Patent Application
20100076389
The present invention relates to an absorbent article including a fragrance emitting layer, and more particularly to a feminine hygiene article such as a sanitary napkin or liner that includes a fragrance emitting microporous film layer.
Sanitary protection articles, such as sanitary napkins and liners, that include a fragrance are well known in the art. Fragrances have been incorporated into these articles in the past to mask undesirable odors and such fragrances can also be functionalized with an odor-controlling agent. Sanitary napkins and liners disclosed in the art generally include a liquid permeable cover layer and a liquid impermeable barrier layer. Such articles may further include a core layer arranged between the cover and barrier layers, and may optionally include a transfer layer arranged between the cover layer and the core. Often the constituent layers of the absorbent article are secured to one another by means of a construction adhesive. Also, the absorbent article typically includes a positioning adhesive arranged on a garment facing surface of the article for securing the article to the undergarment during use.
The inventors have discovered that many fragrances used in absorbent articles will migrate into the adhesive components of the article and undesirably interact with the adhesive by altering its chemical composition. In particular, the inventors have discovered the aromatic components of many fragrances tend to plasticize the end blocks of standard hot melt adhesives. The inventors have discovered that this interaction causes the adhesives to perform poorly by reducing the cohesiveness and internal strength of standard construction and positioning adhesives. Specifically, the inventors have discovered that the interaction between the fragrance and positioning adhesive may cause the article to detach from the undergarment and/or may interact with the construction adhesive thereby causing the undesirable delamination of the layers of the article.
The inventors have further discovered that in order for an absorbent article to provide the desired intensity of scent, and in order for the scent to last for a sufficient period of time during use, the fragrance must be applied to the relevant layer of the article in a relatively high add on amount. However, the inventors have discovered that the use of a high add on amount of fragrance exacerbates the degradation of the adhesive described above.
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides an absorbent article construction that has the ability to incorporate high levels of fragrance without sacrificing the functionality of the construction and positioning adhesives.
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a sanitary absorbent article including a cover layer, a barrier layer, a secondary barrier layer arranged between the cover layer and the barrier layer, the secondary barrier layer provided with an oil based fragrance, wherein the secondary barrier layer is a mineral oil polymer blend microporous film.
The present invention will be described herein with reference to a sanitary napkin, however the present invention is equally applicable to other sanitary absorbent articles such as panty liners and adult incontinence products.
As used herein, the term “construction adhesive” refers to any adhesive that is used to join two layers of material to one another.
As used herein, the term “positioning adhesive” refers to any adhesive that is used to selectively attach a sanitary absorbent article to an undergarment.
The present invention relates to a sanitary absorbent article, such as a sanitary napkin, that includes a fragrance to thereby provide a fresh scent and/or mask odor. The inventors have found that in order to achieve long lasting fragrance levels, a high amount of fragrance must be incorporated into the absorbent article. The inventors have found that the fragrance must be applied in an add on amount of greater than 3 gsm (g/m2). In one embodiment of the invention, a fragrance is applied to at least one of the layers of the article in an amount of between about 3 gsm and about 15 gsm.
The inventors have discovered that purposely selecting fragrances that are substantially insoluble in the adhesive compounds used in the absorbent article minimizes the undesirable reaction between these components. The Hildebrand solubility parameter is used often in chemistry to predict when two solutions are soluble in one another. According to the theory proposed by Dr. Joel Hildebrand, two solutions will be soluble when the Hildebrand solubility parameter is equal, and insoluble when the Hildebrand solubility parameter is not equal. The difference between the two values is roughly related to the extent of insolubility between the two solutions. The Hildebrand solubility parameter (δ(SI)) is derived from the heat of vaporization (ΔH), the universal gas constant (R), the temperature (T), and the molar volume of the solution (Vm), and is calculated using the following formula:
δ(SI)=[(ΔH−RT)/Vm]1/2
The resulting value is a property of a particular solution at a given temperature. In the international system of units (SI), the universal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 J·K−1·mol−1. The Hildebrand solubility parameter has the units of MPa1/2.
The Hildebrand solubility parameter of common adhesives and fragrances is provided in TABLE 1 below:
According to the present invention, the adhesive(s) and fragrance(s) employed in the absorbent article according to the present invention have a solubility parameter absolute value difference of greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 3.0, and most preferably greater than 5.0. This relationship can be expressed by the follow equation:
|δa−δf|>1.5; where
A garment facing surface 22 of the barrier layer 18 may be provided with a positioning adhesive for securing the sanitary napkin to an undergarment during use. Suitable positioning adhesive compositions include hot melt adhesives based on block copolymers such as linear or radial co-polymer structures having the formula (A-B)x wherein block A is a polyvinylarene block, block B is a poly(monoalkenyl) block, and x is an integer greater than or equal to one that denotes the number of polymeric arms. Suitable block A polyvinylarenes include, but are not limited to, polystyrene, polyalpha-methylstyrene, polyvinyltoluene, and combinations thereof. Likewise, suitable Block B poly(monoalkenyl) blocks include, but are not limited to, conjugated diene elastomers, such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and hydrogenated elastomers such as ethylene butylenes, ethylene propylene, polyisobutylene, or combinations thereof. Commercial examples of these types of block copolymers include Kraton™ elastomers from Kraton Polymers L.P, Vector™ elastomers from Dexco, SIBSTAR polymers from Kaneka USA, and Stereon™ from Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Alternately, suitable acrylic hot melt adhesive polymers such as the ACResin hot melt adhesives from BASF Corp. may also be used. In addition to providing some level of insolubility to the fragrances, these systems can be rendered further insoluble via crosslinking using a UV radiation source.
The sanitary napkin 10 may be optionally provided with a removable backing layer that is intended to protect the positioning adhesive prior to use of the sanitary napkin 10. The backing layer may be constructed of a suitable paper and/or polymeric film material. The surface of the backing layer in contact with the positioning adhesive may be provided with a non-stick coating such as silicone to facilitate the removal of the backing layer by the user prior to use.
According to one aspect of the invention, the secondary barrier layer 20 is provided with a fragrance 25. The fragrance 25 may be selected from one of the fragrances set forth in Table 1 above or may be selected from other common fragrances known to those of skill in the art. The fragrance 25 may also constitute a complex fragrance, i.e. a fragrance including a mixture of a number of different fragrance components. Typically the solubility parameter δf of such complex fragrance mixtures may be obtained from the commercial manufacturer of such fragrances. The fragrance 25 is preferably applied onto the secondary barrier layer 20 in an amount greater than about 3 gsm (g/m2), preferably between about 3 gsm and about 15 gsm.
According to the present invention, the positioning adhesive and the fragrance 25 should be selected such that they have a solubility parameter absolute value difference of greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 3.0 and most preferably greater than 5.0. This relationship can be expressed by the follow equation:
|δpa−δf|>1.5; where
The various layers of the sanitary napkin may be secured to one another by means of a construction adhesive arranged between the layers of the article. The construction adhesive is preferably selected from the same group of adhesives as the positioning adhesive. Thus suitable construction adhesive compositions include hot melt adhesives based on block copolymers such as linear or radial co-polymer structures having the formula (A-B)x wherein block A is a polyvinylarene block, block B is a poly(monoalkenyl) block, and x is an integer greater than or equal to one that denotes the number of polymeric arms. Suitable block A polyvinylarenes include, but are not limited to, polystyrene, polyalpha-methylstyrene, polyvinyltoluene, and combinations thereof. Likewise, suitable Block B poly(monoalkenyl) blocks include, but are not limited to, conjugated diene elastomers, such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and hydrogenated elastomers such as ethylene butylenes, ethylene propylene, polyisobutylene, or combinations thereof. Commercial examples of these types of block copolymers include Kraton™ elastomers from Kraton Polymers L.P, Vector™ elastomers from Dexco, SIBSTAR polymers from Kaneka USA, and Stereon™ from Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Alternately, suitable acrylic hot melt adhesive polymers such as the ACResin hot melt adhesives from BASF Corp. may also be used. In addition to providing some level of insolubility to the fragrances, these systems can be rendered further insoluble via crosslinking using a UV radiation source.
According to the present invention, the construction adhesive and the fragrance 25 should be selected such that they have a solubility parameter absolute value difference of greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 3.0 and most preferably greater than 5.0. This relationship can be expressed by the follow equation:
|δca−δf|>1.5; where
The cover layer 12 may be a relatively low density, bulky, high-loft non-woven web material. The cover layer 12 may be composed of only one type of fiber, such as polyester or polypropylene or it may include a mixture of more than one fiber. The cover may be composed of bi-component or conjugate fibers having a low melting point component and a high melting point component. The fibers may be selected from a variety of natural and synthetic materials such as nylon, polyester, rayon (in combination with other fibers), cotton, acrylic fiber and the like and combinations thereof. Preferably, the cover layer 12 has a basis weight in the range of about 10 gsm to about 75 gsm.
Bi-component fibers may be made up of a polyester layer and a polyethylene sheath. The use of appropriate bi-component materials results in a fusible non-woven fabric. Examples of such fusible fabrics are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,430 issued Nov. 26, 1985 to Chicopee. Using a fusible fabric increases the ease with which the cover layer may be mounted to the absorbent layer and/or to the barrier layer.
The cover layer 12 preferably has a relatively high degree of wettability, although the individual fibers comprising the cover may not be particularly hydrophilic. The cover material should also contain a great number of relatively large pores. This is because the cover layer 12 is intended to take-up body fluid rapidly and transport it away from the body and the point of deposition. Therefore, the cover layer contributes little to the time taken for the napkin to absorb a given quantity of liquid (penetration time).
Advantageously, the fibers which make up the cover layer 12 should not lose their physical properties when they are wetted, in other words they should not collapse or lose their resiliency when subjected to water or body fluid. The cover layer 12 may be treated to allow fluid to pass through it readily. The cover layer 12 also functions to transfer the fluid quickly to the underlying layers of the napkin. Thus, the cover layer 12 is advantageously wettable, hydrophilic and porous. When composed of synthetic hydrophobic fibers such as polyester or bi-component fibers, the cover layer 12 may be treated with a surfactant to impart the desired degree of wettability.
Alternatively, the cover layer 12 can also be made of polymer film having large pores. Because of such high porosity, the film accomplishes the function of quickly transferring body fluid to the inner layers of the underlying absorbent layers. A suitable cover material of this type is commercially found on the STAYFREE Dry Max Ultrathin product distributed by McNeil-PPC, Inc.
The cover layer 12 may be attached to the underlying absorbent layers 14 and 16, and/or the barrier layer 18, by adhesion and/or other suitable means know to those of skill in the art.
The transfer layer, 14 may be composed of fibrous materials, such as wood pulp, polyester, rayon, flexible foam, or the like, or combinations thereof. The transfer layer 14 may also optionally include a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) material. The transfer layer 14 may also comprise thermoplastic fibers for the purpose of stabilizing the layer and maintaining its structural integrity. The transfer layer 14 may be treated with surfactant on one or both sides in order to increase its wettability, although generally the transfer layer 14 is relatively hydrophilic and may not require treatment. The transfer layer 14 is preferably bonded on both sides to the adjacent layers, i.e. the cover layer 12 and the underlying core 16.
In one specific embodiment of the invention the transfer layer 14 is a through air bonded pulp material commercially available from Buckeye Technologies, Memphis, Tenn. under the designation VIZORB 3045.
The absorbent core 16 may comprise a single layer of material or may comprise multiple layers. In one embodiment, the core 16 is a blend or mixture of cellulosic fibers and superabsorbent disposed therein. Cellulosic fibers that can be used in the second absorbent layer 16 are well known in the art and include wood pulp, cotton, flax and peat moss. Wood pulp is preferred. Pulps can be obtained from mechanical or chemi-mechanical, sulfite, kraft, pulping reject materials, organic solvent pulps, etc. Both softwood and hardwood species are useful. Softwood pulps are preferred. It is not necessary to treat cellulosic fibers with chemical debonding agents, cross-linking agents and the like for use in the present material. Some portion of the pulp may be chemically treated as discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,916,670 to improved flexibility of the product. Flexibility of the material may also be improved by mechanically working the material or tenderizing the material.
The core 16 can contain any superabsorbent polymer (SAP) which are well known in the art. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “superabsorbent polymer” (or “SAP”) refers to materials which are capable of absorbing and retaining at least about 10 times their weight in body fluids under a 0.5 psi pressure. The superabsorbent polymer particles of the invention may be inorganic or organic crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene oxides, crosslinked starches, guar gum, xanthan gum, and the like. The particles may be in the form of a powder, grains, granules, or fibers. Preferred superabsorbent polymer particles for use in the present invention are crosslinked polyacrylates, such as the product offered by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. Of Osaka, Japan, under the designation of SA70N and products offered by Stockhausen Inc. In a specific example, the core 16 is a material containing from 90% to about 40% percent cellulosic fiber, about 10% to about 60% SAP. The core 16 may comprise a material manufactured by using air-laying means well known in the art.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention the core 16 is relatively thin, high swelling absorbent material such as the absorbent composite material sold under the trade name NOVATHIN® available from EAM Corporation located in Jessup, Ga., U.S.A.
Underlying the secondary barrier 20, is a barrier layer 18 comprising liquid-impervious film material so as to prevent liquid that is entrapped in the absorbent layer 16 from egressing the sanitary napkin and staining the wearer's undergarment. The barrier layer 18 is preferably made of polymeric film, although it may be made of liquid impervious, air-permeable material such as repellent-treated non-woven or micropore films or foams.
The barrier layer 18 may be breathable, i.e., permits vapor to transpire. Known materials for this purpose include nonwoven materials and microporous films in which microporosity is created by, inter alia, stretching an oriented film. Single or multiple layers of permeable films, fabrics, melt-blown materials, and combinations thereof that provide a tortuous path, and/or whose surface characteristics provide a liquid surface repellent to the penetration of liquids may also be used to provide a breathable backsheet. The cover layer 12 and the barrier layer 18 are preferably joined along their marginal portions so as to form an enclosure or flange seal that maintains the absorbent layers 14 and 16 captive. The joint may be made by means of adhesives, heat-bonding, ultrasonic bonding, radio frequency sealing, mechanical crimping, and the like and combinations thereof.
Absorbent articles of this invention may or may not include wings, flaps or tabs for securing the absorbent article to an undergarment. Wings, also called, among other things, flaps or tabs, and their use in sanitary protection articles is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,687,478 to Van Tilburg; U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,876 also to Van Tilburg, U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,320 to McCoy, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,608,047 to Mattingly. The disclosures of these patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. As disclosed in the above documents, wings are generally speaking flexible and configured to be folded over the edges of the underwear so that the wings are disposed between the edges of the underwear.
As shown in
Preferably, the secondary barrier layer 20 is a formed from a microporous film material, and more specifically a microporous film material made by a method including the steps of melt blending crystallizable thermoplastic polymer with a compound which is miscible with the thermoplastic polymer at the melting temperature of the polymer but phase separates on cooling at or below the crystallization temperature of the polymer. Microporous film materials of this type are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,256, microporous films of this type are typically formed by blending a mineral oil with the polymer at an elevated temperature and then cooling the mixture to form a film. The film is then elongated to thereby form the microporous structure of the film. For purposes of simplicity, microporous films of this type will be referred to herein as “mineral oil polymer blend microporous films”. Microporous films of this type are commercially available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, Saint Paul, Minn. Microporous films of this type are particularly useful for use in the present invention in that they effectively retain an oil based fragrance when such a fragrance is applied to the layer but at the same time permit the slow volatile release of the fragrance.
While particular embodiments of the preset invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61099010 | Sep 2008 | US |
