingly, it was an object of the present invention to provide further compounds having good activity against microorganisms, in particular fungicidal activity.
We have now found novel 5-phenylpyrimidines of the formula
in which
Compared to the compounds known from the prior art, the compounds of the formula I have higher activity against unwanted microorganisms.
The compounds of the formula I can be obtained by different routes.
It has now been found that 5-phenylpyrimidines of the formula I in which R2 represents a heterocycle which is attached via nitrogen and R3 represents halogen (compounds of the formula (I′)) can be prepared (process a)) by oxidizing compounds of the formula
5-Phenylpyrimidines of the formula I in which R2 represents a heterocycle which is attached via carbon and R3 represents halogen (compounds of the formula (I″)) can be prepared (process b)) by reacting compounds of the formula
5-Phenylpyrimidines of the formula I in which R2 represents a heterocycle which is attached via nitrogen or carbon and R3 represents C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkylthio, C1-C8-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulphonyl or cyano (compounds of the formula I′″) can be prepared (process c)) by reacting compounds of the formula (I′) or (I″)
Alternatively, 5-phenylpyrimidines of the formula I (compounds of the formula (Iiv)) in which R2 represents a heterocycle which is attached via nitrogen or carbon and R3 represents C1-C8-alkyl or C1-C8-haloalkyl can be prepared (process d)) by reacting
Finally, it has been found that the 5-phenylpyrimidines of the formula (I) are highly suitable for controlling unwanted microorganisms. In particular, they have a potent fungicidal activity, and they can be employed both in crop protection and in the protection of material.
The compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention can, if appropriate, be present as mixtures of different possible isomeric forms, in particular of stereoisomers, such as E and Z, threo and erythro and also optical isomers, such as R and S isomers, or atropisomers, and, if appropriate, also of tautomers.
In the definitions of the symbols given in the formulae above, collective terms were used which are generally representative of the following substituents:
The particularly preferred embodiments of the intermediates with respect to the variables correspond to those of the radicals R1 to R8 of formula I.
For the end products of the formula (I) and also, correspondingly, for the starting materials or intermediates required in each case for the preparation, the following meanings of the substituents are particularly preferred, in each case on their own or in combination.
Preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which R1 represents C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C3-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, or represents a three- to ten-membered saturated mono- or bicyclic heterocycle which is attached via carbon and contains one heteroatom from the group consisting of O, N and S, where R1 may be substituted by one to three identical or different groups Ra.
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 is substituted by one to three identical or different of the groups Ra below: halogen, alkylamino, alkylhydrazino, cyano, oxo, nitro, C1-C4-alkylthio, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-haloalkyl, trimethylsilyl and/or C1-C4-alkoxy and/or unsubstituted or halogen-, C1-C4-alkyl- or C1-C4-haloalkyl-substituted C3-C6-cycloalkyl.
Particularly preferred substituents Ra are halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy or cyano.
Very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R1 is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by halogen, cyanol, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or trifluoromethyl.
Moreover, very particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I
in which
Very particular preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula I in which
Very particular preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula I in which
Preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 is an aromatic heterocycle.
Moreover, preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 is a three-, five- or six-membered, and in particular a five-membered, heterocycle.
Especially preferred are compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
In addition, preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 is a heterocycle which is attached via nitrogen to the pyrimidine ring.
Preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 represents the following groups: pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-triazole, tetrazole, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, furan, thiophene, thiazole, isothiazole, where the heterocycle is attached via carbon or nitrogen to the pyrimidine ring.
Preference is furthermore given to compounds of the formula (I) in which the cycle R2 represents pyridazine, pyrimidine or pyrazine.
Preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 represents pyrazole, pyrrole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, tetrazole, 2-pyridine, 2-pyrimidine, pyrazine or 3-pyridazine, optionally substituted by up to three groups Rb.
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 represents pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole or pyridazine.
In addition, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which the cycle R2 is substituted by one to three identical or different of the groups Rb below:
Particular preference is in particular given to compounds of the formula (I) in which the cycle R2 is substituted by one to three identical or different of the groups Rb below:
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R2 is unsubstituted or monosubstituted by halogen, cyanol, nitro, methyl or methoxy.
Moreover, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R3 represents halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl or C1-C6-alkoxy, in particular halogen.
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R3 represents chlorine.
Preference is furthermore given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R4 and R8 do not represent hydrogen.
Moreover, preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R4 represents hydrogen.
Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R4 represents hydrogen or halogen and R8 represents halogen or methyl.
In addition, particular preference is given to compounds of the formula (I) in which R5, R6 and R7 are unsubstituted.
Furthermore, particular preference is given to compounds I in which R5 and R7 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or halogen.
Moreover, particular preference is given to compounds I in which R6 represents hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, C1-C4-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C4-alkylmercapto, C1-C4-alkylsulphinyl, C1-C4-alkylsulphonyl, alkylaminosulphonyl or dialkylaminosulphonyl.
In particular with a view to their use, preference is given to the compounds I compiled in the tables below. The groups mentioned a the substituent in the table are furthermore, independently of the combination in which they are mentioned, a particularly preferred embodiment of the substituent in question.
Table 1
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents fluorine, R4 represents chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 2
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 3
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R4 represent chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 4
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents fluorine and R4 represents methyl and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 5
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 6
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents methoxy and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 7
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 8
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents methyl, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 9
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R6 represent fluorine, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 10
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R6 represent methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 11
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents fluorine, R6 represents methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 12
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represent chlorine, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 13
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents chlorine, R6 represents fluorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 14
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 and R6 represent chlorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 15
Compounds of the formula I-1, in which R8 represents methyl, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 16
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents fluorine, R4 represents chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 17
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 18
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R4 represent chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 19
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents fluorine and R4 represents methyl and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 20
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 21
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents methoxy and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 22
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 23
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents methyl, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 24
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R6 represent fluorine, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 25
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R3 represent methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 26
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents fluorine, R6 represents methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 27
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents chlorine, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 28
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents chlorine, R6 represents fluorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 29
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 and R6 represent chlorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 30
Compounds of the formula I-2, in which R8 represents methyl, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 31
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents fluorine, R4 represents chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 32
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 33
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R4 represent chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 34
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents fluorine and R4 represents methyl and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 35
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 36
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents methoxy and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 37
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 38
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents methyl, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 39
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R6 represent fluorine, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 40
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R6 represent methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 41
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents fluorine, R6 represents methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 42
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents chlorine, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 43
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents chlorine, R6 represents fluorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 44
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 and R6 represent chlorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 45
Compounds of the formula I-3, in which R8 represents methyl, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 46
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents fluorine, R4 represents chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 47
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 48
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R4 represent chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 49
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents fluorine and R4 represents methyl and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 50
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 51
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents methoxy and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 52
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 53
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents methyl, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 54
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R6 represent fluorine, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 55
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R6 represent methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 56
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents fluorine, R6 represents methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 57
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents chlorine, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 58
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents chlorine, R6 represents fluorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 59
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 and R6 represent chlorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 60
Compounds of the formula I-4, in which R8 represents methyl, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 61
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents fluorine, R4 represents chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 62
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 63
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R4 represent chlorine and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 64
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents fluorine and R4 represents methyl and R5, R6 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 65
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 66
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R4 represent fluorine, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents methoxy and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 67
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 68
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents methyl, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R6 represents fluorine and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 69
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R6 represent fluorine, R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 70
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R6 represent methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 71
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents fluorine, R6 represents methyl and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 72
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents chlorine, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 73
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents chlorine, R6 represents fluorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 74
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 and R6 represent chlorine and R4, R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Table 75
Compounds of the formula I-5, in which R8 represents methyl, R4 and R6 represent fluorine and R5 and R7 represent hydrogen and R1 for a compound corresponds in each case to one of the radicals specified in Table A.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process a) according to the invention are acids, such as acetic acid, formic acid, alcohols, such as methanol, water or halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane or chloroform. It is also possible to use mixtures of these solvents. Preference is given to acetic acid or, in the case where the oxidizing agent is Oxone, methanol/water mixtures.
Suitable oxidizing agents for carrying out the process a) according to the invention are, for example, hydrogen peroxide, pertungstic acid, peracetic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, perphthalic acid, chlorine, oxygen and Oxone® (KHSO5).
Suitable acidic receptors for carrying out the process a) according to the invention are all inorganic and organic bases customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxides, acetates, carbonates, bicarbonates or phosphates, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, caesium carbonate or silver phosphate.
When carrying out the process a) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 100° C., preferably at temperatures of from 10° C. to 50° C. (cf. WO 02/074753 and the literature cited therein).
For carrying out the process a) according to the invention for preparing the compounds of the formula (I), in general from 1 to 5 mol, preferably from 1 to 2 mol, of the compound of the formula (IV) are employed per mole of the compound of the formula (II).
The formula (II) provides a general definition of the compounds required as starting materials for carrying out the process a) according to the invention. In this formula, R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and Hal preferably and in particular have those meanings which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred.
The starting materials of the formula (II) are novel and also form part of the subject-matter of the invention.
The formula (IV) defines the starting materials also required for carrying out the process a) according to the invention. In this formula, R2 preferably and in particular has those meanings which have already been mentioned in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred.
The starting materials of the formula (IV) are known and/or can be prepared by known methods.
The starting materials of the formula (II) are obtained when (process e)) compounds of the formula
The metal compounds of the formula (VI) are known or can be prepared by known methods.
The compounds of the formula (XI) are likewise known (cf. WO 02/074753) or they can be prepared by known methods.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process e) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents which are customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
Suitable catalysts for carrying out the process e) according to the invention are all reaction promoters customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using palladium, nickel, copper or iron salts or complexes. Copper(I) chloride, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) cyanide, iron(III) acetate, iron(III) acetylacetonate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium(II) chloride may be mentioned by way of example.
Preference is also given to using palladium or nickel complexes generated in the reaction mixture by separately adding a palladium or nickel salt and a substance acting as complex ligand to the reaction mixture. Examples of ligand formers which may be mentioned are:
When carrying out the first step of the process e) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the first step of the process is carried out at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C., preferably at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.
When carrying out the first step of the process e) according to the invention, in general from 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol, of a metal compound of the formula (VI) are employed per mole of the compound of the formula (XI). Work-up is carried out by customary methods.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process b) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents which are customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
Suitable catalysts for carrying out the process b) according to the invention are all reaction promoters customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using palladium, nickel, copper or iron salts or complexes. Copper(I) chloride, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) cyanide, iron(III) acetate, iron(III) acetylacetonate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium dichloride and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium(II) chloride may be mentioned by way of example.
Preference is also given to using palladium or nickel complexes generated in the reaction mixture by separately adding a palladium or nickel salt and a substance acting as complex ligand to the reaction mixture. Examples of ligand formers which may be mentioned are:
When carrying out the first step of the process b) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the first step of the process is carried out at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C., preferably at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.
When carrying out the first step of the process b) according to the invention, in general from 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol, of a metal compound of the formula (VI) are employed per mole of the compound of the formula (V). Work-up is carried out by customary methods.
The metal compounds of the formula (VI) are known or can be prepared by known methods.
The compounds of the formula (V) are likewise known (cf. WO 02/074753), or they can be prepared by known methods.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process c1) according to the invention are all customary organic solvents. Preference is given to using ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; nitrites, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or i-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide; sulphoxides, such as dimethyl sulphoxide; sulphones, such as sulpholane; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butyl alcohol.
When carrying out the process c1) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures of from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably at temperatures of from 20° C. to 100° C.
For carrying out the process c1) according to the invention for preparing the compounds of the formula (I′″), in general from 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol of the compound of the formula (VII) are generally employed per mole of the compound of the formula (I′) or (I″).
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process c2) according to the invention are all solvents customary for Grignard reactions. Preference is given to using ethers, such as diethyl ether or else tetrahydrofuran.
Suitable catalysts for carrying out the process c2) according to the invention are all reaction promoters mentioned for the process b) according to the invention.
When carrying out the process c2) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a certain range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures between −20° C. and 80° C., preferably between 0° C. and 60° C.
For carrying out the process c2) according to the invention for preparing the compounds of the formula (I′″), in general from 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol, of the compound of the formula (VIII) are employed per mole of the compound of the formula (I′) or (I″).
The compounds of the formulae (I′) and I″) used as starting materials for carrying out the process c) according to the invention are obtained by the process a) or b) according to the invention. In the formulae (I′) and (I″), R1, R2, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and Hal preferably and in particular have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred.
The formula (VII) provides a definition of the starting materials furthermore also required for carrying out the process c1) according to the invention. In this formula, R3 preferably and in particular has those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred. The compounds of the formula (VII) are known or can be prepared by known methods.
The formula (VIII) provides a definition of the starting materials furthermore also required for carrying out the process c2) according to the invention. In this formula, R3 preferably and in particular has those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred. The compounds of the formula (VIII) are known or can be prepared by known methods.
Suitable halogenating agents for carrying out the process d1) are all components customary for replacing hydroxyl groups by halogen. Preference is given to using phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride, thionyl bromide or mixtures thereof or phosgene, di- or triphosgene. If appropriate, chlorine is added to the halogenating agents mentioned or their mixtures. The corresponding fluoro compounds can be prepared from the chloro or bromo compounds by reaction with potassium fluoride.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process d1) according to the invention are all solvents customary for such halogenations. Preference is given to using halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene. However, the halogenating agent itself, for example phosphorus oxychloride or a mixture of halogenating agents, may also act as diluent.
Suitable acid acceptors for carrying out the process d1) according to the invention are all inorganic and organic bases customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxides, acetates, carbonates, bicarbonates or phosphates, such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, caesium carbonate or silver phosphate.
When carrying out the process d1), the temperatures can also be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the process is carried out at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C., preferably between 10° C. and 120° C.
When carrying out the process d1), the compound of the formula (IX) is generally reacted with an excess of halogenating agents. Work-up is carried out by customary methods.
The formula (IX) provides a definition of the starting materials furthermore also required for carrying out the process d1) according to the invention. In this formula, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and Hal preferably and in particular have those meanings which have already been given in connection with the description of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention as being preferred. The compounds of the formula (IX) are known (cf. WO 02/074753), or they can be prepared by known methods.
Suitable diluents for carrying out the process d2) according to the invention are all inert organic solvents which are customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, methyl t-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
Suitable catalysts for carrying out the process d2) according to the invention are all reaction promoters customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using palladium, nickel, copper or iron salts or complexes. Copper(I) chloride, copper(I) bromide, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) cyanide, iron(III) acetate, iron(III) acetylacetonate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium(II) chloride may be mentioned by way of example.
Preference is also given to using palladium or nickel complexes generated in the reaction mixture by separately adding a palladium or nickel salt and a substance acting as complex ligand to the reaction mixture. Examples of ligand formers which may be mentioned are:
When carrying out the first step of the process d2) according to the invention, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, the first step of the process is carried out at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C., preferably at temperatures between 0° C. and 80° C.
When carrying out the first step of the process d2) according to the invention, in general from 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol, of a metal compound of the formula (VI) are employed per mole of the compound of the formula (X). Work-up is carried out by customary methods.
The metal compounds of the formula (VI) are known or can be prepared by known methods.
The processes a), b), c), d) and e) according to the invention are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to operate under elevated pressure.
The compounds according to the invention inhibit the growth of tumour cells and related diseases in mammals and can be used as medicaments. They are particularly suitable for preparing medicaments for controlling cancer.
The invention furthermore relates to a method for inhibiting the growth of cancer-like tumour cells and related diseases in a mammal requiring this treatment. This method comprises administering an effective amount of a 5-phenylpyrimidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a mammal. The invention furthermore relates to a method for treating or hindering the growth of tumour cells and related diseases by interaction with tubulin and microtubuli and promoting the polymerization of microtubuli by administering an effective amount of a 5-phenylpyrimidine or a pharmaceutically effective salt thereof to a mammal.
The compounds according to the invention have potent microbicidal activity and can be employed for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, in crop protection and in the protection of materials.
Fungicides can be employed in crop protection for controlling Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Bactericides can be employed in crop protection for controlling Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
Some pathogens causing fungal and bacterial diseases which come under the generic names listed above may be mentioned as examples, but not by way of limitation:
The active compounds according to the invention also show a strong invigorating action in plants. Accordingly, they are suitable for mobilizing the internal defenses of the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms.
In the present context, plant-invigorating (resistance-inducing) compounds are to be understood as meaning substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants such that, when the treated plants are subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, they display substantial resistance to these microorganisms.
In the present case, unwanted microorganisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses. The compounds according to the invention can thus be used to protect plants within a certain period of time after treatment against attack by the pathogens mentioned. The period of time for which this protection is achieved generally extends for 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, from the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
The fact that the active compounds are well tolerated by plants at the concentrations required for controlling plant diseases permits the treatment of above-ground parts of plants, of propagation stock and seeds, and of the soil.
The active compounds according to the invention can be used with particularly good results for controlling cereal diseases, such as, for example, against Erysiphe species, of diseases in viticulture and in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, such as, for example, against Botrytis, Venturia, Sphaerotheca and Podosphaera species.
The active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for increasing the yield of crops. In addition, they show reduced toxicity and are well tolerated by plants.
If appropriate, the active compounds according to the invention can, at certain concentrations and application rates, also be employed as herbicides, for regulating plant growth and for controlling animal pests. If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors in the synthesis of other active compounds.
According to the invention, it is possible to treat all plants and parts of plants. Plants are to be understood here as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including plant cultivars which can or cannot be protected by plant breeders' certificates. Parts of plants are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples which may be mentioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. Parts of plants also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example seedlings, tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds.
The treatment of the plants and parts of plants according to the invention with the active compounds is carried out directly or by action on their environment, habitat or storage area according to customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, evaporating, atomizing, broadcasting, brushing-on and, in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, furthermore by one- or multilayer coating.
In the protection of materials, the compounds according to the invention can be employed for protecting industrial materials against infection with, and destruction by, unwanted microorganisms.
Industrial materials in the present context are understood as meaning non-living materials which have been prepared for use in industry. For example, industrial materials which are intended to be protected by active compounds according to the invention from microbial change or destruction can be tackifiers, sizes, paper and board, textiles, leather, wood, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with, or destroyed by, microorganisms. Parts of production plants, for example cooling-water circuits, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected. Industrial materials which may be mentioned within the scope of the present invention are preferably tackifiers, sizes, papers and boards, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat-transfer liquids, particularly preferably wood.
Microorganisms capable of degrading or changing the industrial materials which may be mentioned are, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The active compounds according to the invention preferably act against fungi, in particular molds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against slime organisms and algae.
Microorganisms of the following genera may be mentioned as examples:
Depending on their particular physical and/or chemical properties, the active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, aerosols and microencapsulations in polymeric substances and in coating compositions for seeds, and ULV cool and warm fogging formulations.
These formulations are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, that is liquid solvents, liquefied gases under pressure, and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants, and/or foam formers. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulphoxide, or else water. Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are to be understood as meaning liquids which are gaseous at standard temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halogenated hydrocarbons, or else butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite and dolomite, or else synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Suitable emulsifiers and/or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, or else protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are: for example lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, or else natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the formulations. Other possible additives are mineral and vegetable oils.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95 per cent by weight of active compound, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
The active compounds according to the invention can, as such or in their formulations, also be used in a mixture with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides or insecticides, to broaden, for example, the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance. In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the activity of the mixture is greater than the activity of the individual components.
Suitable mixing components are, for example, the following compounds:
Fungicides:
Bactericides:
Insecticides/acaricides/nematicides:
A mixture with other known active compounds, such as herbicides, or with fertilizers and growth regulators, safener and/or semiochemicals is also possible.
In addition, the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention also have very good antimycotic activity. They have a very broad antimycotic activity spectrum in particular against dermatophytes and yeasts, molds and diphasic fungi (for example against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus species such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and audouinii. The list of these fungi by no means limits the mycotic spectrum which can be covered, but is only for illustration.
The active compounds can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules. Application is carried out in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming, spreading, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the active compounds by the ultra-low volume method, or to inject the active compound preparation or the active compound itself into the soil. It is also possible to treat the seeds of the plants.
When using the active compounds according to the invention as fungicides, the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. For the treatment of parts of plants, the active compound application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 10 and 1000 g/ha. For seed dressing, the active compound application rates are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 10 g per kilogram of seed. For the treatment of the soil, the active compound application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10 000 g/ha, preferably between 1 and 5000 g/ha.
As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all plants and their parts according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant cultivars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof, are treated. The term “parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” has been explained above.
Particularly preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in each case commercially available or in use are treated according to the invention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as meaning plants having new properties (“traits”) and which have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic”) effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
The transgenic plants or plant cultivars (i.e. those obtained by genetic engineering) which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which, in the genetic modification, received genetic material which imparts particularly advantageous useful properties (“traits”) to these plants. Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, better quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are a better defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, and also increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidal active compounds. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), and particular emphasis is given to maize, soya, potatoes, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits that are emphasized are in particular increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails by toxins formed in the plants, in particular those formed in the plants by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (for example by the genes CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c, Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CryIF and also combinations thereof) (hereinbelow referred to as “Bt plants”). Traits that are also particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins. Traits that are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosates or phosphinotricin (for example the “PAT” gene). The genes which impart the desired traits in question can also be present in combination with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of “Bt plants” which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties, soya varieties and potato varieties which are sold under the trade names YIELD GARD® (for example maize, cotton, soya), KnockOut® (for example maize), StarLink® (for example maize), Bollgard® (cotton), Nucoton® (cotton) and NewLeaf® (potato). Examples of herbicide-tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize varieties, cotton varieties and soya varieties which are sold under the trade names Roundup Ready® (tolerance to glyphosate, for example maize, cotton, soya), Liberty Link® (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), IMI® (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS® (tolerance to sulphonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide tolerance) which may be mentioned also include the varieties sold under the name Clearfield® (for example maize). Of course, these statements also apply to plant cultivars which have these genetic traits or genetic traits still to be developed, and which will be developed and/or marketed in the future.
The plants listed can be treated according to the invention in a particularly advantageous manner with the compounds of the general formula (I) or the active compound mixtures according to the invention. The preferred ranges stated above for the active compounds or mixtures also apply to the treatment of these plants. Particular emphasis is given to the treatment of plants with the compounds or mixtures specifically mentioned in the present text.
The preparation and the use of the active compounds according to the invention is illustrated by the examples below.
4.7 g (0.014 mol) of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine are initially charged in 47 ml of dichloromethane and mixed with 1 ml (0.027 mol) of formic acid and 0.67 g (0.003 mol) of ammonium molybdate. At room temperature, 3.6 ml of a 35% strength hydrogen peroxide solution are then added dropwise over a period of 20 minutes. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for a further 12 hours. 10 ml of water are then added, and the organic phase is separated off. The organic phase is washed with 10 ml of dilute sodium hydrogensulphite solution, dried over sodium sulphate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is then chromatographed in a mixture of n-hexane:ethyl acetate=gradient from 3:1 to 1:1 on silica gel.
1.7 g of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(methylsulphinyl)pyrimidine (logP=3.27; content by HPLC: 92%) are obtained as first fraction and 1.9 g of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(methylsulphonyl)pyrimidine (logP=3.82; content by HPLC: 73%) are obtained as second fraction.
At room temperature, 0.5 g (0.0014 mol) of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(methylsulphinyl)pyrimidine in 10 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide is mixed with 0.096 g (0.0014 mol) of 1H-1,2,4-triazole and 0.2 ml (0.0015 mol) of triethylamine. The mixture is then stirred at 60° C. for 12 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. 10 mol of dilute 1N hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of dichloromethane are then added to the residue. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is chromatographed in a mixture of n-hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1 on silica gel. This gives 0.18 g of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidine (logP=3.79; content by HPLC: 98%).
Analogously to Example 1 the following intermediates of formulae (II) and (III) were obtained:
Under argon, 5.9 g (0.018 mol) of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine and 0.32 g (0.0009 mol) of iron(III) acetylacetonate are initially charged in a mixture of 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 2.8 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone. At room temperature, 8.8 g (0.055 mol) of isobutylmagnesium bromide are added. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. With cooling, the mixture is then slowly poured into a mixture of 1N hydrochloric acid (15 ml) and ethyl acetate (15 ml). After phase separation, the aqueous phase is extracted with further ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is then chromatographed in a mixture of petroleum ether:tert-butyl methyl ether=100:1 on silica gel.
This gives 4.7 g of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-6-isobutyl-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine (logP=5.67; content by HPLC: 69%).
Analogously to Examples 1 and 2 and in accordance with the general statements in the general descriptions of processes a) to d), it is also possible to obtain the compounds of the formula (I) listed in Table 41 below.
The logP values were determined in accordance with EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V. A8 by HPLC (gradient method, acetonitrile/0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid).
Podosphaera Test (Apple)/Protective
Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylarylpolyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, 1 part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for protective activity, young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound at the stated application rate. After the spray coating has dried on, the plants are inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of the apple mildew pathogen Podosphaera leucotricha. The plants are then placed in a greenhouse at about 23° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity of about 70%.
Evaluation is carried out 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100% means that no infection is observed.
In this test, the compounds according to the invention, at an application rate of 100 g/ha, show very high efficacy.
Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1020040034931 | Jan 2004 | DE | national |
