Embodiments presented herein relate to a method of operating a first radio base station (BS) which is to be replaced by a second BS, as well as to a method of operating a second BS which is to replace a first BS; a method of operating a core network node; corresponding computer programs and computer program products; a first BS; a second BS and a core network node.
Wireless communication networks have over the past decades contributed to unprecedented developments in the possibilities for communication between people and devices. The provisioning of a communication infrastructure to a geographical area can now be performed without much of the previously required cumbersome and resource demanding laying of cables. In recent years, providing first or additional communication facilities to a geographical area can be made with even less preparations by use of one or more moveable base stations (BSs), for example an airborne BSs mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or a BS mounted on other vehicles, such as trucks or boats.
As mentioned in WO2017/220110 A1, a need may arise to replace one airborne BS with another, for example due to a battery power drain. A method and apparatus for group handover or cell re-selection in non-terrestrial networks, wherein airborne BSs operate, is provided in GB2576203A. GB2576203 discloses a system wherein a plurality of User Equipments (UEs) are being served by a first airborne BS. A second replacement airborne BS broadcasts a transmission to the plurality of UEs at a second frequency, which is different to a first frequency used by the first BS. The first BS broadcasts, to the plurality of UEs, an inter-frequency measurement report request, requesting measurements for the second frequency. The first BS initiates at least one simultaneous group handover procedure of the plurality of UEs from the first BS to the second replacement BS.
Improvements in how to replace a first BS with a second BS are desired in relation to moveable BSs. Although replacement of a permanently positioned (fixed) BS typically occurs less frequently, also the replacement of such BSs can benefit from an improved replacement procedure.
An object of the invention is to improve resource efficiency in relation to the scenario where one BS needs to be replaced by another BS.
This and other objects are met by means of different aspects of the invention, as defined by the claims appended hereto.
According to a first aspect, a first radio base station, BS, is provided, the first BS being operable to provide radio access to wireless devices, WDs, in a communication system. The first BS comprises processing circuitry configured to transfer, to a second BS by which the first BS is to be replaced, BS state information indicative of a BS state associated with operation of the first BS; stop transmission to/from all WDs to which the first BS is currently providing radio access; and transfer, to the second BS, WD state information 440 indicative of a plurality of WD states, wherein a WD state is associated with a respective WD of the all WDs.
According to a second aspect, a method of operating a first BS, which is to be replaced by a second BS, is provided. The method comprises: transferring, to the second BS, information indicative of a BS state associated with operation of the first BS; stopping transmission to/from all WDs to which the first BS is currently providing radio access; and transferring, to the second BS, information indicative of a plurality of WD states, wherein a WD state is associated with a respective WD of the all WDs.
According to a third aspect, a second BS is provided, the second BS being operable to provide radio access to wireless devices, WDs, in a communication system. The second BS comprises processing circuitry configured to: receive, from a first BS which the second BS is to replace, BS state information 430 indicative of a BS state associated with operation of the first BS; configure the second BS in accordance with the BS state information; receive, from the first BS, WD information indicative of a plurality of WD states, wherein a WD state is associated with a respective WD to which the first BS has hitherto provided radio access; and provide radio access to WDs, to which the first BS has hitherto provided radio access.
According to a fourth aspect, a method of operating a second BS, which is to be replaced by a first BS, is provided. The method comprises: receiving, from the first BS, BS state information indicative of a BS state associated with operation of the first BS; configuring the second BS in accordance with the BS state information; receiving, from the first BS, WD information indicative of a plurality of WD states, wherein a WD state is associated with a respective WD to which the first BS has hitherto provided radio access; and providing radio access to WDs, to which the first BS has hitherto provided radio access.
According to a fifth aspect, a computer program is provided. The computer program comprises computer-executable instructions for causing a BS to perform embodiments according to the second and/or fourth aspects, when the computer-executable instructions are executed on processing circuitry comprised in the BS. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable storage media having the computer program of the fifth aspect embodied therein, is also provided
According to a sixth aspect, a core network, CN, node is provided, the CN node forming part of a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of BSs. The CN node comprises processing circuitry configured to: identify a need to replace a first BS, which currently provides radio access to a plurality of WDs in the communication system; send, to the first BS, a swap-out request message comprising an indication of an upcoming replacement of the first BS; and send, to a second BS, a swap-in request message comprising a request for the second BS to replace the first BS.
According to a seventh aspect, a method performed by a CN node is provided. The method comprises: identifying a need to replace a first BS, which currently provides radio access to a plurality of WDs; sending 805, to the first BS, a swap-out request message 405; and sending 805, to a second BS, an instruction 410 to replace the first BS.
According to an eighth aspects, a computer program is provided. The computer program comprises computer-executable instructions for causing a CN node to perform the method according to embodiments of the seventh aspect, when the computer-executable instructions are executed on processing circuitry comprised in the CN node. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable storage media having the computer program of the seventh aspect embodied therein, is also provided.
By the aspects described above is achieved that the replacement of one BS by another can be performed in a carrier resource efficient manner, without having to use any additional radio carriers or frequencies than the ones already used by the BS to be replaced. Hence, the methods and apparatus defined above can be used in communication systems having few, or even just one, carrier, since no hand-over of the WDs from one carrier to another is required.
Furthermore, since the replacement procedure is based on communication between network nodes (i.e. first and second BSs, and typically one or more CN nodes) and does not involve replacement-related signaling (such as hand-over signaling) to the served WDs, the replacement procedure can be fast, thus reducing the risk of radio link failure. Oftentimes in a replacement scenario, the first and second BSs will be positioned close to each other with good radio connection, thereby facilitating for a smooth signaling scenario. Furthermore, there is no need for Random Access (RA) or other hand-over related signaling with the WDs.
The above aspects provide a signaling efficient replacement procedure, since the WDs served by the first BS will not be involved in any additional signaling due to the replacement. Compared to a solution wherein an inter-frequency handover of WDs is performed from the first BS to the second BS, the WD battery usage will be significantly reduced, as well as interference. Due to the lower complexity of the above aspects compared to a solution based on inter-frequency handover, less interaction with an operation and maintenance system may also be required.
In some embodiments, the first BS determines an order between the plurality of WDs, in which order the information indicative of a WD state relating to different WDs will be transferred. The determining may be based on a respective priority indication of the plurality of WDs and/or on a priority indication relating to user plane data to be transmitted to/from the respective WDs. Hereby, the risk of losing important WD connection during the replacement procedure is reduced.
In some embodiments, at least two different parts of the replacement procedure are initiated at different points in time. For example, in one embodiment, the transferring of information indicative of a BS state is initiated at a first point in time, T1; stopping of UL data transfers is initiated at a second, later, point in time, T2, for any of the all WDs for which UL data transfer has not already been stopped; and the transfer of WD state information is initiated at a third, yet later, point in time, T3, for of the all WDs. Hereby, balancing of the interruption time for active users and the time it takes to move the contexts is facilitated, and also the processing time needed to do the transfer. The distance in time between the different points in time when different parts of the procedure are initiated could be set in dependence of the current activity of the WDs to which the first BS is currently providing radio access. In one implementation, the CN node of the sixth aspect is configured to send trigger messages to the first BS at at least one of the first, second and third points in time. In another implementation, the first BS is configured to set a timer indicating at least one of the first, second or third point in time.
In some embodiments, transmission to/from a selection of WDs, to which the first BS is providing radio access, is decelerated or discontinued prior to the transferring of information indicative of a BS state having been initiated. Hereby is achieved that the time required for the transfer of WD states from the first BS to the second BS will be further reduced, thus reducing the risk of radio link failure for the remaining WDs being served by the first WD.
In some embodiments, the first and second BSs negotiate at which time the replacement is to take place. In other embodiments, the time for the replacement is determined by one of the first or second BSs, or by a CN node. By the first and second BSs negotiating the time for the replacement is achieved that the available resources can be more efficiently used. For example, in case of airborne BSs, the first BS may have a different battery level than expected at rendez-vous of the first and second BS, and by the first and second BSs negotiating the time for the replacement, the time for replacement can efficiently be selected in dependence of current battery level. In embodiments where different parts of the replacement procedure are initiated at different points in time, the negotiation of the time at which the replacement is to take place may include a negotiation of when the different parts of the replacement are to be initiated.
In order to avoid the risk of fraudulent base stations trying to get access to the communication system, the second BS is advantageously verified before the transfer of data from the first BS is initiated. In some embodiments, the first BS obtains an authentication key of the second BS; and verifies the authenticity of the second BS by use of the received authentication key.
In some embodiments, the second BS uses the same BS identity as the first BS in relation to the WDs and/or to a plurality of network nodes in the communication system. Oftentimes, the second BS can use the same identity as the first BS in relation to all network nodes but the first BS and any CN node which is directly involved in the replacement procedure. Hereby is achieved that the same links and interfaces to the plurality of network nodes can be used by the first and second BSs, and thereby, less backbone support will be required.
The transferring of information from the first BS to the second BS could for example be performed over a logically direct communication interface.
The above, as well as additional objects, features and advantages of the invention, will be better understood through the following illustrative and non-limiting detailed description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
All the figures are schematic, not necessarily to scale, and generally only show parts which are helpful in order to elucidate the embodiments, wherein other parts may be omitted or merely suggested.
An example of a wireless communication system 100 is schematically illustrated in
As mentioned above, a need to replace a base station 105 with another base station 105 may arise, for example, in the case of an airborne BS 105 where the battery power is running low. In
In the following, efficient methods, devices and computer programs for replacing a base station 105 with another base station 105 will be described. In the description, first BS 105 will be referred to as BS1, while second BS 105 will be referred to as BS2. In the drawings, optional features are illustrated by dashed lines.
In the procedure illustrated in
At 200, BS1 transfers information relating to its BS state to BS2. The information relating to the BS state of BS1, the BS state information, may include one or more of: a cell identity, e.g. a Physical Cell ID (PCI); a WD context, e.g. a UE context; a security context; one or more encryption keys, such as an encryption key pair or a single key which is shared by BS1 and BS2; a transport layer context; a CN context, for example a New Generation (NG) context or an S1 context; a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI); a Timing Advance (TA) value; an E-UTRAN Cell Identity (ECI) or an E-UTRAN Cell Global Identity (EGI); a signal strength and/or quality report comprising a value indicative of e.g. a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and/or a UL Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (UL SINR). The BS state transferred from BS1 to BS2 at 200 can be seen as the internal state of BS1, which is to be taken on by BS2 as its internal state.
In some embodiments, the transferring at 200 is part of a spooling procedure, wherein the spooling procedure further comprises the BS1 performing one or more of collecting, re-arranging and compressing the BS state information.
At 205, BS1 stops any transmission to and from the WDs 125 to which BS1 is providing radio access service. Hence, no more uplink (UL) grants and no more downlink (DL) data transfers will be transmitted from BS2. The data transfer between BS1 and WDs 125, as well as any transfer of user plane data between BS1 and the CN 100, is also stopped. In some embodiments, BS1, or MS 135, sends a stop indication to relevant node(s) in the CN 110, the stop indication indicating that any transmission of data to WDs 125 currently served by BS1 should be paused, i.e. temporarily stopped. Such indication could further indicate that any transmission to BS1 from nodes in CN 110 should also be paused.
At 210, BS1 transfers to BS2 information relating to a respective state of the set of WDs 125 currently being served by BS1, so as to provide BS2 with information necessary for taking over the responsibility for such WDs 125 from BS1. Such WD state information associated with a WD may include at least one of the following: information on a transmission (Tx) state of a transmission protocol; information on a reception (Rx) state of a transmission protocol; user plane data, e.g. in the form of Packet Data Unit(s) (PDU), to be transmitted to a WD 125 or be transmitted to the CN 110 from a WD 125; algorithms for flow control; information on a buffer of a transmission protocol, such as buffer status or a time measure of how long the PDU(s) have been waiting in the buffer; information on retransmission timers currently running, etc. Examples of transmission protocols, to which the transferred WD state information can relate, include Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) as defined in 3GPP TS38.323 v. 16.3.0; Radio Link Control (RLC) as defined in 3GPP TS38.322 v. 16.2.0; and Medium Access Control (MAC) as defined in 3GPP TS38.321 v. 16.4.0. When the transfer of WD state information at 210 is completed, BS1 has completed its part of the swap, although in some embodiments, it awaits a confirmation from BS2.
In some embodiments, the transferring of WD state information at 210 is part of a spooling procedure, wherein the spooling procedure further comprises the BS1 performing one or more of collecting, re-arranging and compressing the WD state information.
At 220, BS2 receives, from BS1, information on the BS state transmitted by a BS1 at step 200. At 225, BS2 is configured in accordance with the information received at step 350, so as to create a BS state corresponding to the BS state currently configured in BS1.
At step 230, the information on WD states transmitted by BS1 at step 210 is received by BS2. This step could, if desired, be performed prior to step 225.
At 235, BS2 commences UL and DL transmission to/from WDs 125, on which information has been received at step 230. Hence, at 235, transmission of data is also commenced between BS2 and node(s) in CN 110, which cater for BS functionality and/or user plane functionality. In a 5G system 100, such CN node(s) could for example be a User Plane Function (UPF) and/or an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). In an embodiment wherein the identity (e.g. Cell Global Identity (CGI)) used by BS2 is the same identity as was used by BS1 for the corresponding communication, the transition to BS2 will be seamless to such nodes. In embodiments wherein the transmission of data from the CN 110 has been paused, a start indication, indicating that transmission to WDs 125 (which were previously served by BS1) can be resumed, is sent to the CN 110. Such start indication is, in one implementation, sent by BS2. In another implementation, the start indication is sent by MS 135. In embodiments where different identities are used for BS1 and BS2, such start indication could advantageously include both identities. Step 235 may include that BS2 signals to BS1, either directly or via MS 135, that BS2 has taken over responsibility for the WDs 125.
Step 235 may for example be entered upon completion of steps 225 and 230. However, the transfer of service for WD connections, from BS1 to BS2, may alternatively be gradually performed, so that some WDs 125 would still be served by BS1, while for other WDs 125, connections have already been transferred to BS2.
In
The receipt of a swap-out request message of step 300 is one way for BS1 to obtain an indication of an upcoming replacement event. In other embodiments, an indication of an upcoming replacement of BS1 to BS2 can be obtained in other ways, for example from an internal process in BS1.
At 305, BS1 obtains an indication of a point in time, at which the replacement event is to take place, by a negotiation procedure with BS2. In the following, the point in time for the replacement event, Ts, also referred to as the swap-time, refers to the point in time at which BS2 goes live and thereby takes responsibility for the WD(s) 125 previously served by BS1. In one embodiment, Ts is determined by BS1, and communicated as a value of a parameter in a message to BS2. In another embodiment, the value of Ts is received by BS1 from BS2. An indication of the swap-time, Ts, may further be obtained in other ways. In one embodiment, the indication of Ts is transmitted as a value of a parameter in the swap-out request message received at 300.
In some embodiments, for example where the indication of an upcoming swap is obtained from internal processes in BS1, the receipt of a swap-out request at 300 is preceded by BS1 requesting a BS swap by sending, to the MS 135, a substitute request message as illustrated at 325 in
In an embodiment where BS1 is an airborne BS, the expected remaining battery time may be estimated in dependence of one or more of the following: remaining battery level, motor power consumption, the number of WD 125 served by BS1, the data volume served by BS1, etc.
In one embodiment, the service provided to a selection of the served WDs 125 is reduced or discontinued at step 330, prior to transferring of the BS state to BS2 at step 200. In case of discontinued transmission, the WDs 125 would typically still be served by BS1, for example, by means of a Radio Link Control (RLC) signaling connection. In one implementation, the WDs 125 for which the service is reduced/discontinued are selected by MS 135 and signaled to the BS1, for example in a swap-out request message, or in a separate message. In another implementation, BS1 selects WDs 125 for which the service is reduced or discontinued. The selection of a WD 125 as a candidate for which services are to be stopped, or reduced, can for example be performed based on a user data specific priority indication and/or on a WD specific priority indication, cf. the prioritization described below in relation to step 210. Reducing a service provided to a WD 125 comprises reducing the transmission rate, i.e. decelerating the transmission to the WD 125.
In this embodiment, the selection of WDs 125 for which services are to be discontinued or reduced can be performed by BS1, for example after having sent a substitute request message to the MS 135 as shown in
By reducing the data rate for one or more WDs 125, and/or remove one or more WDs 125 from the set of WDs 125 currently being served by BS1, the time required for the transfer (or spooling) of WD states from BS1 to BS2 at step 200 can be reduced, thus reducing the risk that the swap will result in radio link failure for the remaining WDs 125 being served by the first WDs 125.
The number of WDs 125 served by BS1 is oftentimes large. In order to reduce the risk of losing important WD connections, the order, in which the WD state transfer of different WDs 125 is performed at step 210, is in some embodiments such that the WD state of a higher prioritized WD 125 is transferred at an earlier time than the WD state of a lower prioritized WD 125. This can for example be relevant when BS1 is an airborne BS with low battery power, and there is a risk that the BS1 will run out of power before the WD state of all served WDs 125 have been transferred. As an example, a WD 125, which is involved in high priority communications, such as National Security Public Safety (NSPS)/Emergency communications, may be given high priority in respect to WDs 125 involved in less prioritized communications.
The determination of an order in which the WD state transfer is performed for different WDs 125 may for example be based on a WD specific priority indication associated with a WD125 and/or its subscription, such as an Allocation Retention Priority (ARP) value of the WDs 125 (as specified in 3GPP TS23.501 v. 16.8.0) or information relating to the activity of a WD 125; and/or on a user data specific priority indication associated with the user plane data currently being transmitted to/from the WDs 125, such as a Quality of Service (QOS) of the bearers on which BS1 sends/receives data to the respective WDs 125. Information relating to the activity of the WDs 125, WD activity information, could for example include information on the amount of power required from BS1 for the transmission to/from the respective WDs 125, for example in comparison to a power threshold, or based on a power-consumption ranking of the currently served WDs 125; on the speed and/or position of the WD 125 in relation to BS1 (such WD 125 would be expected to soon become a hand-over candidate); and/or on the connection activity of the respective WDs 125, etc. As an example: a high-power-consuming WD 125 could in one implementation be given a higher priority in the WD context transmission, so that such WD 125 can as soon as possible be transferred to BS2, thus reducing the power consumption in BS1. In another implementation, a high-power-consuming WD 125 could be given a lower priority, and the transmission to such WD 125 could be decelerated or discontinued before the transfer of the BS state information (cf. step 330 discussed below).
In embodiments where the prioritization of WD state transfer is based on a user data specific priority indication as well as on a WD specific priority indication, highly prioritized user plane data (e.g. data on a high priority QoS bearer) relating to a WD 125 having a low priority could, in some implementations, be transferred to BS2 before the transfer of low priority user plane data (e.g. on a low priority QoS bearer) relating to a WD 125 having high priority. When WD activity and/or user plane data is taken into account in the prioritization of the WD state transfer, the prioritization may be dynamic, in view of any activity change, or of any user plane data received by BS1 for further transmission to WDs 125 during the BS state transfer at 210.
The swap-time Ts, and/or a remaining airtime in case of an airborne BS1, may also be taken into account in the scheduling of WD state transfers of BS1, in order to avoid that the most important information is lost due to radio link failure. For example, a WD 125 that has data to receive or to send may be given higher (or lower) scheduling priority prior the Ts, depending on the priority of the data and/or the WD 125.
If desired, the information of the WD state of one or more particular WDs 125 could be transferred from BS1 to BS2 when the transmission to/from such particular WD(s) 125 has been stopped at step 205, even if the transmission to/from other WDs 125, currently served to BS1, has not yet been stopped. Hence, in such embodiment, steps 205 and 210 can be performed by BS1 in parallel. By performing steps 205 and 210 in parallel, the time duration during which the WDs 125 will be unable to send or receive information will be reduced.
At step 340 of
In a scenario where BS1 and BS2 are airborne BSs, the method would typically include step 343, wherein BS2 flies to a geographical location in the vicinity of BS1. In another scenario, BS2 can be brought manually to the location of BS1.
At 345, BS2 obtains an indication of the swap-time Ts by means of a negotiation procedure with BS1. In one embodiment, Ts is determined by BS2, and communicated as a value of a parameter in a message to BS1. In another embodiment, the value of Ts is received by BS2 from BS1. An indication of the swap-time, Ts, may further be obtained in other ways. In one embodiment, the indication of Ts is transmitted as a value of a parameter in the swap-in request message received at 340.
The value of the swap time Ts obtained by BS1 and BS2 is the same. Typically, for both BS1 and BS2, the indication of Ts is provided as a value of the actual time for the swap, e.g. 7:00:00, e.g. in accordance with the standard IEEE 1588-2019—IEEE Standard for Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems”. Alternatively, the swap-time Ts could be defined in relation to an event, such as the receipt of a swap-in request message, or, for BS2, the receipt of a swap-out request message.
In some embodiments, the completion of corresponding steps 210/230 of WD state information transfer would have taken place on or before the point in time for the swap Ts. However, in one embodiment, BS1 and BS2 can re-negotiate the value of Ts, for example in a scenario where the transfer of information cannot be completed before the time Ts. This scenario is further described in relation to
The transferring of information from BS1 to the BS2 could for example be performed over a logically direct communication interface, e.g. over an X2 or an Xn interface as specified by 3GPP TS 36.420 16.0.0 and 3GPP TS38.420 16.0.0, respectively, or a logically direct communication interface of another communication standard, such as a future 6G standard.
In the embodiment of
In response to receipt of the substitute request message 400, MS 135 sends a swap-out request message 405 to BS1, and a swap-in request message 410 to BS2. In another embodiment, the BS1 could send a status information message to MS 135 (not shown), instead of the substitute request message 400. Such status information message would comprise an indication of the BS status, for example an indication of battery level, thus providing MS 135 with information on which a decision on whether or not to replace BS1 with a second BS2 can be based. In yet another embodiment, the MS 135 can initiate the BS swap without having first received any message from BS1. In this embodiment, the determining at 403 and the substitute request message 400 could be omitted.
In
In response to the receipt of swap-in request 410, BS2 of
Upon receipt of the swap-out message 405, BS1 of
At rendez-vous of the BS1 and BS2, a verification procedure 420 is advantageously performed between BS1 and BS2, such verification procedure 420 comprising verification of identity and/or verification of presence. Verification procedure 420 comprises sending a verification message from one of BS1 and BS2, and, typically, also the sending of a verification response message from the one of BS1 and BS2 that was the recipient of the verification message. Prior to having received the swap-in request message 410, BS2, which is to replace BS1, has typically been authenticated by a procedure in an Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) system of the CN 110. For this purpose, existing OAM procedures, such as those described in 3GPP TS 33.501 (v 17.1.0) section 5.3.4 or 3GPP TS 33.310 (v 16.7.0), section 9 or section F1, could for example be used. The verification procedure 420 can thus make use of any authentication keys verified by the OAM system. At least one authentication key of BS2 could for example be included in the swap-out request 405 sent by MS 135 to BS1, and at least one authentication key of BS2 could be included in the swap-in request message 410. Alternatively, such public authentication keys could be included in any other message, such as a separate message having the sole purpose of signaling a authentication key.
Verification procedure 420 could, as mentioned above, include verification of presence, so as to determine whether BS2 is in the vicinity of BS1. In one embodiment, such verification of presence comprises the signaling of GNSS/GPS measurement results from the BS1 and BS2 to the MS 135, which sends presence verification results to the respective base stations BS1 and BS2. In another embodiment, verification of presence is achieved by means of beacon technology signaled directly between BS1 and BS2, for example Bluetooth presence detection. Other ways of verifying presence can alternatively be used, such as NR sidelink detection. This could for example be suitable if the BS1 and/or BS2 is an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) BS. In presence verification procedures where the MS 135 is not involved, the BS1 and/or BS2 informs the MS 135 about the presence of the other BS. The signaling of positions between MS 135 and BS1 or BS2, respectively, can be performed in a known manner, for example in accordance with section 9.2.10 of 3GPP TS 38.455 (v. 16.3.0), and is not shown in
The verification procedure 420 is shown in
When the verification procedure 420 has been successfully performed, a communications channel between BS1 and BS2, via CN 110, can be established, for example by the standardized set-up procedure for an X2 (4G) or XN (5G) interface.
The OAM system mentioned above in relation to the verification procedure 420 could in one embodiment be, or include, the MS 135.
In the embodiment illustrated in
Information on the BS state of BS1, as described in relation to step 200 of
In
Information on WD states of the WDs 125 currently being served by BS1 is then transferred from BS1 to BS2 in one or more WD state information messages 440 (cf. steps 210 and 225 of
By transferring WD state information in relation to the WDs 125 served by BS1 from BS1 to BS2, the responsibility for the WDs 125 has been handed over to BS2. BS2 then becomes the serving BS for the WDs 125. In step 235, BS2 commences data transfer to/from the WDs 125, as well as data transfers to/from CN 110. Any possible glitch in data transfers between BS1 and BS2 may for example be handled by known application retransmission functionality.
In the embodiment illustrated in
When BS1 has transmitted the last WD state information message 440 to BS2, BS1 has completed the swap, and can power off the cellular communication functionality. In case BS1 is an airborne BS, BS1 can then return to ground as shown in
From the perspective of the MS 135, the BS1 and BS2 are two separate entities, while for many other nodes and services in CN 110, the BS1 and BS2 are indistinguishable, so that a swap can take place with most of the components of the wireless communication system 100 remaining uninformed of the swap. Such shared identity of the BS1 and BS2 in view of CN 110 can, in one embodiment, be achieved by using the same IP address in the transport network for the two base stations BS1 and BS2. In this embodiment, separate identities of BS1 and BS2 in view of the MS 135 can be achieved by the use of separate identification serial numbers for the two BSs 105. In other embodiments, other means can be used for achieving a scenario of semi-shared identity, where BS1 and BS2 have different identities in view of MS 135, while having the same identity in view of most (or all) other entities in CN 110.
In
In the signaling diagram of
The swap-time negotiation procedure 425 of
In one embodiment, the BS Swap procedure, of which a swap-time related message exchange is illustrated in
In other embodiments, step 600 is performed in parallel with step 605, or after step 605.
In some embodiments, a RLC signaling connection or similar between BS1 and WDs 125 is maintained until BS1 has received an indication that BS2 has taken over responsibility for the WDs 125.
As illustrated in
The initiation of steps 200, 600 and 605/210 could alternatively be triggered by the receipt of a trigger message at BS1, as illustrated in
Timers and/or triggering messages is in one embodiment also implemented in relation to one or more events performed by BS2. For example, step 235, wherein BS2 commences transmission of data to/from WDs 125, could be triggered by the expiry of a timer or the receipt of a trigger message at time Ts.
In one embodiment, BS1 and BS2 negotiate the time for T1, T2 and/or T3, in addition to the swap-time Ts.
At 805, the MS 135 sends a swap indication to BS1 in a swap-out request message 405 to BS1. At this step, MS 135 typically also sends a swap indication to BS2 in a swap-in request message 410 to BS2. As mentioned above, the swap-in request message 405 and the swap-out request message 410 could for example comprise information on a swap-time Ts, BS authentication keys and other information relevant for the swap procedure.
At the optional step 810, the MS 135 supports BS1 and BS2 in verifying that BS2 is in the vicinity of BS1, for example by receiving position information from BS1 and convey the position information to BS2, and vice versa. However, in another embodiment, this presence verification can be performed by BS1 and BS2 in a stand-alone procedure, as discussed above.
In the optional step 815, the MS 135 sends one or more trigger messages to BS1 (and/or BS2, where applicable), cf. steps 705a, b, c. In some embodiments, MS 135 will, at 817, send an indication to relevant node(s) in the CN 110 to (temporarily) stop any UL transmission to WDs 125 currently served by BS1. In such embodiments, at the completion of the swap procedure by BS1 and BS2 at step 820, MS 135 advantageously sends, at 820, an indication to such node(s) of CN 110 to resume the UL transmission to WDs 125.
In the above, messages 400, 405, 410, 430, 435, 440, 445, 500, 505, 510 and the trigger messages have been described as stand-alone signaling messages. However, in another embodiment, one or all of these messages could be combined. The messages could be part of one or more new BS swap procedures (cf.
When wireless communication system 100 is a 4G system operating in accordance with the 3GPP 4G standard, the transferring of information between BS1 and BS2 is, in one embodiment, performed via the X2 interface. In one implementation in a 4G system, a BS swap procedure could for example be a new X2 Application Protocol (X2AP) procedure. In another implementation, an existing X2AP procedure is used: a BS state information message 430, a WD state information message 440, and/or a Ts request 500 could for example be transmitted using the existing Handover Request message (with the corresponding Handover ACK message). Similarly, a swap-out request message 400 and/or a swap-in request message 410 could for example be transmitted using the existing X2 Setup message.
When wireless communication system 100 is a 5G system operating in accordance with the 3GPP 5G standard, the transferring of information between BS1 and BS2 could for example be performed via the X2 interface as described above, or via the Xn interface. In some implementations in a 5G system, a BS swap procedure could for example be a new Xn Application Protocol (XnAP) procedure. In other implementations, an existing XnAP protocol is used. A BS state information message 430, a WD state information message 440, and/or a Ts request 500 could for example be transmitted using the state transfer message of X2 or Xn, and a swap-out request message 400 and/or a swap-in request message 410 could for example be transmitted using an existing message in the CN-RAN interface, e.g. an existing message in the NG-AP or S1-AP protocols.
Operating systems for OAM nodes typically vary between operators. The MS 135 could for example be included in an OAM node that is configured for HTTP communication. In such implementations of the MS 135, the swap-out request message 400, the swap-in request message 410 and other messaged between the MS 135 to a BS 105 could for example be a HTTP messages, such as Get and/or Post method messages.
Other communication interfaces than those described above between BS1 and BS2, as well as between a BS 105 and a MS 135, could alternatively be used.
The BS 105 of
In some embodiments, the BS 105 is configured to support more than one radio access technology (RAT), such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and/or Bluetooth wireless technologies. In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate data storage systems 910 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 920 may be shared by different RATs). The BS 105 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into BS 105. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within BS 105.
Data storage system 910 may include one or more non-volatile storage medium and/or one or more volatile storage medium. In embodiments where processing circuitry 900 includes a programmable processor, a computer program product 950 may be provided. Computer program product 950 includes a computer readable storage medium 955 storing a computer program 960 comprising computer readable instructions. In some embodiments, the computer readable instructions of computer program 960 are configured such that when executed by processing circuitry 900, the computer readable instructions cause the BS 105 to perform steps described herein (e.g., steps described herein with reference to
The data storage system 910 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions/computer program code capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 900 and utilized by the BS 105. The data storage system 910 may further be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 900 and/or any data received via the communication interface 915, such as data indicative of a swap-time Ts, data buffered for transmission in step 200 and/or step 210 and/or data received in step 220 and/or step 225. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 900 and data storage system 910 are integrated.
The communication interface 915 is used in wired and/or wireless communication for signaling and/or transfer of user data between the BS 105 and entities of a CN 110, and/or WDs 125, and/or for communication with another BS 105. Communication interface 915 may include an interface adapted for direct communication with another BS 105, e.g. a Bluetooth interface). The communication interface 915 of
In some alternative embodiments, BS 105 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 945, instead, the processing circuitry 900 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 920. In some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 930 and/or base band circuitry 935 is part of the communication interface 915.
The antenna 920 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals.
The power source 925 provides power to the various components of BS 105 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The BS 105 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 925. As a further example, the power source 925 may alternatively or additionally comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack.
Embodiments of the BS 105 may include additional components beyond those shown in
MS 135 of
Data storage system 1010 may include one or more non-volatile storage medium and/or one or more volatile storage medium. In embodiments where processing circuitry 1000 includes a programmable processor, a computer program product 1050 may be provided. Computer program product 1050 includes a computer readable storage medium 1055 storing a computer program 1060 comprising computer readable instructions. In some embodiments, the computer readable instructions of computer program 1060 are configured such that when executed by processing circuitry 1000, the computer readable instructions cause the network node 135 to perform steps described herein (e.g., steps described herein with reference to
The data storage system 1010 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions/computer program code capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1000 and utilized by the MS 135. The data storage system 1010 may further be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1000 and/or any data received via the communication interface 1015, such as data indicative of a swap-time Ts, data indicative of the power level of a battery of a BS 105, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1000 and data storage system 1010 are integrated.
Computer readable medium 955 of BS 105, as well as computer readable medium 1055 of network node 135, may be a non-transitory computer readable medium, such as, magnetic media (e.g., a hard disk), optical media, memory devices (e.g., random access memory, flash memory), and the like.
The processing circuitry 900 of BS 105, as well as processing circuitry 1000 of network node 135, may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components of BS 105 or network node 135, respectively, such as the data storage system 910/1010, in order to provide relevant functionality.
In some embodiments or BS 105 and/or network node 135, the processing circuitry includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments of BS 105, the processing circuitry 900 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 930 and baseband processing circuitry 935. In some embodiments of BS 105, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 930 and the baseband processing circuitry 935 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 930 and baseband processing circuitry 935 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units. This can also apply to network node 135 when such node comprises an antenna.
While various embodiments are described herein, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of this disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/SE2021/050544 | 6/7/2021 | WO |