Patent Application
20250027372
This application is based on the provisional specifications filed in relation to Australian Patent Application Numbers 2021903925 and 2022901579, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to devices for use in transporting a tool string down a bore while maintaining a known orientation of the tool string within the bore.
Tool strings comprise one or more elongate sensor assemblies or tools for collecting data or performing operations down a well. Often it is desirable to orient a tool string in a known angular orientation within the wellbore. For example, where a tool string comprises perforating guns, it may be desirable to orient the gun device within the wellbore so that perforations are formed through a wellbore casing in desired radial directions.
Wellbores are drilled to a target depth covering a zone of interest, typically between 1000-5000 meters deep. The tool string is then lowered into the wellbore and descends under gravity to the target depth of the wellbore well. The tool string may be lowered on a wireline—being a collection of electrical communication wires which are sheathed in a steel cable connected to the functional components of the tool string.
The drilling of wells is an expensive undertaking. This is primarily due to the capital costs of the drilling equipment and the specialised nature of the tool string systems. It is important for these activities to be undertaken and completed as promptly as possible to minimise these costs. Delays in deploying a tool string are to be avoided wherever possible.
One cause of such delays is the difficulties in lowering a tool string to the target depth of the wellbore. The tool string is lowered by the wireline down the wellbore under the force of gravity alone. The wireline, being flexible, cannot push the tool down the wellbore. Hence the operator at the top of the well has very little control of the descent of the tool string or its angular orientation in the bore.
The chances of a tool string failing to descend is significantly increased with deviated wells. Deviated wells do not run vertically downwards and instead extend downward and laterally at an angle from vertical. Multiple deviated wells are usually drilled from a single surface location to allow a large area to be explored and produced. As tool strings are run down a wellbore under the action of gravity, the tool-string will drag along the low side or bottom of the wellbore wall as it travels downwards to the target depth. The friction or drag of the tool-string against the wellbore wall can prevent to tool descending to the desired depth. The long length of a tool string can further exacerbate problems with navigating the tool string down wellbore.
Friction may be reduced by using wheels. U.S. Pat. No. 9,200,487 describes a wheeled device for carrying a tool string down a well. The device comprises a mandrel configured to be connected in line in a tool string. A pair of wheels or rollers are rotationally mounted to an annular body or collar. The annular body or collar is mounted to the mandrel to rotate around the mandrel and longitudinal axis of the device and tool string. The rotating body or collar allows the tool string to rotate on its longitudinal axis relative to the wheeled device. A pair of bearing assemblies made up of ball bearings set in annular groove are provided between the collar and the mandrel to provide a low friction interface between the collar mandrel. The tool string is eccentrically weighted so that angular orientation of the tool string in the well bore is achieved regardless of the angular position of the wheeled device within the bore.
A reference to any prior art in the specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in any country.
It is an object of the present invention to address any one or more of the above problems or to at least provide the industry with a useful device for transporting a tool string down a bore.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for transporting a tool string a bore, the device comprising:
In some embodiments, the connection at one or both ends of the body comprises a connection thread, and
In some embodiments, the locking mechanism comprises a threaded locking ring mounted to the body by a threaded engagement.
In some embodiments, the threaded engagement provides for an axial travel of the locking ring that is greater than an adjustment thread length of the connection thread required to achieve a desired angular orientation of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section. In some embodiments, the locking ring is configured to rotate on the body to move axially along the body to frictionally engage an end of the adjacent tool string section to lock the relative angular positions of the device and adjacent tool string section.
In some embodiments, the connection thread has a thread length to provide for connection of the device to the adjacent tool string section and an adjustment thread length to allow for rotational adjustment between the device and the adjacent tool string section to set the angular orientation of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section.
In some embodiments, the adjustment thread length allows for any desired angular orientation of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section to be set.
In some embodiments, the device (the outer form of the device) has two orders of rotational symmetry to provide two stable positions with the device supported on the wheels in each stable position. The thread length provides an adjustment thread length that is at least half of a pitch of the connection thread to allow at least 180 degrees of relative rotation between the device and the adjacent tool string section.
In some embodiments, the device comprises a circumferential seal and a landing portion between the circumferential seal and the locking mechanism, and wherein the landing portion has an axial length to ensure a corresponding sealing face of the adjacent tool string section engages the seal for a maximum axial adjustment range required to set the angular position of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section.
In some embodiments, the device comprises:
In some embodiments, the locking mechanism comprises one or more screws received in threaded holes in the collar to engage the body to lock the angular position of the collar to the body.
In some embodiments, the collar is a single unitary part, and the body comprises two parts a first part on which the collar is received, and a second part coupled to the first part.
In some embodiments, the second part retains the collar on the first part. The first and second parts each provide an end of the device, and the collar is positioned intermediate/between the ends of the device.
In some embodiments, the collar is retained axially between a shoulder on the first part and a shoulder on the second part.
In some embodiments, the first and second parts are coupled together by a threaded engagement.
In some embodiments, the device (the outer form of the device) has a width greater than its height.
In some embodiments, the outer form of the device presents lateral extremities that substantially lie on a curve on a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the device, and
In some embodiments, the outer form of the device presents lateral extremities that substantially lie on a curve on a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the device and,
In some embodiments, the curve is an elliptical curve or is a circular curve, or wherein the lateral extremities of the device lie on two circular curves spaced apart in a width direction of the device.
In some embodiments, the body comprises one or more lateral projections on each lateral side of the body on which each respective wheel is mounted, and wherein each lateral projection presents a lateral extremity of the device.
In some embodiments, the body comprises a pair of lateral projections on each lateral side of the body with a respective wheel located axially between the pair of lateral projections.
In some embodiments, the lateral projections extend beyond a lateral side of the respective wheel.
In some embodiments, the wheels projects below the lateral projections.
In some embodiments, the outer form of the device has two orders of rotational symmetry about the longitudinal axis of the device to provide two stable positions with the device supported on the wheels in each stable position.
In some embodiments, when connected in a tool string, the central longitudinal axis of the device is coincident with the central longitudinal axis of the tool string.
In some embodiments, the rotational axis of the wheels passes through the central longitudinal axis of the device.
In some embodiments, a wheel diameter of the wheels is greater than a maximum radial distance between a longitudinal axis of the device and a lateral extremity of the device.
In some embodiments, the body comprises a pair of stub axles, and each wheel is rotationally mounted on a respective stub axle of the body.
In some embodiments, the body comprising the stub axles is a unitary body member.
In some embodiments, a bearing assembly comprising rolling elements is provided between the wheel and axle.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for transporting a tool string down a bore, the device comprising:
A device according to the second aspect may comprise any one or more features of the device comprising the collar (when formed as a unitary part) as described above in relation to the first aspect.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for setting up a tool string for running down a wellbore, the tool string comprising one or more devices as described above, the method comprising:
In some embodiments, the device may comprise any one or more features of the device comprising a connection thread as described above for the first aspect, and the method comprises:
In some embodiments, in step i) the method comprises rotating the device or the adjacent tool string section on the connection thread to connect the device to the adjacent tool string section until the connection thread has reached an end of travel.
In some embodiments, in step ii) the method comprises backing off the device from the adjacent tool string by rotating the device or adjacent tool string section on the connection thread in a direction of unthreading the device from the adjacent tool string section until the desired angular orientation between the device and the adjacent tool string section is achieved.
In some embodiments, the locking mechanism comprises a threaded locking ring mounted to the body by a threaded engagement, and in step iii) the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the device may comprise any one or more features of the device comprising a collar as described above for the first aspect, and the method comprises:
In some embodiments, the locking mechanism comprises one or more screws received in threaded holes in the collar and step iii) comprises rotating the one or more screws to engage the body and lock the angular position of the collar to the body.
In some embodiments, the tool string comprises at least one apparatus with wheels for carrying the tool string down the bore and in step ii) the method comprises operating the adjustment mechanism to set the angular orientation of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section so that the pair of wheels of the device is aligned parallel with the wheels of the apparatus. The apparatus with wheels may be a said device.
The tool string may comprise at least two said devices spaced apart along the tool string, and the method may comprise:
In some embodiments, where the tool string comprises more than two devices, step iv) is repeated for each device so that the wheels of all of the devices in the tool string are aligned.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for transporting a tool string down a bore, the device comprising:
A device according to the fourth aspect may comprise any one or more features of the device comprising the connection thread as described above in relation to the first aspect.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for transporting a tool string down a bore, the device comprising:
A device according to the fifth aspect may comprise any one or more features of the device comprising the collar as described above in relation to the first aspect.
Unless the context suggests otherwise, the term “wellbore” or similar terms should be understood to also refer to a casing pipe within a wellbore. Thus, the term ‘wellbore wall’ may refer to the wall of a casing within a wellbore.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like, are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
Where in the foregoing description, reference has been made to specific components or integers of the invention having known equivalents, then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth.
The invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, in any or all combinations of two or more of said parts, elements or features, and where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which the invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.
Further aspects of the invention, which should be considered in all its novel aspects, will become apparent from the following description given by way of example of possible embodiments of the invention.
An example embodiment of the invention is now discussed with reference to the Figures.
The body 2 is configured for in-line connection in a tool string. At one or both ends the body has a connection thread 9 for inline connection to an adjacent part or section of the tool string, such as an elongate sensor assembly or apparatus such as a perforating gun. In the illustrated embodiment the connection thread 9 is a male thread to be coupled by threaded engagement to a corresponding female thread of the adjacent tool string section. However, in an alternative embodiment the connection thread 9 may be a female thread for connection to a corresponding male thread of the adjacent tool string section.
The body 2 of the device 1 has a through bore 21 extending the length of the body 2 to allow for detonating cord or communication lines, i.e. electrical cables and/or hydraulic lines, to pass through the body 2 and along the tool string. This allows for detonating cord and/or control signals and/or power from surface to extend to a tool string section such as a perforating gun located in the tool string below the device 1.
As can be seen from
In the illustrated embodiment, lateral extremities of the body 2 and wheels 3 line on the curve. However, in some embodiments, the lateral extremities of only the wheels may lie on the curve to orient the device in the bore.
By example, a lateral extremity is considered to substantially lie on a curve when the lateral extremity is within about 3 mm of the curve. In the illustrated embodiment of
An elliptical curved outer form is provided by way of example. Other outer forms with an elongated width dimension are possible. For example,
In the illustrated embodiments, the body 2 presents a lateral extremity 13 at a lateral side of the body 2, i.e the side of the device on which a respective wheel is mounted. The body comprises a pair of lateral projections 17 on each lateral side of the body 2, with a respective wheel 3 located axially between the pair of projections 17. Each lateral projection 17 presents a lateral extremity 13 of the device. The projections 17 extend beyond a lateral side (3a,
In the illustrated embodiment the outer form of the device has two orders of rotational symmetry about the longitudinal axis of the device 1, to provide two stable positions with the device supported on its wheels in each stable position, i.e. the device 1 can be rotated on the central longitudinal axis 5 by 180 degrees to run either way up on the wheels. The wheels project above and below the lateral projections of the body so that the radial extremities 14 of the wheels 3 are exposed above and below the lateral projections 17 to contact the well bore wall regardless of which way up the device 1 is run in the wellbore. Only about 20% or less of the wheel diameter extends above and below the lateral projections. When connected in a tool string, the central longitudinal axis 5 of the device is coincident with the central longitudinal axis of the tool string. The rotational axis 4 of the wheels 3 passes through the central axis 5, so that the regardless of which way up the device is the device remains centred on the central axis of the tool string. The diameter of the wheels is relatively large, i.e. the wheel diameter is greater than a maximum radial distance between the longitudinal axis 5 of the device and a lateral extremity of the device.
As described above, the body 2 has a connection thread 9 at at least one end for inline connection to an adjacent section of the tool string. The embodiment of
The thread 9 must provide sufficient thread length to allow for a secure connection between the device 1 and the adjacent tool string section while also allowing for rotational adjustment between the device 1 and the adjacent tool string section to achieve a desired relative angular orientation of the outer form of the device 1 relative to the adjacent tool string section. For example, for a 3⅜″ diameter tool string, a known connection thread is 2 13/16-6 ACME 2G thread with a major diameter of 2.808 inch and a minor diameter of 2.7052 inch. At a thread pitch of 6 threads per inch, 0.083 in of axial travel equates to a 180 degree of rotation between the device and the adjacent tool string section. For a device 1 comprising two positions of rotational symmetry, this provides for any desired relative angular orientation between the device and the adjacent tool string section. For the above example thread, a thread length of 1.5 inches is sufficient to provide for 0.083 inch adjustment thread length to allow for sufficient rotational adjustment between the device and tool string section to achieve any desired relative angular orientation between the device and the tool string without compromising the connection between the device and tool string.
Thus, the connection thread 9 should provide an adjustment thread length of at least half the pitch of the thread, in this example, 0.083 inch given a thread pitch of 0.166 inch (6 threads per inch). In a device without rotational symmetry, an adjustment thread length of at least one pitch of the thread should be provided to provide 360 degrees of rotation.
To lock the angular orientation of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section, the device 1 further comprises a locking ring 18 mounted to the body 2 adjacent to the connection thread 9. The locking ring locks the relative angular position between the device 1 and the adjacent tool string section. Once the desired relative angular orientation between the device 1 and the adjacent tool string section has been set, the locking ring 18 is rotated on the body 2 to move axially along the body 2 to frictionally engage an end of the adjacent tool string section to lock (i.e. hold or fix) the relative angular positions of the device and adjacent tool string section. The locking ring 18 is engaged to the body 2 by a threaded engagement 22. The threaded engagement provides for an axial travel of the locking ring 18 greater than the adjustment thread length required to achieve a desired relative angular orientation, or any desired relative angular orientation, between the device 1 and the adjacent tool string section.
One or more circumferential grooves 19 may be provided to the body 2 to receive annular seals (e.g. o-rings 23 in
For example, a standard sealing interface may be modified to make the seal groove(s) narrower and/or move the seal groove(s) closer to the connection thread to provide a sufficient landing portion 20 axial length to ensure the sealing face of the adjacent tool string section engages the seal for the full adjustment range of movement required. Alternatively, the seals may be provided to the adjacent tool string section and the device 1 comprises a circumferential sealing face, with a sufficient length to allow for engagement with the seals over the full axial adjustment range required to set the angular position of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section.
The device of
Other locking mechanisms may be used in place of the threaded locking ring 18 to lock the angular orientation between the device 1 and adjacent tool string component. For example, one or more screws or pins may be provided through aligned radial holes in the adjacent tool string component and body of the device, with the body comprising radial holes spaced apart around a circumference of the body to provide for a plurality of angular orientations to be set and fixed between the device 1 and adjacent tool string component. However, a threaded locking ring 18 together with the connection thread 9 provides for any angular orientation of the device to the adjacent tool string section.
A tool string will typically be provided with at least two wheeled devices spaced apart along the tool string to carry the tool string down a well. The angular orientation of a first device in the tool string may be adjusted on the connection thread 9 and then locked by the locking mechanism 18 as described above. A second device 1 may then be set to have the same angular orientation as the first device by adjustment on its connection thread 9 and then the angular orientation of the second device locked by the locking mechanism 18, again as described above, so that the wheels of the first and second devices are aligned (parallel). The process of aligning the wheels of further devices may be repeated until all devices are connected in the tool string with the wheels of all devices aligned.
The tool string may then be run down the bore 10, with the devices orienting the tool string in the desired orientation within the bore.
With the angular orientation of the device 1 locked to the adjacent tool string section, the outer form of the device 1 not only orients the device in the wellbore but also orients the tool string.
Thus, by setting and locking the relative angular positions of the device and the adjacent tool string section, the device acts to orient the tool string in the wellbore. No other complicated orientation arrangement is required, such as providing a swivel joint between the device and other sections of the tool string or providing the wheels on a rotational sleeve received on the body or mandrel of the device that must rotate relative to the body during use.
An annular member or collar 225 (herein a collar) is rotationally mounted to the body 202 to rotate relative to the body 202 about a longitudinal axis 5 of the device 202/tool string. The collar is mounted axially between ends of the body. For example, the collar is axially between connection threads at each end of the body. A pair of wheels 203 are rotationally mounted to the collar 225.
Each wheel 203 is fixed to the collar 225 to rotate relative to the collar and therefore the body 202 on a rotational axis 4 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 5 of the device 201 or tool string. In the illustrated embodiment and as shown in
The device 201 further comprises a locking mechanism to lock the collar 225 relative to the body 202 to prevent relative rotation between the collar 225 and body 202. The locking mechanism is configurable between an unlocked position to allow the collar 225 to rotate relative to the body 202, and a locked position to fix the collar 225 to the body 202 to prevent relative rotation therebetween. In the locked position, an angular position of the collar 225 relative to the body 202 is locked/fixed, which locks/fixes an angular orientation of the wheels 203 relative to the body and an adjacent tool string section. The wheels or wheels and collar may provide the device with an outer form for orienting the device and connected tool string within the bore. Therefore, fixing the angular orientation of the collar with wheels to the body fixes the angular orientation of the outer form of the device relative to the adjacent tool string section, to orient the tool string in the wellbore when carried on the wheels of the device in use. With the collar locked to the body, the wheels 203 cannot rotate around the longitudinal axis 5 of the device 201. The device 201 has an outer form that orients the device 201 in the bore 10, for example like form 15 as described above with reference to
As noted above, the device 201 has an outer form that orients the device 201 in the bore 10. The outer form illustrated in
Prior to running the device 201 in a tool string down a wellbore, an operator (a person or personnel) may configure the device to carry the tool string in a desired angular orientation within the bore.
The operator connects the body 202 to the adjacent tool string section, e.g. a perforating gun. With the locking arrangement in the unlocked position, the operator rotates the collar 225 with wheels 203 on the body 202 about the longitudinal axis of the device 201 to a desired angular position relative to the body 202 and connected tool string section. With the collar 225 and wheels 203 in the desired angular position, the operator then locks the relative position of the collar 225 to the body 202 by moving the locking arrangement to the locked position, to set the angular orientation of the collar 225 and wheels 203 relative to the body 202 and therefore tool string. With the collar 225 locked to the body 202, the tool string may then be run down the bore 10, with the device orienting the tool string in the desired orientation within the bore 10.
In the illustrated embodiment the locking mechanism comprises a pair of screws 226 (i.e. grub screws) received in threaded holes in the collar. The screws are rotated to engage against the body 202 to lock the rotational position of the collar to the body. One or more screws may be provided.
Alternatively, other locking mechanisms may be provided. For example, the device may comprise a locking ring 1 to engage the collar 225, like the locking ring 18 described above in relation to the first embodiment.
With the collar 225 locked to the body 202 during a downhole operation, no movement between the collar and the body occurs in operation. It is therefore unnecessary to provide sophisticated bearing arrangements or roller elements between the collar and the body. The illustrated embodiment has the collar received directly on the body, forming a plain bearing arrangement. A grease nipple 227 may be provided to the collar 225 or body 202 to allow lubricant/grease to be applied between the collar and body.
With no roller elements or the like required between the collar 225 and the body 202, a space saving is achieved which allows for the axles 206 and roller bearing elements 207 to be applied to the collar 225 to support low friction rotation of the wheels. The stub axles 206 may be integrally formed with the collar 225, i.e. the collar with stub axles may be machined from a single blank or billet, or cast or 3D printed and machined post casting or printing. The collar 225 may be provided with galleries 228 to provide lubricant to the wheel bearings. The galleries may be sealed/plugged off during operation.
In the embodiment of
The first and second parts 202a, 202b are coupled together by a connection interface. In the illustrated embodiment, the connection interface comprises a threaded engagement 230. The first part on which the collar is received comprises a male thread and the second part comprises a corresponding female thread. Other connection interfaces may be provided, for example a key/pin extending through aligned keyways/holes in the first and second parts.
One or more seals 231 are provided between the first and second parts 202a, 202b to seal an inside of the device (i.e. the through bore 21 of the device 201) from the ambient environment/pressure in the wellbore. The ambient pressure in the wellbore is the hydrostatic pressure of the head of wellbore fluid in the wellbore.
Providing the body 202 in two parts allows for the collar 225 to be manufactured as a single unitary part, resulting in significant benefits. The collar 225 and stub axles 206 are manufactured in a single unitary part. Manufacturing costs are reduced. Machining the collar in pieces, e.g. two halves is far more expensive due to the extreme precision required. The two halves are joined and must form a perfect circular bore that is precisely aligned. However, a single unitary collar and a two-part mandrel are easier to manufacture as both the collar and the body components can be made in a turning operation (on a lathe). Furthermore, a unitary collar is stronger than a collar assembled from two halves that is secured together by fasteners. The increased strength of a unitary collar allows for lateral projections 225a to be provided to the collar 225 to protect the wheels 203 from damage and orient the device. As shown in
While the device with a unitary collar is described together with a locking mechanism to lock the collar to the body to prevent relative rotation therebetween, in one aspect, the device comprising a unitary collar may be without a locking mechanism so that the collar is configured to rotate relative to the body during use.
The adjustment mechanism and locking mechanism can be operated to set and lock the orientation of the device relative to the adjacent the tool string section so that the wheels of devices spaced apart along the tool string are aligned. For example, a wheeled device or apparatus (with or without an adjustment mechanism and locking mechanism) may be connected to the tool string to carry the tool string down the bore. A second wheeled device with an adjustment mechanism and a locking mechanism as described above may be connected to the tool string. The angular orientation of the second device may then be set relative to the adjacent tool string section by the adjustment mechanism, and then the angular orientation of the second device locked by the locking mechanism, so that the wheels of the first and second devices are aligned (parallel). As described above, two or more devices may be connected in the tool string, with the adjustment and locking mechanisms of each device operated so that the wheels of all the devices are aligned parallel along the tool string.
A device according to one or more aspects of the present invention as described above provides one or more of the following benefits.
The invention has been described with reference to device for transporting a tool string in a wellbore. However, a device according to the present invention may be used in other applications, for example to carry a camera along a pipe for inspection purposes.
Although this invention has been described by way of example and with reference to possible embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or improvements may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021903925 | Dec 2021 | AU | national |
| 2022901579 | Jun 2022 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2022/061309 | 11/23/2022 | WO |
