Patent Application
20240115434
This invention relates to absorbent bodies useful for absorbent articles such as diapers having a composite isolation sheet for isolating body exudates from the wearer's skin.
Absorbent articles for personal hygiene, such as disposable diapers, disposable pants, and adult incontinence undergarments, are designed to absorb and contain various body exudates, including urine, menses, low viscosity fecal matter, and solid fecal matter. Fecal material is often difficult to remove from the skin of the user, in particular from sensitive skin such as of young babies and such as the skin around the genitals. Moreover, it is known that when fecal material and urine meet on the skin, this may cause irritation and redness of the skin and sometimes even dermatitis of the skin.
One of the solutions to reduce the fecal material on the skin is to provide a means to isolate the fecal material immediately after discharge, away from the skin. For example, diapers having an elasticized sheet closest to the wearer with an opening, through which the feces can pass to a void space between the sheet closest to the wearer and the remainder of the absorbent body, have been developed. The fecal material is then stored underneath the sheet closest to the wearer, away from the skin.
Absorbent articles with means to isolate the fecal material have been known in the art, such as in EP 357298A and JP 3130365B. While such absorbent articles have been known, they have shortcomings that have prevented significant commercial success. For example, those known in the art may be difficult to produce in today's high speed manufacturing process, as requiring elasticity along the shaped opening, or in various directions deviating from the machine direction.
Based on the foregoing, there is a need for an absorbent article having a composite isolation sheet for isolating body exudates from the wearer's skin while maintaining the performance of containment and wear comfort. There is also a need for such an absorbent article which may be economically manufactured.
The present invention is directed to an absorbent body having a transverse direction, a longitudinal direction, a front end, a back end, a back region, a garment facing direction, and a wearer facing direction, comprising:
The present invention is also directed to an absorbent body having a transverse direction, a longitudinal direction, a front end, a back end, a front region, a garment facing direction, and a wearer facing direction, comprising:
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as forming the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description which is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and which like designations are used to designate substantially identical elements, and in which:
As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning specified thereafter:
“Absorbent article” refers to articles of wear which may be in the form of taped type diapers, pant type diapers, incontinent briefs, feminine hygiene garments, and the like. The “absorbent article” may be so configured to absorb and contain various exudates such as urine, feces, and menses discharged from the body. The “absorbent article” may refer to a combined merchandise of an outer cover adaptable to be joined with a separable disposable absorbent insert for providing absorbent and containment function, such as those disclosed in PCT publication WO 2011/087503A.
“Longitudinal” refers to a direction running substantially perpendicular from a waist edge to an opposing waist edge of the article and generally parallel to the maximum linear dimension of the article.
“Transverse” refers to a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
“Proximal” and “distal” refer respectively to the position closer or farther relative to the longitudinal center of the article.
“Wearer-facing” and “garment-facing” refer respectively to the relative location of an element or a surface of an element or group of elements. “Wearer-facing” implies the element or surface is nearer to the wearer during wear than some other element or surface. “Garment-facing” implies the element or surface is more remote from the wearer during wear than some other element or surface (i.e., element or surface is proximate to the wearer's garments that may be worn over the disposable absorbent article).
“Disposed” refers to an element being located in a particular place or position.
“Joined” refers to configurations whereby an element is directly secured to another element by affixing the element directly to the other element and to configurations whereby an element is indirectly secured to another element by affixing the element to intermediate member(s) which in turn are affixed to the other element.
“Film” refers to a sheet-like material wherein the length and width of the material far exceed the thickness of the material. Typically, films have a thickness of about 0.5 mm or less.
“Nonwoven”, nonwoven layer” or “nonwoven web” are used interchangeably to mean an engineered fibrous assembly, primarily planar, which has been given a designed level of structural integrity by physical and/or chemical means, excluding weaving, knitting or papermaking (ISO 9092:2019 definition). The directionally or randomly orientated fibers, are bonded by friction, and/or cohesion and/or adhesion. The fibers may be of natural or synthetic origin and may be staple or continuous filaments or be formed in situ. Commercially available fibers have diameters ranging from less than about 0.001 mm to more than about 0.2 mm and they come in several different forms such as short fibers (known as staple, or chopped), continuous single fibers (filaments or monofilaments), untwisted bundles of continuous filaments (tow), and twisted bundles of continuous filaments (yam). Nonwoven webs can be formed by many processes such as meltblowing, spunbonding, solvent spinning, electrospinning, carding and airlaying. The basis weight of nonwoven webs is usually expressed in grams per square meter (g/m2 or gsm).
“Water-permeable” and “water-impermeable” refer to the penetrability of materials in the context of the intended usage of disposable absorbent articles. Specifically, the term “water-permeable” refers to a layer or a layered structure having pores, openings, and/or interconnected void spaces that permit liquid water, urine, or synthetic urine to pass through its thickness in the absence of a forcing pressure. Conversely, the term “water-impermeable” refers to a layer or a layered structure through the thickness of which liquid water, urine, or synthetic urine cannot pass in the absence of a forcing pressure (aside from natural forces such as gravity). A layer or a layered structure that is water-impermeable according to this definition may be permeable to water vapor, i.e., may be “vapor-permeable”.
“Hydrophilic” describes surfaces of substrates which are wettable by aqueous fluids (e.g., aqueous body fluids) deposited on these substrates. Hydrophilicity and wettability are typically defined in terms of contact angle and the strike-through time of the fluids, for example through a nonwoven fabric. This is discussed in detail in the American Chemical Society publication entitled “Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion”, edited by Robert F. Gould (Copyright 1964). A surface of a substrate is said to be wetted by a fluid (i.e., hydrophilic) when either the contact angle between the fluid and the surface is less than 90°, or when the fluid tends to spread spontaneously across the surface of the substrate, both conditions are normally co-existing. Conversely, a substrate is considered to be “hydrophobic” if the contact angle is greater than 90° and the fluid does not spread spontaneously across the surface of the fiber.
“Extendibility” and “extensible” mean that the width or length of the component in a relaxed state can be extended or increased.
“Elasticated” and “elasticized” mean that a component comprises at least a portion made of elastic material.
“Elongatable material”, “extensible material”, or “stretchable material” are used interchangeably and refer to a material that, upon application of a biasing force, can stretch to an elongated length of at least about 110% of its relaxed, original length (i.e. can stretch to 10 percent more than its original length), without rupture or breakage, and upon release of the applied force, shows little recovery, less than about 20% of its elongation without complete rupture or breakage as measured by EDANA method 20.2-89. In the event such an elongatable material recovers at least 40% of its elongation upon release of the applied force, the elongatable material will be considered to be “elastic” or “elastomeric.” For example, an elastic material that has an initial length of 100 mm can extend at least to 150 mm, and upon removal of the force retracts to a length of at least 130 mm (i.e., exhibiting a 40% recovery). In the event the material recovers less than 40% of its elongation upon release of the applied force, the elongatable material will be considered to be “substantially non-elastic” or “substantially non-elastomeric”. For example, an elongatable material that has an initial length of 100 mm can extend at least to 150 mm, and upon removal of the force retracts to a length of at least 145 mm (i.e., exhibiting a 10% recovery).
“Dimension”, “Length”, “Width”, “Pitch”, “Diameter”, “Aspect Ratio”, “Angle”, and “Area” of the article are all measured in a state wherein the article is extended to the Full Stretch Circumference W1 according to the “Whole Article Force Measurement” herein, and utilizing a ruler or a loupe, unless specified otherwise.
“Artwork” refers to a visual presentation to the naked eye, which is provided by printing or otherwise, and having a color. Printing includes various methods and apparatus well known to those skilled in the art such as lithographic, screen printing, flexographic, and gravure ink jet printing techniques.
“Color” or “Colored” as referred to herein includes any primary color except color white, i.e., black, red, blue, violet, orange, yellow, green, and indigo as well as any declination thereof or mixture thereof. The color white is defined as those colors having a L* value of at least 94, an a* value equal to 0±2, and a b* value equal to 0±2 according to the CIE L* a* b* color system.
The absorbent body (38) of the present invention comprises a water permeable topsheet (24) that may be positioned at least in partial contact or close proximity to a wearer. Suitable topsheets (24) may be manufactured from a wide range of materials, such as porous foams; reticulated foams; apertured plastic films; or woven or nonwoven webs of natural fibers (e.g., wood or cotton fibers), synthetic fibers (e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers), or a combination of natural and synthetic fibers. The topsheet (24) is generally supple, soft feeling, and non-irritating to a wearer's skin. The topsheet (24) is liquid permeable, permitting bodily fluids to readily penetrate through the thickness of the topsheet (24). One topsheet (24) useful herein is available from Fibertex NiLai, Malaysia with tradename H30501221 or FQN Hazlet NJ with tradename SB1206169. Any portion of the topsheet (24) may be coated with a lotion or skin care composition as is known in the art. Examples of suitable lotions include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,607,760; 5,609,587; 5,635,191; and 5,643,588.
The absorbent body (38) of the present invention comprises a water impermeable backsheet (25) which is designed to prevent the exudates absorbed by and contained within the absorbent core (59) from soiling articles that may contact the absorbent article, such as bed sheets and undergarments. The backsheet (25) may be positioned such that it extends beyond the absorbent core (62) in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction. Suitable backsheet (25) materials include films such as those manufactured by Plaster Argentina with tradename PLBA NBBS 10-12GSM PR V1. Other suitable backsheet (25) materials may include breathable materials that permit vapors to escape from the absorbent article while still preventing exudates from passing through the backsheet (25). Exemplary breathable materials may include materials such as woven webs, nonwoven webs, composite materials such as film-coated nonwoven webs, and microporous films such as manufactured by Daika Japan with tradename MPF DKH-180 15G V7 and manufactured by Berry Nashville, TN with trademark BR-137P V13. Such breathable composite materials are described in greater detail in PCT Application No. WO 95/16746 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,865,823. Other breathable backsheets including nonwoven webs and apertured formed films are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,096. An exemplary, suitable backsheet is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,537. Other suitable materials and/or manufacturing techniques may be used to provide a suitable backsheet including, but not limited to, surface treatments, particular film selections and processing, particular filament selections and processing, etc.
Referring to
Superabsorbent polymers of the absorbent layer may be disposed between first and second layers of material immobilized by a fibrous layer of thermoplastic adhesive material. The first and second layers of materials may be nonwoven fibrous webs including synthetic fibers, such as mono-constituent fibers of PE, PET and PP, multiconstituent fibers such as side by side, core/sheath or island in the sea type fibers. Such synthetic fibers may be formed via a spunbonding process or a meltblowing process.
The absorbent body (38) may also contain an acquisition system (51) for facilitating the acquisition and the distribution of body exudates, and may be placed between the topsheet (24) and the absorbent layer. The acquisition system (51) may include cellulosic fibers. The absorbent layers may be disposed in plurality in the absorbent core (62). Some portions of the absorbent layers may be configured to have substantially no absorbent material to form a channel or a plurality of channels. Channels may be useful for allowing the absorbent core (62) to bend upon swelling with fluids, such that the center region conforms to the wearer's body after swelling and prevent sagging of the article. The channels may also be formed in the acquisition system (51), and may be configured to at least partly match the channels of the absorbent layer in the thickness direction. The acquisition system (51) may comprise a liquid management layer (53) directly under the topsheet (24). The function of such a layer is to rapidly acquire the fluid from the topsheet (24) away from the wearer-facing side and/or to distribute over a larger area so it is more efficiently absorbed by the absorbent core. It is also possible that such a liquid management layer (53) may be placed between the backsheet (25) and the absorbent core. The liquid management layer may be a spunlace nonwoven comprising viscose, PET, CoPET/PET fibers, and combinations thereof.
The absorbent core (62) may comprise a high loft material encompassing superabsorbent polymers. The term “high loft” refers to low density bulky fabrics, as compared to flat, paper-like fabrics. High loft webs are characterized by a relatively high porosity. This means that there is a relatively high amount of void space in which superabsorbent polymer particles can be distributed. The high loft material (without the superabsorbent particles) of the invention may have a density at a pressure of 4.14 kPa (0.6 psi) below 0.20 g/cm3, in particular ranging from 0.05 g/cm3 to 0.15 g/cm3. The high loft layer (without the superabsorbent particles) may have a density at a pressure of 2.07 kPa (0.3 psi) below 0.20 g/cm3, in particular ranging from 0.02 g/cm3 to 0.15 g/cm3. The high loft layer (without the superabsorbent particles) of the invention may have a density at a pressure of 0.83 kPa (0.12 psi) below 0.15 g/cm3, in particular ranging from 0.01 g/cm3 to 0.15 g/cm3, and a basis weight of from 15 to 500 gsm, preferably 30-200 gsm, such as those described in US 2021/0361497 A1. The absorbent core (62) comprising high loft material encompassing superabsorbent polymers may also contain channels.
Alternatively, the absorbent core (62) may comprise an absorbent layer having superabsorbent polymers disposed between first and second layers of nonwoven material immobilized by a fibrous layer of thermoplastic adhesive material (not shown). The first and second layers of nonwoven materials may be relatively low basis weight nonwoven fibrous webs including synthetic fibers, such as mono-constituent fibers of PE, PET and PP, multiconstituent fibers such as side by side, core/sheath or island in the sea type fibers. Such synthetic fibers may be formed via a spunbonding process or a meltblowing process. In such embodiments, a) the intermediate layer (60) may be hydrophobic and the lower substrate layer (46) may be hydrophilic; or b) the intermediate layer (60) and the lower substrate layer (46) may both be hydrophilic and the intermediate layer (60) may be less hydrophilic than the lower substrate layer (46); or c) the intermediate layer (60) and the lower substrate layer (46) may both be hydrophobic and the lower substrate layer (46) may be less hydrophobic than the intermediate layer (60).
Referring to
Still referring to
Referring to
Still referring to
Referring to
Still referring to
Whether disposed on the front portion or on the back portion, the longitudinal elastic element (FE, BE) may be provided in a single, or a plurality of longitudinal elastic body/bodies. The longitudinal elastic body may be an elastic ribbon or an elastic strand. When the longitudinal elastic element is a single elastic ribbon or strand, the longitudinal elastic body (FE, BE) may be disposed on and extending along the longitudinal axis (LX) between the front longitudinal end point (101) towards the front end, or the back longitudinal end point (111) towards the back end. As in
The longitudinal elastic body may be elastic strands having a thickness of about 1100 dtex or less, wherein at least 2 of the elastic strands are disposed in an array in close proximity to each other in the transverse direction. Within the array, the transverse distance between the elastic strands may be in a dimension of at least about 2 mm to no more than about 4 mm. There may be 2, 3, or 4 elastic strands in one array. Without being bound by theory, by disposing the elastic stands in such close proximity to each other, the array exhibits a behavior as if it were one elastic body with a certain width, and provides various benefits. For example, the array provides more or less the combined tensile force of the elastic stands in the array, such that each elastic strand may be disposed at a much lower tensile force. Further, fine gathers may be created in the interval within the array. Such fine gathers combined with the elastic strands of the array, apply a tensile force to the wearer over a distributed width, compared to the width of a single elastic strand. Namely, the array exhibits a behavior as if it were one elastic body. As such, the array may provide a soft fit and may also reduce red marking on the skin contacted by the front or back portion (FC, BC).
Accordingly, in that the composite isolation sheet (CIS) holds tension provided by the combination of elastic bodies (35) of the side edges and the longitudinal elastic element (FE, BE) when contracted upon wear, the composite isolation sheet (CIS) is raised from the topsheet (24). The dimensions of the composite isolation sheet (CIS) and the tension provided by the elastic bodies (35) of the side edges and the longitudinal elastic element are adjusted so that, upon wear, the front portion (FC) or the back portion (BC) does not cover the anal or urethral orifice of the wearer. Referring to
Material for making the composite isolation sheet (CIS) may be made from a substantially liquid impervious material. The material may be an SMS nonwoven or an SMMS nonwoven material, or a nonwoven component layer comprising fine fibers having an average diameter of less than 1 micron. One useful combination of nonwoven fabric webs may include spunbond, meltblown, spunbond (“SMS”) webs comprising outer layers of spunbond thermoplastics (e.g., polyolefins) and an interior layer of meltblown thermoplastics. Suitable composite isolation sheet material useful herein include those of SMS type available from Toray Polytech Nantong China with tradename LIVSEN SMS 13, available from FQN Hazlet NJ with tradename SM15009270, and available from Fibertex Aalborg Denmark with tradename B10160HS. The material may be treated, by region or in part of a region, with a lotion or a hydrophobic surface coating to provide various physical properties. Material for making the composite isolation sheet (CIS) may have a hydrostatic head of greater than about 2 mbar, or greater than about 3 mbar, or greater than about 4 mbar. The material may have a hydrostatic head of less than about 200 mbar, or less than about 100 mbar, or less than about 75 mbar, or less than about 50 mbar, or less than about 25 mbar, or less than about 15 mbar. The material may have an opacity of from about 15% to about 50% hunter opacity, or from about 20% to about 45% hunter opacity. The material may have an opacity of from about 45% to about 75% hunter opacity; or from about 50% to about 70% hunter opacity. The material may have an air permeability of less than about 50 m3/m2/min; or less than about 45 m3/m2/min. The material may have an air permeability of greater than about 5 m3/m2/min; or greater than about 10 m3/m2/min; or greater than about 15 m3/m2/min; or greater than about 20 m3/m2/min.
Referring to
Referring to
For any of the configurations of
Referring to
The absorbent body (38) may comprise gasketing leg cuffs (34). The gasketing leg cuffs (34) may be at least partially enclosed between the topsheet (24) and the backsheet (25), and may be placed transversely outward relative to the composite isolation sheet (CIS). The gasketing leg cuffs (34) may provide sealing around the thighs of the wearer. Usually each gasketing leg cuff (34) will comprise one or more elastic string or elastic element (33) comprised in the absorbent body (38) for example between the topsheet (24) and backsheet (25) in the area of the leg openings. The substrate for making the composite isolation sheet (CIS) may extend transversely and be utilized for forming the gasketing leg cuffs (34).
The absorbent body (38) of the present invention may comprise an outer cover (42) located on the garment-facing side of the backsheet (25). The outer cover (42) may be made of a soft, non-woven material. The outer cover (42) and the backsheet (25) may be joined together by adhesive or any other suitable material or method. A particularly suitable outer cover (42) is available from Fibertex NiLai Malaysia with tradename A10160EJ—MALAYSIA and available from FQN Hazlet NJ with tradename SM1104174.
The absorbent core (62) may comprise an intermediate layer (60) between the layer of absorbent material and the backsheet (25). The intermediate layer (60) may be in direct contact with the layer of absorbent material (29) and with the backsheet (25). The intermediate layer (60) may be useful as a masking layer to isolate the superabsorbent polymer particles in the layer of absorbent material from the backsheet (25), thus reducing graininess feeling and improving the tactile properties of the garment-facing side of the article, especially for absorbent core (62) containing a high level of superabsorbent polymer particles. The intermediate layer (60) may also isolate the exudates which have been absorbed in the layer of absorbent material from the garment-facing side of the article, as this may be visually unpleasant to the caregiver. Thus by having an intermediate layer with a relatively high opacity, stains in the layer of absorbent material (e.g. from urine or feces) can be concealed from view, when looking at the backsheet (25) of the absorbent article during use. The hunter opacity in the dry state of the intermediate layer may be at least 25%, or at least 40%, or at least 50%, or at least 70%. The intermediate layer (60) can also help reduce the residual moisture in contact with the backsheet (25), which may lead to cold/wet feeling for the caregiver, or may lead to the wearer mistaking the cold/wet feeling as liquid leaking out of the absorbent article. The intermediate layer (60) may also serve as a temporary reservoir for liquid that had not been absorbed fast enough by the layer of absorbent material.
Opacity is measured using a 0° illumination/45° detection, circumferential optical geometry, spectrophotometer with a computer interface such as the HunterLab LabScan XE running Universal Software (available from Hunter Associates Laboratory Inc., Reston, VA) or equivalent instrument. Instrument calibration and measurements are made using the standard white and black calibration plates provided by the vendor. All testing is performed in a room maintained at 23±2° C. and 50±2% relative humidity.
The spectrophotometer is configured for the XYZ color scale, D65 illuminant, 10° standard observers, with UV filter set to nominal. The instrument is standardized according to the manufacturer's procedures using the 0.7 inch port size and 0.5 inch area view. After calibration, the software is set to the Y opacity procedure which prompts the operator to cover the sample with either the white or black calibration tile during the measurement.
Articles are pre-conditioned at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity for two hours prior to testing. To obtain a specimen, the article is stretched flat on a bench, body facing surface upward, and the total longitudinal length of the article is measured. A testing site is selected at the longitudinal midpoint of the article or the part. Using scissors, a test specimen is cut in 60 mm square or as close as possible to 60 mm. Any elastic members are removed.
The specimen is placed over the measurement port. The specimen should completely cover the port with the surface corresponding to the wearer-facing surface of the specimen directed toward the port. The specimen is gently extended until taut in its longitudinal direction so that the specimen lies flat against the port plate. Adhesive tape is applied to secure the specimen to the port plate in its extended state for testing. Tape should not cover any portion of the measurement port. The specimen is then covered with the white standard plate. A reading is taken, then the white tile is removed and replaced with the black standard tile without moving the specimen. A second reading is taken, and the opacity is calculated as follows:
Opacity=(Y value(black backing)/Y value(white backing))×100
Specimens from five identical articles are analyzed and their opacity results recorded. The average opacity is calculated and reported to the nearest 0.01%.
Air permeability is tested using a TexTest FX3300 Air Permeability Tester (available from Advanced Testing Instruments, Greer, SC) with a custom made 1 cm2 circular aperture (also available from Advanced Testing Instruments) or equivalent instrument. The instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer's procedures. All testing is performed in a room maintained at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity.
The articles are pre-conditioned at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity for two hours prior to testing. To obtain a specimen, the article is stretched flat on a bench, body facing surface upward, and the total longitudinal length of the article is measured. A testing site is selected at the longitudinal midpoint of the article or the part. Using scissors, a test specimen is cut in 30 mm square or as close as possible to 30 mm. Any elastic members are removed.
The specimen is centered over the measurement port. The specimen should completely cover the port with the surface corresponding to the wearer-facing surface of the specimen directed toward the port. The specimen is gently extended in its longitudinal direction until taut so that the specimen lies flat across the port. Adhesive tape is applied to secure the specimen across the port in its extended state for testing. Tape should not cover any portion of the measurement port. The test pressure is set to allow air to pass through the specimen. For non-woven specimen the pressure is set for 125 Pa and for specimen containing films 2125 Pa is used. The sample ring is closed and the measuring range is adjusted until the range indicator shows green to indicate that the measurement is within the accepted limits of the instrument. The air permeability is recorded to the nearest 0.1 m3/m2/min.
Hydrostatic head is tested using a TexTest FX3000 Hydrostatic Head Tester (available from Advanced Testing Instruments, Greer, SC) with a custom made 1.5 cm2 circular measurement port (also available from Advanced Testing Instruments). Two annular sleeve rings, the same dimensions as the gaskets around the measurement ports, are cut from the standard protective sleeves for fine nonwovens (part FX3000-NWH, available from Advanced Testing Instruments). The sleeve rings are then adhered with two-sided adhesive tape to the sample facing surfaces of the upper and lower gaskets of the TexTest instrument to protect the specimen during clamping. Standardize the instrument according to the manufacturer's procedures. All testing is performed in a room maintained at about 23° C.±2° C. and about 50% ±2% relative humidity.
Precondition the articles at about 23° C.±2° C. and about 50%±2% relative humidity for two hours prior to testing. To obtain a specimen, lay the article stretched flat on a bench, body facing surface upward, and measure the total longitudinal length of the article. A testing site is selected at the longitudinal midpoint of the article or the part. Using scissors, a test specimen is cut in 70 mm square or as close as possible to 70 mm. Any elastic members are removed.
Place the specimen centered over the port of the upper test head. The specimen should completely cover the port with the surface corresponding to the garment-facing surface of the specimen directed toward the port (wearer-facing surface will then be facing the water). Gently extend the specimen taut in its longitudinal direction so that the specimen lies flat against the upper test plate. Adhesive tape is applied to secure the specimen to the test plate in its extended state for testing. Tape should not cover any portion of the measurement port.
Fill the TexTest syringe with distilled water, adding the water through the measurement port of the lower test plate. The water level should be filled to the top of the lower gasket. Mount the upper test head onto the instrument and lower the test head to make a seal around the specimen. The test speed is set to 3 mbar/min for samples that have a hydrostatic head of 50 mbar or less and a speed of 60 mbar/min for samples with a hydrostatic head above 50 mbar.
Start the test and observe the specimen surface to detect water droplets penetrating the surface. The test is terminated when one drop is detected on the surface of the specimen or the pressure exceeds 200 mbar. Record the pressure to the nearest 0.5 mbar or record as >200 mbar if there was no penetration detected.
A total of five identical articles are analyzed and their hydrostatic head results recorded. Calculate and report the average hydrostatic head report to the nearest 0.1 mbar.
Absorbent article Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 were obtained as such. Comparative Example 1: “Pampers (Kangaroo Taped)” Size 4 purchased in 2022 in PRC.
Examples 1 and 2: Taped type absorbent article of Size 4 having an overall configuration similar to Comparative Example 1, and also having a composite isolation sheet as in
The articles of Example 1 and 2, when worn, provide the composite isolation sheet raised from the topsheet, while not covering the anal or urethral orifice of the intended wearer. The articles of Example 1 and 2 provide good isolation of body exudates from the wearer's skin, while maintaining the performance of containment and wear comfort of Comparative Example 1. The articles of Example 1 and 2 may be manufactured in approximately the same speed as manufacturing Comparative Example 1.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.” Further, every numerical range given throughout this specification includes every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range.
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2022/122097 | Sep 2022 | WO | international |
| PCT/CN2022/126978 | Oct 2022 | WO | international |
This application claims priority, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, to PCT Patent Application PCT/CN2022/122097, filed on Sep. 28, 2022 and PCT Patent Application PCT/CN2022/126978, filed Oct. 24, 2022, the entire disclosures of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
