Patent Application
20190195410
The present invention relates to a piping system, in particular for transporting gas and/or liquid, at least comprising a main pipeline and a side branch pipeline, wherein the side branch pipeline meets the main pipeline at a junction.
A known problem with piping systems is that flow-induced vibrations of side branch pipelines may occur due to flow-excited acoustic resonance. This problem is particularly pertinent in the case where no through-flow occurs in the side branch pipeline, e.g. the side branch pipeline is a ‘dead leg’ as is the case for relief valve (RV) piping.
If not mitigated, piping vibrations may lead to side branch pipeline fatigue failures due to stress cycling. Side branch pipeline vibrations may increase as the flow rate increases, which may force production restrictions (such as production deferment) to ensure that vibration levels are within acceptable limits for safe operation.
Several approaches for suppressing flow-induced vibrations in side branch pipelines have been suggested. Examples of such approaches have been given in:
US20080018103 relates to controlling the air flow through lightweight aircraft ducting.
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JP2008256130 (abstract) discloses a fluid pipe.
EP1243850A1 relates to a water piping arrangement, in particular for avoiding adverse effects based on a thermal stratification which is formed by a cavity flow which is generated in a closed pipe branched from a main pipe.
There is a continuous desire to provide alternative approaches to suppress flow-induced vibrations. Further, a problem with some known approaches for suppressing flow-induced vibrations is that the implementation thereof is impractical or requires significant modifications to the piping layout.
It is an object of the present invention to meet the above desire and provide an alternative approach to suppress flow-induced vibrations.
It is a further object to provide an alternative approach to suppress flow-induced vibrations that does not require significant modifications to the piping layout.
It is an even further object of the present invention to provide an approach to suppress flow-induced vibrations that is suitable for large diameter piping applications (such as used in LNG).
One or more of the above or other objects can be achieved by providing a piping system at least comprising a main pipeline and a side branch pipeline, wherein the side branch pipeline meets the main pipeline at a junction,
wherein the side branch pipeline is provided with a perforated plate having a plurality of perforations,
wherein the perforated plate has a downstream half and an upstream half (relative to the flow direction in the main pipeline), wherein the downstream half has less open area than the upstream half, and
wherein the perforated plate is provided with a protrusion, at the side of the perforated plate facing away from the junction.
It has surprisingly been found according to the present invention that the use of a perforated plate having a plurality of perforations in the side branch pipeline allows for a significant reduction of flow-induced vibrations.
A further advantage of the present invention is that it is also suitable for large diameter piping applications. In fact, the present invention is in particular suitable for piping systems with side branch pipelines diameters having a nominal pipe size (NPS) of at least 10 inch, as the size of the perforations may then be designed and shaped such that these perforations are unlikely to plug, especially for ‘clean services’ (when the flow through the piping system is substantially free of solid impurities that may otherwise potentially plug the perforations of the perforated plate).
Another advantage of the present invention is that it does not require significant modifications to the layout of the piping system. Also, the perforated plate is easy to manufacture and install, and the size and shape of perforations can be designed to meet the desired relief pressure drop constraints (such as for RV piping in relief conditions) and to ensure that the likelihood of the perforations being plugged is low.
Without wanting to be bound to any specific theory, it is believed that the present invention weakens the excitation velocity into the side branch line and attenuates acoustic pressure waves propagating into and out of the side branch pipeline. It is believed that the resulting net effect is that vibrations in the side branch pipeline are mitigated by virtue of de-tuning the flow-excitation frequency and the acoustic resonant frequency of the side branch pipeline.
The person skilled in the art will readily understand that the piping system, as well as the main pipeline and the side branch line, are not limited in any way. It goes without saying that the piping system may comprise two or more side branch lines.
Although not limited thereto, the present invention is particularly suited for large diameter applications.
Further, it is preferred that the side branch pipeline is closed at the end not meeting at the junction, i.e. the side branch pipeline is so-called ‘dead leg’. Of course, the piping system may have two or more side branch pipelines (with the same or different pipe diameters), wherein some are open-ended whilst some are closed.
The person skilled in the art will readily understand that the perforated plate is not limited in any way. Typically it will be made from a pressure-resilient material such as metal, ceramic, or the like. The plurality of perforations may be selected from various shapes and sizes and may be arranged in a pattern (such as a triangular pitch) or somewhat random.
Preferably, the perforated plate is arranged substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the side branch pipeline. In this context, ‘substantially perpendicular’ means at an angle of between 80° and 100° relative to the longitudinal axis of the side branch pipeline, more preferably between 85° and 95°. Most preferably the perforated plate is arranged at an angle of 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the side branch pipeline, for purposes of ease of installation.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the percentage of open area in the perforated plate is between 25% and 75%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 35% and preferably at most 60%, more preferably at most 50%.
Preferably, the perforated plate is placed at a distance of 0 to 15 side branch pipeline diameters from the junction, preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 5.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention the perforated plate is provided with a protrusion, at the side of the perforated plate facing away from the junction. The person skilled in the art will readily understand that the shape and size of the protrusion is not particularly limited. Preferably the protrusion is ridge-like. Typically, the protrusion is in the downstream half of the plate. Further, in case the protrusion is in the form of a ridge, the protrusion is arranged at an angle of between 90° and 30° relative to the longitudinal axis of the installed perforated plate.
Also, it is preferred that the protrusion divides the perforated plate into a zone with perforations and a zone free of perforations.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a perforated plate as described in the piping system according to the present invention, wherein the perforated plate has a plurality of perforations and wherein the perforated plate is provided with a protrusion.
As mentioned above, it is preferred that the percentage of open area in the perforated plate is between 25% and 75%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 35% and preferably at most 60%, more preferably at most 50%.
A mentioned above, according to the present invention the perforated plate is provided with a protrusion. Preferably, the protrusion divides the perforated plate into a zone with perforations and a zone free of perforations.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use of the piping system or the perforated plate according to the present invention for the suppression of flow-induced vibrations, in particular in a piping system at least comprising a main pipeline and a side branch pipeline (which is preferably closed at the end facing away from the junction).
Hereinafter the present invention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting drawings. The same reference numbers refer to the same or similar components. Herein shows:
The flow direction in the main pipeline 2 (which also defines the above-mentioned relative upstream and downstream location of the side branch pipelines) has been indicated by means of an arrow.
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
The person skilled in the art will readily understand that many modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16182316.6 | Aug 2016 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2017/068896 | 7/26/2017 | WO | 00 |
