Patent Application
20240252365
The present disclosure relates to absorbent articles, and more particularly, to absorbent articles having front and/or back waist regions including high-stretch and low-stretch zones.
Along an assembly line, various types of articles, such as for example, diapers and other absorbent articles, may be assembled by adding components to and/or otherwise modifying an advancing, continuous web of material. For example, in some processes, advancing webs of material are combined with other advancing webs of material. In other examples, individual components created from advancing webs of material are combined with advancing webs of material, which in turn, are then combined with other advancing webs of material. In some cases, individual components created from an advancing web or webs are combined with other individual components created from other advancing webs. Webs of material and component parts used to manufacture diapers may include: backsheets, topsheets, leg cuffs, waist bands, absorbent core components, front and/or back cars, fastening components, and various types of elastic webs and components such as front and/or back waist panels, leg elastics, barrier leg cuff elastics, stretch side panels, and waist elastics. Once the desired component parts are assembled, the advancing web(s) and component parts are subjected to a final knife cut to separate the web(s) into discrete diapers or other absorbent articles.
Some absorbent articles have components that include elastomeric laminates. Such elastomeric laminates may include an elastic material bonded to one or more nonwovens. The elastic material may include an elastic film and/or elastic strands. In some laminates, a plurality of elastic strands are joined to a nonwoven while the plurality of strands are in a stretched condition so that when the elastic strands relax, the nonwoven gathers in the locations where the nonwoven is bonded to the elastic strands, and in turn, forms corrugations and rugosities. The resulting elastomeric laminate is stretchable to the extent that the corrugations allow the elastic strands to elongate.
Some absorbent articles in the form of diaper pants are configured with an absorbent chassis connected with front and back elastic belts, wherein opposing end regions of the front and back belts are connected with each other at side seams. In some instances, the elasticity of the front and back belts is removed in regions where the chassis connects with the belts. Thus, in some converting configurations adapted to assemble such diaper pants, stretched elastic strands are glued between two continuous nonwoven webs to form an elastic laminate. Regions of the elastic strands may then be intermittently deactivated along the length of the elastic laminate by cutting the elastic strands. Subsequent to deactivating the elastic strands, the elastic laminate may be subjected to additional handling and converting operations.
In some operations, an elastic laminate may advance through a cutting station that cuts the elastic in the advancing laminate. For example, the elastic strands may be cut with a knife blade configured with a relatively smooth and/or radiused edge that creates enough compressive load to rupture the elastic strands without cutting through the nonwoven webs. However, when attempting to cut elastic strands with relatively low decitex, it can be challenging to utilize such strand cutting technology to successfully and consistently cut such elastic strands without damaging the nonwovens. As such, consistently cutting the relatively low decitex elastic strands may require a process that cuts through the nonwoven webs, which in turn, may damage the elastic laminate, resulting in a relatively poor aesthetic appearance. In addition, the ends of the cut elastic stands may snap back and in an uncontrolled fashion and consequently may end up in undesired locations within the laminate. Further, cutting the nonwoven webs while deactivating the elastics in an elastic laminate may weaken the laminate, making the laminate relatively more likely to tear, and/or may otherwise result in control and handling difficulties associated with differential stretch characteristics within the laminate.
Consequently, it would be beneficial to provide methods and apparatuses that are configured to cut relatively low decitex elastic strands in elastic laminates in such a way to reduce web control and handling difficulties while helping to increase the aesthetic appearance of the laminate when utilized in an assembled product.
In one aspect, an absorbent article comprises: a body facing surface and a garment facing surface; a front waist region and a back waist region, the back waist region separated from the front waist region by a crotch region, the front waist region comprising a front waist edge, and the back waist region comprising a back waist edge, wherein a longitudinal axis extends perpendicularly through the front waist edge and the back waist edge, and wherein a lateral axis extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis; an absorbent assembly extending longitudinally through the crotch region between the front waist region and the back waist region, the absorbent assembly positioned between the body facing surface and the garment facing surface; wherein at least one of the front waist region and the back waist region comprises: an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate; a first high-stretch zone and a second high-stretch zone separated laterally by a low-stretch zone, wherein the first and second high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material; wherein the low-stretch zone comprises cut lines separating the elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces; wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length; and wherein each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the lateral axis that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.
In another aspect, a method for assembling absorbent articles comprises steps of: providing an elastic laminate, the elastic laminate comprising an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate; advancing the elastic laminate in a machine direction; cutting the elastic material along cut lines to create low-stretch zones in the elastic laminate such that high-stretch zones are separated from each other in the machine direction by the low-stretch zones, wherein the high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material, and wherein the cut lines in the low-stretch zones separate the elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces, wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length; and wherein each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the machine direction that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.
In yet another aspect, a method for assembling absorbent articles comprises steps of: providing an elastic laminate, the elastic laminate comprising an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate; advancing the elastic laminate in a machine direction; cutting the elastic material along cut lines to create low-stretch zones in the elastic laminate such that high-stretch zones are separated from each other in the machine direction by the low-stretch zones, wherein the high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material, and wherein the cut lines in the low-stretch zones separate the elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces, wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length; and wherein each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the machine direction that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.
In still another aspect, an apparatus for cutting elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces, wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length, the apparatus comprising: a roll adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation extending in an axial direction; wherein the roll comprises blades extending radially outward from the axis of rotation and being arranged circumferentially about the axis of rotation; the blades oriented to define an offset angle relative to the axis of rotation that is greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees; wherein the wherein the blades are arranged in rows comprising at least a first row and a second row neighboring the first row;
wherein the first length of the first discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending circumferentially between neighboring blades in the first row and wherein the second length of the second discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending circumferentially between cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row.
The following term explanations may be useful in understanding the present disclosure:
“Absorbent article” refers to devices, which absorb and contain body exudates and, more specifically, refers to devices, which are placed against or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from the body. Exemplary absorbent articles include diapers, training pants, pull-on pant-type diapers (i.e., a diaper having a pre-formed waist opening and leg openings such as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,487), refastenable diapers or pant-type diapers, incontinence briefs and undergarments, diaper holders and liners, feminine hygiene garments such as panty liners, absorbent inserts, menstrual pads and the like.
“Body-facing” and “garment-facing” refer respectively to the relative location of an element or a surface of an element or group of elements. “Body-facing” implies the element or surface is nearer to the wearer during wear than some other element or surface. “Garment-facing” implies the element or surface is more remote from the wearer during wear than some other element or surface (i.e., element or surface is proximate to the wearer's garments that may be worn over the disposable absorbent article).
The terms “elastic,” “elastomer” or “elastomeric” refers to materials exhibiting elastic properties, which include any material that upon application of a force to its relaxed, initial length can stretch or elongate to an elongated length more than 10% greater than its initial length and will substantially recover back to about its initial length upon release of the applied force. Elastomeric materials may include elastomeric films, scrims, nonwovens, ribbons, strands and other sheet-like structures.
As used herein, the term “joined” encompasses configurations whereby an element is directly secured to another element by affixing the element directly to the other element, and configurations whereby an element is indirectly secured to another element by affixing the element to intermediate member(s) which in turn are affixed to the other element.
As used herein, the term “distal” is used to describe a position situated away from a center of a body or from a point of attachment, and the term “proximal” is used to describe a position situated nearer to a center of a body or a point of attachment.
The term “substrate” is used herein to describe a material which is primarily two-dimensional (i.e., in an XY plane) and whose thickness (in a Z direction) is relatively small (i.e., 1/10 or less) in comparison to its length (in an X direction) and width (in a Y direction). Non-limiting examples of substrates include a web, layer or layers or fibrous materials, nonwovens, films and foils such as polymeric films or metallic foils. These materials may be used alone or may comprise two or more layers laminated together. As such, a web is a substrate.
The term “nonwoven” refers herein to a material made from continuous (long) filaments (fibers) and/or discontinuous (short) filaments (fibers) by processes such as spunbonding, meltblowing, carding, and the like. Nonwovens do not have a woven or knitted filament pattern.
The term “machine direction” (MD) is used herein to refer to the direction of material flow through a process. In addition, relative placement and movement of material can be described as flowing in the machine direction through a process from upstream in the process to downstream in the process.
The term “cross direction” (CD) is used herein to refer to a direction that is generally perpendicular to the machine direction.
“Pre-strain” refers to the strain imposed on an elastic or elastomeric material prior to combining it with another element of the elastomeric laminate or the absorbent article. Pre-strain is determined by the following equation Pre-strain=((extended length of the elastic-relaxed length of the elastic)/relaxed length of the elastic)*100.
“Decitex” also known as Dtex is a measurement used in the textile industry used for measuring yarns or filaments. 1 Decitex=1 gram per 10,000 meters. In other words, if 10,000 linear meters of a yarn or filament weights 500 grams that yarn or filament would have a decitex of 500.
The term “taped diaper” (also referred to as “open diaper”) refers to disposable absorbent articles having an initial front waist region and an initial back waist region that are not fastened, pre-fastened, or connected to each other as packaged, prior to being applied to the wearer. A taped diaper may be folded about the lateral centerline with the interior of one waist region in surface to surface contact with the interior of the opposing waist region without fastening or joining the waist regions together. Example taped diapers are disclosed in various suitable configurations U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,167,897, 5,360,420, 5,599,335, 5,643,588, 5,674,216, 5,702,551, 5,968,025, 6,107,537, 6,118,041, 6,153,209, 6,410,129, 6,426,444, 6,586,652, 6,627,787, 6,617,016, 6,825,393, and 6,861,571; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2013/0072887 A1; 2013/0211356 A1; and 2013/0306226 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The term “pant” (also referred to as “training pant”, “pre-closed diaper”, “diaper pant”, “pant diaper”, and “pull-on diaper”) refers herein to disposable absorbent articles having a continuous perimeter waist opening and continuous perimeter leg openings designed for infant or adult wearers. A pant can be configured with a continuous or closed waist opening and at least one continuous, closed, leg opening prior to the article being applied to the wearer. A pant can be preformed or pre-fastened by various techniques including, but not limited to, joining together portions of the article using any refastenable and/or permanent closure member (e.g., seams, heat bonds, pressure welds, adhesives, cohesive bonds, mechanical fasteners, etc.). A pant can be preformed anywhere along the circumference of the article in the waist region (e.g., side fastened or seamed, front waist fastened or seamed, back waist fastened or seamed). Example diaper pants in various configurations are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,940,464; 5,092,861; 5,246,433; 5,569,234; 5,897,545; 5,957,908; 6,120,487; 6,120,489; 7,569,039 and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2003/0233082 A1; 2005/0107764 A1, 2012/0061016 A1, 2012/0061015 A1; 2013/0255861 A1; 2013/0255862 A1; 2013/0255863 A1; 2013/0255864 A1; and 2013/0255865 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
“Closed-form” means opposing waist regions are joined, as packaged, either permanently or refastenably to form a continuous waist opening and leg openings.
“Open-form” means opposing waist regions are not initially joined to form a continuous waist opening and leg openings but comprise a closure means such as a fastening system to join the waist regions to form the waist and leg openings before or during application to a wearer of the article.
The present disclosure relates to absorbent articles including elastic laminates, and more particularly, to absorbent articles having elastic laminates in front and/or back waist regions with high-stretch zones and low-stretch zones. In some configurations, an absorbent article may include a body facing surface and a garment facing surface with a front waist region and a back waist region separated by a crotch region. The front waist region comprises a front waist edge, and the back waist region comprises a back waist edge. A longitudinal axis extends perpendicularly through the front waist edge and the back waist edge, and a lateral axis extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis. An absorbent assembly positioned between the body facing surface and the garment facing surface may extend longitudinally through the crotch region between the front waist region and the back waist region. At least one of the front waist region and the back waist region may comprise: an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate, and a first high-stretch zone and a second high-stretch zone separated laterally by a low-stretch zone. The first and second high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material. The low-stretch zone comprises cut lines separating the elastic material into first discrete pieces having a first length and second discrete pieces having a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length. In some configurations, each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the lateral axis that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees, specifically reciting all 1 degree increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby. In some configurations, the cut lines penetrate through the elastic material, the first substrate, and the second substrate. In turn, the offset angles of the cut lines help to prevent the cut lines from opening when lateral forces are applied to the respective first and second substrates. In addition, the cut length differences help to mask the cut lines.
With continued reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As previously mentioned, the diaper pant 100P may include a backsheet 136. The backsheet 136 may also define the outer, garment facing surface 134 of the chassis 102. The backsheet 136 may also comprise a woven or nonwoven material, polymeric films such as thermoplastic films of polyethylene or polypropylene, and/or a multi-layer or composite materials comprising a film and a nonwoven material. The backsheet may also comprise an elastomeric film. An example backsheet 136 may be a polyethylene film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mils) to about 0.051 mm (2.0 mils). Further, the backsheet 136 may permit vapors to escape from the absorbent core (i.e., the backsheet is breathable) while still preventing exudates from passing through the backsheet 136.
Also described above, the diaper pant 100P may include a topsheet 138. The topsheet 138 may also define all or part of the inner, wearer facing surface 132 of the chassis 102. The topsheet 138 may be liquid pervious, permitting liquids (e.g., menses, urine, and/or runny feces) to penetrate through its thickness. A topsheet 138 may be manufactured from a wide range of materials such as woven and nonwoven materials; apertured or hydroformed thermoplastic films; apertured nonwovens, porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated thermoplastic films; and thermoplastic scrims. Woven and nonwoven materials may comprise natural fibers such as wood or cotton fibers; synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene fibers; or combinations thereof. If the topsheet 138 includes fibers, the fibers may be spunbond, carded, wet-laid, meltblown, hydroentangled, or otherwise processed as is known in the art. Topsheets 138 may be selected from high loft nonwoven topsheets, apertured film topsheets and apertured nonwoven topsheets. Exemplary apertured films may include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,628,097; 5,916,661; 6,545,197; and 6,107,539, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
As mentioned above, the diaper pant 100P may also include an absorbent assembly 140 that is joined to the chassis 102. As shown in
Some absorbent core embodiments may comprise fluid storage cores that contain reduced amounts of cellulosic airfelt material. For instance, such cores may comprise less than about 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or even 1% of cellulosic airfelt material. Such a core may comprise primarily absorbent gelling material in amounts of at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or even about 100%, where the remainder of the core comprises a microfiber glue (if applicable). Such cores, microfiber glues, and absorbent gelling materials are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,599,335; 5,562,646; 5,669,894; and 6,790,798 as well as U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/0158212 A1 and 2004/0097895 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
As previously mentioned, the diaper 100P may also include elasticized leg cuffs 156. It is to be appreciated that the leg cuffs 156 can be and are sometimes also referred to as leg bands, side flaps, barrier cuffs, elastic cuffs or gasketing cuffs. The elasticized leg cuffs 156 may be configured in various ways to help reduce the leakage of body exudates in the leg regions. Example leg cuffs 156 may include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,860,003; 4,909,803; 4,695,278; 4,795,454; 4,704,115; 4,909,803; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0312730 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
As mentioned above, diaper pants may be manufactured with a ring-like elastic belt 104 and provided to consumers in a configuration wherein the front waist region 116 and the back waist region 118 are connected to each other as packaged, prior to being applied to the wearer. As such, diaper pants may have a continuous perimeter waist opening 110 and continuous perimeter leg openings 112 such as shown in
As previously mentioned, the ring-like elastic belt 104 may be defined by a first elastic belt 106 connected with a second elastic belt 108. As shown in
As shown in
It is to be appreciated that the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt 108 may define different sizes and shapes. In some configurations, the first elastic belt 106 and/or second elastic belt 108 may define curved contours. For example, the inner lateral edges 107b, 109b of the first and/or second elastic belts 106, 108 may include non-linear or curved portions in the first and second opposing end regions. Such curved contours may help define desired shapes to leg opening 112, such as for example, relatively rounded leg openings. In addition to having curved contours, the elastic belts 106, 108 may include elastic strands 168 that extend along non-linear or curved paths that may correspond with the curved contours of the inner lateral edges 107b, 109b.
In some configurations, at least one of the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt 108 may comprise lateral edges having different lengths. For example,
In some configurations, both the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt 108 may comprise lateral edges having different lengths. For example,
With reference to
With reference to
It is to be appreciated that the first substrate 162 and the second substrate 164 may define various lateral widths that may or may not be equal. For example, as shown in
In some configurations, the proximal edge 162b of the first substrate 162 and/or the proximal edge 164b of the second substrate 164 may extend laterally across the backsheet 134. As shown in
It is to be appreciated that the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt 108 may comprise the same materials and/or may have the same structure. In some embodiments, the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt may comprise different materials and/or may have different structures. It should also be appreciated that components of the first elastic belt 106 and the second elastic belt 108, such as the first substrate 162, and/or second substrate 164 may be constructed from various materials. For example, the first and/or second belts may include a first substrate 162, and/or second substrate 164 that may be manufactured from materials such as plastic films; apertured plastic films; woven or nonwoven webs of natural materials (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyolefins, polyamides, polyester, polyethylene, or polypropylene fibers) or a combination of natural and/or synthetic fibers; or coated woven or nonwoven webs. In some configurations, the first and/or second belts may include a first substrate 162, and/or second substrate 164 comprising a nonwoven web of synthetic fibers, and may include a stretchable nonwoven. In some configurations, the first and second elastic belts may include an inner hydrophobic, non-stretchable nonwoven material and an outer hydrophobic, non-stretchable nonwoven material. It is to be appreciated that the belts may configured in various ways, such as disclosed for example, in U.S. Patent Application No. 63/111,790 and Chinese Patent Application No. CN2021/077843, which are both incorporated by reference.
Elastic material 167 may be positioned between the wearer facing surface 162d of the first substrate 162 and the garment facing surface 164c of the second substrate 164. It is to be appreciated that the elastic material 167 may include one or more elastic elements such as strands, ribbons, elastic films, or panels extending along the lengths of the elastic belts. As shown in
It is also to be appreciated that the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and/or elastic material 167 of the first elastic belt 106 and/or second elastic belt 108 may be bonded together and/or with other components, such as the chassis 102, with adhesive and/or mechanical bonds. It is to be appreciated that adhesive and mechanical bonding methods may be utilized alone or in combination with each other.
In some configurations, adhesive may be applied to at least one of the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and/or elastic material 167 when being combined to form the first elastic belt 106 and/or second elastic belt 108. In some configurations, mechanical bonding devices may apply mechanical bonds to the to at least one of the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and/or elastic material 167 when being combined to form the first elastic belt 106 and/or second elastic belt 108. Such mechanical bonds may be applied with heat, pressure, and/or ultrasonic devices. In some configurations, mechanical bonding devices may apply bonds that bond the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and/or elastic material 167 together and/or may act to trap or immobilize discrete lengths of the contracted elastic strands in the first elastic belt 106 and/or second elastic belt 108.
It is also to be appreciated that the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and/or elastic material 167 may be bonded together with various methods and apparatuses to create various elastomeric laminates, such as described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2018/0168878 A1; 2018/0168877 A1; 2018/0168880 A1; 2018/0170027 A1; 2018/0169964 A1; 2018/0168879 A1; 2018/0170026 A1; 2018/0168889 A1; 2018/0168874 A1; 2018/0168875 A1; 2018/0168890 A1; 2018/0168887 A1; 2018/0168892 A1; 2018/0168876 A1; 2018/0168891 A1; 2019/0070042 A1; and 2019/0070041 A1 as well as U.S. Patent Application Nos. 62/989,059 and 62/984,837, and combinations thereof, all of which are incorporated herein by reference
It is to be appreciated that components of the first elastic belt 106 and/or the second elastic belt 108 may be assembled in various ways and various combinations to create various desirable various features that may differ along the lateral width and/or longitudinal length of the first elastic belt 106 and/or the second elastic belt 108. Such features may include, for example, Dtex values, bond patterns, aperture arrangements, elastic positioning, Average Dtex values, Average Pre-Strain values, rugosity frequencies, rugosity wavelengths, height values, and/or contact area. It is to be appreciated that differing features may be imparted to various components, such as for example, the first substrate 162, second substrate 164, and elastic material 167 before and/or during stages of assembly of the first elastic belt 106 and/or the second elastic belt 108.
It is to be appreciated that the first elastic belt 106 and/or the second elastic belt 108 may include various configurations of belt elastic materials 167 arranged in relation to each other and to the first substrate 162, and the second substrate 164. As discussed above, the elastic material 167 may include configurations of one or more elastic elements such as strands, ribbons, films, or panels positioned in various arrangements. In some configurations, the elastic material 167 may comprise various elastics, elastic features and arrangements, and processes for assembly, such as described in 2018/0168889 A1; 2018/0168874 A1; 2018/0168875 A1; 2018/0168890 A1; 2018/0168887 A1; 2018/0168892 A1; 2018/0168876 A1; 2018/0168891 A1; 2019/0298586 A1; 2019/0070042 A1; 2018/0168878 A1; 2018/0168877 A1; 2018/0168880 A1; 2018/0170027 A1; 2018/0169964 A1; 2018/0168879 A1; 2018/0170026 A1; and 2019/0070041 A1 as well as U.S. Patent Application Nos. 62/989,059 and 62/984,837, which are all incorporated by reference. It is also to be appreciated the elastic materials 167 herein may be configured with identical or different colors in various different locations on the first elastic belt 106 and/or the second elastic belt 108.
In some configurations, the elastic material 167 may be configured as elastic strands 168 disposed at a constant interval in the longitudinal direction. In other embodiments, the elastic strands 168 may be disposed at different intervals in the longitudinal direction. In some configurations, the elastic material 167 in a stretched condition may be interposed and joined between uncontracted substrate layers. When the elastic material 167 is relaxed, the elastic material 167 returns to an unstretched condition and contracts the substrate layers. The elastic material 167 may provide a desired variation of contraction force in the area of the ring-like elastic belt. It is to be appreciated that the chassis 102 and elastic belts 106, 108 may be configured in different ways other than as depicted in attached Figures. It is also to be appreciated that the elastic material 167 material may be joined to the substrates continuously or intermittently along the interface between the elastic material 167 material and the substrates. In some configurations, the elastic strands 168 may be in the form of extruded elastic strands, which may also be bonded with the first substrate 162 and/or second substrate 164 in a pre-corrugated configuration, such as disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,302, which is incorporated by reference herein.
As discussed above for example with reference to
In some configurations, a first plurality of elastic strands may comprise a first Average-Pre-Strain from about 75% to about 300%, and a second plurality of elastic strands may comprise a second Average-Pre-Strain that is greater than first Average-Pre-Strain. In some configurations, a first plurality of elastic strands comprises an Average-Strand-Spacing from about 0.25 mm to about 4 mm and an Average-Dtex from about 10 to about 500; and a second plurality of elastic strands may comprise an Average-Strand-Spacing greater than about 4 mm and an Average-Dtex greater than about 450.
In some configurations, such as shown in
As shown in
With continued reference to
As previously mentioned, the cut lines 404 in the low-stretch zones 402 separate the elastic strands 168 into discrete pieces 406. As shown in
As previously mentioned, various apparatuses and methods may be utilized to produce elastomeric laminates according to the present disclosure that may be used to construct various components of diapers, such as elastic belts, leg cuffs, and the like. For example,
It is to be appreciated that the elastomeric laminates 200 can be used to construct various types of absorbent article components. It also to be appreciated that the methods and apparatuses herein may be adapted to operate with various types of absorbent article assembly processes, such as disclosed for example in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2013/0255861 A1; 2013/0255862 A1; 2013/0255863 A1; 2013/0255864 A1; and 2013/0255865 A1, which are all incorporated by reference herein. For example, the elastomeric laminates 200 may be used as a continuous length of elastomeric belt material that may be converted into the first and second elastic belts 106, 108 discussed above with reference to
It is to be appreciated that elastic laminate 200 may be assembled and/or supplied in various ways. For example,
As shown in
As shown in
In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may also be stretched in the machine direction MD and combined with the first substrate 204 and the second substrate 206 in the stretched state. For example, with continued reference to
As previously mentioned, the apparatus 300 may include an elastic strand supply apparatus, such as one or more unwinders 302, that supplies a plurality of elastic strands 208. It is to be appreciated the unwinders 302 herein may be configured in various ways. For example, the unwinder 302 may be configured with individual spools with mandrel and/or surface driven unwinders, overend unwinders, and/or beam unwinders (also referred to as warp beams). Various types of unwinders are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,676,054; 7,878,447; 7,905,446; 9,156,648; 4,525,905; 5,060,881; and 5,775,380; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/189,476, filed on Mar. 2, 2021; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2004/0219854 A1; 2018/0168879 A1; and 2018/0170026 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. Additional examples of elastics and associated handling equipment are available from Karl Mayer Corporation. It is to be appreciated that the apparatus 300 may be configured to assemble elastomeric laminates 200 with elastic strands 208 unwound from more than one unwinder 302 in combination with elastic strands supplied from the same and/or different types of elastic unwinder configurations. It is also to be appreciated that the elastic strands 208 may include various types of spin finish, also referred herein as yarn finish, configured as coating on the elastic strands 208 that may be intended to help prevent the elastic strands from adhering to themselves, each other, and/or downstream handling equipment. As such, the apparatus may also be configured to remove or partially remove the spin finish from the elastic strands, such as disclosed for example in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2018/0168877 A1, which is incorporated by reference herein.
As previously mentioned, the apparatus 300 may include one or more unwinders 302 that may supply various quantities of elastic strands. In some configurations, the unwinders 302 herein may include from 1 to about 3000 spools positioned thereon, and thus, may have from 1 to about 3000 elastic strands 208 advancing therefrom, specifically reciting all 1 spool and strand increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby. In turn, the elastomeric laminates 200 herein may include from 1 to about 3000 elastic strands 208 spaced apart from each other in the cross direction CD, specifically reciting all 1 elastic strand increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby.
It is also to be appreciated that the apparatuses and processes may be configured such that elastic strands 208 may be advanced from the unwinders 302 and directly to the assembly process without having to touch additional machine components, such as for example, guide rollers. It is also to be appreciated that in some configurations, elastic strands 208 may be advanced from the unwinders 302 and may be redirected and/or otherwise touched by and/or redirected by machine components, such as for example guide rollers, before advancing to the assembly process.
As shown in
It is to be appreciated that different components may be used to construct the elastomeric laminates 200 in accordance with the methods and apparatuses herein. For example, the first and/or second substrates 204, 206 may include nonwovens and/or films. In addition, the elastic strands 208 may be configured in various ways and may have various decitex values. In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may be configured with decitex values ranging from about 10 decitex to about 500 decitex, specifically reciting all 1 decitex increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby.
As discussed above, it is to be appreciated that the elastomeric laminates 200 assembled herein may include various quantities of elastic strands 208 spaced apart from each other by various distances and may include various decitex values. For example, the elastomeric laminates 200 herein may have various elastic densities, wherein the elastic density may be defined as decitex per elastomeric laminate width. For example, some elastomeric laminates 200 may have an elastic density from about 30 decitex/mm to about 150 decitex/mm, specifically reciting all 1 decitex/mm increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby. In another example, the elastomeric laminates 200 herein may have various numbers of elastic strands arranged in the cross direction CD per meter of elastomeric laminate cross directional width. For example, some elastomeric laminates 200 may have from about 500 elastic strands/meter of elastomeric laminate width to about 2000 elastic strands/meter of elastomeric laminate width, specifically reciting all 1 elastic strand/meter increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby.
As shown in
It is to be appreciated that the adhesive applicator devices herein 334 be configured in various ways, such as for example, spray nozzles and/or slot coating devices. In some configurations, the adhesive applicator devices 334 may be configured in accordance with the apparatuses and/or methods disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,186,296; 9,265,672; 9,248,054; and 9,295,590 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014/0148773 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
It is to be appreciated that the elastic strands 208 may be joined to the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206 continuously or intermittently along the interface between the elastic strands 208 material and the substrates 204, 206. In some configurations, adhesive 334 may be applied intermittently on the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206 to create intermittent bonds along the lengths of the elastic strands 208 between the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206. It is to be appreciated that intermittent application of adhesive 334 may be created with spray nozzles and/or slot coat devices that apply intermittent patterns of adhesive 334. In some configurations, adhesive 334 may be applied intermittently along the length of the advancing elastic strands 208 to create intermittent bonds along the lengths of the elastic strands 208 between the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206. In some configurations, slot coat devices may be configured to continuously apply adhesive 334 at relatively low basis weights onto the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206, wherein the relatively low basis weights of adhesive results in the creation of intermittent bonding between the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206 along the lengths of the elastic strands 208. In some configurations, slot coat devices may be configured to continuously apply adhesive 334 at relatively high basis weights onto the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206, wherein the relatively high basis weights of adhesive results in the creation of continuous bonding between the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206 along the lengths of the elastic strands 208. In some configurations, adhesive 334 may be applied continuously along the length of the advancing elastic strands 208 to create continuous bonds along the lengths of the elastic strands 208 between the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206.
In some configurations, the apparatus 300 may include a mechanical bonding device that applies the mechanical bonds to the elastomeric laminate 200, such as for example, bonds that may be applied with heat, pressure, and/or ultrasonic devices. Examples of ultrasonic bonding devices, which may include linear or rotary type configurations, are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,113,225; 3,562,041; 3,733,238; 5,110,403; 6,036,796; 6,508,641; and 6,645,330. In some configurations, the ultrasonic bonding device may be configured as a linear oscillating type sonotrode, such as for example, available from Herrmann Ultrasonic, Inc. Additional examples of mechanical bonding devices and methods are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,854,984; 6,291,039; 6,248,195; 8,778,127; and 9,005,392; and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2014/0377513 A1; and 2014/0377506 A1, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. It is to be appreciated that the mechanical bonding device may apply mechanical bonds to the elastomeric laminate at or downstream of the nip 328. The mechanical bonding device may apply bonds that bond the first substrate 204, the second substrate 206, and/or elastic strands 208 together and/or may act to trap or immobilize discrete lengths of the contracted elastic strands 208 in the elastomeric laminate 200. It is also to be appreciated that the apparatuses herein may include one of, some of, or all of adhesive applicator devices 334a, 334b, 334c and mechanical bonding device mentioned herein. It is also to be appreciated that the elastic strands 208 may be bonded with the first substrate 204 and/or second substrate 206 with various methods and apparatuses to create various elastomeric laminates, such as described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2018/0168878 A1; 2018/0168877 A1; 2018/0168880 A1; 2018/0170027 A1; 2018/0169964 A1; 2018/0168879 A1; 2018/0170026 A1; 2018/0168889 A1; 2018/0168874 A1; 2018/0168875 A1; 2018/0168890 A1; 2018/0168887 A1; 2018/0168892 A1; 2018/0168876 A1; 2018/0168891 A1; 2019/0070042 A1; and 2019/0070041 A1 and combinations thereof, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
It is to be appreciated that the apparatuses 300 herein may be configured in various ways with various features described herein to assemble elastomeric laminates 200 having various stretch characteristics. For example, when the elastomeric laminate 200 is elongated, some elastic strands 208 may exert contraction forces in the machine direction MD that are different from contraction forces exerted by other elastic strands 208. Such differential stretch characteristics can be achieved by stretching some elastic strands 208 more or less than other elastic strands 208 before joining the elastic strands with the first and second substrates 204, 206. As discussed above, the spools of elastic strands 208 may be unwound from one or more unwinders 302 at different speeds from each other, and as such, the elastic strands 208 may be stretched more or less than each when combined with the first and second substrates. For example, as previously discussed, the first substrate 204 and the second substrate 206 may each advance at a speed S1. In some configurations, the some elastic strands 208 may advance at speed S2 that is less than the speed S1 are also different from the advancement speeds of other elastic strands. As such, some elastic strands 208 are stretched by different amounts in the machine direction MD when combined with the first and second substrates 204, 206.
As discussed herein, the elastic strands 208 may be pre-strained prior to joining the elastic strands 208 to the first or second substrate layers 204, 206. In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may be pre-strained from about 75% to about 300%, specifically reciting all 1% increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby. In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may be pre-strained from about 80% to about 250%, specifically reciting all 1% increments within the above-recited range and all ranges formed therein or thereby. Pre-strain refers to the strain imposed on an elastic or elastomeric material prior to combining it with another element of the elastomeric laminate or the absorbent article. Pre-strain is determined by the following equation: Pre-strain=((extended length of the elastic-relaxed length of the elastic)/relaxed length of the elastic)*100.
It is also to be appreciated that the elastic strands 208 may have various different material constructions and/or decitex values to create elastomeric laminates 200 having different stretch characteristics in different regions. In some configurations, the spools of elastic strands 208 having different decitex values may be positioned on and advanced from one or more unwinders 302. In some configurations, the elastomeric laminate 200 may have regions where the elastic strands 208 are spaced relatively close to one another in the cross direction CD and other regions where the elastic strands 208 are spaced relatively far apart from each other in the cross direction CD to create different stretch characteristics in different regions. In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may be supplied on the spool in a stretched state, and as such, may not require additional stretching (or may require relatively less additional stretching) before being combined with the first substrate 204 and/or the second substrate 206. In some configurations, differential stretch characteristics in an elastomeric laminate 200 may be created by bonding another substrate and/or elastomeric laminate and/or an elastic film to a particular region of an elastomeric laminate. In some configurations, differential stretch characteristics in an elastomeric laminate 200 may be created by folding a portion of an elastomeric laminate onto itself in a particular region of the elastomeric laminate.
In some configurations, the elastic strands 208 may be joined with the first and second substrates 204, 206 such that the elastomeric laminate 200 may have different stretch characteristics in different regions along the cross direction CD, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2006/0094319A1; 2006/0032578A1; 2018/0168878 A1; 2018/0168877 A1; 2018/0168880 A1; 2018/0170027 A1; 2018/0169964 A1; 2018/0168879 A1; 20180170026 A1; 2018/0168889 A1; 2018/0168874 A1; 2018/0168875 A1; 2018/0168890 A1; 2018/0168887 A1; 2018/0168892 A1; 2018/0168876 A1; 2018/0168891 A1; 2019/0070042 A1; and 2019/0070041 A1, which are all incorporated by reference herein. In some configurations, the elastomeric laminate 200 may include different tension zones that may help make some web handling operations less cumbersome, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0009940 A1, which is incorporated by reference herein.
As shown in
As shown in
It is also to be appreciated that in some configurations, the elastomeric laminate 200 may advance from the cutting device 500 and may then be accumulated as discussed above. In some configurations, the elastomeric laminate 200 may advance from the cutting device 500 and may be incorporated directly into an absorbent article assembly process. For example,
With continued reference to
It is to be appreciated that the high-stretch zones 400 and low-stretch zones 402 shown in the elastic laminate 200 shown in
It is to be appreciated that the descriptions provided above with respect to details relating to the low-stretch zones 400 described with reference to
As mentioned above, the knife roll 502 may include blades 510 extending radially outward to blade edges 604 adapted to rotate about the axis 514. As such, the blade edges 604 may be oriented to cut the elastic strands 208 and one or both of the first substrate 204 and the second substrate 206 to create cut lines 404 in the elastic laminate 200 that correspond with cut lines 404 and discrete elastic pieces 406 described above with reference to
It is to be appreciated that the blade edges 604 may be arranged in various orientations and sizes. For example, as shown in
In some configurations, the first elastic piece length 422a discussed above may be defined by a distance between blade edges 604 within the same row 610 or a distance between blade edges 604 in different rows 610. In some configurations, the second elastic piece length 422b may be defined only by a distance between blade edges 604 in different rows 610 as opposed to a distance between blade edges 604 within the same row 610.
It is also to be appreciated that the elastomeric laminate assembly operations herein may also be performed in conjunction with other operations. In some configurations, the elastomeric laminates 200 assembled with the methods and apparatuses herein may be subjected to various other manufacturing transformations before or after creating the low-stretch zones 402.
For example, as shown in
With continued reference to
It is to be appreciated that the cutting device 500 may be configured in various ways to create low-stretch zones having various orientations and positions on the elastic laminate 200. In some configurations, the low-stretch zones 402 may be positioned on the elastic laminate 200 to help prevent cut lines 404 from being positioned on edges of elastic laminates 200 to hep reduce or prevent edge fraying that may be caused by the cut lines 404. For example, as shown in
In some configurations, the knife roll 502 may include a group of blades 510 adapted to create low-stretch zones 402 in elastic laminates 200 having different widths in the cross direction CD without having to change the knife 502 to accommodate the different widths. For example, as shown in
As shown in
In some configurations, the rotational speeds of the knife roll 502 may be adjusted to create different machine direction MD lengths of low-stretch zones 402 in the elastic laminate 200. For example, the knife roll 502 rotating at a first rotational speed may create a low-stretch zone 402 having a first length in the machine direction MD in an elastic laminate 200 advancing at a first speed. In turn, the same knife roll 502 rotating at a second rotational speed higher than the first rotational speed may create a low-stretch zone 402 having a second length in the machine direction MD that is less than the first length in an elastic laminate 200 advancing at the same first speed.
It is to be appreciated that the absorbent articles 100 herein may be configured to include a disposal feature, such as disclosed in Patent Publication Nos. U.S. Pat. No. 7,867,208 B and EP 3716929 B, which are incorporated by reference herein. In some forms, the disposal feature may comprise a disposal tape that may be bonded with the first elastic belt 106 or the second elastic belt 108. The disposal tape may be secured to a diaper pant in a folded configuration. In use, an end portion of disposal tape may be pulled in a direction away from a soiled diaper to extend the disposal tape from the folded configuration. The soiled diaper may then be rolled-up onto itself and the extended disposal tape may be used to help secure the soiled diaper in a rolled-up configuration. In some configurations, such a disposal tape may be bonded to the first elastic belt 106 or the second elastic belt 108 partially or completely within a low stretch zone 402. However, a relatively high concentration of cut lines 404 located in a region where the disposal is bonded with the first elastic belt 106 or the second elastic belt 108 may result in a reduced bond strength between the disposal tape and the belt. As such, in some configurations, the low stretch zone 402 may include a disposal tape bond region 401 that helps provide a desired bond strength between the disposal tape and belt. In turn, the bond strength may be maintained to be high enough to withstand the forces exerted on the disposal tape bond region 401 when pulling the disposal tape from the folded to the extended configuration as well as when holding the diaper pant in a rolled-up configuration. As discussed in more detail below, the disposal tape bond region 401 may be configured with a relatively lower concentration of cut lines 404 than exist in the remainder of the low stretch zone 402. Such varying concentration of cut lines 404 may be created by corresponding variations in concentrations of blades 510 on a cutting roll 502.
Referring to
Referring to
By arranging the blades for providing the disposal tape bond region 401 in the manner discussed above with reference to
The Average Decitex Method is used to calculate the Average-Dtex on a length-weighted basis for elastic fibers present in an entire article, or in a specimen of interest extracted from an article. The decitex value is the mass in grams of a fiber present in 10,000 meters of that material in the relaxed state. The decitex value of elastic fibers or elastic laminates containing elastic fibers is often reported by manufacturers as part of a specification for an elastic fiber or an elastic laminate including elastic fibers. The Average-Dtex is to be calculated from these specifications if available. Alternatively, if these specified values are not known, the decitex value of an individual elastic fiber is measured by determining the cross-sectional area of a fiber in a relaxed state via a suitable microscopy technique such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), determining the composition of the fiber via Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and then using a literature value for density of the composition to calculate the mass in grams of the fiber present in 10,000 meters of the fiber. The manufacturer-provided or experimentally measured decitex values for the individual elastic fibers removed from an entire article, or specimen extracted from an article, are used in the expression below in which the length-weighted average of decitex value among elastic fibers present is determined.
The lengths of elastic fibers present in an article or specimen extracted from an article is calculated from overall dimensions of and the elastic fiber pre-strain ratio associated with components of the article with these or the specimen, respectively, if known. Alternatively, dimensions and/or elastic fiber pre-strain ratios are not known, an absorbent article or specimen extracted from an absorbent article is disassembled and all elastic fibers are removed. This disassembly can be done, for example, with gentle heating to soften adhesives, with a cryogenic spray (e.g., Quick-Freeze, Miller-Stephenson Company, Danbury, CT), or with an appropriate solvent that will remove adhesive but not swell, alter, or destroy elastic fibers. The length of each elastic fiber in its relaxed state is measured and recorded in millimeters (mm) to the nearest mm.
For each of the individual elastic fibers fi of relaxed length Li and fiber decitex value di (obtained either from the manufacturer's specifications or measured experimentally) present in an absorbent article, or specimen extracted from an absorbent article, the Average-Dtex for that absorbent article or specimen extracted from an absorbent article is defined as:
where n is the total number of elastic fibers present in an absorbent article or specimen extracted from an absorbent article. The Average-Dtex is reported to the nearest integer value of decitex (grams per 10 000 m).
If the decitex value of any individual fiber is not known from specifications, it is experimentally determined as described below, and the resulting fiber decitex value(s) are used in the above equation to determine Average-Dtex.
For each of the elastic fibers removed from an absorbent article or specimen extracted from an absorbent article according to the procedure described above, the length of each elastic fiber Lk in its relaxed state is measured and recorded in millimeters (mm) to the nearest mm. Each elastic fiber is analyzed via FT-IR spectroscopy to determine its composition, and its density ρk is determined from available literature values. Finally, each fiber is analyzed via SEM. The fiber is cut in three approximately equal locations perpendicularly along its length with a sharp blade to create a clean cross-section for SEM analysis. Three fiber segments with these cross sections exposed are mounted on an SEM sample holder in a relaxed state, sputter coated with gold, introduced into an SEM for analysis, and imaged at a resolution sufficient to clearly elucidate fiber cross sections. Fiber cross sections are oriented as perpendicular as possible to the detector to minimize any oblique distortion in the measured cross sections. Fiber cross sections may vary in shape, and some fibers may consist of a plurality of individual filaments. Regardless, the area of each of the three fiber cross sections is determined (for example, using diameters for round fibers, major and minor axes for elliptical fibers, and image analysis for more complicated shapes), and the average of the three areas ak for the elastic fiber, in units of micrometers squared (μm2), is recorded to the nearest 0.1 μm2. The decitex dx of the kth elastic fiber measured is calculated by:
where dk is in units of grams (per calculated 10,000 meter length), ak is in units of μm2, and ρk is in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). For any elastic fiber analyzed, the experimentally determined Lk and de values are subsequently used in the expression above for Average-Dtex.
Using a ruler calibrated against a certified NIST ruler and accurate to 0.5 mm, measure the distance between the two distal strands within a section to the nearest 0.5 mm, and then divide by the number of strands in that section—1
The Average-Pre-Strain of a specimen are measured on a constant rate of extension tensile tester (a suitable instrument is the MTS Insight using Testworks 4.0 Software, as available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, MN) using a load cell for which the forces measured are within 1% to 90% of the limit of the cell. Articles are conditioned at 23° C.±2 C.° and 50%±2% relative humidity for 2 hours prior to analysis and then tested under the same environmental conditions.
Program the tensile tester to perform an elongation to break after an initial gage length adjustment. First raise the cross head at 10 mm/min up to a force of 0.05N. Set the current gage to the adjusted gage length. Raise the crosshead at a rate of 100 mm/min until the specimen breaks (force drops 20% after maximum peak force). Return the cross head to its original position. Force and extension data is acquired at a rate of 100 Hz throughout the experiment.
Set the nominal gage length to 40 mm using a calibrated caliper block and zero the crosshead. Insert the specimen into the upper grip such that the middle of the test strip is positioned 20 mm below the grip. The specimen may be folded perpendicular to the pull axis, and placed in the grip to achieve this position. After the grip is closed the excess material can be trimmed. Insert the specimen into the lower grips and close. Once again, the strip can be folded, and then trimmed after the grip is closed. Zero the load cell. The specimen should have a minimal slack but less than 0.05 N of force on the load cell. Start the test program.
From the data construct a Force (N) verses Extension (mm). The Average-Pre-Strain is calculated from the bend in the curve corresponding to the extension at which the nonwovens in the elastic are engaged. Plot two lines, corresponding to the region of the curve before the bend (primarily the elastics), and the region after the bend (primarily the nonwovens). Read the extension at which these two lines intersect, and calculate the % Pre-Strain from the extension and the corrected gage length. Record as % Pre-strain 0.1%. Calculate the arithmetic mean of three replicate samples for each elastomeric laminate and Average-Pre-Strain to the nearest 0.1%.
A1. An absorbent article comprising: a body facing surface and a garment facing surface; a front waist region and a back waist region, the back waist region separated from the front waist region by a crotch region, the front waist region comprising a front waist edge, and the back waist region comprising a back waist edge, wherein a longitudinal axis extends perpendicularly through the front waist edge and the back waist edge, and wherein a lateral axis extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis; an absorbent assembly extending longitudinally through the crotch region between the front waist region and the back waist region, the absorbent assembly positioned between the body facing surface and the garment facing surface; wherein at least one of the front waist region and the back waist region comprises: an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate; a first high-stretch zone and a second high-stretch zone separated laterally by a low-stretch zone, wherein the first and second high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material; wherein the low-stretch zone comprises cut lines separating the elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces; wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length; and wherein each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the lateral axis that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.
B1. The absorbent article according to paragraph A1, wherein the cut lines penetrate through the elastic material, the first substrate, and the second substrate.
C1. The absorbent article according to either paragraph A1 or B1, wherein the wherein the cut lines are arranged in rows comprising at least a first row and a second row neighboring the first row.
D1. The absorbent article according to paragraph C1, wherein the first length of the first discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending laterally between neighboring cut lines in the first row.
E1. The absorbent article according to paragraph D1, wherein the second length of the second discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending laterally between cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row.
F1. The absorbent article according to paragraph E1, wherein a ratio of the second length to the first length is about 2:1.
G1. The absorbent article according to paragraph E1, wherein cut lines in the first row and the second row extend for a length from a first end to a second end; and wherein cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row are parallel to each other and wherein the first ends of cut lines in the first row and the first ends of cut lines in the second row are aligned along first reference lines that are oriented to define a row angle relative to the lateral axis that is less than 90 degrees and greater than 45 degrees.
H1. The absorbent article according to paragraph G1, wherein the second ends of cut lines in the first row and the second ends of cut lines in the second row are aligned along second reference lines.
I1. The absorbent article according to paragraph H1, wherein the second reference lines are parallel to the first reference lines.
J1. The absorbent article according to paragraph I1, wherein the second reference line of the first row is separated from the first reference line of the second row by a row gap distance.
K1. The absorbent article according to paragraph J1, wherein the row gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
L1. The absorbent article according to paragraph G1, wherein the length of each cut line in the first row and the second row is about 4 mm.
M1. The absorbent article according to paragraph C1, wherein the cut lines in the first row are separated from each other by a cut line gap distance.
N1. The absorbent article according to paragraph M1, wherein the cut line gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
O1. The absorbent article according to any one of paragraphs A1 to N1, wherein the elastic material comprises elastic strands and wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise first discrete pieces of elastic strands and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise second discrete pieces of elastic strands.
P1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein the elastic strands, the first discrete pieces of elastic strands, and the second discrete pieces of elastic strands are continuously bonded with at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
Q1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein the elastic strands, the first discrete pieces of elastic strands, and the second discrete pieces of elastic strands are intermittently bonded with at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
R1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein the elastic strands, the first discrete pieces of elastic strands, and the second discrete pieces of elastic strands are bonded with adhesive applied to at least one of the first substrate, the second substrate, and the elastic strands.
S1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein the elastic strands are parallel with the lateral axis.
T1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein elastic strands comprise an Average-Strand-Spacing from about 0.25 mm to about 4 mm and an Average-Dtex from about 10 to about 500.
U1. The absorbent article according to paragraph O1, wherein the elastic strands comprise an Average-Pre-Strain from about 75% to about 300%.
V1. The absorbent article according to any one of paragraphs A1 to U1, further comprising a chassis comprising a topsheet and a backsheet with the absorbent assembly positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet.
W1. The absorbent article according to paragraph V1, the chassis further comprising a first end region and a second end region longitudinally separated from the first end region by the crotch region; and wherein the first end region of the chassis is connected to at least one of the front waist region and the back waist region in the low-stretch zone.
X1. The absorbent article according to paragraph W1, wherein the front waist region comprises a first belt and the back waist region comprises a second belt, wherein the first belt is separated longitudinally from the second belt.
Y1. The absorbent article according to any one of paragraphs A1 to X1, wherein the second substrate extends longitudinally from the front waist edge to the back waist edge.
Z1. The absorbent article according to any one of paragraphs A1 to Y1, wherein laterally opposing end portions of the front waist region are connected with laterally opposing end portions of the back waist region to form a waist opening.
ZZ1. The absorbent article according to paragraph Z1, wherein the laterally opposing end portions of the front waist region are refastenably connected with the laterally opposing end portions of the back waist region.
A2. A method for assembling absorbent articles, the method comprising steps of: providing an elastic laminate, the elastic laminate comprising an elastic material positioned between and connected with a first substrate and a second substrate; advancing the elastic laminate in a machine direction; cutting the elastic material along cut lines to create low-stretch zones in the elastic laminate such that high-stretch zones are separated from each other in the machine direction by the low-stretch zones, wherein the high-stretch zones are elasticated by the elastic material, and wherein the cut lines in the low-stretch zones separate the elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces, wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length; and wherein each cut line is oriented to define an offset angle relative to the machine direction that is greater than 0 degrees and less than 45 degrees.
B2. The method according to paragraph A2, further comprising steps of: providing chassis that comprise a body facing surface and a garment facing surface, and an absorbent core positioned between the body facing surface and the garment facing surface, the chassis further comprising a first end region and a second end region separated in a cross direction from the first end region by the crotch region; and bonding first end regions with low-stretch zones of the elastic laminate.
C2. The method according to either paragraphs A2 or B2, wherein the cut lines penetrate through the elastic material, the first substrate, and the second substrate.
D2. The method according to any of paragraphs A2 to C2, wherein the wherein the cut lines are arranged in rows comprising at least a first row and a second row neighboring the first row.
E2. The method according to paragraph D2, wherein the first length of the first discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending in the machine direction between neighboring cut lines in the first row.
F2. The method according to paragraph E2, wherein the second length of the second discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending in the machine direction between cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row.
G2. The method according to paragraph F2, wherein a ratio of the second length to the first length is 2:1.
H2. The method according to paragraph G2, wherein cut lines in the first row and the second row extend for a length from a first end to a second end; and wherein cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row are parallel to each other and wherein the first ends of cut lines in the first row and the first ends of cut lines in the second row are aligned along first reference lines that are oriented to define a row angle relative to the machine direction that is less than 90 degrees and greater than 45 degrees.
I2. The method according to paragraph H2, wherein the second ends of cut lines in the first row and the second ends of cut lines in the second row are aligned along second reference lines.
J2. The method according to paragraph I2, wherein the second reference lines are parallel to the first reference lines.
K2. The method according to paragraph J2, wherein the second reference line of the first row is separated from the first reference line of the second row by a row gap distance.
L2. The method according to paragraph K2, wherein the row gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
M2. The method according to paragraph H2, wherein the length of each cut line in the first row and the second row is about 4 mm.
N2. The method according to any of paragraphs A2 to M2, wherein the cut lines in the first row are separated from each other by a cut line gap distance.
O2. The method according to paragraph N2, wherein the cut line gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
P2. The method according to any of paragraphs A2 to O2, wherein the step of providing the elastic laminate further comprises bonding the elastic material between the first substrate and the second substrate.
Q2. The method according to paragraph P2, wherein the elastic material comprises elastic strands and wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise first discrete pieces of elastic strands and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise second discrete pieces of elastic strands.
R2. The method according to paragraph Q2, wherein the step of providing the elastic laminate further comprises continuously bonding the elastic material along the machine direction with at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate.
S2. The method according to paragraph P2, wherein elastic strands comprise an Average-Strand-Spacing from about 0.25 mm to about 4 mm and an Average-Dtex from about 10 to about 500.
T2. The method according to paragraph P2, wherein the elastic strands comprise an Average-Pre-Strain from about 75% to about 300%.
A3. An apparatus for cutting elastic material into first discrete pieces and second discrete pieces, wherein the first discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a first length and wherein the second discrete pieces of elastic material comprise a second length, wherein the second length is greater than the first length, the apparatus comprising: a roll adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation extending in an axial direction; wherein the roll comprises blades extending radially outward from the axis of rotation and being arranged circumferentially about the axis of rotation; the blades oriented to define an offset angle relative to the axis of rotation that is greater than 45 degrees and less than 90 degrees; wherein the wherein the blades are arranged in rows comprising at least a first row and a second row neighboring the first row; wherein the first length of the first discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending circumferentially between neighboring blades in the first row and wherein the second length of the second discrete pieces of elastic material is defined by a distance extending circumferentially between cut lines in the first row and cut lines in the second row.
B3. The apparatus according to paragraph A3, wherein a ratio of the second length to the first length is 2:1.
C3. The apparatus according to paragraph A3, wherein blades in the first row and the second row extend for a length from a first end to a second end; and wherein blades in the first row and blades in the second row are parallel to each other and wherein the first ends of blades in the first row and the first ends of blades in the second row are aligned along first reference lines that are oriented to define a row angle relative to the axis of rotation that is less than 45 degrees and greater than 0 degrees.
D3. The apparatus according to paragraph C3, wherein the second ends of blades in the first row and the second ends of blades in the second row are aligned along second reference lines.
E3. The apparatus according to paragraph D3, wherein the second reference lines are parallel to the first reference lines.
F3. The apparatus according to paragraph E3, wherein the second reference line of the first row is separated from the first reference line of the second row by a row gap distance.
G3. The apparatus according to paragraph E3, wherein the row gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
H3. The apparatus according to paragraph C3, wherein the length of blades in the first row and the second row is about 4 mm.
I3. The apparatus according to any one of paragraphs A3 to H3, wherein the blades in the first row are separated from each other by a blade gap distance.
J3. The apparatus according to paragraph I3, wherein the blade gap distance is about 1.9 mm.
Components of the absorbent articles described herein may at least partially be comprised of bio-based content as described in U.S. Pat. Appl. No. 2007/0219521A1. For example, the superabsorbent polymer component may be bio-based via their derivation from bio-based acrylic acid. Bio-based acrylic acid and methods of production are further described in U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2007/0219521 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,703,450; 9,630,901 and 9,822,197. Other components, for example nonwoven and film components, may comprise bio-based polyolefin materials. Bio-based polyolefins are further discussed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. Nos. 2011/0139657, 2011/0139658, 2011/0152812, and 2016/0206774, and U.S. Pat. No. 9,169,366. Example bio-based polyolefins for use in the present disclosure comprise polymers available under the designations SHA7260™, SHE150™, or SGM9450F™ (all available from Braskem S. A.).
An absorbent article component may comprise a bio-based content value from about 10% to about 100%, from about 25% to about 100%, from about 40% to about 100%, from about 50% to about 100%, from about 75% to about 100%, or from about 90% to about 100%, for example, using ASTM D6866-10, method B.
Components of the absorbent articles described herein may be recycled for other uses, whether they are formed, at least in part, from recyclable materials. Examples of absorbent article materials that may be recycled are nonwovens, films, fluff pulp, and superabsorbent polymers. The recycling process may use an autoclave for sterilizing the absorbent articles, after which the absorbent articles may be shredded and separated into different byproduct streams. Example byproduct streams may comprise plastic, superabsorbent polymer, and cellulose fiber, such as pulp. These byproduct streams may be used in the production of fertilizers, plastic articles of manufacture, paper products, viscose, construction materials, absorbent pads for pets or on hospital beds, and/or for other uses. Further details regarding absorbent articles that aid in recycling, designs of recycle friendly diapers, and designs of recycle friendly and bio-based component diapers, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. No. 2019/0192723, published on Jun. 27, 2019.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
This application is a continuation of PCT/CN2022/131361, filed on Nov. 11, 2022, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/281,113, filed Nov. 19, 2021, both are incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63281113 | Nov 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2022/131361 | Nov 2022 | WO |
| Child | 18632582 | US |
