Patent Application
20200054496
The present disclosure is generally directed to absorbent articles designed and configured to leverage a greater amount of bio-based materials and/or to minimize the inclusion of unwanted materials towards providing a more pure end product to consumers desiring the same.
The vast majority of commercially available absorbent articles, such as diapers, contain a significant amount of petrochemicals. For example, most mass-produced diapers include fibrous outer layers that contain at least some petroleum-based fibers and a liquid barrier layer made from a petroleum-based film. This segment of absorbent articles also typically contains lotions on the wearer-facing surface, and include fragrances or perfumes for positive scent experiences. There are however a few small manufacturers that are beginning to offer absorbent articles that are touted to be “eco-friendly,” with benefits for the environment and/or the wearer of the absorbent article. Some eco-friendly diapers are chlorine-free, lotion-free, and fragrance free, so as to be more “natural” of a product. Unsurprisingly, the eco-friendly diapers focus on benefits to the wearer; for example, they can contain a wearer-facing surface that is free of lotions and include natural fibers or other materials. However, caregivers of minors or non-ambulatory adults also have significant contact with the absorbent articles from the non-wearer facing surface as they hold the minors and/or change the absorbent articles. Thus, there is need for absorbent articles that contain natural or bio-based materials and/or that are devoid of unwanted materials in close proximity of both of its outer-facing surfaces and not just the wearer-facing surface.
As noted above, some commercially-available eco-friendly diapers are fragrance free as perfume raw materials and fragrance compositions can be skin sensitizers to some individuals. Without any fragrance added to the diapers however, the remaining fibrous and film-based components can have an inherent odor that, while not unsafe for wearers of the diapers, can be off-putting to caregivers. Thus, there is need for absorbent articles that contain bio-based materials and/or that are devoid of masking fragrances that also do not have an undesirable odor.
The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of the present disclosure, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the disclosure itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of example forms of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Various non-limiting forms of the present disclosure will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the absorbent articles disclosed herein. One or more examples of these non-limiting forms are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the absorbent articles described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting example forms and that the scope of the various non-limiting forms of the present disclosure are defined solely by the claims. The features illustrated or described in connection with one non-limiting form may be combined with the features of other non-limiting forms. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
“Absorbent article” means devices that absorb and/or contain liquid. Wearable absorbent articles are absorbent articles placed against or in close proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain various exudates discharged from the body. Non-limiting examples of wearable absorbent articles include diapers, pant-like or pull-on diapers, training pants, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, incontinence devices (liners, pads, and briefs), and the like.
“Animal-based fibers” includes wool, hair, and secretions, such as silk.
“Bio-based content” refers to the amount of carbon from a renewable resource in a material as a percent of the mass of the total organic carbon in the material, as determined by ASTM D6866-10, method B. In order to apply the methodology of ASTM D6866-10 to determine the bio-based content of any absorbent article or component thereof, a sample can be ground into particulates less than about 20 mesh using known grinding methods (e.g., WILEY mill), and a representative sample of suitable mass taken from the randomly mixed particles. Alternatively, if the sample is merely a layer of material, then the layer itself can be analyzed without the need for a pre-grinding step. Note that any carbon from inorganic sources such as calcium carbonate is not included in determining the bio-based content of the material. See additional information below for measuring bio-sourced content in polymers. Components of the absorbent articles described in this specification can at least partially be comprised of bio-sourced content as described in the following U.S. Published Patent Applications Nos.: U.S. 2007/0219521, U.S. 2011/0139658, U.S. 2011/0139657, U.S. 2011/0152812, U.S. 2011/0139662, and U.S. 2011/0139659.
Absorbent articles of the present disclosure may be “devoid of” or “free of” particular undesirable materials, ingredients, or characteristics in some forms. “Devoid of,” “free of” and the like, as those terms are used herein, can mean the absorbent article does not have more than trace amounts of background levels of the material, ingredient, or characteristic following these qualifiers; the amount of the material or ingredient does not cause harm or irritation that consumers typically associate with the material or ingredient; or the material or ingredient was not added to the absorbent article intentionally. In some instances, “devoid of” and “free of” can mean there is no measurable amount of the material or ingredient. For example, the absorbent article in some forms contain no measurable amounts of chlorine—that is, the article is characterized as being totally chlorine free.
“Naturally-derived” materials includes materials that are partially chemically altered without petroleum components and that have been minimally processed such that they not be altered to such an extent that they are substantially less biodegradable or more toxic.
“Natural fibers” refers to elongated substances produced by plants and animals and includes animal-based fibers and plant-based fibers, as those categories are described herein. Natural fibers, as that term is used herein, include fibers harvested without any post-harvest treatment step as well as those having a post-treatment step, such as, for example, washing, scouring, bleaching.
“Plant-based fibers”, as that term is used herein, includes both harvested fibers and synthetic fibers that comprise bio-based content. Harvested plant-based fibers include cellulosic matter, such as wood pulp; seed hairs, such as cotton; stem (or bast) fibers, such as flax and hemp; leaf fibers, such as sisal; and husk fibers, such as coconut.
“Renewable resource” refers to a natural resource that can be replenished within a 100 year time frame. The resource may be replenished naturally, or via agricultural techniques. Renewable resources include plants, animals, fish, bacteria, fungi, and forestry products. They may be naturally occurring hybrids, or genetically engineered organisms.
Validation of Polymers Derived from Renewable Resources
A suitable validation technique is through 14C analysis. A small amount of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is radioactive. This 14C carbon dioxide is created when nitrogen is struck by an ultra-violet light produced neutron, causing the nitrogen to lose a proton and form carbon of molecular weight 14 which is immediately oxidized to carbon dioxide. This radioactive isotope represents a small but measurable fraction of atmospheric carbon. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is cycled by green plants to make organic molecules during photosynthesis. The cycle is completed when the green plants or other forms of life metabolize the organic molecules, thereby producing carbon dioxide which is released back to the atmosphere. Virtually all forms of life on Earth depend on this green plant production of organic molecules to grow and reproduce. Therefore, the 14C that exists in the atmosphere becomes part of all life forms, and their biological products. In contrast, fossil fuel based carbon does not have the signature radiocarbon ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Assessment of the renewably based carbon in a material can be performed through standard test methods. Using radiocarbon and isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, the bio-based content of materials can be determined. ASTM International, formally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, has established a standard method for assessing the bio-based content of materials. The ASTM method is designated ASTM D6866-10.
The application of ASTM D6866-10 to derive a “bio-based content” is built on the same concepts as radiocarbon dating, but without use of the age equations. The analysis is performed by deriving a ratio of the amount of organic radiocarbon (14C) in an unknown sample to that of a modern reference standard. The ratio is reported as a percentage with the units “pMC” (percent modern carbon).
The modern reference standard used in radiocarbon dating is a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard with a known radiocarbon content equivalent approximately to the year AD 1950. AD 1950 was chosen since it represented a time prior to thermo-nuclear weapons testing which introduced large amounts of excess radiocarbon into the atmosphere with each explosion (termed “bomb carbon”). The AD 1950 reference represents 100 pMC.
“Bomb carbon” in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal levels in 1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty halting the testing. Its distribution within the atmosphere has been approximated since its appearance, showing values that are greater than 100 pMC for plants and animals living since AD 1950. It's gradually decreased over time with today's value being near 107.5 pMC. This means that a fresh biomass material such as corn could give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC.
Combining fossil carbon with present day carbon into a material will result in a dilution of the present day pMC content. By presuming 107.5 pMC represents present day biomass materials and 0 pMC represents petroleum derivatives, the measured pMC value for that material will reflect the proportions of the two component types. A material derived 100% from present day soybeans would give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC. If that material was diluted with 50% petroleum derivatives, for example, it would give a radiocarbon signature near 54 pMC (assuming the petroleum derivatives have the same percentage of carbon as the soybeans).
A bio-based content result is derived by assigning 100% equal to 107.5 pMC and 0% equal to 0 pMC. In this regard, a sample measuring 99 pMC will give an equivalent bio-based content value of 92%.
Assessment of the materials described herein can be done in accordance with ASTM D6866. The mean values quoted in this report encompasses an absolute range of 6% (plus and minus 3% on either side of the bio-based content value) to account for variations in end-component radiocarbon signatures. It is presumed that all materials are present day or fossil in origin and that the bio-based content result is the amount of bio-based component “present” in the material.
An example absorbent article 10 according to the present disclosure, shown in the form of a taped diaper, is represented in
The absorbent article 10 may comprise a front waist region 12, a crotch region 14, and a back waist region 16. The crotch region 14 may extend intermediate the front waist region 12 and the back waist region 16. The front wait region 12, the crotch region 14, and the back waist region 16 may each be ⅓ of the length of the absorbent article 10. The absorbent article 10 may comprise a front end edge 18, a back end edge 20 opposite to the front end edge 18, and longitudinally extending, transversely opposed side edges 22 and 24 defined by the chassis 52.
The absorbent article 10 may comprise a liquid permeable topsheet 26, a liquid impermeable backsheet 28, and an absorbent core 30 positioned at least partially intermediate the topsheet 26 and the backsheet 28. The absorbent article 10 may also comprise one or more pairs of barrier leg cuffs 32 with or without elastics 33, one or more pairs of leg elastics 34, one or more elastic waistbands 36, and/or one or more acquisition materials 38. The acquisition material or materials 38 may be positioned intermediate the topsheet 26 and the absorbent core 30. An outer cover material 40, such as a nonwoven material, may cover a garment-facing side of the backsheet 28. The absorbent article 10 may comprise back ears 42 in the back waist region 16. The back ears 42 may comprise fasteners 46 and may extend from the back waist region 16 of the absorbent article 10 and attach (using the fasteners 46) to the landing zone area or landing zone material 44 on a garment-facing portion of the front waist region 12 of the absorbent article 10. The absorbent article 10 may also have front ears 47 in the front waist region 12. The absorbent article 10 may have a central lateral (or transverse) axis 48 and a central longitudinal axis 50. The central lateral axis 48 extends perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 50.
In other instances, the absorbent article may be in the form of a pant having permanent or refastenable side seams. Suitable refastenable seams are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2014/0005020 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,421,137. Referring to
Referring to
The front and back inner belt layers 66, 67 and the front and back outer belt layers 64, 65 may be joined using adhesives, heat bonds, pressure bonds or thermoplastic bonds. Various suitable belt layer configurations can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,632.
Front and back belt end edges 55 and 57 may extend longitudinally beyond the front and back chassis end edges 19 and 21 (as shown in
As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,901,393, the longitudinal length (along the central longitudinal axis 50) of the back belt 56 may be greater than the longitudinal length of the front belt 54, and this may be particularly useful for increased buttocks coverage when the back belt 56 has a greater longitudinal length versus the front belt 54 adjacent to or immediately adjacent to the side seams 58.
The front outer belt layer 64 and the back outer belt layer 65 may be separated from each other, such that the layers are discrete or, alternatively, these layers may be continuous, such that a layer runs continuously from the front belt end edge 55 to the back belt end edge 57. This may also be true for the front and back inner belt layers 66 and 67—that is, they may also be longitudinally discrete or continuous. Further, the front and back outer belt layers 64 and 65 may be longitudinally continuous while the front and back inner belt layers 66 and 67 are longitudinally discrete, such that a gap is formed between them—a gap between the front and back inner and outer belt layers 64, 65, 66, and 67 is shown in
The front and back belts 54 and 56 may include slits, holes, and/or perforations providing increased breathability, softness, and a garment-like texture. Underwear-like appearance can be enhanced by substantially aligning the waist and leg edges at the side seams 58 (see
The front and back belts 54 and 56 may comprise graphics (see e.g., 78 of
Alternatively, instead of attaching belts 54 and 56 to the chassis 52 to form a pant, discrete side panels may be attached to side edges of the chassis 22 and 24. Suitable forms of pants comprising discrete side panels are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,645,190; 8,747,379; 8,372,052; 8,361,048; 6,761,711; 6,817,994; 8,007,485; 7,862,550; 6,969,377; 7,497,851; 6,849,067; 6,893,426; 6,953,452; 6,840,928; 8,579,876; 7,682,349; 7,156,833; and 7,201,744.
The topsheet 26 is the outermost layer of the absorbent article 10 that is in contact with the wearer's skin. The topsheet 26 may be joined to portions of the backsheet 28, the absorbent core 30, the barrier leg cuffs 32, and/or any other layers as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The topsheet 26 may be compliant, soft-feeling, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin. Further, at least a portion of, or all of, the topsheet may be liquid permeable, permitting liquid bodily exudates to readily penetrate through its thickness. A suitable topsheet may be manufactured from a wide range of materials, such as porous foams, reticulated foams, apertured plastic films, woven materials, nonwoven materials, woven or nonwoven materials of natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers or filaments (e.g., polyester or polypropylene or bicomponent PE/PP fibers or mixtures thereof), or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers.
The topsheet may be a nonwoven material having one or multiple formed layers comprising plant-based fibers other than wood pulp. The nonwoven can be made through well-known techniques; for example, the nonwoven can be a spunbond, or be a carded and air-through or calendar bonded nonwoven. The plant-based fibers can also be spun fibers made at least in part from bio-based materials. For example, the plant-based fibers can be spun starch fibers or bio-based polyolefin spun fibers. And the plant-based fibers can be single component fibers or multi-component fibers wherein less than all of the components are plant-based fibers. One example is a bi-component fiber comprising a polyester core component and a bio-based polyethylene sheath component.
The topsheet may have one or more layers. The topsheet may be apertured (
The topsheet may be a dual layer, spunbond nonwoven web. Each of the layers has a basis weight from about 10 gsm to about 25 gsm or 35 gsm. One layer may have similar or different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity profiles compared to the other layer. In another form the topsheet is an air through carded nonwoven web comprising a blend (e.g., 50-50 weight percent) of polyester fibers and bio-based polyethylene fibers. The basis weight of such a nonwoven is typically about 20 gsm, 25 gsm, 35 gsm, or 40 gsm.
Many commercially-available absorbent articles comprise a skin care composition on at least a portion of the topsheet; and these compositions tend to contain petrolatum or other petroleum-based materials as their main component. The topsheet may be devoid of a lotion or skin care composition. However, a skin care composition or lotion can optionally be added to the topsheet. And if one is, it is preferred, but not required, to employ a composition based upon natural or naturally-derived materials such as fats, oils or waxes, for example. The optional lotions can comprise vegetable oils, algae oils, bacterial derived oils, and animal fats), combinations of theses, and the like. Representative examples of vegetable oils include argan oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soy-bean oil, sunflower oil, high oleoyl soy-bean oil, high oleoyl sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, castor oil, high oloeyl sunflower oil, high oleoyl soybean oil, high erucic rape oils, Jatropha oil, combinations of theses, and the like. Representative examples of animal fats include lard, tallow, chicken fat, yellow grease, fish oil, combinations of these, and the like. A representative example of a synthesized oil includes tall oil, which is a byproduct of wood pulp manufacture. Additional suitable lotion compositions derived from renewable resources are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2013/0144239.
The topsheet may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic or may have hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic portions or layers. If the topsheet is hydrophobic, typically apertures will be present so that bodily exudates may pass through the topsheet.
The backsheet 28 is generally that portion of the absorbent article 10 positioned proximate to the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core 30. The backsheet 28 may be joined to portions of the topsheet 26, the outer cover material 40, the absorbent core 30, and/or any other layers of the absorbent article by any attachment methods known to those of skill in the art. The backsheet 28 prevents, or at least inhibits, the bodily exudates absorbed and contained in the absorbent core 10 from soiling articles such as bedsheets, undergarments, and/or clothing. The backsheet is typically liquid impermeable, or at least substantially liquid impermeable. The backsheet may, for example, be or comprise a thin plastic film, such as a thermoplastic film having a thickness of about 0.012 mm to about 0.051 mm. Other suitable backsheet materials may include breathable materials which permit vapors to escape from the absorbent article, while still preventing, or at least inhibiting, bodily exudates from passing through the backsheet. Backsheet films can optionally comprise bio-based materials, such as, for example, bio-based polyethylene.
The outer cover material (sometimes referred to as a backsheet nonwoven) 40 may comprise one or more nonwoven materials joined to the backsheet 28 and that covers the backsheet 28. The outer cover material is typically the outermost layer facing outward—i.e., towards garments or undergarments when present and away from the wearer-s skin. A caregiver interacts significantly with the outer cover material when holding/comforting the wearer and/or changing the absorbent articles. The outer cover material 40 forms at least a portion of the garment-facing surface 2 of the absorbent article 10 and effectively “covers” the backsheet 28 so that film is not present on the garment-facing surface 2. The outer cover material 40 may comprise a bond pattern, apertures, and/or three-dimensional features. The outer cover material may comprise a carded nonwoven or a multi-layered nonwoven comprising carded layers and one or more spunbond layers.
The nonwoven can comprise a combination of plant-based fibers and synthetic fibers that are not plant-based. For example, the nonwoven can comprise both polypropylene fibers and cotton fibers; see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2017/0203542. The cotton content can range from about 3%, 5%, 10%, or 15% to about 50%, by weight of the nonwoven. When synthetic fibers such as polypropylene are employed, it is preferred that the polypropylene be non-phthalate catalyst polypropylene fibers.
The outer cover material may comprise a hydroentangled, dual layer nonwoven web, wherein one layer comprises a polypropylene spunbond web having a basis weight in the range of from about 5 to 15 gsm, and the other layer comprises a carded nonwoven web comprising cotton fibers and a basis weight in the range of from about 10 to about 25 gsm. The outer cover material may comprise an air through carded nonwoven web comprising a blend of polypropylene fibers and cotton fibers. The cotton fibers can be included in these nonwoven webs in an amount of about 5%, 10%, or 15% to about 20%, 30%, or 50%, by weight of the overall nonwoven web.
As used herein, the term “absorbent core” 30 refers to the component of the absorbent article 10 having the most absorbent capacity and that comprises an absorbent material. Referring to
The absorbent material may comprise superabsorbent polymers (also known as absorbent gelling materials of “agm”), a mixture of superabsorbent polymers and air felt, only air felt, and/or a high internal phase emulsion foam. In some instances, the absorbent material may comprise at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or up to 100% superabsorbent polymers, by weight of the absorbent material. In such instances, the absorbent material may free of air felt, or at least mostly free of air felt. The absorbent core periphery, which may be the periphery of the core wrap, may define any suitable shape, such as rectangular “T,” “Y,” “hour-glass,” or “dog-bone” shaped, for example. An absorbent core periphery having a generally “dog bone” or “hour-glass” shape may taper along its width towards the crotch region 14 of the absorbent article 10.
Referring to
In some particular examples, the superabsorbent polymers of the core absorbent material may comprise a bio-based acrylic acid. Bio-based acrylic acid and methods of production are further described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. U.S. 2007/0219521 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,703,450 and 9,630,901. The superabsorbent polymers of the present disclosure may have a bio-based content of from about 5% to about 100%, from about 10% to about 100%, from about 25% to about 100%, from about 40% to about 100%, from about 50% to about 100%, from about 75% to about 100%, or from about 90% to about 100%.
Referring to
The barrier leg cuffs 32 are delimited by a proximal edge joined directly or indirectly to the topsheet and/or the backsheet and a free terminal edge, which is intended to contact and form a seal with the wearer's skin. The barrier leg cuffs 32 may extend at least partially between the front end edge 18 and the back end edge 20 of the absorbent article 10 on opposite sides of the central longitudinal axis 50 and may be at least present in the crotch region 14.
The barrier leg cuffs 32 may each comprise one or more elastics 33 (e.g., elastic strands or strips) near or at the free terminal edge. These elastics 33 cause the barrier leg cuffs 32 to help form a seal around the legs and torso of a wearer. The leg elastics 34 extend at least partially between the front end edge 18 and the back end edge 20. The leg elastics 34 essentially cause portions of the absorbent article 10 proximate to the chassis side edges 22, 24 to help form a seal around the legs of the wearer. The leg elastics 34 may extend at least within the crotch region 14. The leg elastics preferably are latex-free.
Referring to
Referring to
In some instances, portions of the acquisition/distribution materials 38 may extend through portions of the topsheet 26, portions of the topsheet 26 may extend through portions of the acquisition materials 38, and/or the topsheet 26 may be nested with the acquisition/distribution materials 38. Typically, an acquisition/distribution material 38 may have a width and length that are smaller than the width and length of the topsheet 26. The acquisition/distribution material may be a secondary topsheet in the feminine pad context. The acquisition/distribution material may have one or more channels as described above with reference to the absorbent core 30 (including the embossed version). The channels in the acquisition/distribution material may align or not align with channels in the absorbent core 30. In an example, a first acquisition/distribution material may comprise a nonwoven material and as second acquisition/distribution material may comprise a cross-linked cellulosic material.
Referring to
Referring to
The wetness indicator may comprise a color changing composition based upon a pH change when contacted with a chemical compound typically contained in urine. The color changing composition can be devoid of poly aromatic hydrocarbons.
Referring to
The elastic film may or may not be apertured. The ears may be shaped. The ears may be integral (e.g., extension of the outer cover material 40, the backsheet 28, and/or the topsheet 26) or may be discrete components attached to a chassis 52 of the absorbent article on a wearer-facing surface 4, on the garment-facing surface 2, or intermediate the two surfaces 4, 2.
Absorbent articles of the present disclosure may employ odor management materials. These materials may manage odors inherit to the raw materials used in the manufacture of the absorbent articles and/or manage odors associated with absorbed material (e.g., urine, feces, menses). The odor management materials may be devoid of perfume raw materials or fragrances as these traditional materials can be irritants to some individuals. The odor management materials can include natural extracts, naturally derived materials, and/or mineral-based materials. Exemplary odor management materials encompassed within these categories includes activated carbon, zeolites, silica, and combinations thereof.
Adhesives can be employed to affix one component to another component in the article's final assembly. Adhesives can also be employed to immobilize sub-components, such as, for example, particulate matter within an absorbent core component. The adhesives in some instances are devoid of added fluorescence.
Referring again to
The absorbent articles of the present disclosure may be placed into packages. The packages may comprise polymeric bag and an optional carton surrounding at least a portion of the polymeric bag. The polymeric bag can comprise bio-based polyolefin. The optional carton can be made of fiberboard and can contain recycled material or a blend of recycled and virgin material. Each package may comprise a plurality of absorbent articles.
Communication in the form of graphics and/or indicia relating to properties of the absorbent articles may be formed on, printed on, positioned on, and/or placed on outer portions of the packages. For example, the communication may relate to the absence of certain undesirable materials, such as chlorine, perfume, scent, fragrance, lotion, non-phthalate-catalyst polypropylene, adhesives having added florescence, and green number 7 dye. The communication may also relate to features of the contained absorbent articles, such as, that the absorbent article has cotton (via cotton seal icon) or plant-based materials.
The absorbent articles may be packed under compression so as to reduce the size of the packages, while still providing an adequate amount of absorbent articles per package. By packaging the absorbent articles under compression, caregivers can easily handle and store the packages, while also providing distribution savings to manufacturers owing to the size of the packages.
Accordingly, packages of the absorbent articles of the present disclosure may have an In-Bag Stack Height of less than about 110 mm, less than about 105 mm, less than about 100 mm, less than about 95 mm, less than about 90 mm, less than about 85 mm, less than about 80 mm, less than about 78 mm, less than about 76 mm, less than about 74 mm, less than about 72 mm, or less than about 70 mm, specifically reciting all 0.1 mm increments within the specified ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby, according to the In-Bag Stack Height Test described herein. Alternatively, packages of the absorbent articles of the present disclosure may have an In-Bag Stack Height of from about 70 mm to about 110 mm, from about 70 mm to about 105 mm, from about 70 mm to about 100 mm, from about 70 mm to about 95 mm, from about 70 mm to about 90 mm, from about 70 mm to about 85 mm, from about 72 mm to about 80 mm, or from about 74 mm to about 78 mm, specifically reciting all 0.1 mm increments within the specified ranges and all ranges formed therein or thereby, according to the In-Back Stack Height Test described herein.
“Array” means a display of packages comprising disposable absorbent articles of different article constructions (e.g., different elastomeric materials [compositionally and/or structurally] in the side panels, side flaps and/or belts flaps, different graphic elements, different product structures, fasteners or lack thereof). The packages may have the same brand and/or sub-brand and/or the same trademark registration and/or having been manufactured by or for a common manufacturer and the packages may be available at a common point of sale (e.g. oriented in proximity to each other in a given area of a retail store). An array is marketed as a line-up of products normally having like packaging elements (e.g., packaging material type, film, paper, dominant color, design theme, etc.) that convey to consumers that the different individual packages are part of a larger line-up. Arrays often have the same brand, for example, “Huggies,” and same sub-brand, for example, “Pull-Ups.” A different product in the array may have the same brand “Huggies” and the sub-brand “Little Movers.” The differences between the “Pull-Ups” product of the array and the “Little Movers” product in the array may include product form, application style, different fastening designs or other structural elements intended to address the differences in physiological or psychological development. Furthermore, the packaging is distinctly different in that “Pull-Ups” is packaged in a predominately blue or pink film bag and “Little Movers” is packaged in a predominately red film bag.
Further regarding “Arrays,” as another example an array may be formed by different products having different product forms manufactured by the same manufacturer, for example, “Kimberly-Clark”, and bearing a common trademark registration for example, one product may have the brand name “Huggies,” and sub-brand, for example, “Pull-Ups.” A different product in the array may have a brand/sub-brand “Good Nites” and both are registered trademarks of The Kimberly-Clark Corporation and/or are manufactured by Kimberly-Clark. Arrays also often have the same trademarks, including trademarks of the brand, sub-brand, and/or features and/or benefits across the line-up. “On-line Array” means an “Array” distributed by a common on-line source.
Referring to
The absorbent articles of the present disclosure may be free of, or devoid of, paraben, latex, perfumes, and/or fragrances. Adhesives used in the absorbent articles may be free of, or devoid of, fluorescence. Inks used in the absorbent articles may be free of, or devoid of, green number 7 dye.
The first and second outermost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may be three-dimensional apertured materials, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0250662, published on Sep. 10, 2015, to Olaf Erik Isele et al. Such a three-dimensional apertured material may form a topsheet and/or an outer cover material of an absorbent article. In an outer cover context, the three-dimensional material may or may not be apertured.
The first and second outermost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may be apertured materials, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0136014, published on May 19, 2016, to Kelyn Anne Arora et al. Such an apertured material may form a topsheet and/or an outer cover material of an absorbent article.
The first and/or second outmost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may or may not comprise plant-based fibers. The first and/or second outermost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may or may not comprise cotton.
Cotton and/or plant-based fibers may be included in any of the layers of the absorbent articles, such as a core wrap, an acquisition material, a distribution material, ears, and/or other nonwoven components of an absorbent article.
The first and second outermost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may comprise cotton, but may not comprise bio-based content. One of the first and second outermost layers of the absorbent articles disclosed herein may comprise cotton and be free of bio-based content, while the other of the first and second outermost layers may comprise bio-based content and cotton.
1. Bicomponent sheath/core fibers; Sheath: Bio Polyethylene 50% by weight of fibers; Core regular polypropylene 50% by weight of fibers; apertured topsheet
2. Bicomponent sheath/core fibers; Sheath: Bio Polyethylene 50% by weight of fibers; Core regular Polyethylene terphathalate 50% by weight of fibers; Three-dimensional, apertured topsheet
3. Bicomponent sheath/core fibers; Sheath: Bio Polyethylene 50% by weight of fibers; Core regular polypropylene 50% by weight of fibers; 5% cotton by weight; Apertured topsheet
4. Bicomponent sheath/core fibers; Sheath: Bio Polyethylene 50% by weight of fibers; Core Polylactic acid PLA 50% by weight of fibers; Apertured topsheet
5. Bicomponent sheath/core fibers; Sheath: Bio Polyethylene 50% by weight of fibers; Core Polylactic acid 50% by weight of fibers; Three-dimensional, apertured topsheet
1. Polyethylene (10%)/Polypropylene (40%)/Polyethylene terphathalate (35%)/cotton (15%) with a total basis weight of 27 gsm.
2. 85% Bio Polylactic acid by weight and 15% cotton by weight
Combinations
Measurements are conducted at 23° C.±2 C.° and 50%±2% relative humidity. All samples are conditioned at this environment for 2 hours prior to testing. Harvest the substrate/component/material of interest from an absorbent article. From the longitudinal and lateral centerline of the sample, accurately cut a specimen of approximately 10 cm2 to the nearest 0.01 cm2. Measure the mass of the specimen and record as the dry mass to the nearest 0.0001 g. Basis weight is calculated from the measured mass (g) and area (m2) and recorded to the nearest 0.1 g/m2 (gsm).
Caliper is measured using a digital caliper such as an Ono Sokki linear gauge sensor GS-503 capable of measuring thickness to ±0.001 mm. A 25.0 mm±0.1 mm diameter circular foot which applies a pressure of 0.69 kPa±0.01 kPa is used. The caliper anvil is larger than the foot. The instrument is calibrated per the manufactures specifications. With the foot resting on the anvil, zero the digital caliper. Lift the caliper foot and center the specimen under the foot. Gently lower the foot onto the surface of the specimen at a rate of approximately 2 mm/s. Read and record to the nearest 0.01 mm.
Calculate the volume of the specimen using the measured area (cm2) and caliper (cm), and record to the nearest 0.01 cm3. Density is calculated by dividing the measured mass (g) by the measured volume (cm3). Record to the nearest 0.01 g/cm3.
Take the specimen and submerge it in distilled water for 5.0±0.1 min. Remove the specimen from the water, carefully suspend the specimen vertically from its corner for 10±0.1 min to allow to drain. Measure the mass of the specimen and record as the wet mass to the nearest 0.0001 g. Calculate the Water Retention as the difference between the wet mass and dry mass divided by the dry mass (g). Record to the nearest 0.01 g/g.
In like fashion, repeat the measurements for a total of 10 replicate specimens, and report results as the arithmetic average for Basis Weight (g/m2), Density (g/cm3) and Water Retention (g/g).
Test Method: The in-Bag Stack Height of a Package of Articles is Determined as Follows:
A thickness tester with a flat, rigid horizontal sliding plate is used. The thickness tester is configured so that the horizontal sliding plate moves freely in a vertical direction with the horizontal sliding plate always maintained in a horizontal orientation directly above a flat, rigid horizontal base plate. The thickness tester includes a suitable device for measuring the gap between the horizontal sliding plate and the horizontal base plate to within ±0.5 mm. The horizontal sliding plate and the horizontal base plate are larger than the surface of the absorbent article package that contacts each plate, i.e. each plate extends past the contact surface of the absorbent article package in all directions. The horizontal sliding plate exerts a downward force of 850±1 gram-force (8.34 N) on the absorbent article package, which may be achieved by placing a suitable weight on the center of the non-package-contacting top surface of the horizontal sliding plate so that the total mass of the sliding plate plus added weight is 850±1 grams.
Absorbent article packages are equilibrated at 23±2° C. and 50±5% relative humidity prior to measurement.
The horizontal sliding plate is raised and an absorbent article package is placed centrally under the horizontal sliding plate in such a way that the absorbent articles within the package are in a horizontal orientation (see
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/136,540, filed on Sep. 20, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/561,382, filed on Sep. 21, 2017, the entireties of which are all incorporated by reference herein.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 16/136,540, filed on Sep. 20, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/561,382, filed on Sep. 21, 2017, the entireties of which are all incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62561382 | Sep 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16136540 | Sep 2018 | US |
| Child | 16559676 | US |
