Patent Application
20240287079
The present invention relates to a 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidine compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and medical use thereof, etc.
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) is a pattern recognition receptor that belongs to an NLR (NOD-like receptors) family, and is also expressed in non-immune cells such as glomerular epithelial cells and tubular epithelial cells as well as phagocytes such as macrophage and microglia.
NLRP3 recognizes DAMPs (Danger Associated Molecular Patterns) which are a molecular pattern specific to cellular damage factors, such as ATP, HMGB1, 5100, urate crystals, and silica, and PAMPs (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) which are a molecular pattern specific to pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, and binds to these molecules to be activated.
Activated NLRP3 associates with an adaptor protein, ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), and a cysteine protease, caspase 1, by protein-protein interaction to form an NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a cellular protein complex. The formation of an NLRP3 inflammasome converts caspase 1 in the complex into its activated form, and the activated caspase 1 converts proIL-1β, which is a precursor of a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, into an activated form of IL-1β, while it also converts proIL-18, which is a precursor of IL-18, into an activated form of IL-18. The activated IL-1β secreted outside the cell induces proinflammatory cytokine-chemokine production by surrounding cells, and activates immune cells such as T cells, which causes inflammatory reactions.
In multiple sclerosis patients, the increase of the amount of DAMPs was observed in the brain and cerebral spinal fluid (Non Patent Literature 1), and the increase of the expression level of caspase 1 in involved sites and the increase of the amount of IL-1β in cerebral spinal fluid were also observed (Non Patent Literature 2). It has been reported that activated microglia was present in involved sites during the chronic progressive phase of this disease (Non Patent Literature 3), and the activated microglia stimulated by DAMPs produced proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β, which induced nerve inflammation and nerve disorder (Non Patent Literature 4). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome is considered to get involved in the expression of disease states of multiple sclerosis.
MOG35-55EAE model mice prepared by sensitization of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) expressed impairment of motor function as seen in multiple sclerosis. The onset of the impairment of motor function was inhibited in NLRP3-knockout mice in the MOG35-55EAE model (Non Patent Literature 5). Demyelination of central nerve as seen in multiple sclerosis was expressed in cuprizone-model mice prepared by administration of a copper-chelate compound, cuprizone, to mice, while the progress of demyelination was delayed in NLRP3-knockout mice in the cuprizone model (Non Patent Literature 6). Administration of an NLPR3 inflammasome inhibitor, JC-171, after the onset inhibited the impairment of motor function in the MOG35-55EAE model (Non Patent Literature 7). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating multiple sclerosis.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in the kidney of patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (Non Patent Literatures 8, 9). Further, the inhibitory activity of proteinuria and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by NLRP3-knockout has been reported in a non-clinical chronic kidney disease model, i.e., a 5/6 kidney-enucleated model (Non Patent Literature 10). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating chronic kidney disease.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in the intestine of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (for example, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) (Non Patent Literature 11). It has been reported that IL-1β produced by the activation of NLRP 3 was increased in the intestinal mucosa of IBD patients, and that the increased IL-1β secretion from the colonic region was positively correlated with the deterioration of the disease state (Non Patent Literature 11). It has also been reported that the dysfunction of CARD8, which negatively regulates inflammasome activity, increases susceptibility to Crohn's disease, and that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome enhances IL-1β production from monocytes (Non Patent Literature 12). The suppression of intestinal pathology by NLRP3 deficiency has been reported in TNBS-induced colitis model, a colitis model (Non Patent Literature 13). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in the arteriosclerotic region of coronary arteries of patients suffering from myocardial infarction (Non Patent Literature 14). In addition, the suppressed lesion formation by NLRP3-knockout has been reported in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL) receptor-deficient mice fed high-fat diet, an arteriosclerosis model (Non Patent Literature 15). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating arteriosclerosis.
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), a generic name of autoinflammatory diseases caused by activating mutation of NLRP3 gene, is classified into 3 disease types as follows: a mild disease type of familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), a moderate disease type of Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), a severe disease type of chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA) or Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) (Non Patent Literature 16). More than 200 mutations in NLRP3 gene have been reported in CAPS (Non Patent Literature 17). These NLRP3 gene mutations cause the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome even in the absence of an activation signal. Mice expressing CAPS-related NLRP3 mutations exhibit systemic lethal inflammation dependent on IL-13 and IL-18 which are NLRP3 inflammasome and a downstream signal transduction molecule (Non Patent Literature 18). In a mouse strain expressing CAPS-related NLRP3 mutations, CY-09, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, suppressed systemic lethal inflammation and improved the survival (Non Patent Literature 19). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating CAPS.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in liver tissues of patients suffering from nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) (Non Patent Literature 20). In addition, the suppressed hepatic fibrogenesis by NLRP3-knockout has been reported in a choline deficient amino acid defined diet fed model, an NASH model (Non Patent Literature 20). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating NASH.
In gout and gouty arthritis, urate crystals deposited in the joint and periarticular tissues induce inflammation (Non Patent Literature 21). Urate crystals activate macrophage NLRP3 to produce IL-1β and IL-18 (Non Patent Literature 22). OLT1177, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, suppressed arthritis in an intra-articular urate-injected arthritis model (Non Patent Literature 23). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating gout and gouty arthritis.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in joint synovium, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (Non Patent Literature 24). In addition, the increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes in synovium has been reported in collagen-induced arthritis, a model of rheumatoid arthritis (Non Patent Literature 25). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
It has been reported that trinitrochlorobenzene, which induces contact dermatitis, increased IL-1β production from human skin keratinocytes via NLRP3 activation, and that NLRP3 knockout inhibits development of dermatitis in a trinitrochlorobenzene-induced dermatitis model, a model of contact dermatitis (Non Patent Literature 26). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating contact dermatitis.
The increase of the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes has been reported in the tear fluid and ocular surface of patients suffering from dry eye (Non Patent Literatures 27 and 28). In addition, it has been reported that increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and increased IL-1β production were observed when hypertonic stress was applied to cultured human corneal epithelial cells to induce a dry eye condition, and that IL-1β production was suppressed by knockdown of NLRP3 gene (Non Patent Literature 28). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating dry eye.
The increase of the expression of ASC domain of NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported in macrophages and neutrophils infiltrated into myocardial tissue of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (Non Patent Literature 29). In addition, it has been reported that the increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were observed in the infarct site in an ischemia-reperfusion model, a model of myocardial infarction, and that knockdown of NLRP3 gene decreased the infarct area and suppressed the reduction of myocardial contractility (Non Patent Literature 30). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating ischemic heart disease such as acute myocardial infarction.
It has been reported that the expression of IL-1β or IL-18 was increased in sera and glomeruli of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Non Patent Literature 31, 32), and that the expression of NLRP3 gene and the production of IL-1β were increased in the macrophages (Non Patent Literature 33). In Nlrp3-R258W mice, which have an activating mutation of NLRP3 gene, lupus nephritis-like symptoms caused by pristane administration were exacerbated (Non Patent Literature 34). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating SLE.
In addition to the above diseases, diseases for which an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is expected to be effective include systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Non Patent Literature 35), recurrent pericarditis (Non Patent Literature 36), adult onset Still's disease (for example, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome) (Non Patent Literature 37), Schnitzler syndrome (Non Patent Literature 38), deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (Non Patent Literature 39), familial Mediterranean fever (Non Patent Literature 40), mevalonate kinase deficiency (Non Patent Literature 40), hyper IgD syndrome (Non Patent Literature 40), TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (Non Patent Literature 40), Behcet's disease (Non Patent Literature 41), lung cancer (Non Patent Literature 42) and the like. It has been reported that anti-IL-1β antibody such as canakinumab and IL-1 inhibitor such as rilonacept are effective for the treatment of these diseases. Since NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating these diseases.
It is has been reported that the NLRP3 rs10733113 genotype is significantly increased in patients with psoriasis and increases psoriasis susceptibility (Non Patent Literature 43). In addition, NLRP3 deficiency has been reported to suppress psoriatic symptoms in an IL-23 induced psoriasis model, a psoriasis model (Non-patent document 44). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating psoriasis.
Gout, atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis), and chronic kidney disease, which are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, involve hypertension. NLRP3 deficiency has been reported to suppress hypertension in a mouse model of left renal artery stenosis (Non Patent Literature 45). In addition, MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, has been reported to suppress hypertension in a mouse model of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (Non Patent Literature 46). Accordingly, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating hypertension.
It has been reported that NLRP3 expression is enhanced in fibrovascular membranes of patients with diabetic retinopathy (Non Patent Literature 47). In addition, NLRP3 expression is increased in a STZ-induced retinopathy model, a model of diabetic retinopathy (Non Patent Literature 48). In this model, it has been reported that decreased NLRP3 expression by NLRP3 shRNA exhibits decreased secretions of IL-1β and VEGF, increased ganglion cell mass, and recovery of retinal damage (Non Patent Literature 49). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating diabetic retinopathy.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, MCI (mild cognitive impairment) patients, and APP/PSi mice, a model mouse of Alzheimer's disease. NLRP3 deficiency in APP/PSi mice suppresses the development of spatial memory impairment (Non Patent Literature 50). MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, suppresses NLRP3 activation in microglia and improves cognitive dysfunction in APP/PSi mice (Non Patent Literature 51). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating Alzheimer's disease and MCI.
In the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients and mice injected with α-synuclein PFF (pre-formed fibril), a pathological model of Parkinson's disease, increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules and NLRP3 inflammasome activation occur in microglia (Non Patent Literature 52). In α-synuclein PFF injected mice, MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, inhibits NLRP3 activation in the substantia nigra and suppresses neuronal death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra (Non Patent Literature 52). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating Parkinson's disease.
In patients with Huntington's disease, cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-1β, an NLRP3 inflammasome-associated cytokine, are increased (Non Patent Literature 53). The expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome is increased in the striatum of R6/2 mice, a model of Huntington's disease (Non Patent Literature 54). MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the striatum of R6/2 mice, suppresses neuronal death in the striatum, and suppresses symptom progression (Non Patent Literature 55). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating Huntington's disease.
The expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18, and active caspase 1 are increased in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Non Patent Literature 56). In the spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice and TDP-43Q331K mice, which are ALS model mice, mRNA expressions of IL-1β, Nlrp3, Pycard, and Casp1 are increased (Non Patent Literature 57). MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, inhibits SOD1G93A and TDP-43 protein-induced NLRP3 activation in microglia and decreases IL-1β production (Non-patent Document 57). In SOD1G93A mice, deficiency of IL-1β or caspase 1 prolongs survival time, and administration of IL-1β receptor antibody suppresses disease progression and prolongs survival time (Non Patent Literature 58). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating ALS.
The expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome is increased in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Non Patent Literatures 59 and 60). In the brain tissue of TBI model rats, the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome is increased, and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18 are also increased (Non Patent Literature 61). MCC950, an NLRP 3 inhibitor, inhibits IL-1β production in TBI model mice and suppresses the development of neurological symptoms after brain injury (Non Patent Literature 62). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating TBI.
In cerebral infarct patients; middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice, a model of cerebral infarct; and intracerebral bleeding model rats, the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 are increased in the brain tissue (Non Patent Literatures 63 and 64). In addition, MCC950, an NLRP 3 inhibitor, showed neuroprotective effects in the MCAO model and intracerebral bleeding model rats. Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating cerebral infarct and intracerebral bleeding.
NLRP inflammasome expression is increased in brain tissue of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and in Pilocarpine-induced epileptic model mice (Non Patent Literatures 65 and 66). In addition, in the pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model mice, NLRP3 inflammasome deficiency and administration of MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, suppress apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, which causes the development of epilepsy (Non Patent Literature 66). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating epilepsy.
In peripheral blood of depressive illness patients, the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome, the IL-1β level, and the IL-18 level are increased, and the IL-1β level correlates with the depression symptom score (Non Patent Literature 67). In an LPS-induced model, a chronic stress-induced model, or a social defeat model, which are pathological models of depressive illness, the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, or IL-18 in brain tissue is increased, and NLRP3 inflammasome is activated (Non Patent Literatures 68, 69 and 70). In the pathological models, administration of MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, or NLRP3 deficiency improves depressive symptoms (Non Patent Literatures 69 and 70). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating depressive illness.
NLRP3 inflammasome expression and IL-1β and IL-18 levels are increased in peripheral blood of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (Non Patent Literature 71). In a maternal immune activation (MIA) model, administration of PolyIC to pregnant animals causes ASD symptoms in offspring. The expression of IL-1β is increased in the fetal brain of this model, and administration of MCC950, an NLRP 3 inhibitor, to the mother suppresses ASD symptoms in offspring (Non Patent Literature 72). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating ASD.
In the spinal cord of mice with spinal cord injury, NLRP3 inflammasome or IL-1β expression is increased and NLRP3 activation is observed (Non Patent Literatures 73 and 74). When MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, is administered to mice after spinal cord injury, NLRP3 activation and IL-1β expression in the spinal cord are suppressed, and the recovery of motor function is promoted (Non Patent Literature 73). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating spinal cord injury.
In an intestinal perforation model, an animal model of sepsis, increased expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or IL-1β occur in the brain, resulting in damage to hippocampal neurons and memory impairment, a symptom of septic encephalopathy (Non Patent Literatures 75 and 76). When MCC950, an NLRP3 inhibitor, is administered to the intestinal perforation model, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is suppressed and the memory impairment is improved (Non Patent Literature 76). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating septic encephalopathy.
In a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, an animal model of neuropathic pain, the expression levels of IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules are increased in glial cells and neurons in the spinal cord (Non Patent Literature 77). In a paclitaxel-induced pain model, a neuropathic pain model of anticancer drug-induced neuropathy, the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules is increased in the dorsal root ganglion and sciatic nerve (Non Patent Literature 78). In a trigeminal neuralgia model animal, the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome in the spinal cord dorsal horn is increased, and silencing NLRP3 in the spinal cord inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the spinal cord and mechanical allodynia (Non Patent Literature 79). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating neuropathic pain.
Mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 show the increased expression levels of IL-1R and NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in lung tissue. NLRP3 knockout mice, on the other hand, do not show an increase in their expression levels and the severe respiratory inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2 is reduced. In addition, administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 to mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the lung and suppresses the dysregulated immune response (Non Patent Literature 80). Thus, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor is considered to become a drug for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.
The present invention provides a 6-aminopyrazolopyrimidine compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and medical use thereof, etc. Specifically, the present invention includes the embodiments illustrated as follows.
or
or
or
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The followings are definitions of terms that may be used herein.
A wavy line as follows:
in a chemical formula herein refers to a binding site of the moiety or group represented by the chemical formula.
The term “C1-4 alkyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. “C1-4 alkyl” includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
The term “C1-6 alkyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. “C1-6 alkyl” includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, and 2-ethylbutyl. Preferably, methyl is included.
The term “C2-6 alkenyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bond. “C2-6 alkenyl” includes, for example, vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, and 1-methyl-2-butenyl.
The term “C2-5 alkynyl” refers to a straight- or branched-chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bond. “C2-5 alkynyl” includes, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, and 2-pentynyl.
The term “C1-4 alkoxy” refers to a group wherein the above-defined “C1-4 alkyl” binds to an oxygen atom. “C1-4 alkoxy” includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy, and tert-butoxy.
The term “C1-6 alkoxy” refers to a group wherein the above-defined “C1-6 alkyl” binds to an oxygen atom. “C1-6 alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, and 2-ethylbutoxy.
The term “halogen” includes, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Preferably, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine are included.
The term “C1-4 haloalkyl” refers to the above-defined “C1-4 alkyl” that is substituted with 1 to 7 halogen atoms independently selected from the group of the above-defined “halogen”. “C1-4 haloalkyl” includes, for example, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl.
The term “C1-6 haloalkyl” refers to the above-defined “C1-6 alkyl” that is substituted with 1 to 9 halogen atoms independently selected from the group of the above-defined “halogen”. “C1-6 haloalkyl” includes, for example, monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 1-fluoro-1-methylethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 5,5,5-trifluoropentyl, and 6,6,6-trifluorohexyl.
The term “C2-6 haloalkenyl” refers to the above-defined “C2-6 alkenyl” that is substituted with 1 to 9 halogen atoms independently selected from the group of the above-defined “halogen”. “C2-6 haloalkenyl” includes, for example, 2-fluoroethenyl, 3-chloropropenyl, 2-fluoropropenyl, 1-trifluoromethylethenyl, and 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenyl.
The term “C3-6 cycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. “C3-6 cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Preferably, cyclopropyl is included.
The term “C5-6 cycloalkenyl” refers to a monocyclic partially-unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bond. “C5-6 cycloalkenyl” includes, for example, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, and cyclohexadienyl.
The term “4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” refers to a 4- to 6-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclic group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom. “4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” includes, for example, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, diazetidinyl, dioxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,3-diazacyclohexanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazinyl, and dioxanyl.
The term “4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms” refers to a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclic group comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom. “4- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms” includes, for example, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, diazetidinyl, dioxetanyl, dithietanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, dithiolanyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,3-diazacyclohexanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dioxanyl, hexahydrotriazinyl, azepanyl, oxepanyl, diazepanyl (for example, 1,4-diazepanyl), oxazepanyl (for example, 1,4-oxazepanyl and 1,2-oxazepanyl), dioxazepanyl (for example, 1,5,2-dioxazepanyl), and thiazepanyl. Preferably, morpholinyl is included.
The term “5- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” refers to a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic saturated heterocyclic group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom. “5- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” includes, for example, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, dioxolanyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,3-diazacyclohexanyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazinyl, and dioxanyl.
The term “7- to 9-membered spiro heterocycloalkyl comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” refers to a 7- to 9-membered spiro saturated heterocyclic group comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom. “7- to 9-membered spiro heterocycloalkyl comprising one to three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” includes, for example, the following groups:
The term “6- to 9-membered saturated or partially unsaturated fused ring group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” refers to a 6- to 9-membered fused hetero ring group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom, and comprising at least one saturated ring as a ring constituting the fused ring. “6- to 9-membered saturated or partially unsaturated fused ring group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” includes, for example, the following groups:
The term “6- to 8-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” refers to a 6- to 8-membered bridged saturated heterocyclic group comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms, besides carbon atoms, as a ring-constituting atom. “6- to 8-membered bridged heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and oxygen atoms” includes, for example, the following groups:
Preferably, the group:
is included.
The phrase wherein α may be “optionally substituted with” β means that α is unsubstituted, or any of replaceable hydrogen atoms of α is replaced with β. For example, “C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy” means that C1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted, or any of hydrogen atoms of C1-6 alkyl is replaced with hydroxy.
Embodiments of each substituent of a compound of Formula [I] are illustrated as below. Each substituent of a compound of Formula [I] is, however, not limited to these embodiments, and a compound of Formula [I] also includes any combination of two or more of these embodiments in each substituent.
Herein, a partial structure:
Ring group Cy is preferably
R1 is preferably hydrogen.
R2 and R3 are preferably, each independently,
Embodiments of each substituent of a compound of Formula [IA] are illustrated as below. Each substituent of a compound of Formula [IA] is, however, not limited to these embodiments, and a compound of Formula [IA] also includes any combination of two or more of these embodiments in each substituent.
Herein, a partial structure:
R4 is preferably hydrogen.
Ring group CyA is preferably, a group of the following formula:
R6 and R7 are preferably, each independently, hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halogen, C1-4 haloalkyl, —O—C1-4 haloalkyl or C3-6 cycloalkyl.
In preferable specific examples, R6 and R7 are, each independently, methyl, fluorine, or chlorine.
In preferable specific example, R10 is bromine or cyclopropyl.
Ring group CyA is preferably, a group of the following formula:
Ring group CyA is more preferably, a group of the following formula:
Preferably, R2A and R3A combine together with the nitrogen atom to which they attach and the —NR2R3 group forms:
One preferable embodiment of a compound of Formula [I] is a compound of Formula [I] wherein a partial structure:
One preferable embodiment of a compound of Formula [IA] is a compound of Formula [IA] wherein a partial structure:
Another preferable embodiment of a compound of Formula [IA] is a compound of Formula [IA] wherein a partial structure:
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” used herein may be any salts known in the art that are not associated with excessive toxicity. Such a pharmaceutically acceptable salt includes, specifically, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with inorganic bases, and salts with organic bases. Various forms of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art, and are described in, for example, the following references:
A compound of Formula [I] or Formula [IA] may be reacted with an inorganic acid, organic acid, inorganic base, or organic base according to methods known per se to give a corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Such a salt with inorganic acid includes salts with hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Such a salt preferably includes salts with hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrobromic acid.
Such a salt with organic acid includes salts with acetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, anhydromethylenecitric acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, calcium edetate, camphor acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, edetic acid, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glucoheptonic acid, glycollylarsanilic acid, hexylresorcinol acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, methylsulfuric acid, methylnitric acid, methylenebis(salicylic acid), galactaric acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, oleic acid, oxalic acid, pamoic acid, pantothenic acid, pectic acid, picric acid, propionic acid, polygalacturonic acid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, tartaric acid, teoclic acid, thiocyanic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, undecanoic acid, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. Such a salt preferably includes salts with oxalic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, benzoic acid, glucuronic acid, oleic acid, pamoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonic acid.
Such a salt with inorganic base includes salts with lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, barium, aluminum, zinc, bismuth, and ammonium. Such a salt preferably includes salts with sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc.
Such a salt with organic base includes salts with arecoline, betaine, choline, clemizole, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, N-benzylphenethylamine, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, arginine, and lysine. Such a salt preferably includes salts with tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine, N-methylglucamine, and lysine.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist in its solvate form. The term “solvate” means a compound where a solvent molecule is coordinated with, for example, Compound [I] or Compound [IA]. The solvate may be any pharmaceutically acceptable solvates; and includes, for example, a hydrate, an acetic acid solvate, an acetone solvate, an ethanolate, and a dimethyl sulfoxide solvate of Compound [I] or Compound [IA]. Such a solvate specifically includes a hemihydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate, acetic acid monosolvate, acetone monosolvate and monoethanolate of a compound of Formula [I] or Formula [IA]; and a monohydrate and acetone monosolvate of sodium salt of a compound of Formula [I] or Formula [IA] and a 2/3 ethanolate of dihydrochloride salt thereof. These solvates may be obtained according to any of known methods.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as a tautomer. In that case, Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as an individual tautomer or a mixture of tautomers. For example, a structure represented by the following formula:
unless otherwise specified, means that a compound may exist and/or be represented as
or
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may have a carbon-carbon double bond. In that case, Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as an E-isomer, a Z-isomer or a mixture of E- and Z-isomers.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as a stereoisomer which should be recognized as a cis/trans isomer. In that case,
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as a cis-isomer, a trans-isomer or a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may have one or more asymmetric carbon atoms. In that case, Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as a single enantiomer, a single diastereomer, a mixture of enantiomers or a mixture of diastereomers.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as an atropisomer. In that case, Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may exist as an individual atropisomer or a mixture of atropisomers.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may simultaneously have multiple structural features which can provide the above isomers. Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may also contain the above isomers in any ratios.
Formulae, chemical structures or chemical names without specifying a stereochemistry herein include all the above isomers which may exist, unless otherwise specified.
Diastereomer mixtures may be isolated into each diastereomer by a conventional method such as chromatography or crystallization. Each diastereomer may be also prepared by using a starting material which is a single isomer in terms of stereochemistry or by a synthetic method using a stereoselective reaction.
A mixture of enantiomers may be isolated into each single enantiomer by a well known method in the art. For example, a mixture of enantiomers may be reacted with a substantially pure enantiomer which is known as a chiral auxiliary to form a mixture of diastereomers, which may be then isolated into a diastereomer with an enhanced isomeric ratio or a substantially pure single diastereomer by a common method such as fractionated crystallization or chromatography. The added chiral auxiliary may be removed from the isolated diastereomer by a cleavage reaction to give a desirable enantiomer. A mixture of enantiomers may be also directly separated by a well known chromatography in the art using a chiral stationary phase. Alternatively, either of enantiomers may be also obtained by using a substantially pure and optically active starting material or a stereoselective synthesis (i.e., asymmetric induction) from a prochiral intermediate with a chiral auxiliary or asymmetric catalyst.
An absolute configuration may be determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a crystalline product or intermediate. In that case, a crystalline product or intermediate which is induced by an agent having an asymmetric center with a known configuration may be used if needed.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] may be labeled with an isotope atom such as 2H(D), 3H, 14C, 35S. For example, in that case where a compound of Formula [I] or Formula [IA] has a methyl group, the methyl group may be replaced with —CD3. The compound thus obtained is also included in the present invention.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] is preferably a substantially purified Compound [I] or Compound [IA]. A more preferable one is Compound [I] or Compound [IA] purified in an 80% or more purity.
According to known methods in the art of pharmaceutical formulation, a pharmaceutical composition in the present invention may be prepared by optionally mixing Compound [I] or Compound [IA] with at least one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier(s) in any amount. A content of Compound [I] or Compound [IA] in the pharmaceutical composition depends on dosage forms and doses, and is for example 0.1 to 100% by weight of the composition.
A dosage form of Compound [I] or Compound [IA] includes oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, lozenges, syrups, emulsions, and suspensions; and parenteral preparations such as external preparations, suppositories, injections, eye drops, nasal preparations, and pulmonary preparations.
A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier used herein includes various organic or inorganic carrier substances which are conventionally used for a component of a formulation. Such substances include, for example, excipients, disintegrants, binders, fluidizers, and lubricants for solid preparations; solvents, solubilization agents, suspending agents, tonicity agents, buffering agents, and soothing agents for liquid preparations; and bases, emulsifying agents, wetting agents, stabilizers, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents, plasticizing agents, pH adjusters, absorption promoters, gelators, antiseptic agents, bulking agents, solubilizers, solubilization agents, and suspending agents for semisolid preparations. Additives such as preserving agents, antioxidant agents, coloring agents, and sweetening agents may be further used, if needed.
Such excipients include, for example, lactose, white soft sugar, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, corn starch, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline cellulose, carmellose, carmellose calcium, sodium carboxymethylstarch, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, and gum arabic.
Such disintegrants include, for example, carmellose, carmellose calcium, carmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethylstarch, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and crystalline cellulose.
Such binders include, for example, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, povidone, crystalline cellulose, white soft sugar, dextrin, starch, gelatin, carmellose sodium, and gum arabic.
Such fluidizers include, for example, light anhydrous silicic acid and magnesium stearate.
Such lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, and talc.
Such solvents include, for example, purified water, ethanol, propylene glycol, macrogol, sesame oil, corn oil, and olive oil.
Such solubilization agents include, for example, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
Such suspending agents include, for example, benzalkonium chloride, carmellose, hydroxypropylcellulose, propylene glycol, povidone, methylcellulose, and glyceryl monostearate.
Such tonicity agents include, for example, glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, and D-mannitol.
Such buffering agents include, for example, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
Such soothing agents include, for example, benzyl alcohol.
Such bases include, for example, water, oils from animals or vegetables such as olive oil, corn oil, arachis oil, sesame oil, and castor oil, lower alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, and phenol, higher fatty acids and esters thereof, waxes, higher alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, hydrocarbons such as white petrolatum, liquid paraffin, and paraffin, hydrophilic petrolatum, purified lanolin, absorption ointment, hydrous lanolin, hydrophilic ointment, starch, pullulan, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, gelatin, dextran, cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose, synthetic polymers such as carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylalcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, propylene glycol, macrogol such as Macrogol 200 to 600, and a combination of two or more of them.
Such preserving agents include, for example, ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium dehydroacetate, and sorbic acid.
Such anti-oxidant agents include, for example, sodium sulfite and ascorbic acid.
Such coloring agents include, for example, food colors (e.g., Food Red No. 2 or No. 3, Food Yellow No. 4 or No. 5) and β-carotene.
Such sweetening agents include, for example, saccharin sodium, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, and aspartame.
A pharmaceutical composition in the present invention may be administered to human as well as mammals other than human such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, and monkeys orally or parenterally such as locally, rectally, intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously. While a dose (herein sometimes referred to as “a therapeutically effective amount”) may vary depending on subjects, diseases, symptoms, dosage forms, routes of administration and the like, for example when it is administered orally to an adult patient the dose of a compound of Formula [I] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a compound of Formula [IA] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as the active ingredient ranges generally from about 0.01 mg to 1 g per day, which may be administered once to several times in a divided amount.
Compound [I] or Compound [IA] has an inhibitory activity of NLRP3 inflammasome, and is useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases or conditions which are expected to be improved by adjusting the NLRP3 inflammasome activity. The various diseases or conditions which are expected to be improved by adjusting the NLRP3 inflammasome activity include, for example, a disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease (for example, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), arteriosclerosis, Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (for example, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome and Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, gout, gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, contact dermatitis, dry eye, ischemic heart disease (for example, acute myocardial infarction), systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, recurrent pericarditis, adult onset Still's disease (for example, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome), Schnitzler syndrome, deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency, hyper IgD syndrome, Behcet's disease, lung cancer, psoriasis, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarct, intracerebral bleeding, epilepsy, depressive illness, autism spectrum disorder, spinal cord injury, septic encephalopathy, neuropathic pain, COVID-19, and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome.
The expression “inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome” means that the function of NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited so as to disappear or reduce its activity; and, for example, it means that the function of NLRP3 inflammasome is inhibited on the basis of the condition of Test example 1 as described below. By inhibiting the function of the NLRP 3 inflammasome, the production amount of IL-1β and/or IL-18 is suppressed, and preferably, the production amounts of IL-1β and IL-1 are suppressed. Preferably, “inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome” means inhibiting human NLRP3 inflammasome.
The term “treating” used herein includes improving symptoms, preventing aggravation, maintaining a remission, preventing exacerbation, and preventing relapse.
The term “preventing” used herein includes suppressing and delaying the onset of symptoms.
As long as an embodiment disclosed herein is compatible with another embodiment disclosed in another portion of the description, any two or more combinations of these embodiments are also intended to be included in the invention.
General methods for preparing a compound of Formula [I], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a compound of Formula [IA] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are illustrated as follows. A method for preparing a compound of Formula [I], or a compound of Formula [IA] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is however not limited thereto.
Each compound obtained in each step may be isolated and/or purified, if necessary, according to any of known methods such as distillation, recrystallization, and column chromatography, or optionally, a subsequent step can proceed without isolation and/or purification.
Herein, the term “room temperature” refers to a temperature which has not been controlled and includes 1° C. to 40° C. as one embodiment.
Compound [I-A] or a salt thereof, or Compound [I-B] or a salt thereof, may be prepared by, for example, Preparation method A1 as follows.
In the scheme, Cy, R2, R3, and R5 are as defined above,
Compound [I-A] or a salt thereof, or Compound [I-B] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof with Compound [A1-1] or a salt thereof in the presence of a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, sodium hydride and potassium carbonate. A preferable base is sodium hydride.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. A preferable solvent is N,N-dimethylformamide.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 100° C., preferably from 10° C. to 50° C.
Compound [A1-1] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [IA-A] or a salt thereof, or Compound [IA-B] or a salt thereof can be prepared in a similar manner to Preparation method A1 by using Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof.
(in the scheme, each symbol is as defined above)
Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation method A2 as follows.
In the scheme, Cy, R2, and R3 are as defined above,
Compound [A2-3] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A2-1] or a salt thereof with Compound [A2-2] in the presence of an acid catalyst in a solvent.
The acid catalyst used herein includes, for example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, perchloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. A preferable acid catalyst is sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, toluene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is toluene.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 5° C. to 40° C.
Compound [A2-1] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A2-2] may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A2-5] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A2-3] or a salt thereof with Compound [A2-4] or a salt thereof in the presence of a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, triethylamine, diazabicycloundecene, and diisopropylethylamine. A preferable base is triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is methanol.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from −78° C. to 100° C., preferably from 0° C. to 20° C.
Compound [A2-4] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A2-6] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A2-5] or a salt thereof in the presence of an acid catalyst in a solvent.
The acid catalyst used herein includes, for example, trifluoroacetic acid, sulfuric acid, and triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. A preferable acid catalyst is trifluoroacetic acid.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is toluene.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from −78° C. to 50° C., preferably from 0° C. to 20° C.
Compound [A2-7] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A2-6] or a salt thereof in the presence of a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. A preferable base is sodium hydroxide.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, chloroform and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 50° C. to 100° C.
Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A2-7] or a salt thereof with Compound [A2-8] or a salt thereof in a solvent. A base may also be added, if necessary.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, N-methylpyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone.
The base used herein includes, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, and diazabicycloundecene. A preferable base is diisopropylethylamine.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 200° C., preferably from 80° C. to 180° C.
Compound [A2-8] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Instead of Compound [A2-4] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring Cy by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a hydrazine compound substituted with a phenyl group having LA51 as mentioned below or a salt instead of Compound [A2-4] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-C], i.e. Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5 to give Compound [I-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof can be prepared in a similar manner to Preparation method A2 by using Compound [A2A-4] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A2-4] or a salt thereof and using Compound [A2A-8] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A2-8] or a salt thereof.
(in the scheme, each symbol is as defined above)
Compound [A2A-4] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A2A-8] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Instead of Compound [A2A-4] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring CyA by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a hydrazine compound substituted with a phenyl group having LA51 as mentioned below or a salt instead of Compound [A2A-4] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-C], i.e. Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5A to give Compound [IA-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation method A3 as follows.
In the scheme, Cy, R2, and R3 are as defined above,
Compound [A3-3] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A3-1] or a salt thereof with Compound [A3-2] or a salt thereof in the presence of a catalyst and a base in a solvent.
The catalyst used herein includes, for example, copper(I) iodide and copper(I) bromide. A preferable catalyst is copper(I) iodide.
The base used herein includes, for example, cesium carbonate and potassium carbonate. A preferable base is cesium carbonate.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is dimethylsulfoxide.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 10° C. to 200° C., preferably from 120° C. to 180° C.
Compound [A3-1] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A3-2] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A3-5] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A3-3] or a salt thereof with Compound [A3-4] or a salt thereof in a solvent.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is acetonitrile.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 80° C., preferably from 0° C. to 40° C.
Compound [A3-4] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A3-7] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A3-5] or a salt thereof with Compound [A3-6] or a salt thereof in the presence of a condensation agent and a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, triethylamine, diazabicycloundecene, and diisopropylethylamine. A preferable base is triethylamine.
The condensation agent used herein includes, for example, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. A preferable condensation agent is 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is chloroform.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 100° C., preferably from 10° C. to 50° C.
Compound [A3-6] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A3-7] or a salt thereof in the presence of an acid catalyst in a solvent.
The acid catalyst used herein includes, for example, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. A preferable acid catalyst is trifluoroacetic acid.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, water, tetrahydrofuran, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is water.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 80° C. to 120° C.
Instead of Compound [A3-2] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring Cy by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [I-C] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a compound having LA13 and LA51 as mentioned below on a benzene ring or a salt instead of Compound [A3-2] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-C], i.e. Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5 to give Compound [I-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof can be prepared in a similar manner to Preparation method A3 by using Compound [A3A-2] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A3-2] or a salt thereof and using Compound [A3A-6] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A3-6] or a salt thereof.
(in the scheme, each symbol is as defined above)
Compound [A3A-2] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A3A-6] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Instead of Compound [A3A-2] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring CyA by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [IA-C] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a compound having LA31 and LA51 as mentioned below on a benzene ring or a salt instead of Compound [A3A-2] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-C], i.e. Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5A to give Compound [IA-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [I-D] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation method A4 as follows.
In the scheme, Cy, R1, R2, and R3 are as defined above,
LA41 and LA42 are each independently, a leaving group (e.g., halogen, methanesulfonyloxy, and p-toluenesulfonyloxy).
Compound [A4-3] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A4-1] or a salt thereof with Compound [A4-2] or a salt thereof in the presence of a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, and diazabicycloundecene. A preferable base is triethylamine.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is ethanol.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from −78° C. to 150° C., preferably from 0° C. to 120° C.
Compound [A4-1] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A4-2] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [I-D] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [A4-3] or a salt thereof in the presence of a base in a solvent.
The base used herein includes, for example, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. A preferable base is sodium hydroxide.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, water, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is a mixed solvent of dioxane and water.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 0° C. to 150° C., preferably from 80° C. to 120° C.
Instead of Compound [A4-2] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring Cy by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-D] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [I-D] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a hydrazine compound substituted with a phenyl group having LA51 as mentioned below or a salt instead of Compound [A4-2] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [I-D], i.e. Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5 to give Compound [I-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [IA-D] or a salt thereof can be prepared in a similar manner to Preparation method A4 by using Compound [A4A-1] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A4-1] or a salt thereof and using Compound [A4A-2] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [A4-2] or a salt thereof.
(in the scheme, each symbol is as defined above)
Compound [A4A-1] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [A4A-2] or a salt thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Instead of Compound [A4A-2] or a salt thereof, a compound or a salt thereof having a functional group or a protected substituent group which can be converted to various substituent groups on Ring CyA by a known reaction may be used in this preparation method to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-D] or a salt thereof. In that case, the functional group or the protected substituent group is converted to the various substituent groups to give Compound [IA-D] or a salt thereof. For example, this preparation method may be conducted by using a hydrazine compound substituted with a phenyl group having LA51 as mentioned below or a salt instead of Compound [A4A-2] or a salt thereof to give a compound corresponding to Compound [IA-D], i.e. Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof, followed by a conversion of LA51 to Ring CyA51 by Preparation method A5A to give Compound [IA-F] or a salt thereof.
Compound [I-F] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation method A5 as follows.
In the scheme, R2 and R3 are as defined above,
Compound [I-F] or a salt thereof may be prepared in the reaction of Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof with Compound [A5-1] or a derivative thereof (e.g., cyclopropylboronic acid pinacol ester and potassium cyclopropyltrifluoroborate) in the presence of a catalyst and a base in a solvent.
The catalyst used herein includes, for example, [1,1′-bis(di-phenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane adduct, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), and [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride. A preferable catalyst is [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride.
The base used herein includes, for example, tripotassium phosphate, cesium carbonate, and potassium carbonate. A preferable base is tripotassium phosphate.
The solvent used herein includes, for example, water, toluene, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,4-dioxane, and a mixed solvent thereof. A preferable solvent is a mixed solvent of toluene and water.
The reaction temperature herein ranges, for example, from 10° C. to 200° C., preferably from 50° C. to 150° C.
Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof may be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods. Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation methods as described above.
Compound [A5-1] or a derivative thereof may be commercially available, and may also be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods.
Compound [IA-F] or a salt thereof can be prepared in a similar manner to Preparation method A5 by using Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof instead of Compound [I-E] or a salt thereof.
(in the scheme, each symbol is as defined above)
Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof may be prepared from a commercialized product according to known methods. Compound [IA-E] or a salt thereof may be prepared by, for example, Preparation methods as described above.
Preparation methods of a compound of formula [I], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a compound of formula [IA], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are described specifically in the following Preparation examples. However, preparation methods of a compound of formula [I], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a compound of formula [IA], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are not intended to be limited thereto.
NMR was determined at 400 MHz.
Step 1-1: 4-Chloro-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(o-tolyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine
To a mixture of o-tolylhydrazine (120 mg), triethylamine (0.23 mL) and ethanol (4.0 mL) was added 4,6-dichloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (200 mg) under an argon atmosphere at −78° C., and the mixture was stirred overnight with the temperature spontaneously rising to room temperature. To the reaction mixture was added water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (97 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 7.96 (1H, s), 7.41-7.28 (4H, m), 3.70-3.69 (4H, m), 2.32 (3H, s), 2.01-1.97 (4H, m).
To a mixture of 4-chloro-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-(o-tolyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (97 mg) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.5 mL) was added a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (1.5 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then the mixture was neutralized with 2 M hydrochloric acid. The resulted mixture was extracted with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran, and the resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine, then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. A mixture of the residue in ethyl acetate/hexane was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (55 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.53 (1H, br s), 8.50 (1H, s), 7.41-7.32 (4H, m), 3.47-3.46 (4H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 1.90-1.87 (4H, m).
LC-MS (MH+): 296.
To a mixture of (2,6-dichlorophenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (76 mg), triethylamine (0.14 mL), and ethanol (1.6 mL) was added 4,6-dichloro-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (80 mg) under an argon atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred with heating to reflux for 3 hours, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. A mixture of the residue in acetic acid (2.0 mL) was stirred with heating to reflux for 3 hours, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate). The resultant was mixed with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/hexane to give the title compound (26 mg) as a solid.
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.60 (1H, br s), 8.57 (1H, s), 7.71 (2H, dd, J=8.2, 0.8 Hz), 7.60 (1H, dd, J=8.9, 7.3 Hz), 3.48-3.46 (4H, m), 1.90-1.87 (4H, m).
LC-MS (MH+): 350.
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (1.4 g), triethylamine (2.4 mL), and methanol (30 mL) was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (1.5 g) which was synthesized in a similar manner to Step 5-1 of Preparation example 5, under an argon atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (2.4 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.31 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 7.24-7.23 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.15 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 5.64 (1H, d, J=0.7 Hz), 3.52 (6H, s), 2.29 (3H, s).
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (2.4 g) and tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then the resulted solid was washed with a mixed solution of hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v=1/1) to give the title compound (1.4 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 9.39 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 2.22 (3H, S).
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1.0 g) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5.6 mL), and then the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 2M hydrochloric acid, and thereto was added water, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration. The resulted solid was slurry-purified with ethanol to give the title compound (920 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.86 (1H, br s), 8.91 (1H, s), 7.71 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.59 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 2.20 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 341.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridin-4-one (50 mg) and tetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL) was added morpholine (64 mg), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulted solid was washed with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v=1/1) to give the title compound (56 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 10.17 (1H, br s), 8.07 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.44-7.42 (1H, m), 7.27 (1H, s), 3.81-3.80 (4H, m), 3.69-3.68 (4H, m), 2.29 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 390.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (28 mg) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.56 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in oil, 4.3 mg) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then thereto was added methyl iodide (0.013 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture were added acetic acid and water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (6 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.15 (1H, s), 7.51 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.45 (1H, dd, J=8.8, 2.1 Hz), 7.27 (1H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 3.90-3.85 (4H, m), 3.57 (3H, s), 3.32-3.26 (4H, m), 2.30 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 404.
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (1.4 g) and triethylamine (2.4 mL) in methanol (30 mL) was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (1.5 g) which was synthesized in a similar way to Step 5-1 of Preparation example 5 under an argon atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (2.4 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.31 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 7.24-7.23 (1H, m), 7.19 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.70 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 6.15 (1H, d, J=4.6 Hz), 5.64 (1H, d, J=0.7 Hz), 3.52 (6H, s), 2.29 (3H, S).
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (2.4 g) and tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then the resulted solid was washed with a mixed solution of hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v=1/1) to give the title compound (1.4 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 9.39 (1H, s), 7.78 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.66 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 2.3 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J=8.6 Hz), 2.22 (3H, s).
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1.0 g) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (5.6 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 2M hydrochloric acid, and thereto was added water, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration. The resulted solid was slurry-purified with ethanol to give the title compound (920 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.86 (1H, br s), 8.91 (1H, s), 7.71 (1H, d, J=2.1 Hz), 7.59 (1H, dd, J=8.4, 2.2 Hz), 7.43 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 2.20 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 341.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridin-4-one (50 mg) and tetrahydrofuran (1.0 mL) was added morpholine (64 mg), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The resulted solid was washed with hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v=1/1) to give the title compound (56 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 10.17 (1H, br s), 8.07 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, J=1.8 Hz), 7.44-7.42 (1H, m), 7.27 (1H, s), 3.81-3.80 (4H, m), 3.69-3.68 (4H, m), 2.29 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 390.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2-methylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (28 mg) and N,N-dimethylformamide (0.56 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in oil, 4.3 mg) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then thereto was added methyl iodide (0.013 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture were added acetic acid and water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (13 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 7.89 (1H, s), 7.50 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.43 (1H, dd, J=8.3, 2.0 Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J=8.3 Hz), 4.08 (3H, s), 3.96-3.91 (4H, m), 3.81-3.76 (4H, m), 2.30 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 404.
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (100 g) and toluene (600 mL) were added trimethyl orthoformate (300 mL) and sulfuric acid (0.63 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added basic silica gel (FUJI SILYSIA, 200 g), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then the added silica gel was removed by filtration. The silica gel was washed with ethyl acetate (1.5 L), solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (108 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.68 (1H, s), 3.49 (6H, s).
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (60 g) and methanol (420 mL) was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (61 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then the reaction mixture was cooled to 2° C. or less in an ice bath. To the reaction mixture was added triethylamine (100 mL) over 25 minutes at a temperature maintained at 9° C. or less, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 3 hours. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, washed sequentially with methanol (150 mL) and hexane (100 mL) to give the title compound (93.3 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.28 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.10 (2H, s), 6.14 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 3.45 (6H, s), 2.43 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 436.
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (93.3 g) and toluene (750 mL) was added dropwise slowly trifluoroacetic acid (33 mL) at a temperature maintained at 24° C. or less over 40 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 1 hour, and then added dropwise slowly to an ice-cooled mixture of tripotassium phosphate (91 g) in water/tetrahydrofuran (300 mL/500 mL) at a temperature maintained at 10° C. or less over 20 minutes. The organic layer was separated, and then to the aqueous layer was added saturated brine, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (80.9 g).
LC-MS (MH+): 372.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (80.9 g) and tetrahydrofuran (640 mL) was added a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (160 mL) at room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred at 66° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 2° C. or less in an ice bath, and then thereto was added dropwise slowly 2 M hydrochloric acid (220 mL) at a temperature maintained at 12° C. or less. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and then the resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine. The resulted aqueous layers were combined, and the combined aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate, the resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine. All of the aqueous layers obtained up to here were combined, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran (v/v=3/1) again, and the resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine. All of the organic layers were combined, and the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the resulted crude product was added diisopropyl ether (650 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and the solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (68.6 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.88 (1H, br s), 8.81 (1H, s), 7.53 (2H, s), 1.95 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 354.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (66.6 g) and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (270 mL) was added morpholine (49 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 1 hour, and then cooled to 55° C. in a water bath. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise slowly water (1000 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, and washed sequentially with water and hexane to give a crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (65.5 g).
To the crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (65.5 g) was added 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (160 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 40 minutes, and then the resulted solution was polish-filtered hot. To the resulted solution with stirring at 65° C. was added acetone (1000 mL) over 40 minutes, and then thereto was added dropwise slowly water (390 mL) over 20 minutes. The resulted mixture was stirred overnight while allowing it to cool. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, and was washed with a mixed solution of acetone/water (v/v=1/2, 100 mL).
A mixture of the resulted solid in ethanol/acetone (v/v=1/2, 840 mL) was stirred at 63° C. for 2 hours, and then stirred overnight while allowing it to cool. The solid was collected by filtration, and washed with a mixed solution of ethanol/acetone (v/v=1/1, 50 mL) to give a mixture of the title compound and 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (56.5 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.95 (1H, br s), 8.49 (1H, s), 7.49 (2H, s), 3.65-3.64 (4H, m), 3.53-3.52 (4H, m), 2.07 (6H, s), 1.96 (6H, s).
The mixture (56.5 g) of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one acetone solvate and 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one was ground by ball milling (an acetone wet method), and then dried in vacuo with heating (90° C.) to be changed to the non-solvate through a desolvation transition to give a crystal of the title compound (49.1 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.95 (1H, br s), 8.50 (1H, s), 7.49 (2H, s), 3.65-3.64 (4H, m), 3.53-3.52 (4H, m), 1.96 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+):404.
To a mixture of methyl 3-amino-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (300 mg) and dimethylsulfoxide (2.0 mL) were added 5-bromo-4-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (510 mg), trans-N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.13 mL), copper(I) iodide (81 mg), and cesium carbonate (690 mg), and the mixture was stirred at 140° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then thereto was added methyl iodide (0.27 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (89 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.65 (1H, s), 7.88 (1H, s), 7.62 (1H, s), 4.85 (2H, br s), 3.85 (3H, s), 2.49 (3H, s).
To a mixture of methyl 3-amino-1-(4-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (89 mg) and acetonitrile (1.0 mL) was added ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate (0.042 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (128 mg).
LC-MS (MH+): 432.
To a mixture of the crude product of methyl 3-(3-(ethoxycarbonyl)thioureido)-1-(4-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (64 mg) and chloroform (2.0 mL) were added morpholine (0.021 mL), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (54 mg), and triethylamine (0.052 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (60 mg).
LC-MS (MH+): 485.
To methyl 3-((((ethoxycarbonyl)amino) (morpholino)methylene)amino)-1-(4-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (60 mg) were added water (0.5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 120° C. overnight. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then thereto were added tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) and a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (6.0 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate), and then the resulted solid was washed with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (27 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 11.02 (1H, br s), 8.84 (1H, s), 8.83 (1H, s), 8.08 (1H, s), 3.66-3.65 (4H, m), 3.56-3.55 (4H, m), 2.46 (3H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 381.
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (76 g) and toluene (450 mL) were added trimethyl orthoformate (230 mL) and sulfuric acid (0.48 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added basic silica gel (FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL LTD., 150 g), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then the added silica gel was removed by filtration. The silica gel was washed with ethyl acetate (1.2 L), solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (82 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.68 (1H, s), 3.49 (6H, s).
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (45 g) and methanol (320 mL) was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (46 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then the reaction mixture was cooled to 2° C. or less in an ice bath. To the reaction mixture was added slowly triethylamine (75 mL) at a temperature maintained at 9° C. or less, and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, washed sequentially with methanol (120 mL) and hexane (100 mL) to give the title compound (69.8 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.28 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.10 (2H, s), 6.14 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 3.45 (6H, s), 2.43 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 436.
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (69.8 g) and toluene (560 mL) was added dropwise slowly trifluoroacetic acid (25 mL) at a temperature maintained at 24° C. or less over 40 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 1 hour, and then was added dropwise slowly to an ice-cooled solution of tripotassium phosphate (68 g) in water (230 mL) at a temperature maintained at 10° C. or less over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate/tetrahydrofuran. The resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (61.8 g).
LC-MS (MH+): 372.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (59.5 g) and tetrahydrofuran (480 mL) was added a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (120 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 2° C. or less in an ice bath, and then thereto was added dropwise slowly 2 M hydrochloric acid (220 mL) at a temperature maintained at 10° C. or less. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed sequentially with a mixed solution of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate-saturated brine (v/v=1/1), and saturated brine. The aqueous layers obtained in the washings were combined, and the combined aqueous layer was extracted with a mixed solution of ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran (v/v=2/1). All of the resulted organic layers were combined, and the combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the resulted crude product was added diisopropyl ether (600 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then the solid was collected by filtration, washed with diisopropyl ether (200 mL) to give the title compound (51.7 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.88 (1H, br s), 8.81 (1H, s), 7.53 (2H, s), 1.95 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 354.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (51.7 g) and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (210 mL) was added morpholine (38 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 1.5 hours, and then was cooled to 55° C. in a water bath. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise slowly water (800 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was stirred for additional 1 hour in a water bath, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration, and washed sequentially with water and hexane. A mixture of the resulted solid in methanol (130 mL) was stirred at 65° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled gradually to room temperature over 2 hours, and then stirred for additional 1 hour at room temperature. The solid was collected by filtration, and washed with methanol to give the title compound (47.1 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.95 (1H, br s), 8.50 (1H, s), 7.49 (2H, s), 3.65-3.64 (4H, m), 3.53-3.52 (4H, m), 1.96 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 404.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (20 g), cyclopropylboronic acid (12 g), [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride (970 mg), and toluene (200 mL) was added a solution of tripotassium phosphate (32 g) in water (40 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 2 hours, and then thereto was added tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) at 60° C., and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The organic layer was separated, and then the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, and thereto was further added tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), and the mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
The anhydrous sodium sulfate and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were filtered off, and to the filtrate was added N1-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (2.0 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, thereto was added silica gel (Kanto Chemical CO., INC., silica gel 60N, 40 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. The silica gel was filtered off, and washed with ethyl acetate. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (23.2 g).
By a similar production method using 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-morpholino-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (5 g and 20 g), a crude product of the title compound (5.5 g and 23.9 g, respectively) was prepared.
A mixture of the resulted crude product of the title compound (40.6 g) in methanol (200 mL) was stirred at 65° C. for 4 hours, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with methanol (50 mL). A mixture of the resulted solid and methanol (200 mL) was stirred at 65° C. for 4 hours, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature 2.5 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with methanol (40 mL). A mixture of the resulted solid and methanol (260 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 8 hours, and then and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with methanol (20 mL).
A mixture of the resulted solid and ethyl acetate (460 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 4 hours, and then stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and was washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL) to give the title compound (26.2 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 9.87 (1H, br s), 7.92 (1H, s), 6.84 (2H, s), 3.86-3.79 (4H, m), 3.75-3.68 (4H, m), 2.03 (6H, s), 1.93-1.84 (1H, m), 1.04-0.96 (2H, m), 0.76-0.70 (2H, m).
LC-MS (MH+): 366.
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (25 g) and toluene (150 mL) were added trimethyl orthoformate (75 mL) and sulfuric acid (0.16 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added basic silica gel (FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICAL LTD., 50 g), and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, and then the added silica gel was removed by filtration. The silica gel was washed with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (29 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.68 (1H, s), 3.49 (6H, s).
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (16 g) and methanol (160 mL), was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (16 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then thereto was added triethylamine (27 mL) at a temperature maintained at 40° C. or less over 5 minutes, and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, was washed with methanol (150 mL) to give the title compound (21 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.28 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.10 (2H, s), 6.14 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 3.45 (6H, s), 2.43 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 436.
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (21 g) and toluene (170 mL) was added dropwise slowly trifluoroacetic acid (21 mL) at a temperature maintained at 30° C. or less over 5 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for additional 30 minutes, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (24.5 g).
LC-MS (MH+): 372.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (24.5 g) and tetrahydrofuran (180 mL) was added a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (100 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise slowly 2 M hydrochloric acid (100 mL) at a temperature maintained at 30° C. or less. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the resulted a crude product was added diisopropyl ether (130 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, and then the solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (12 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.88 (1H, br s), 8.81 (1H, s), 7.53 (2H, s), 1.95 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 354.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (60 mg) and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1.2 mL) were added (1R,4R)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride (35 mg) and triethylamine (0.071 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was purified by reverse-phase C18 column chromatography (eluent: acetonitrile/water) to give the title compound (80 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.82 (1H, s), 8.47 (1H, s), 7.50 (2H, s), 4.97 (1H, s), 4.65 (1H, s), 3.81-3.72 (2H, m), 3.52 (1H, dd, J=10.2, 1.0 Hz), 3.41-3.38 (1H, m), 1.98 (6H, s), 1.93-1.83 (2H, m).
LC-MS (MH+): 416.
To a mixture of 6-((1R,4R)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-5-yl)-2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (71 mg), cyclopropylboronic acid (44 mg), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride dichloromethane solvate (28 mg), and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (2.1 mL) was added a 2M aqueous solution of tripotassium phosphate (0.26 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: methanol/ethyl acetate) and reverse-phase C18 column chromatography (eluent: acetonitrile/water) to give the title compound (29 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.79 (1H, s), 8.38 (1H, d, J=1.2 Hz), 6.92 (2H, s), 4.96 (1H, s), 4.65 (1H, s), 3.76 (2H, dd, J=11.9, 7.5 Hz), 3.51 (1H, d, J=10.6 Hz), 3.39 (1H, d, J=10.9 Hz), 1.93-1.83 (9H, m), 0.97 (2H, dd, J=13.4, 4.9 Hz), 0.72 (2H, q, J=5.0 Hz).
LC-MS (MH+): 378.
To a mixture of 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (1.0 g) and N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) were added cesium carbonate (2.9 g) and sodium chlorodifluoroacetate (2.3 g) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed sequentially with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (750 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 6.87 (2H, s), 6.51 (1H, t, J=73.1 Hz), 2.32 (6H, s).
To a mixture of 5-(difluoromethoxy)-1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene (750 mg) and ethanol (10 mL) was added 10% palladium carbon (75 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight under hydrogen atmosphere (ambient pressure). The palladium catalyst was filtered off through Celite, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (720 mg).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 6.74 (2H, s), 6.35 (1H, t, J=75.1 Hz), 3.50 (2H, br s), 2.16 (6H, s).
To a mixture of 4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,6-dimethylaniline (720 mg) and 6 M hydrochloric acid (3.6 mL) was added concentrated hydrochloric acid (2.1 mL), and then the mixture was cooled to −16° C. At the same temperature, to the reaction mixture was added dropwise slowly an aqueous solution (7.2 mL) of sodium nitrite (280 mg) over 3 minutes. The mixture was stirred for additional 70 minutes. At the same temperature, to the reaction mixture was added dropwise a solution of tin(II) chloride dihydrate (1.8 g) in concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.6 mL) over 5 minutes, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. Then refrigerant was removed, and the mixture was stirred for additional 2 hours. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, and then washed with a small amount of 2 M hydrochloric acid and diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (560 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 9.49 (3H, br s), 7.19 (1H, t, J=74.1 Hz), 6.93 (2H, s), 6.77 (1H, br s), 2.37 (6H, s).
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (600 mg) which was synthesized in a similar way to Step 5-1 of Preparation example 5, (4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (560 mg), and methanol (5.6 mL) was added triethylamine (0.98 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and then to the residue was added ethyl acetate, and then the resulted salt was filtered off through Celite to give a crude product of the title compound.
LC-MS (MH+): 423.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2,4-dichloro-6-(2-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine and toluene (7.9 mL) was added dropwise trifluoroacetic acid (1.0 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was neutralized with a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed sequentially with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate and saturated brine, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound.
LC-MS (MH+): 359.
To a mixture of the crude product of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and tetrahydrofuran (8.4 mL) was added a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (4.7 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 2 M hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate), and then the resulted solid was washed with diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (150 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.87 (1H, br s), 8.80 (1H, s), 7.31 (1H, t, J=73.8 Hz), 7.11 (2H, s), 1.96 (6H, s).
To a mixture of 6-chloro-2-(4-(difluoromethoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (30 mg) and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1.0 mL) was added morpholine (0.023 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate), and then the resulted solid was washed with water to give the title compound (14 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.94 (1H, br s), 8.48 (1H, s), 7.29 (1H, t, J=73.8 Hz), 7.07 (2H, s), 3.66-3.64 (4H, m), 3.54-3.52 (4H, m), 1.97 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 392.
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (25 g) in tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) were added slowly N,N-diisopropylethylamine (38.2 mL) and benzyl chloroformate (14.2 mL) over 2 minutes under an argon atmosphere at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture was added hexane (100 mL), and then the mixture was washed sequentially with water (100 mL) and saturated brine. The resulted organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the residue was added hexane, the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (30.3 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 7.32 (5H, br s), 7.09 (2H, s), 6.52 (1H, br s), 5.67 (1H, br s), 5.06 (2H, s), 2.33 (6H, br s).
Tripotassium phosphate (21.3 g) was dissolved in water (40 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and thereto were added toluene (100 mL), benzyl 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate (10 g), cyclopropyl boronic acid (6.91 g) and bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene dichloropalladium(II) dichloromethane complex (700 mg), and then the resulted mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then the mixture was neutralized with 6 M hydrochloric acid. Then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The resulted organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then the anhydrous magnesium sulfate was filtered off.
To the organic layer was added ISOLUTE Si-TMT (metal scavenge silica gel, manufactured by Biotage, 0.49 mmol TMT/g, 5.25 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, and then the silica gel was filtered off, and solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the residue was added hexane (50 mL), and the mixture was stirred, and then the resulted solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (6.3 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 7.31 (5H, br s), 6.68 (2H, s), 6.48 (1H, br s), 5.65 (1H, br s), 5.06 (2H, s), 2.32 (6H, br s), 1.80-1.73 (1H, m), 0.87-0.84 (2H, m), 0.61-0.59 (2H, m).
To the mixture of benzyl 2-(4-cyclopropyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxylate (6.0 g) in ethanol (48 mL) was added a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (48 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool, and thereto was added acetic acid (5.5 mL), and the mixture was extracted with toluene twice. The resulted organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to about ⅓ of the volume. To the resulted mixture was added a 4 M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (4.6 mL), and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. The resulted solid was collected by filtration and washed with hexane to give the title compound (3.7 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 9.50 (3H, br s), 6.79 (2H, s), 6.66 (1H, br s), 2.33 (6H, s), 1.83-1.81 (1H, m), 0.97-0.84 (2H, m), 0.65-0.62 (2H, m).
To a mixture of 4-iodo-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (2.0 g) and N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) were added cesium carbonate (7.0 g) and 2-iodopropane (1.1 mL), and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was further stirred for 2 hours at 50° C., and then thereto was added water, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was washed with water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (2.1 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 4.53-4.44 (1H, m), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.09 (3H, s), 1.31 (6H, d, J=6.5 Hz).
To a mixture of 4-iodo-1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (1.0 g) and tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added a 1.56 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (3.2 mL) under an argon atmosphere at −78° C., and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hours. To the reaction mixture was added di-tert-butyl (E)-diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate (1.3 g), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour with the temperature spontaneously rising to room temperature. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent:hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (1.0 g).
LC-MS (MH+): 369.
To di-tert-butyl 1-(1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)hydrazine-1,2-dicarboxylate (1.0 g) was added a 4 M solution of hydrogen chloride in cyclopropyl methyl ether (10 mL), and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (570 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 9.36 (3H, br s), 4.44-4.37 (1H, m), 4.09 (1H, br s), 2.23 (3H, s), 2.17 (3H, s), 1.31 (6H, d, J=6.5 Hz).
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (710 mg) which was synthesized in a similar manner to Step 5-1 of Preparation example 5 and methanol (11 mL) was added triethylamine (3.1 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added 4-hydrazinyl-1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride (570 mg), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound.
LC-MS (MH+): 389.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2,4-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)-6-(2-(1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)hydrazinyl)pyrimidine and toluene (11 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.85 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hours, and then neutralized with a 2 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (8.3 mL). The resulted mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound.
LC-MS (MH+): 325.
To a mixture of the crude product of 4,6-dichloro-2-(1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and tetrahydrofuran (9.0 mL) was added a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2.8 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 1.5 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 2 M hydrochloric acid, and diluted with water and ethyl acetate, and then the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The resulted organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (eluent:acetonitrile/water) to give the title compound (130 mg).
LC-MS (MH+): 307.
To a mixture of 6-chloro-2-(1-isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (130 mg) and tetrahydrofuran (1.3 mL) was added pyrrolidine (0.17 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse-phase column chromatography (eluent: acetonitrile/water) and column chromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (19 mg).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 10.50 (1H, s), 8.37 (1H, s), 4.53-4.47 (1H, m), 3.47 (4H, t, J=6.7 Hz), 2.20 (3H, s), 2.10 (3H, s), 1.90 (4H, t, J=6.6 Hz), 1.38 (6H, d, J=6.7 Hz).
LC-MS (MH+):342.
To a mixture of 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (170 g) and toluene (1.0 L) were added trimethyl orthoformate (500 mL) and sulfuric acid (1.1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. To the reaction mixture was added basic silica gel (FUJI SILYSIA, 330 g), and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours, and then the added silica gel was removed by filtration. The silica gel was washed with ethyl acetate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the title compound (180 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.68 (1H, s), 3.49 (6H, s).
To a mixture of (4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (80 g) and methanol (560 mL) was added 2,4,6-trichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (82 g) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath. To the reaction mixture was added slowly triethylamine (130 mL), and then the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours. The resulted solid was collected by filtration, and washed sequentially with methanol (150 mL) and hexane (100 mL) to give the title compound (69.8 g).
1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 8.28 (1H, d, J=4.4 Hz), 7.10 (2H, s), 6.14 (1H, d, J=4.9 Hz), 5.56 (1H, s), 3.45 (6H, s), 2.43 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 436.
To a mixture of 4-(2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)hydrazinyl)-2,6-dichloro-5-(dimethoxymethyl)pyrimidine (120 g) and toluene (970 mL) was added dropwise slowly trifluoroacetic acid (43 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature maintained at 26° C. or less over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes, and then added dropwise slowly to a solution, cooled in an ice bath, of tripotassium phosphate (120 g) in water (400 mL). Thereto were added ethyl acetate (100 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (640 mL), and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a crude product of the title compound (109 g).
LC-MS (MH+): 372.
To a mixture of the crude product of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4,6-dichloro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (109 g) and tetrahydrofuran (830 mL) was added a 4 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (210 mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 5 hours. To the reaction mixture cooled in an ice bath was added dropwise slowly 2 M hydrochloric acid (280 mL), and then the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was further extracted with a mixed solution of tetrahydrofuran/ethyl acetate (v/v=4/1). The combined organic layer was washed with saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. To the resulted the crude product were added diisopropyl ether (550 mL) and ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, and then the solid was collected by filtration to give the title compound (79 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 12.88 (1H, br s), 8.81 (1H, s), 7.53 (2H, s), 1.95 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+): 354.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-chloro-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3.0 g) and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (10 mL) were added 1,5,2-dioxazepane hydrochloride (1.8 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.0 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 140° C. for 2.5 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. To the reaction mixture was added dropwise slowly water (20 mL), and the resulted solid was collected by filtration, and washed sequentially with water and hexane. A mixture of the resulted solid and diisopropyl ether (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 hours. The solid was collected by filtration, and washed with diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (3.5 g)
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 11.26 (1H, s), 8.56 (1H, s), 7.50 (2H, s), 4.13-4.11 (2H, m), 3.88 (4H, s), 3.80-3.78 (2H, m), 1.96 (6H, s).
LC-MS (MH+):420.
To a mixture of 2-(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-(1,5,2-dioxazepan-2-yl)-2,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one (3.5 g), cyclopropyl boronic acid (1.6 g), [1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride (540 mg) and toluene (35 mL) was added a solution of tripotassium phosphate (5.2 g) in water (7 mL) under an argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 3 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereto was added ISOLUTE Si-TMT (silica gel for metal scavenger, manufactured by Biotage, 0.47 mmol TMT/g, 5.0 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then thereto was added silica gel (25 mL), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The added silica gel was removed by filtration, was washed with ethyl acetate, and then solvent was removed under reduced pressure. A mixture of the residue and ethyl acetate (15 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. Thereto was added diisopropyl ether (15 mL), and the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the solid was collected by filtration, and washed with diisopropyl ether to give the title compound (2.6 g).
1H-NMR (DMSO-D6) δ: 11.21 (1H, br s), 8.48 (1H, s), 6.92 (2H, s), 4.13-4.11 (2H, m), 3.88 (4H, s), 3.80-3.78 (2H, m), 1.94-1.89 (7H, m), 0.97-0.95 (2H, m), 0.72-0.70 (2H, m).
LC-MS (MH+):382.
Example compounds other than those described above were obtained in a similar manner to the above Preparation methods and Preparation examples, or if necessary by known methods. The structure and physical property data of each Example compound are shown in the following tables.
The NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity of test compounds were evaluated on the basis of the inhibitory activity of the IL-1β production in THP1-Null cells (Product Number: thp-null, InvivoGen). Cells were maintained for culture in RPMI-1640 media containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 25 mmol/L HEPES, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 100 μg/mL normocin, and 200 μg/mL hygromycin B (set at 37° C., 5% CO2/95% air). Cells were suspended with media for assay containing 0.5 μmol/L PMA (RPMI-1640 media containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin), and the suspended cells were seeded on Corning (registered trademark) 384-well Flat Clear Bottom Black Polystyrene TC-treated Microplates (25,000 cells/25 μL/well), followed by incubation (set at 37° C., 5% CO2/95% air) overnight. The supernatant of the culture was removed, and thereto was added media for assay (25 μL/well) containing 1 μg/mL Lipopolysaccharides (Product Number: L2654, Sigma-Aldrich (registered trademark)). Then, the culture was further incubated for 3 hours (set at 37° C., 5% CO2/95% air). The supernatant of the culture was removed. Then, a vehicle solution prepared from Opti-MEM (trademark) medium (Product Number: 31985-070, Invitrogen) was added to blank-setting wells and control-setting wells (20 μL/well), followed by incubation for 15 minutes (set at 37° C., 5% CO2/95% air). A solution containing a test compound (20 μL/well) was added to test compound-setting wells. Further, Opti-MEM (trademark) medium containing Nigericin (Product Number: N7143, Sigma-Aldrich (registered trademark)) was added to the control-setting wells and test compound-setting wells (5 μL/well), followed by incubation for 1.5 hours (set at 37° C., 5% CO2/95% air). The final concentration of Nigericin was adjusted to be 7.5 μmol/L. 5 μL/well of Opti-MEM (trademark) medium was added to the blank-setting wells. The supernatant of the culture was cryonically stored (set at −20° C.) until measurement of IL-1β.
The amount of IL-1β in the culture supernatant was quantitated with AlphaLISA(registered trademark) Human IL-1β Detection Kit (Product Number: AL220C, Perkin Elmer). Fluorescence intensity was measured with a microplate reader EnSpier (Model number: 2300-00J, Perkin Elmer) or EnSight(Model number: HH34000000, Perkin Elmer) according to procedure manuals attached thereto. Inhibition rates of the test compound-setting wells were calculated on the basis of 100% for the blank-setting wells and 0% for the control-setting wells. IC50 values (i.e., 50% inhibitory concentrations) of the test compounds were calculated by logistic regression analysis. The result of each Example compound is shown in the following tables.
Formulation examples of the present invention include the following formulations, but are not intended to be limited thereto.
Ingredients (1), (2), (3), and (4) are mixed to be filled in a gelatin capsule.
The total amounts of Ingredients (1), (2), and (3) and 30 g of Ingredient (4) are combined with water, dried in vacuo, and then granulated. The resulted granules are mixed with 14 g of Ingredient (4) and 1 g of Ingredient (5), and tableted with a tabletting machine. In this manner, 1,000 tablets of which each tablet comprises 10 mg of the compound of Example 1 are obtained.
A compound of Formula [I], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a compound of Formula [IA], or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, has an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory activity, and thus is expected to be useful for treating or preventing a disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease (for example, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), arteriosclerosis, Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (for example, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome, chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome, and Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, gout, gouty arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, contact dermatitis, dry eye, ischemic heart disease (for example, acute myocardial infarction), systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, recurrent pericarditis, adult onset Still's disease (for example, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome), Schnitzler syndrome, deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency, hyper IgD syndrome, Behcet's disease, lung cancer, psoriasis, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarct, intracerebral bleeding, epilepsy, depressive illness, autism spectrum disorder, spinal cord injury, septic encephalopathy, neuropathic pain, COVID-19, and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021141253 | Aug 2021 | JP | national |
| 2022068967 | Apr 2022 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2022/032606 | 8/30/2022 | WO |
