Patent Application
20230037963
The object of the present invention is a multichamber structural element, used in particular as vertical post-type load-bearing structures, and a multichamber structural element manufacturing method. The objects of the invention are applied in the construction, mining or energy industries for manufacturing vertical load-bearing structures.
One of the most important structural elements used in numerous technical fields are pillars being vertical, freestanding structural supports. As posts and columns, they are used in supporting and bearing the weight of the structure of a building, bridge, viaduct etc. Load-bearing structural elements are also used in mining, as roof supports in excavations, or in street furniture, for example in the construction of pergolas.
Polish patent PL224768B1 discloses a mining load-bearing post comprising: longitudinal layers, each comprising a pair of outer beams, substantially parallel to each other, which define two longitudinal post walls, and transverse layers, each comprising a pair of outer beams, substantially parallel to each other, which define two transverse post walls, wherein the transverse layers are arranged interchangeably with the longitudinal layers so that the outer beams of the transverse layers intersect with the adjacent outer beams of the longitudinal layers in four intersection points and are connected thereto via notches made in the upper and lower surfaces of the longitudinal beams and of the transverse beams. Structures of this type are used in underground mining as protective elements, roof supporting elements or strutting elements between the floor and the roof in mining excavations. The load-bearing capability of the post is increased by filling its inner space with a self-curing composition, for example with cement-mineral composition, forming a composite structure.
Patent PL171919B1 discloses a roof support of a mining excavation, in particular for coal mining, comprising a stack consisting of wooden beams arranged in layers, wherein the beams of one layer of the stack are arranged perpendicular to the beams of its adjacent layer, and with a bag filled with cement mortar arranged on one side of the stack. The presented system comprises a core mounted on one side of the stack and consisting of wooden elements, the greater part of which is arranged with the fibers in the vertical direction, the core having the rigidity in the vertical direction greater than the rigidity of the stack in the vertical direction, while the bag comprises cement mortar in an amount which exerts a desired stress between the stack with the core and the roof of the excavation.
Polish utility model PL67807Y1 discloses a structural element, particularly a sheet metal section for use in sheet metal structures. The structural element has inner walls with longitudinal edges, which are bent inwards, preferably in the center of the base. The inner walls are folded and deviate from each other with their edge walls, preferably at perpendicular to the side walls. Preferably, the edges are in the vicinity of the side wall surfaces. In the transition curve from the base plane, the inner walls are additionally joined with point welds.
The technical problem of the present invention is to provide such a multichamber structural element manufacturing method which will allow the manufacturing of a multichamber structural element having desired properties, in particular with respect to the strength and to the load-bearing capacity to weight ratio, for use as a support post, while maintaining a desired dimensional accuracy. It is desirable that the multichamber structural element manufacturing method has a limited number of technological steps and is realized without the use of specialist and complicated apparatus, so as to directly provide economic benefits of a simplified, less time-consuming and thus cheaper manufacturing process of a multichamber structural element. It is also desirable that the multichamber structural element manufacturing method is characterized by low material-consumption and allows the manufacturing of a multichamber structural element having a wide range of geometrical parameters, in particular different heights, spatial forms and both symmetrical and asymmetrical characteristics. It is also important to provide a multichamber structural element manufacturing method which would allow the shape of the multichamber structural element to be easily modified within a wide range of geometrical parameters and without the need to rearrange the apparatus used in the manufacturing process. Importantly, it is also desirable to provide a multichamber structural element which will be easy to transport and install at the destination point. Another technical problem of the present invention is also to offer a multichamber structural element having the above-listed characteristics and desired technical parameters.
The first object of the invention is a multichamber structural element manufacturing method characterized in that for forming a multichamber structural element with chamber profiles extending radially from the center defined by the connection of the chamber profiles it comprises the following steps:
wherein steps c) and d) may be performed in reverse sequence.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chamber profile preform is made of a single sheet of metal material bent along one edge for forming two walls arranged with respect to each other in substantially parallel planes.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, step c) is performed after the chamber profile preform is introduced between pressure plates in such a manner that the pressure plates are in contact with the walls of the chamber profile preforms.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, during step c) a force is applied to the pressure plates in the direction of the chamber profile preform.
Preferably, step c) is performed by connecting the valve element to a source of fluid under pressure.
It is equally preferred for step c) to be performed simultaneously for all of the chamber profile preforms corresponding to the chamber profiles in the multichamber structural element.
More preferably, in step d) the chamber profiles are connected while preserving their symmetrical arrangement with respect to the connection axis.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, step b) and/or step d) is realized by fusion welding, pressure welding, gluing or crimping.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluid is air, water, oil, fluid concrete or fluid plastic.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, step c) is performed in a room temperature or in an elevated temperature.
Preferably, the pressure of the fluid introduced into the chamber profile preform is 5 bars.
Equally preferably, in step c) a fluid under pressure is introduced into the inner space of the chamber profile preform for 1 minute, and subsequently a constant pressure is maintained in the chamber profile preform for 30 seconds.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, steps b) and d) are realized simultaneously.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the simultaneous sealing and connecting of the at least three chamber profile preforms in the area of the corresponding inner edges of the chamber profile preform, proximal with respect to the connection axis, along at least part of the inner edges, is realized by laser welding.
The second object of the invention is a multichamber structural element characterized in that it comprises at least three chamber profiles deformed by fluid under pressure introduced into their hermetic, empty spaces, wherein the chamber profiles are connected with each other with corresponding seals along at least a part of the seal, for forming a multichamber structural element with chamber profiles extending radially from the center defined by the connection axis.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the chamber profiles are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to the connection axis.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the chamber profile has an inner edge directed towards the connection axis of the multichamber structural element and extending in a straight line or at least partially in a curved line.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the chamber profile has an outer edge, opposite with respect to the connection axis of the multichamber structural element and extending in a straight line parallel to the connection axis, in a deviation from the connection axis, in a concave curved line with respect to the connection axis or in a convex curved line with respect to the connection axis.
Advantageously, the chamber profiles extend at a different radial length with respect to the connection axis.
Also advantageously, the fluid is air, water, oil, fluid concrete or fluid plastic.
The multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the invention allows the manufacturing of the structural element having desired properties, in particular with respect to the strength and the stiffness coefficient of the structural element and to the load-bearing capacity to weight ratio. In particular, owing to the extensive use of a relatively thin metal sheet in the manufacturing of the multichamber structural element, the multichamber structural element manufactured with the method according to the invention allows a significantly increased load-bearing capacity to weight ratio in comparison to classic solutions known in the art. Furthermore, the multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the invention is realized with the use of uncomplicated machinery park, which translates into economic benefits and a significantly simplified manufacturing process of the multichamber structural element. A small number of seals improves the speed and lowers the labor-intensity of the multichamber structural element manufacturing process. In addition, the manufacturing of the chamber profile, which is the basic element of the multichamber structural element, based on introducing fluid under pressure into the hermetically closed, inner space of the chamber profile preform allows the parameters of the manufactured chamber profile, and thus of the final multichamber structural element, to be modified within a wide range, in particular with respect to its final geometry. Importantly, owing to the use of relatively thin chamber profile preforms manufactured of a sheet of metal material, and owing to the use of uncomplicated machinery park, the multichamber structural element allows the components to be easily introduced into hard-to-reach locations, e.g. into mining excavations, in which it can be manufactured and erected in simple operations, forming a load-bearing element for roof structures.
The solution according to the present invention has been shown in the embodiments below and illustrated in the drawing, in which:
The multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to one embodiment of the invention is partially schematically shown in
In this embodiment, the chamber profile preform 2 is formed of two walls 3, each of the walls 3 being made of a separate metal sheet. In alternative embodiments, it is possible to provide a single sheet of metal material, which is bent, using the cold-bending operations known in the art, along one edge for forming two walls 3 arranged with respect to each other in substantially parallel planes. This embodiment is advantageous in that one edge of the manufactured chamber profile preform 2 is sealed (in the location where the metal sheet is bent) already at the step of providing the metal sheet, thus reducing the number of successive sealing operations.
In the next step of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method, the chamber profile preform 2 is sealed for creating a sealed hermetic inner space. The sealing is performed on the edges of the metal sheet forming the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2 after they have been matched with each other. In this embodiment, the sealing is thus performed on all the circumferential edges of the matched walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2, wherein
In the next step, an external source of fluid under pressure is connected to the valve element 6 through the supply duct 7. In this embodiment, the fluid is air, the source of fluid under pressure is a compressor, and the supply duct 7 together with the valve element 6 form a pneumatic connection. The type of the external source of fluid under pressure and of the connection equipment is not a limitation to the scope of this invention and in alternative embodiments it is possible to use fluid in the form of water, fluid cement, machine oil, fluid plastic such as a one-, two- or three-component foam (e.g. a flex 140 type), etc. together with the connection equipment and the source of fluid under pressure appropriate for those fluids. The less compressible the fluid is, the more controlled the deformation conditions of the chamber profile preform 2 are.
In the next step of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the invention, fluid under a defined pressure is delivered to the sealed inner space of the chamber profile preform 2. The technology of introducing fluid under pressure into closed sealed chamber elements made of sheet metal for their deformation and providing them with the final form is known inter alia from patent application No. EP2110189A1. As a result of delivering fluid under pressure into the inner space of the chamber profile preform 2, the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2 are deformed, with the greatest deformation level being located in the center of the chamber profile 1, as best illustrated in
Note should be taken that although the introduction of fluid under pressure into the inner space of the chamber profile preform 2 is performed in cold technology (i.e. in room temperature), it is not a limitation to the scope of this invention, and in alternative embodiments the process may be performed in elevated or high temperatures.
In one embodiment of the invention, the step of introducing fluid under pressure was performed with the following process parameters:
In an alternative implementation of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method, the step of introducing fluid under pressure into the inner space of the chamber profile preform 2 may be preceded by placing the chamber profile preform 2 between the pressure plates 8 so that the pressure plates 8 are in contact with the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2, as illustrated in
In the subsequent step, the three chamber profiles 1 are connected with each other by connecting the corresponding inner edges of the chamber profile 1, proximal with respect to the connection axis 4, along at least part of the inner edges. In this embodiment, it is realized by connecting the corresponding seals 5. The connection area of the chamber profiles 1 includes three edges (seals 5) of the chamber profiles 1 which, together with the connecting weld, form the connection axis 4. In this embodiment, the chamber profiles 1 are connected with each other by welding, but it is not a limitation to the scope of the invention and it is possible in alternative embodiments to use other connecting techniques, such as: pressure welding, soldering, gluing, bending or pressing.
The connection of the chamber profiles 1 is realized in an axially symmetrical arrangement of the chamber profiles 1 with respect to the connection axis 4, i.e. in the cross-sectional view, as shown in
The multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in
In the second embodiment of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method, in the first step two metal sheets are provided which are two walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2. The walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2, which are matched with each other, are subsequently sealed on the free edges for forming a sealed hermetic inner space. Following this method, three chamber profile preforms 2 are manufactured.
Unlike in the structural element manufacturing method shown in embodiment 1, the structural element manufacturing method according to the second embodiment comprises the connecting with each other of the thus formed chamber profile preforms 2 by connecting the corresponding seals 5, along the at least part of the seal 5 (as shown in
In the subsequent step of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the invention, fluid under a defined pressure is delivered to the sealed inner space of the chamber profile preform 2, wherein this delivery is realized by connecting an external source of fluid under pressure to the valve element 6 through a supply duct 7 (see
As a result, there is obtained a multichamber structural element, with a cross-section shown in
The multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the next embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in
In the third embodiment of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method, in the first step there are provided three metal sheets which are V-shaped profiles and which each form one wall 3 of the adjacent chamber profile preforms 2. The V-shaped profiles are matched with each other in such a manner that the arms of the V-shaped profiles extend in planes parallel to the arms of the adjacent V-shaped profiles and form three chamber profile preforms 2, respectively. Subsequently, the sealing step is performed on the free edges (outer edges) of the so-formed chamber profile preforms 2 for forming a sealed hermetic inner space. In the next step (or simultaneously), seals 5 are made within the central area of the connected chamber profile preforms 2. The step of sealing the inner edges of the chamber profile preforms 2 is realized using a sealing technique through the gap maintained between the corresponding walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2, forming the seal 5 hermetically closing the inner space of the chamber profile preform 2. In this case, the sealing technique preferably comprises laser welding, which allows the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2 to be connected with each other by forming a welding seam (weld) through the gap and sealing the space formed between the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2. Following this method, three chamber profile preforms 2 are manufactured simultaneously, as shown in
In the subsequent step of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the third embodiment of the invention, fluid under a defined pressure is delivered to the sealed inner space of the chamber profile preform 2, wherein this delivery is realized by connecting an external source of fluid under pressure to the valve element 6 through a supply duct 7 (see
As a result, there is obtained a multichamber structural element, with a cross-section shown in
The multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the next embodiment of the invention is schematically shown in
In the fourth embodiment of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method, in the first step there are six metal sheets provided and matched correspondingly for forming the chamber profile preforms 2. Each of the chamber profile preforms 2 is sealed on its outer edges, analogically to the previous embodiments. Unlike in the previous embodiments, the inner edges of the chamber profile preforms 2 remain unsealed and in the subsequent step they are positioned with respect to each other by matching the corresponding chamber profile preforms 2 with the inner edges towards each other. The matched inner edges of the chamber profile preforms 2 are subsequently sealed and connected with each other in one operation for forming the connection axis 4 and the sealed, hermetic closure of the inner spaces of all chamber profile preforms 2, as shown in
In the subsequent step of the multichamber structural element manufacturing method according to the fourth embodiment of the invention, fluid under a defined pressure is delivered to the sealed inner space of the chamber profile preform 2, wherein this delivery is realized by connecting an external source of fluid under pressure to the valve element 6 through a supply duct 7 (see
The introduction of fluid under pressure into the inner space of the chamber profile preform 2 is realized simultaneously for all chamber profile preforms 2, as shown in
As a result, there is obtained a multichamber structural element, with a cross-section shown in
Further non-limiting embodiments of the multichamber structural element are shown in the cross-section in
Unlike in the multichamber structural element described in embodiments 1-4, which was a structural element formed from three chamber profiles 1, as shown in
Various embodiments of multichamber structural elements according to the present invention comprise multichamber structural elements formed from chamber profiles 1 of different geometries. The geometry of the chamber profiles 1 is strictly related to the geometry of the chamber profile preform 2, which is subjected to deformation due to the introduction of fluid under pressure into the hermetic, sealed inner space of the chamber profile preform 2. The large surfaces of the walls 3 of the chamber profile preform 2 are subjected to the most extensive deformation, with a limited or no deformation level in the area of the seals 5. This means that the geometry of the chamber profiles 1 within the seals 5 is substantially identical to the geometry of the chamber profile preforms 2 which allows the free shaping of the final shape of the chamber profile 1, and thus also of the multichamber structural element.
In
In
In
In
In
In
In other embodiments, the multichamber structural element may be formed of chamber profiles 1 having different geometries, forming an axially asymmetrical multichamber structural element. Non-limiting embodiment of the axially asymmetrical multichamber structural element are shown in a side view in
Importantly, the number of the chamber profiles 1 being part of the multichamber structural element, as well as the geometry of the chamber profile 1 being part of the multichamber structural element are not limited to the scope presented in these embodiments, which are only examples of the possible implementations of the invention. In alternative embodiments, the multichamber structural element may comprise more than three chamber profiles 1, and the chamber profiles 1 may have a shape different than the shapes presented, including a shape being a combination of the shapes here disclosed.
The multichamber structural element manufactured with the method according to the invention were subjected to comparative tests (based on numerical calculations) with a standard structural element commonly used in the art. The results of the comparative tests are presented in Table 1. The tested multichamber structural element manufactured with the method of the invention was designated in Table 1 as FIDU200. The compared structural element, designated as HEB120 is a standardized wide-flange I-profile with the flange width of 120 mm and the profile height of 120 mm, and with the web thickness of 6.5 mm. The material used in the simulations for the HEB120 profile was steel S235JR. The multichamber structural element of the present invention was formed of four chamber profiles 1 illustrated in
As can be observed in Table 1, the cross-sectional area of the FIDU200 element is smaller by approximately 0.8% than the cross-sectional area of the HEB120 profile. Furthermore, the FIDU200 element is lighter than the HEB120 by approximately 5.9%, with the minimum geometric moment of inertia of the FIDU200 cross-section is approximately 7.5-fold greater than the HEB120. As a result, the FIDU200 element is characterized by an approximately 7.5-fold greater buckling force and by approximately 0.8% smaller material yield force than the HEB120.
The comparison of these parameters demonstrates that the cross-section of the multichamber structural element according to this invention (FIDU200) is used better than in the standard profile, commonly applied in the art (HEB120). Furthermore, with lower mass and smaller cross-sectional area, the multichamber structural element according to this invention reaches 7.5-fold greater moment of inertia and 7.5-fold greater buckling strength.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| P.432278 | Dec 2019 | PL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2020/061954 | 12/15/2020 | WO |
