8-azolylmethylquinolines and herbicidal use thereof

The present invention relates to novel 8-azolylmethylquinolines of the formula I ##STR2## where R is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;
X is halogen;
A is 1,2-diazol-1-yl, 1,3-diazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl, which can carry on each of the carbon atoms one of the following substituents: halogen, mercapto, nitro, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulfonyl or CO--R.sup.1 where R.sup.1 can be C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or amino;
B is chlorine, bromine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, --NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acyl; ZR.sup.4 where R.sup.4 is phenyl which can carry one nitro, cyano or phenoxy group and up to 3 of the following substituents: halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl which can carry up to 3 halogen atoms, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, and Z is oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sup.5 --where R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,
and the salts and metal complexes of I with those acids and metals, respectively, which do not impair the herbicidal action of I.
The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of these compounds, to the use thereof as herbicides and to herbicidal agents which contain these compounds as active substances.
DE-A 35 24 918 and EP-B 60 429 disclose 8-azolylcarbonylquinolines, and 8-dichloromethylquinolines, respectively, as compounds with herbicidal activity.
However, the selectivity of these known herbicides with regard to weeds is only conditionally satisfactory so that the object of the present invention was to find novel compounds which have herbicidal activity and with which weeds can be controlled better than hitherto with negligible attack on crop plants.
Accordingly, we have now found the 8-azolylmethylquinolines of the formula I defined in the first paragraph.
In addition, we have found processes for the preparation of these 8-azolylmethylquinolines, and the use of these compounds as herbicides.
The compounds of the formula I contain an asymmetric carbon atom and can thus occur as enantiomers. The racemates can be resolved by conventional methods, for example by formation of a salt with an optically active acid. Both the pure enantiomers and the mixture of isomers produced in the synthesis are suitable as herbicides.
The substituents in the compounds I according to the invention have the following specific meanings:
R is preferably hydrogen, halogen such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, cyano, branched or unbranched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, eg. methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, trichloromethyl and branched or unbranched, partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, e.g. trifluoromethyl; chlorine and bromine are particularly preferred;
X is halogen, particularly fluorine, chlorine and bromine;
A is 1,2-diazol-1-yl, 1,3-diazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl, which can carry on each of the carbon atoms one of the following groups: halogen such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine, mercapto, nitro, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl such as methyl, partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy such as methoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio such as methylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl or aminocarbonyl; particularly preferred are pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, 2-methylimidazolyl, 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl, 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl, 5-nitromidazolul, 4,5-dichloroimidazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolyl and 5-mercapto-1,3,4-triazolyl;
B is chlorine and bromine, branched or unbranched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, particularly methoxy, ethoxy and i-propoxy, phenoxy or substituted phenoxy, especially 2-halophenoxy, 2-fluorophenoxy, 4-halophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 2,4-dihalophenoxy, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxy, 4-trihaloalkylphenoxy, such as 4-trifluoromethylphenoxy, 4-alkoxyphenoxy, such as 4-methoxyphenoxy and phenoxyphenoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, particularly methylthio and ethylthio, phenylthio or substituted phenylthio, particularly 4-halophenylthio, such as 4-chlorophenylthio, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino, particularly methylamino and ethylamino, di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino such as dimethylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acylamino or N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acyl)-N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino or phenylamino or phenylalkylamino, particularly phenylamino.
Suitable compounds are listed in the examples in Table I.
Particularly suitable compounds are those in which R and X are, independently of one another, halogen, especially chlorine, A is 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl, and B is chlorine or bromine.
Suitable acid addition salts are salts of those acids which do not impair the herbicidal action of I, eg. the hydrochlorides and hydrobromides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, oxalates or dodecylbenzenesulfonates.
Suitable metal complexes are the complexes of copper, zinc, tin, manganese, iron, cobalt or nickel. The complexes are preferably prepared from the free bases I and salts of mineral acids, for example the chlorides or sulfates of the metals.
If B in the compounds I according to the invention is chlorine or bromine, they are prepared in a very advantageous manner by a method similar to that described by H. Matsumoto et al. (Tetrahedron Letters 52 (1979) 5011) by reacting the azoles AH with an 8-formylquinoline II and an inorganic acid halide (YHal.sub.2) as shown in the following equation: ##STR3##
The inorganic acid halides (YHal.sub.2) are halogenating agents such as phosphorus oxychloride, thiophosgene and, preferably, phosgene and thionyl chloride and bromide.
The starting compounds II are known or can be obtained in a conventional manner (cf. EP-B 60 429), eg. by oxidation of substituted 8-methylquinolines of the formula III ##STR4## where R.sup.6 is chlorine, bromine, methoxy or acetoxy.
Oxidizing agents which can be used are inorganic oxidizing acids, metal oxides such as chromium trioxide or nitroalkanes such as 2-nitropropane.
The acid halide is preferably employed in at least the equimolar amount, in particular from 1 to 2 times the amount, based on the formylquinoline II. The azole component AH is employed in twice, preferably 5-6 times, the molar amount based on the acid chloride or bromide.
The reaction is preferably carried out at from -30.degree. to +100.degree. C., particularly preferably at from 0.degree. to 20.degree. C., in the presence of a solvent.
Examples of preferred solvents are nitriles such as acetonitrile, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether or dioxane. Hydrocarbons and chlorohydrocarbons are particularly preferred, such as hexane, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, tetrachloromethane or mixtures of the said solvents.
The reaction is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure, unless an elevated pressure, up to about 5 bar, is advisable because of volatile reactants.
Since the acid halides and the intermediates are sensitive to hydrolysis, the reaction is preferably carried out with exclusion of moisture, particularly preferably under a protective gas atmosphere.
The compounds I in which B is not chlorine or bromine can be prepared particularly advantageously from the chlorine or bromine compounds Ia by reacting them with a compound H-B and a base. ##STR5##
The component B-H is advantageously employed in stoichiometric amounts, preferably in an excess of about 20%, based on the 8-azolylhalomethylquinolines Ia.
The reaction is advantageously carried out with the addition of an organic or inorganic base and/or of a reaction accelerator in the presence of a solvent.
The amounts of base and reaction accelerator can vary depending on the compound employed. A small excess (up to about 10%) of base relative to the 8-azolylquinoline Ia is advantageously used.
Examples of suitable bases are alkali metal hydroxides such as lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate or sodium or potassium bicarbonate, alkali metal amides such as those of sodium or potassium, and the organic bases pyridine, 4-dialkylaminopyridine, dialkylamines and dialkylanilines or, preferably, the alkali metal salt of the component B-H.
It is also possible to use the component A-H employed for the preparation of the 8-azolylmethylquinolines Ia as base.
The reaction accelerator is preferably added to the reaction mixture in catalytic amounts.
Examples of reaction accelerators which can be used are metal halides, preferably sodium iodide or potassium iodide, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium halides or bisulfates, preferably tetrabutylammonium chloride, bromide or iodide, aryltrialkylammonium halides such as benzyltriethylammonium chloride or bromide and crown ethers such as 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, benzo-15-crown-5, dibenzo-18-crown-6or dicyclohexano-18-crown-6.
Solvents which are preferably used are ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone, nitriles such as acetonitrile or propionitrile, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, glycols, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, dioxane or diisopropyl ether, amides such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane or mixtures of the said solvents.
The reaction is advantageously carried out at from 0.degree. to 180.degree. C., preferably at the boiling point of the solvent used.
The statements concerning the pressure for the preparation of the compound Ia apply here.
The processes according to the invention for the preparation of substituted 8-azolylmethylquinolines can be carried out continuously or batchwise.
The compounds I and the defined salts and complexes thereof are suitable as herbicides.
The 8-azolylmethylquinolines, and herbicidal agents containing them, may be applied for instance in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions (including high-percentage aqueous, oily or other suspensions), dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dusts, broadcasting agents, or granules by spraying, atomizing, dusting, broadcasting or watering. The forms of application depend entirely on the purpose for which the agents are being used, but they must ensure as fine a distribution of the active ingredients according to the invention as possible.
For the preparation of solutions, emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions to be sprayed direct, mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, further coal-tar oils, and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, isophorone, etc., and strongly polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, water, etc. are suitable.
Aqueous formulations may be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes, oil dispersions, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions the ingredients as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent may be homogenized in water by means of wetting or dispersing agents, adherents or emulsifiers. Concentrates which are suitable for dilution with water may be prepared from active ingredient, wetting agent, adherent, emulsifying or dispersing agent and possibly solvent or oil.
Examples of surfactants are: alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, e.g., ligninsulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid and dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, and of fatty acids, alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates, and alkyl, lauryl ether and fatty alcohol sulfates, and salts of sulfated hexadecanols, heptadecanols, and octadecanols, salts of fatty alcohol glycol ethers, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol and ethoxylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetate, sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and methyl cellulose.
Powders, dusts and broadcasting agents may be prepared by mixing or grinding the active ingredients with a solid carrier.
Granules, e.g., coated, impregnated or homogeneous granules, may be prepared by bonding the active ingredients to solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attapulgus clay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and ureas, and vegetable products such as grain meals, bark meal, wood meal, and nutshell meal, cellulosic powders, etc.
The formulations contain from 0.1 to 95, and preferably 0.5 to 90, % by weight of active ingredient. The active ingredients are used in a purity of from 90 to 100, and preferably from 95 to 100, % (according to the NMR spectrum).
Examples of formulations are as follows:
I. 90 parts by weight of compound no. 1 is mixed with 10 parts by weight of N-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidone. A mixture is obtained which is suitable for application in the form of very fine drops.
II. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 2 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 80 parts by weight of xylene, 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 8 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of oleic acid-N-monoethanolamide, 5 parts by weight of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and 5 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and uniformly distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient.
III. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 3 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 40 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 30 parts by weight of isobutanol, 20 parts by weight of the adduct of 7 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of isooctylphenol, and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and finely distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient.
IV. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 5 is dissolved in a mixture consisting of 25 parts by weight of cyclohexanone, 65 parts by weight of a mineral oil fraction having a boiling point between 210.degree. and 280.degree. C., and 10 parts by weight of the adduct of 40 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of castor oil. By pouring the solution into 100,000 parts by weight of water and uniformly distributing it therein, an aqueous dispersion is obtained containing 0.02% by weight of the active ingredient.
V. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 21 is well mixed with 3 parts by weight of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalene-alpha-sulfonic acid, 17 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a lignin-sulfonic acid obtained from a sulfite waste liquor, and 60 parts by weight of powdered silica gel, and triturated in a hammer mill. By uniformly distributing the mixture in 20,000 parts by weight of water, a spray liquor is obtained containing 0.1% by weight of the active ingredient.
VI. 3 parts by weight of compound no. 24 is intimately mixed with 97 parts by weight of particulate kaolin. A dust is obtained containing 3% by weight of the active ingredient.
VII. 30 parts by weight of compound no. 27 is intimately mixed with a mixture consisting of 92 parts by weight of powdered silica gel and 8 parts by weight of paraffin oil which has been sprayed onto the surface of this silica gel. A formulation of the active ingredient is obtained having good adherence.
VIII. 40 parts by weight of compound no. 33 is mixed with 10 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic acid-urea-formaldehyde condensate, 2 parts by weight of silica gel and 48 parts by weight of water to give a stable aqueous dispersion which can be further diluted.
IX. 20 parts by weight of compound no. 47 is intimately mixed with 2 parts of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 8 parts of a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, 2 parts of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic acid-urea-formaldehyde condensate and 68 parts of a paraffinic mineral oil. A stable oily dispersion is obtained.
X. 10 parts by weight of compound no. 48, 4 parts by weight of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalene-.alpha.-sulfonic acid, 20 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a ligninsulfonic acid obtained from a sulfite waste liquor, 38 parts by weight of silica gel and 38 parts by weight of kaolin are triturated in a hammer mill. By finely distributing the mixture in 100,000 parts by weight of water a spray liquor is obtained cotaining 0.1 wt % of the active ingredient.
The active ingredients or the herbicidal agents containing them may be applied pre- or postemergence. If certain crop plants tolerate the active ingredients less well, application techniques may be used in which the herbicidal agents are sprayed from suitable equipment in such a manner that the leaves of sensitive crop plants are if possible not touched, and the agents reach the soil or the unwanted plants growing beneath the crop plants (post-directed, lay-by treatment).
The application rates depend on the objective to be achieved, the time of the year, the plants to be combated and their growth stage, and are from 0.001 to 5.0, preferably 0.01 to 2.0, kg of active ingredient per hectare.
In view of the numerous application methods possible, the compounds according to the invention, or the agents containing them, may be used in a large number of crops. Those which follow are given by way of example:
______________________________________Botanical name Common name______________________________________Allium cepa onionsAnanas comosus pineapplesArachis hypogaea peanuts (groundnuts)Asparagus officinalis asparagusAvena sativa oatsBeta vulgaris spp. altissima sugarbeetsBeta vulgaris spp. rapa fodder beetsBeta vulgaris spp. esculenta table beets, red beetsBrassica napus var. napus rapeseedBrassica napus var. napobrassica swedesBrassica napus var. rapa turnipsBrassica rapa var. silvestrisCamellia sinensis tea plantsCarthamus tinctorius safflowerCarya illinoinensis pecan treesCitrus limon lemonsCitrus maxima grapefruitsCitrus reticulata mandarinsCitrus sinensis orange treesCoffea arabica (Coffea canephora, coffee plantsCoffea liberica)Cucumis melo melonsCucumis sativus cucumbersCynodon dactylon BermudagrassDaucus carota carrotsElais guineensis oil palmsFragaria vesca strawberriesGlycine max soybeansGossypium hirsutum (Gossypium arboreum, cottonGossypium herbaceum, Gossypium vitifolium)Helianthus annuus sunflowersHelianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichokeHevea brasiliensis rubber plantsHordeum vulgare barleyHumulus lupulus hopsIpomoea batatas sweet potatoesJuglans regia walnut treesLactuca sativa lettuceLens culinaris lentilsLinum usitatissimum flaxLycopersicon lycopersicum tomatoesMalus spp. apple treesManihot esculenta cassavaMedicago sativa alfalfa (lucerne)Mentha piperita peppermintMusa spp. banana plantsNicotiana tabacum (N. rustica) tobaccoOlea europaea olive treesOryza sativa ricePanicum miliaceum milletPhaseolus lunatus limabeansPhaseolus mungo mungbeansPhaseolus vulgaris snapbeans, green beans, dry beansPennisetum glaucum pearl milletPetroselinum crispum spp. tuberosum parsleyPicea abies Norway spruceAbies alba fir treesPinus spp. pine treesPisum sativum English peasPrunus avium cherry treesPrunus domestica plum treesPrunus dulcis almond treesPrunus persica peach treesPyrus communis pear treesRibes sylvestre redcurrantsRibes uva-crispa gooseberriesRicinus communis castor-oil plantsSaccharum officinarum sugar caneSecale cereale ryeSesamum indicum sesameSolanum tuberosum Irish potatoesSorghum bicolor (s. vulgare) sorghumSorghum dochna sorgoSpinacia oleracea spinachTheobroma cacao cacao plantsTrifolium pratense red cloverTriticum aestivum wheatTriticum durum durum wheatVaccinium corymbosum blueberriesVaccinium vitis-idaea cranberriesVicia faba tick beansVigna sinensis (V. unguiculata) cow peasVitis vinifera grapesZea mays Indian corn, sweet corn, maize______________________________________
To increase the spectrum of action and to achieve synergistic effects, the 8-azolylmethylquinolines I may be mixed with each other, or mixed and applied together with numerous representatives of other herbicidal or growth-regulating active ingredient groups. Examples of suitable components are diazines, 4H-3,1-benzoxazine derivatives, benzothiadiazinones, 2,6-dinitroanilines, N-phenylcarbamates, thiolcarbamates, halocarboxylic acids, triazines, amides, ureas, diphenyl ethers, triazinones, uracils, benzofuran derivatives, cyclohexane-1,3-diones, quinolinecarboxylic acids, (hetero)-aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid derivatives and their salts, esters, amides, etc.
It may also be useful to apply the herbicidal compounds I, either alone or in combination with other herbicides, in admixture with other crop protection agents, e.g., agents for combating pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria. The compounds may also be mixed with solutions of mineral salts used to remedy nutritional or trace element deficiencies. Non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates may also be added.

PREPARATION EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1
3,7-Dichloro-8-[(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)chloromethyl]quinoline ##STR6##
To a solution of 29.7 g (0.43 mol) of triazole in 150 ml of methylene chloride at 0.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere were added 12.8 g (0.11 mol) of thionyl chloride and, after stirring at 25.degree. C. for 30 minutes, 16.3 g (7.2.times.10.sup.-2 mol) of 3,7-dichloroquinoline-8-carbaldehyde.
After reaction at 25.degree. C. for 12 hours, 100 ml of water were added, and the aqueous phase was separated off and extracted twice with methylene chloride. The combined organic phases were then worked up as usual to give the 8-azolylchloromethylquinoline derivative. Recrystallization from isopropanol yielded 19 g of product. Yield: 84%; melting point 140.degree.-146.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 2
3,7-Dichloro-8-[(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methoxymethyl]quinoline ##STR7##
A solution of 5 g (1.6.times.10.sup.-2 mol) of 3,7-dichloro-8-[(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)chloromethyl]quinoline (Example 1), 2.2 g (4.1.times.10.sup.-2 mol) of sodium methylate and a spatula tip of potassium iodide in 100 ml of methanol was refluxed for 5 hours and then 100 ml of water were added. After extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether, the organic phase was washed and worked up as usual. Yield: 4.5 g (91%); melting point 156.degree.-158.degree. C.
The compounds listed in Table 1 were prepared in a similar manner to Examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Novel herbicidal 8-azolylmethylquinolines ##STR8##Ex. R X A B mp. [.degree.C.] Prep. similar to Ex.__________________________________________________________________________3 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Br 155 14 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 25 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl O-iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 119-125 26 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl SCH.sub.3 27 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl NHCH.sub.3 28 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl SC.sub.6 H.sub.5 29 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl NHC.sub.6 H.sub.5 210 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 211 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl ##STR9## 212 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl ##STR10## 213 Cl Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl ##STR11## 214 Cl Cl pyrazolyl Cl 115 Cl Cl pyrazolyl Br 116 Cl Cl pyrazolyl OCH.sub.3 217 Cl Cl imidazolyl Cl 118 Cl Cl imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 219 Cl Cl 5-nitro-imidazolyl Cl 120 Cl Cl 5-nitro-imidazolyl OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 221 Cl Cl 4,5-dichloroimidazolyl Cl resin 122 Cl Cl 4,5-dichloroimidazolyl OCH.sub.3 223 Cl Cl 2-methylimidazolyl Cl 124 Cl Cl 4-cyano-imidazolyl Cl resin 125 Cl Cl 4-cyano-imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 226 Cl Cl 4-cyano-imidazolyl SCH.sub.3 227 Cl Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl Cl 174-180 128 Cl Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 229 Cl CL 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl SCH.sub.3 230 Cl Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 231 Cl Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl NHC.sub.6 H.sub.5 232 Cl Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl SC.sub.6 H.sub.5 233 Cl Cl 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl Cl resin 134 Cl Cl 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 235 Cl Cl 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 236 Cl Cl 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 237 Cl Cl 4-COOCH.sub.3 -imidazolyl SC.sub.6 H.sub.5 238 Cl Cl 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 139 Cl Cl 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 240 F Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 141 F Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 242 F Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Br 143 Br Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 144 Cl F 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 145 Cl F 1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 246 Cl Br 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 147 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 148-155 148 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 151-154 249 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Br 150 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OC.sub.2 H.sub.5 251 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl SCH.sub.3 252 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 253 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl SC.sub.6 H.sub.5 254 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl NHC.sub.6 H.sub.5 255 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl ##STR12## 256 CH.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl ##STR13## 257 CH.sub.3 Cl imidazolyl Cl 158 CH.sub.3 Cl imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 259 CH.sub.3 Cl pyrazolyl Cl 160 CH.sub.3 Cl pyrazolyl Br 161 CH.sub.3 Cl pyrazolyl OCH.sub.3 262 CH.sub.3 Cl pyrazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 263 CH.sub.3 Cl pyrazolyl ##STR14## 264 CH.sub.3 Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl Cl 165 CH.sub.3 Cl 4-CONH.sub.2 -imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 266 H Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 167 H Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 268 CF.sub.3 Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 169 CF.sub.3 Cl imidazolyl Cl 170 CF.sub.3 Cl imidazolyl OCH.sub.3 271 CF.sub.3 Cl imidazolyl OC.sub.6 H.sub.5 272 CN Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl Cl 173 CN Cl 1,2,4-triazolyl OCH.sub.3 274 CN Cl pyrazolyl Cl 175 CN Cl pyrazolyl OCH.sub.3 2__________________________________________________________________________
USE EXAMPLES
The herbicidal action of the 8-azolylmethylquinolines of the formula I is illustrated in the following greenhouse experiments.
The vessels employed were plastic flowerpots having a volume of 300 cm.sup.3 and filled with a sandy loam containing about 3.0% humus. The seeds of the test plants were sown separately, according to species.
In the preemergence treatment, the active ingredients were emulsified or suspended in water and sprayed through finely distributing nozzles. The vessels were lightly sprinkler-irrigated to induce germination and growth, and then covered with transparent plastic hoods until the plants had taken root. This cover caused uniform germination of the test plants insofar as this was not impaired by the active ingredients.
For the postemergence treatment, the plants were grown, depending on growth form, to a height of 3 to 15 cm before being treated with the active ingredients, which were suspended or emulsified in water.
The application rate for pre- and postemergence treatment was 1.0 kg/ha.
The pots were set up in the greenhouse, species from warmer climates in warmer areas (20.degree. to 35.degree. C.) and species from moderate climates at 10.degree. to 25.degree. C. The experiments were run for from 2 to 4 weeks. During this time the plants were tended and their reactions to the various treatments assessed.
The assessment scale was 0 to 100, 100 denoting nonemergence or complete destruction of at least the visible plant parts, and 0 denoting no damage or normal growth.
The plants used in the experiments were Cassia tora, Galium aparine, Solanum nigrum and Zea mays.
Compounds nos. 1 and 3, applied both pre- and postemergence, combated broadleaved plants very well and were well tolerated by the crop plant Indian corn (tested preemergence).

Number	Date	Country	Kind
3917234	May 1989	DEX
3925422	Aug 1989	DEX

Number	Name	Date
4497651	Hagen et al.	Feb 1985
4715889	Hagen et al.	Dec 1987
4832731	Plath et al.	May 1989

Number	Date	Country
8604721	Nov 1986	EPX
1881176	Aug 1977	ZAX

8-azolylmethylquinolines and herbicidal use thereof

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