Patent Grant
11540916
The present disclosure relates to medical devices and methods. In particular, the present disclosure relates to accommodating intraocular lenses (hereinafter “AIOLs”).
Cataracts can affect a large percentage of the worldwide adult population with clouding of the native crystalline lens and resulting loss of vision. Patients with cataracts can be treated by native lens removal and surgical implantation of a synthetic intraocular lens (IOL). Worldwide, there are millions of IOL implantation procedures performed annually. In the US, there are 3.5 million cataract procedures performed, while worldwide there are over 20 million annual procedures performed.
Although IOL implantation can effective at restoring vision, the prior IOLs provide less than ideal results in at least some instances. Many prior IOLs are not able to change focus as a natural lens would (known as accommodation). Also, the eyes receiving prior AIOLs can have at least some refractive error after implantation, such that glasses can be helpful with distance vision. Although prior IOLs can be effective in providing good far vision, patients in many cases need to wear glasses for intermediate and near vision. Although prior Multi-focal IOLs that address this drawback have been proposed, the prior multi-focal IOLs can be less than ideal. Although multi-focal IOLs generally perform well for reading and distance vision, in at least some instances prior multi-focal IOLs may cause significant glare, halos, and visual artifacts in at least some instances.
Although accommodating IOLs have been proposed to provide accommodative optical power in response to the distance at which a patient views an object, the prior AIOLs can be less than ideal in at least some respects. For example, prior AIOLs can provide less than ideal amounts of accommodation after implantation, and may provide less than ideal refractive correction of the eye. Also, the amount of accommodation of the prior AIOLs can decrease after implantation in at least some instances. At least some of the prior AIOLs can be somewhat larger than would be ideal when inserted through an incision of the eye, and may require the incision to be somewhat larger than would be ideal. Also, work in relation to embodiments suggests that at least some of the prior AIOLs can be somewhat less stable when placed in the eye than would be ideal in at least some instances.
Improved implantable intraocular lenses that accommodate with the natural focusing response of the eye that overcome at least some of the above deficiencies would be desirable. Ideally, such improved AIOLs would provide increased amounts of accommodation when implanted, provide refractive stability, introduce few if any perceptible visual artifacts, and allow the optical power of the eye to change from far vision to near vision in response to the distance of the object viewed by the patient.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide improved AIOL methods and apparatus. In many embodiments, the AIOL comprises an optical structure comprising a stiff member and a deflectable member coupled to a haptic structure, such that the stiff member and the deflectable member substantially define a chamber of the AIOL. The chamber of the AIOL comprises a fluid having an index of refraction greater than the aqueous humor of the eye, such that the deflectable member defines a convexly curved surface of the chamber fluid in order to provide a fluid lens having adjustable optical power. The deflectable member and stiff member are coupled to the haptic structure in order to deflect the profile of the deflectable member and fluid lens to a convexly curved profile when the eye accommodates for near vision. In many embodiments, the haptic structure rotates relative to the stiff member in order to provide an inward force to the deflectable member when the capsular bag moves inward and the eye accommodates for near vision. The haptic structure may comprise a curved capsular bag engaging portion shaped to receive the capsular bag. The haptic structure can be coupled to the stiff member at a first region, and to the deflectable member at a second region between the first region and the bag engaging portion, such that the forces of the capsular bag can be increased with leverage, in order to provide increased amounts of inward force to the outer portions of the deformable member. In many embodiments, the deflectable member is configured to amplify movement inward movement of the outer portion of the deflectable member, such that an inner portion of the deflectable member moves away from the stiff member more than the outer portion of the peripheral portion moves inward when the eye accommodates. This amplification of movement of the inner portion of the deflectable member and corresponding increase in curvature coupled with leverage of the capsular forces of the haptic can provide improved accommodation of the AIOL.
In many embodiments, the arrangement of the stiff member, the deflectable member and the rotating haptic is capable of deflecting the deflectable member with inward forces, such that decreased amounts of fluid can be used with the AIOL and incision size decreased. In many embodiments, the arrangement of the stiff member, the deflectable member and the rotating haptic is capable of deflecting the deflectable member with inward forces without fluidic pressure of the lens chamber, and in at least some embodiments the arrangement can provide a convex curvature to the deflectable member with negative pressure of the chamber. In many embodiments, the chamber at least partially defined with the deflectable member and the stiff member receives fluid from an outer portion of the chamber beneath the outer portion of the deflectable member, such that the amount of fluid contained in the AIOL and insertion profile can be decreased.
The optical structure can be configured in one or more of many ways to provide increased amounts of accommodation. The deflectable member may comprise an inner optically corrective portion and an outer extension portion to provide a curvature transition between the inner optical portion and the haptic. The oppositely curved outer portion can decrease the diameter of the optically corrective portion in order to the concentrate optical power change within the inner portion. When the eye accommodates for near vision, the inner portion comprises an outer convexly curved surface to provide optical power with the fluid of the chamber, and the extension comprises a concave curvature, which is opposite the curvature of the inner portion. The oppositely curved extension can decrease the size of the inner optical zone, such that the optical power and curvature provided with the deflectable member are increased. The outer surface of inner portion of the deflectable member can be convexly curved, concavely curved, or substantially flat for far vision and comprises a more positive curvature when deflected to the accommodation configuration for near vision. The outer surface of the outer portion can be concavely curved or substantially flat for far vision and comprises a more negative curvature when deflected to the accommodation configuration for near vision. The inner surfaces of the inner and outer portions of the deflectable member can be similarly curved. In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises a substantially uniform thickness. Alternatively, the outer portion may comprise a decreased thickness relative to the inner portion, and may comprise an outer surface having a concave profile to facilitate convex curvature of the inner portion when inward force is applied with the haptic. The outer portion can be sized such that at least a portion of the outer portion is covered with the pupil in order to inhibit aberrations when the inner portion comprises the convex curvature and the outer portion comprises the concave curvature.
In many embodiments the stiff member comprises a lens such as a plano convex lens having an optical power configured to treat far vision of the patient. When the eye accommodates, the deflectable portion provides additional optical power for near vision. In many embodiments, the diameter of the lens of the stiff member corresponds to the diameter of the inner portion of the deflectable member, such that the diameter of the lens of the stiff member is sized smaller than the outer portion of the deflectable member, in order to decrease the thickness profile of the AIOL when inserted into the eye.
In many embodiments, an accommodating IOL comprises a first lens component and a second lens component each composed of a polymer, and adhesive comprising the polymer. Alternatively or in combination, the first component can be affixed to the second component with mechanical coupling such as interlocking joints, threads, mounts or fasteners. In many embodiments, the polymer can be hydrated and swells with hydration, such that the first component, the second component, and the adhesive swell together (e.g., at the same or substantially similar rate). By swelling together, stresses among the first component, the second component, and the adhesive can be inhibited substantially. Also, the hydratable adhesive allows the first and second components to be machined in a stiff less than fully hydrated configuration prior to adhering of the components together. The stiff configuration may comprise a less than fully hydrated polymer, such as a substantially dry polymer. The components can be bonded together in the stiff substantially configuration to facilitate handling during manufacturing, and subsequently hydrated such that the components bonded the adhesive comprise a soft hydrated configuration for insertion into the eye. The adhesive comprising the polymer can bond the first and second lens components together with chemical bonds similar to the polymer material itself in order to provide increased strength.
In a first aspect, an intraocular lens comprises an optical structure having an optical power and a haptic structure. The optical structure comprises a deflectable member, a stiff member, and a fluidic chamber defined at least partially with the stiff member and the deflectable member. The haptic structure has an outer structure to engage a capsule of the eye and an inner structure coupled to the deflectable member to increase curvature of the deflectable member when the haptic structure rotates relative to the stiff member.
In many embodiments, the deflectable member is deflected from a first profile to a second profile, in which the second profile is more curved than the first profile. The chamber comprises a fluid having an index of refraction greater than 1.33, such that the chamber comprises a first amount of optical power with the deflectable member in the first configuration and a second amount of optical power with the deflectable member in the second configuration, and the second amount of optical power is greater than the first amount.
In many embodiments, the deflectable structure comprises an inner optical portion and an outer extension portion. The stiff member, the haptic and the deflectable member can be arranged such that the inner optical portion moves away from the stiff member with increased curvature and the outer extension moves toward the stiff member with an opposite curvature in order to provide increased optical power. Movement of the inner optical portion away from the stiff member and movement of the outer extension portion toward the stiff member can transmit fluid from an outer portion of the chamber beneath the outer extension portion to an inner portion of the chamber beneath the inner optical portion, such that fluid transfer is decreased and a volume of fluid of the AIOL can be decreased.
In many embodiments, the rotation occurs about an axis extending through a perimeter of the haptic structure. When the intraocular lens is placed in the eye, the perimeter of the haptic structure may be on a plane transverse to the optical axis of the eye, for example.
In many embodiments, the haptic structure may comprise a cantilevered haptic structure anchored on an inner end to the stiff member at a first location. The haptic may comprise a length extending a distance from the inner end to an outer end. The haptic structure may comprise a thickness, and the length may be greater than the thickness. The deflectable member may be coupled to the haptic structure at a second location separated from the first location by a separation distance. The length may be greater than the separation distance in order to separate an inner optical portion the deflectable member from the stiff member when the haptic structure rotates relative to the stiff member.
In many embodiments, the stiff member comprises one or more convexly curved optical surfaces. The stiff member may extend to a thin portion located near an outer edge of the stiff member. The thin portion may define an anchoring pivot structure around which the haptic structure rotates in order to urge the deflectable member inward with radial force when the haptic rotates in response to pressure of the structure of the eye.
In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises an inner optical portion and an outer resilient extension coupled to the haptic structure. The resilient extension may comprise a thickness less than a thickness of the inner region of the deflectable member. The resilient extension may comprise a curvature opposite a curvature of the inner optical region when the resilient extension has separated the inner optical portion of the deflectable member away from the stiff member. The inner edge of the haptic structure may exert a radial force on the resilient extension of the deformable member to one or more of decrease a diameter of the inner optical region, or to deflect curvature of the resilient extension and the inner optical region in opposite directions relative to one another in order to urge the inner optical region away from the stiff member with spherical deflection of the inner optical region and urge the extension toward the stiff member in response to rotation of the haptic structure relative to the stiff member.
In many embodiments, a decrease in diameter of the deflectable member comprises a transition from a first diameter to a second diameter less than the first diameter in response to rotation of the haptic structure, wherein the decrease in diameter spherically deflects the inner optical portion away from the stiff member and changes a shape of the fluid-filled chamber to a more convexly curved profile in order to increase the optical power of the optical structure.
In many embodiments, the convexly curved profile of the fluid-filled chamber comprises an increased volume in order to change the optical power of the optical structure. Fluid may be drawn into the chamber from a peripheral reservoir in response to the increased volume.
In many embodiments, the haptic structure moves a peripheral portion of the deflectable member radially inward a first distance in response to the radial force directed thereon and the inner region of the deformable member may be urged away from the stiff member a second distance greater than the first distance in response to the rotation of the haptic structure so as to provide amplification of the second movement relative to the first movement and shape the deflectable member with a spherical profile. The deflectable member may comprise a substantially uniform and constant thickness to inhibit distortion.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of providing accommodation to an eye of the patient comprises placing an intraocular lens within a lens capsule of the eye. The intraocular lens may have an optical structure and a haptic structure coupled to the optical structure at an outer region of the optical structure. The optical power of an optical structure of the intraocular lens may be changed by rotating the haptic structure at the outer region in response to an inward force of the lens capsule.
In many embodiments, the haptic structure is rotated about an axis extending through a perimeter of the haptic structure. When the intraocular lens is placed in the eye, the perimeter of the haptic structure may be on a plane transverse to the optical axis of the eye, for example. In many embodiments, the method may further include anteriorly translating the at least a portion of the optical structure relative to an outer edge of the haptic structure in response to the rotation of the haptic structure. The translation of the at least a portion of the optical structure may change an optical power of the eye.
In many embodiments, the at least a portion of the optical structure may comprise a deflectable profile member comprising an outer region coupled to the inner edge of the haptic structure, an inner region, and a pivoting region between the haptic structure and the inner region. The inner edge of the haptic structure may exert an inward force on the outer region of the deflectable member to one or more of: decrease a diameter thereof; or pivot the outer and inner regions relative to one another at the pivoting region to deflect the inner region away from the stiff member in response to the rotation of the haptic structure to change the haptic power. The decrease in diameter of the deflectable member and the pivoting of the outer and inner regions of the deflectable member relative to one another may change one or more of a shape or a volume of the fluid-filled chamber to change the optical power of the optical structure. The inner edge of the haptic may move a first distance relative to the inner edge in response to the radial force directed on the inner edge; and the inner region of the deflectable member may be deflected away from the stiff member a second distance greater than the first distance in response to the rotation of the haptic structure.
In another aspect of the disclosure, an intraocular lens is provided. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure having an optical power and comprising a deflectable member, a stiff member, and a fluid chamber defined at least partially between the deflectable member and the stiff member. The intraocular lens may comprise a haptic structure coupled to a peripheral region of the stiff member and comprising a first exterior element, a second exterior element, and a fluid reservoir defined at least partially between the first exterior element and the second exterior element. The fluid reservoir may be in fluid communication with the fluid chamber with one or more channels. The haptic structure may be configured to rotate at the peripheral region and the second exterior element may be configured to deflect inward toward the first exterior element to decrease a volume of the fluid reservoir in response to an inward force of a lens capsule in order to change the optical power. In many embodiments, the haptic structure is configured to rotate about an axis extending through a perimeter of the haptic structure. When the intraocular lens is placed in the eye, the perimeter of the haptic structure may be on a plane transverse to the optical axis of the eye, for example. In many embodiments, the second exterior element may have an outer region, an inner region, and a pivoting region between the outer region and the inner region. The outer and inner regions of the second exterior element may pivot relative to one another at the pivoting region to deflect the second exterior element toward the first exterior element. In many embodiments, a volume of the fluid chamber may increase in response to the decrease in the volume of the fluid reservoir to change the optical power. A shape of the fluid-filled chamber may change in response to the increase in the volume of the lens fluid chamber to change the optical power. The shape change of the fluid-filled chamber may comprise a deflection of an inner region of the deflectable member away from the stiff member and a decrease in a radius of curvature of the deflectable member. In many embodiments, an inner edge of the haptic structure may move a first distance in response to the rotation of the haptic structure and the inner region of the deflectable member may be deflected away from the stiff member a second distance greater than the first distance to change the optical power. The shape change of the fluid chamber may leave the geometry of the stiff member substantially undeflected.
In many embodiments, the deflectable member may comprise an outer region coupled to the inner edge of the haptic structure, an inner region, and a pivoting region between the outer and inner regions. The inner edge of the haptic structure may exert an inward force on the outer region of the deflectable member to one or more of: change a diameter thereof; or pivot the outer and inner regions relative to one another at the pivoting region to deflect the inner region away from the stiff member in response to the rotation of the haptic structure to change the optical power of the optical structure. The deflectable member and the stiff member may be supported with the haptic structure and may translate together in a first direction in response to the rotation of the outer end of the haptic structure in a second direction opposite the first direction. The deflectable member may be located on a posterior portion of the optical structure and the stiff member may be located on an anterior portion of the optical structure of the eye. The deflectable member may move posteriorly relative to the stiff member to increase curvature of the deflectable member when the haptic structure rotates in response to the inward force of the lens capsule. The haptic structure may translate the stiff member and the deflectable member anteriorly together such that the optical power of the eye is increased with each of the increased curvature of the deflectable member, deflection of the deflectable member posteriorly relative to the stiff member, and anterior translation of the stiff member and the deflectable member.
This aspect of the disclosure may also provide a method of providing accommodation to a patient's eye, such as by providing and using the intraocular lens provided.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a method is provided for providing accommodation to an eye of the patient. The method may comprise placing an intraocular lens within a lens capsule of the eye. A haptic structure of the intraocular lens at a peripheral portion of an optical structure of the intraocular lens may be rotated in response to an inward force of the lens capsule. The rotation may occur about an axis extending through a perimeter of the haptic structure. A member of the optical structure may be deflected to a more curved profile in response to the rotation to change an optical power of the eye. A shape and a volume of a fluid chamber of the optical structure may be changed in response to the rotation to change the optical power. The shape and volume of the fluid chamber may be changed by deflection one or more of an anterior or posterior member of the optical structure to increase a radius of curvature. The optical structure may be translated in an anterior direction relative to an outer edge of the haptic structure in response to the rotation to change the optical power. In many embodiments, the combination of such separation, deflection, and translation may combine to change the optical power.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method of providing accommodation to an eye of the patient is provided. The method may comprise placing an intraocular lens within a lens capsule of the eye. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure and a haptic structure coupled to a peripheral region of the optical structure. An optical power of an optical structure of the intraocular lens may be changed be rotating a haptic structure of the intraocular lens at the peripheral region to decrease a volume of a fluid reservoir of the haptic structure in response to an inward force of the lens capsule. The rotation of the haptic structure of the intraocular lens may occur about an axis extending through a perimeter of the haptic structure. When the intraocular lens is placed in the eye, the perimeter of the haptic structure may be on a plane transverse to the optical axis of the eye, for example. The fluid reservoir of the haptic structure may be defined at least partially between first and second exterior members of the haptic structure. The volume of the fluid reservoir may be decreased by deflecting the second exterior member inward toward the first exterior member in response to the inward force. Changing the optical power of the optical structure may further comprise increasing a volume of a fluid chamber of an optical structure in response to the decrease in the volume of the fluid reservoir. Changing the optical power of the optical structure may further comprise changing a shape of the fluid-filled chamber in response to the increased volume of the fluid-filled chamber.
In many embodiments, changing the shape of the fluid-filled chamber comprises a deflection of an inner region of a deflectable member of the optical structure away from a stiff member and a decrease in a radius of curvature of the deflectable member toward the stiff member. The shape of the fluid-filled chamber may further by changed by translating the inner region and an outer region of the deflectable member away from the stiff member. An inner edge of the haptic structure may move a first distance in response to the rotating of the haptic structure. The inner region of the deflectable member may be deflected away from the stiff member a second distance greater than the first distance to change the optical power. The shape change of the fluid-filled chamber may leave the geometry of the stiff member substantially undeformed. The deflectable member of the optical structure may be located on a posterior portion of the optical structure and the stiff member may be located on an anterior portion of the optical structure when placed in the eye. Changing the optical power of the optical structure may comprise moving the deflectable member anteriorly relative to the stiff member to increase curvature of the deflectable member when the haptic structure rotates in response to the inward force of the lens capsule to increase the optical power of the eye. The stiff member and the deflectable member may be translated anteriorly together with the haptic structure to increase the optical power of the eye. The perimeter of the deflectable member may be separated away from the perimeter of the stiff member to increase the optical power of the eye. In many embodiments, such deflection, translation, and separation can be used in combination to increase the optical power of the eye.
In another aspect of the disclosure, an intraocular lens comprises an optical structure comprising a posterior member, an anterior member, and a fluid-filled chamber between the posterior and anterior members. The intraocular lens may include a haptic structure interlocking peripheral regions of the posterior and anterior members to inhibit leakage of a fluid into and out of the fluid-filled haptic chamber. In many embodiments, the interlocking regions may comprise a fluid tight seal to inhibit leakage of the fluid. The haptic structure may have a first side having one or more male members and a second side having on or more female members. The one or more male members may pass through the peripheral regions of the posterior and anterior members to be received by the one or more female members to interlock the peripheral regions. The peripheral regions of the posterior and anterior members may have one or more aperture through which the one or more members pass through. The peripheral regions of one or more of the posterior or anterior members may have one or more male members to be received by one or more female members of the haptic structure to interlock the peripheral regions. The interlocking of the peripheral regions of the posterior and anterior members by the haptic structure may be maintained as the intraocular lens is one or more of: deformed to change an optical power of the optical structure; or, folded or rolled into a delivery configuration.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, an intraocular lens is provided. The intraocular lens comprises an optical structure comprising a posterior member, an anterior member, and a fluid-filled chamber between the posterior and anterior members providing an optical power. The intraocular lens may comprise a haptic structure coupled to the optical structure. One or more of a shape or volume of the fluid-filled chamber may be configured to change in response to a radial force exerted on the haptic structure. The change of one or more of the shape or volume of the fluid-filled chamber may change the optical power of the fluid-filled chamber while leaving optical powers provided by the posterior and anterior members substantially unchanged.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of providing accommodation to an eye of the patient is provided. The method may comprise placing an intraocular lens within a lens capsule of the eye. One or more of a shape or volume of a fluid-filled chamber of the intraocular lens may be changed to change an optical power of the fluid-filled chamber while leaving optical powers provided by the posterior and anterior members substantially unchanged.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, an intraocular lens is provided. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure for placement in an eye.
In another aspect of the disclosure, a method is provided. The method may comprise placing an optical structure in an eye.
In many embodiments, the deflectable optical members as described herein have the advantage of deflecting while substantially maintaining a thickness of the optical member in order to inhibit optical aberrations when the member deflects.
An aspect of the disclosure provides an intraocular lens for implantation within a lens capsule of a patient's eye. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure and a haptic structure. The optical structure may have a peripheral portion and may comprise a planar member, a plano convex member coupled to the planar member at the peripheral portion, and a fluid optical element defined between the planar member and the plano convex member. The fluid optical element may comprise a fluid having a refractive index similar to either or both the materials comprising the planar member and the plano convex member. The haptic structure may couple the planar member and the plano convex member at the peripheral portion of the optical structure. The haptic structure may comprise a fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid optical element and a peripheral structure for interfacing to the lens capsule. Shape changes of the lens capsule may cause one or more of volume or shape changes to the fluid optical element in correspondence to deformations of the planar member to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. For example, shape changes of the lens capsule may cause the haptic structure to exert a mechanical force on the planar member to deform the member and correspondingly modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. Such deformations of the planar member may in some cases cause no change to the optical power of the planar member, the plano convex member, or both (i.e., the change in optical power may solely be provided by one or more of the shape or volume changes to the fluid optical element and optionally changes to the anterior-posterior position of the intraocular lens within the lens capsule.)
The haptic peripheral structure may be stiffly coupled to the substantially planar member of the optical structure such that a radially directed force on the haptic peripheral structure may deflect the substantially planar member away from the plano convex member in order to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. The planar member may be anchored to a structure along a circular peripheral portion of the planar member. Deflection of the planar member away from the plano convex member may provide a spherical optical correction. The change in optical power of the fluid optical element may comprise a response to a transfer of fluid into or out of the fluid optical element from the fluid reservoir of the haptic structure.
A force imposed on the haptic fluid reservoir may deform the haptic fluid reservoir to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. The force imposed on the haptic fluid reservoir may cause fluid to transfer into or out of the fluid optical element from the haptic fluid reservoir to reversibly deform the haptic fluid reservoir.
In many embodiments, wherein volume changes to the fluid optical element are provided by a fluid of the haptic fluid reservoir. In many embodiments, fluid transfer into or out of the fluid optical element leaves the plano convex member undeformed. The plano convex member may comprise a stiff member and the planar member may comprise a deflectable member. In these embodiments, the fluid optical element may provide a majority of the optical power of the intraocular lens. Fluid within the fluid optical element and within the fluid reservoir of the haptic structure may have a refractive index of greater than or equal to 1.33.
The fluid within the fluid optical element and the fluid reservoir of the haptic structure may comprise oil such as a silicone oil or a solution such as a high molecular weight dextran. The fluid can be provided with a suitable index of refraction. The high molecular weight dextran configured with a suitable index of refraction greater than 1.33 and an osmolality similar to the aqueous humor of the eye. The high molecular weight dextran may have a mean molecular weight of at least 40 kDa, and the mean molecular weight can be within a range from about 40 kDa to about 2000 kDa, with intermediate ranges having upper and lower values defined with any of 40 kDa, 70 kDa, 100 kDa, 1000 kDa, or 2000 kDa. The high molecular weight dextran may comprise a distribution of molecular weights, and the distribution of molecular weights can be narrow or broad. As the index of refraction can be determined based on the weight of dextran per volume and the osmolality by the number of solute particles per volume, the mean molecular weight and amount of dextran can be used to configure the dextran solution with the appropriate index of refraction and osmolality.
In many embodiments, the haptic structure is configured to orient the intraocular lens in place within the lens capsule of the patient's eye. In many embodiments, the haptic structure comprises an anterior haptic structure and a posterior haptic structure, and the anterior haptic structure and the posterior structure are coupled together to define the fluid reservoir therebetween. In many embodiments, the haptic structure comprises an annular structure coupled to the peripheral region of the optical structure. The haptic structure may comprise a plurality of tab structures coupled to and distributed over the peripheral portion of the optical structure.
The peripheral portion may comprise a plurality of apertures and the haptic structure may be coupled to the peripheral portion through the plurality of apertures. The plurality of apertures may be oriented substantially parallel to the optical axis of the intraocular lens. Alternatively or in combination, the plurality of apertures may be oriented transverse to the optical axis of the intraocular lens. The haptic structure may comprise one or more posts or other structures for placement through the plurality of apertures of the peripheral portion of the optical structure to couple the haptic structure to the peripheral portion. Alternatively or in combination, the optical structure may comprise posts for mating with structures such as apertures in the haptic structures.
The intraocular lens may be sufficiently flexible to be folded into a reduced cross-section delivery configuration. The reduced cross-section delivery configuration of the intraocular lens may be attained by folding or rolling the intraocular lens around a delivery axis normal to an optical axis of the lens. Alternatively or in combination, the reduced cross-section delivery configuration of the intraocular lens may be attained by advancing the intraocular lens through a delivery tube or aperture.
In many embodiments, the planar member is posterior of the plano convex member when the intraocular lens is placed in the lens capsule.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of providing accommodation in an eye of a patient. First, an intraocular lens may be provided. The provided intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure having a peripheral portion and a haptic structure. The optical structure may comprise a planar member, a plano convex member coupled to the planar member at the peripheral portion, and a fluid optical element defined between the planar and plano convex members. The fluid optical element may comprise a fluid having a refractive index similar to either or both the materials comprising the between the planar and plano convex members. The fluid optical element may have an optical power. The haptic structure may couples the planar and plano convex members together at the peripheral portion of the optical structure. The haptic structure may comprise a fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid optical element and a peripheral structure for interfacing to the lens capsule. Second, the intraocular lens may be folded into a reduced profile configuration. Third, the folded intraocular lens is implanted into a lens capsule of the patient's eye. The folded intraocular lens reverts into a working configuration from the reduced profile configuration when implanted into the lens capsule. Fourth, one or more of the optical structure or the haptic structure may be actuated to cause one or more of volume or shape changes to the fluid optical element in correspondence to deformations in the planar member to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element.
One or more of the optical or haptic structure may be actuated by radially directing a force on the haptic structure to deform the planar member to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. The haptic peripheral structure may be stiffly coupled to the substantially planar member of the optical structure. The change in optical power of the fluid optical element may be accompanied by a transfer of fluid into or out of the fluid optical element from the fluid reservoir of the haptic structure. Transfer of fluid into or out of the fluid optical element from the haptic fluid chamber may deflect the planar member while leaving the plano convex member undeflected. In alternative embodiments, transfer of fluid into or out of the fluid optical element from the haptic fluid chamber may deflect the planar member and optionally also the plano convex member.
Actuating one or more of the optical structure and the haptic structure may be actuated by imposing a force on the haptic fluid reservoir to reversibly deform the haptic fluid reservoir to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element.
In many embodiments, the peripheral portion of the optical structure comprises a plurality of apertures and the haptic structure couples the posterior and anterior members together at the peripheral portion of the optical structure through the plurality of apertures. The haptic structure coupled to the plurality of apertures of the peripheral portion may maintain the substantially planar and plano convex members coupled together as the intraocular lens is folded and during function or operation of the intraocular lens. The plurality of apertures may be oriented substantially parallel to the optical axis of the intraocular lens. The plurality of apertures may be oriented transverse to the optical axis of the intraocular lens. The haptic structure may comprise one or more posts for placement through the plurality of apertures to couple the haptic structure to the peripheral region. Alternatively or in combination, the peripheral portion of the optical structure may have one or more apertures through which one or more posts of the haptic structure can pass through to couple the optical and haptic structures together.
The intraocular lens may be folded into the reduced profile configuration by folding or rolling the intraocular lens around a delivery axis normal to an optical axis of the lens. Alternatively or in combination, the intraocular lens may be folded into the reduced profile configuration by advancing the intraocular lens through a delivery tube or aperture.
The folded intraocular lens may be implanted into the lens capsule by allowing the fluid within the lens fluid chamber to reach an osmotic equilibrium with fluid present in the lens capsule. One or more of the planar or plano convex members may be water permeable to allow the osmotic equilibrium to be reached. In many embodiments, the porous posterior or anterior member is non-permeable to compounds having a molecular weight of greater than 40 kDa.
In many embodiments, one or more of the planar or plano convex members has substantially no optical power.
In many embodiments, the planar member is posterior of the plano convex member when the intraocular lens is placed in the lens capsule.
In another aspect, embodiments provide a method of manufacturing an accommodating intraocular lens. A first lens component comprising a polymer is provided. A second lens component comprising the polymer is provided. The first lens component is boned to the second lens component with an adhesive. The adhesive may comprise a prepolymer of the polymer.
In many embodiments, the prepolymer is cured to bond the first lens component to the second lens component with the polymer extending between the first lens component and the second lens component.
In many embodiments, the first lens component and the second lens component each comprise a stiff configuration when the first lens component is bonded to the second lens component with the polymer extending between the first component and the second component.
In many embodiments, the first lens component is hydrated, the second lens component and the cured adhesive to provide a hydrated, soft accommodating intraocular lens.
In many embodiments, hydrating the first lens component, the second lens component and the adhesive comprises fully hydrating the polymer of each of the components and the adhesive to an amount of hydration corresponding to an amount of hydration of the polymer when implanted.
In many embodiments, each of the first lens component, the second lens component and the cured adhesive each comprise a stiff configuration prior to hydration and soft configuration when hydrated and wherein each of the first lens component, the second lens component and the cured adhesive expand a substantially similar amount from the first configuration to the second configuration in order to inhibit stress at interfaces between the adhesive and the first and second components.
Many embodiments further comprise providing the polymer material and shaping the first lens component and the second lens component from the polymer material.
In many embodiments, the first lens component and the second lens component are each turned on a lathe when stiff in order to shape the first lens component and the second lens component.
In many embodiments, the first lens component and the second lens component are molded.
In many embodiments, the prepolymer comprises one or more of a monomer, an oligomer, a partially cured monomer, particles, or nano particles of the polymer.
In many embodiments, the first lens component comprises a disc shaped structure and the second component comprises a disc shaped structure and wherein the first component and the second component define a chamber with the disc shaped structures on opposite sides of the chamber when bonded together.
In many embodiments, one or more of the first component or the second component comprises a groove sized and shaped to receive the opposite component and wherein the adhesive is placed on the groove.
In many embodiments, one or more of the first component or the second component comprises an annular structure extending between the disc structure and the second disc structure in order to separate the first disc structure from the second disc structure and define a side wall of the chamber.
In another aspect, an accommodating intraocular lens comprises a first lens component, a second lens component and an adhesive. The first lens component comprises a polymer material. The second lens component comprises the polymer material. A cured adhesive comprises the polymer between at least a portion of the first component and the second component in order to bond the first lens component to the second lens component and define a chamber.
In many embodiments, the chamber comprises an optical element.
Many embodiments further comprise a fluid within the chamber having an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of an aqueous humor of an eye of about 1.336 and wherein one or more of the first component or the second component is configured to deform to increase an optical power of the accommodating intraocular lens.
Many embodiments further comprise one or more haptics to engage a wall of a capsular bag of the eye and increase curvature of one or more of the first lens component or the second lens component in response to the wall of the capsular bag contracting in order to increase optical power of the accommodating intraocular lens.
Many embodiments further comprise a fluid, the fluid comprising one or more of a solution, an oil, a silicone, oil, a solution of high molecular weight molecules or high molecular weight dextran.
Many embodiments further comprise a seam comprising the adhesive, the seam extending circumferentially along the at least a portion of the first component and the second component.
In many embodiments, the first lens component comprises a first disc shaped structure and the second lens component comprises a second disc shaped structure on opposite sides of the chamber and wherein an annular structure extends between the first disc shaped structure and the second disc shaped structure to separate the first disc shaped structure from the second disc shaped structure and define the chamber.
In many embodiments, the intraocular lens comprises a stiff configuration prior to implantation and a soft configuration when implanted.
In many embodiments, the first lens component comprises a first disc shaped optical structure comprising one or more of a lens, a meniscus, a meniscus lens, a flat plate, a flat and wherein the second lens component comprises a second disc shaped optical structure comprising one or more of a lens, a meniscus, a meniscus lens, a flat plate, or a flat plate.
Yet another aspect of the disclosure provides an intraocular lens for implantation within a lens capsule of a patient's eye. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure and a haptic structure. The optical structure may have a peripheral portion and may comprise a posterior member, an anterior member coupled to the posterior member at the peripheral portion, and a fluid optical element defined between the posterior and anterior members. The fluid optical element may comprise a fluid having a refractive index similar to either or both the materials comprising the posterior member and the anterior member. The fluid optical element may have an optical power. The haptic structure may couple the posterior and anterior members at the peripheral portion of the optical structure. The haptic structure may comprise a fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid optical element and a peripheral structure for interfacing to the lens capsule. Shape changes of the lens capsule may cause one or more of volume or shape changes to the fluid optical element in correspondence to deformations in one or more of the posterior or anterior members to modify the optical power of the fluid optical element. One or more of the posterior member or the anterior member of the optical structure may be permeable to water such that water present in the lens capsule of the patient's eye may be capable of transferring into or out of the fluid lens chamber therethrough to achieve an osmotic equilibrium with fluid present in the lens capsule when the intraocular lens is placed therein. The various features of the intraocular lens may further be configured in many ways in accordance with the many embodiments disclosed herein.
In another aspect of the disclosure, an implantable intraocular lens is provided. The intraocular lens may comprise an optical structure having a fluid chamber and a material within the fluid chamber. The material may comprise a less than fully hydrated state. A portion of the optical structure may be configured to provide water to the fluid chamber and inhibit leakage of the material from the fluid chamber in order to fully hydrate the material and expand the fluid chamber when placed in the eye.
In yet another aspect of the disclosure, a method of implanting an artificial lens within a lens capsule of a patient's eye is provided. The method may comprise advancing an intraocular lens comprising a less than fully hydrated configuration through an incision of the eye. Water from the lens capsule may pass through at least a portion of the optical structure to fully hydrate the intraocular lens. In many embodiments, material within a fluid chamber of an optical structure of intraocular lens may be inhibited from leakage from the at least a portion of the optical structure while water from the lens capsule passes through to fully hydrate the material.
All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
The novel features of the disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
The AIOL as described herein can be used to provide improved vision, and can be combined with one or more of many known surgical procedures and apparatus, such as cataract surgery and intra-ocular lens inserters. The optical structures of the AIOL are well suited for use with commercially available IOL power calculations based on biometry of the eye, and can be used to provide improved vision. In many embodiments, a physician can insert the AIOL as described herein in a manner similar to prior non-accommodating IOLs such that the AIOLs as described herein can be readily used.
The structures of the AIOL as described herein can be combined in one or more of many ways to provide an improved accommodating IOL. In many embodiments, the AIOL comprises optical structures composed of a soft material, in which the optical structures are coupled to haptics, in order to provide optical power with natural forces of the lens capsule of the eye, as described herein, for example. In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises sufficient radial strength such that a radially inward force to an outer portion of the deflectable member causes deflection of an inner portion of the deflectable member. The deflection may comprise a first order reversible buckling of the deflectable member, for example. In many embodiments, the deflectable member bends such that the inner portion comprises a convex curvature along the outer surface and the outer portion comprises an opposing convex curvature along the outer surface. The convex inner portion may comprise a disc shape and the outer concave portion may comprise an annular shape adjacent the disc shape. The arrangement of convex disc shape and concave annular shape can provide two inflection points across the diameter of the deflectable member, for example.
The radially extending deflectable member can be configured in one or more of many ways to provide radial strength in order deflect to at least the inner portion, for example with one or more of a modulus of elasticity, a thickness, or a diameter.
The deflectable member can be coupled to the haptics in one or more of many ways so as to deflect when urged radially inward by the haptics engaging the lens capsule. In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises sufficient radial strength to induce shape changes of at least the inner portion when the outer portion of the deflectable member is urged radially inward, or rotated, and combinations thereof. In many embodiments, the deflectable member is coupled to the lens capsule such that rotation of the haptics relative to the stiff member induces a radially inward movement and rotational deflection of an outer portion of the deflectable member. Alternatively or in combination, the haptics can be arranged to slide radially and in relation to the stiff member in order to urge the deflectable member inward with radial force and deflect the inner portion of the deflectable member with radial strength of the outer portion. The deflectable member may comprise one or more structures on the outer portion to encourage deflection, such as a concave outer portion or thinner annular region to encourage concave deflection of the outer portion and convex deflection of the inner portion, for example.
The present disclosure relates to devices, methods, and systems associated with an improved accommodating intraocular lens (AIOL). Some embodiments will comprise a central optical structure comprised of two deformable lenses spaced apart along their optical axis, such as by a lens support structure concentric with the optical axis of the lenses. The volume bounded by the lenses and optionally the lens support structure may be filled with an ionic solution, such as saline, or a non-ionic solutions such as dextrans or silicone oil. The optical structure in turn may be bounded by one or more haptic structures, the haptic structures being either fluid-filled or of another embodiment, arranged in a plane normal to the optical axis of the lenses. The haptic structures can be in fluid communication with the fluid bounded by the optical structure. The transfer of fluid between the haptic structures and the fluid-filled optical structure can change the accommodating power of the lenses by deforming one or both the lenses. Alternatively or in combination, the haptic structures may directly exert mechanical forces on the lenses of the fluid-filled optical structure to cause deformation and change accommodating power. The improved accommodating intraocular lens system may additionally comprise any combination of the features described herein.
The lenses and some of the support structures described herein will typically be fabricated from a hydrophilic material that is optically clear when hydrated, swells on hydration by more than 10%, and accommodates strain levels of greater than 100% when hydrated. The material can be purchased as small disks and rods. For example, the hydrophilic material may comprise a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) such as CI18, CI21, or CI26 produced by Contamac Ltd. of the UK. These materials are also denoted as PMMA herein, and as used herein PMMA refers to a polymer comprising PMMA or a copolymer comprising PMMA, such as one or more of PMMA polymer (hereinafter “poly(methyl methacrylate)”), or a copolymer of HEMA and PMMA such as p(HEMA-co-MMA), for example. As used herein p(HEMA-co-MMA) refers to a copolymer of HEMA and PMMA and can also be referred to as p(HEMA-MMA).
The copolymer may comprise one or more of a block copolymer (PPPP-HHHH), alternating copolymer (PHPHPHPH), statistical or random copolymer (PHPPHPHH), a star copolymer, a brush copolymer, or a graft copolymer, for example, where “P” identifies “MMA” and “H” identifies “HEMA”, for example.
A used herein, a positive curvature of an outer surface encompasses a convex curvature and a negative curvature of an outer surface encompasses a concave curvature.
As used herein, like reference numerals refer to like structures. In many embodiments as described herein, the reference numerals comprise three or four digits in which the first one or two digits refer to the number of the drawing and the last two digits refer to like structures among figures having different numbers. For example, the reference numerals 2503 and 3303 refer to similar deflectable members of
In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises an inner optical portion and an outer extension portion, so as to concentrate and amplify optical power within the inner optical portion. The inner optical portion can move away from the stiff member to comprise a convexly curved outer surface providing an increased optical power. In addition, the outer portion may be deflected toward the stiff member so as to comprise an opposite curvature and move toward the stiff member. The oppositely curved outer portion can decrease the diameter of the optically corrective portion in order to the concentrate optical power change within the inner portion. The optical power of the inner portion is related to the increased distance of the center of the inner portion from the stiff member, and the decreased distance from the outer extension portion to the stiff member. This combined effect of increased inner separation distance and decreased outer separation distance has a combined effect on increase optical power. Also, as the optical power of the lens can decrease approximately as the square of the diameter of the lens, the decreased diameter of the inner portion provided with the oppositely curved outer portion can further increase the optical power of the lens.
In some embodiments, the intraocular lens/lens system and/or other components defining the lens chamber or fluid optical element are filled with a water-based clear fluid with a refractive index higher than water, in order to increase the optical power of the system. The high refractive index of the lens chamber liquid may be caused by the presence of solutes. Such solutes often comprise large molecules incapable of crossing the chamber defining components. Examples of such large molecules include dextrans, with exemplary molecular weights of <40 kD, <70 kD, <500 kD, and <1000 kD. Further examples of such solutes include sugar molecules. The solutes and water may compose a diluted solution having an osmolality. Such osmolality may cause the movement of water into or out of the chamber to achieve an osmotic equilibrium volume. Such volume can be adequate to produce the appropriate optical power in the system to the desired power for the patient.
Each of the accommodating IOLs as described herein comprises an anterior side and a posterior side. A nodal point of the lens is preferably located along an optical axis of the lens at a midpoint located along the optical axis approximately equidistant from the anterior and posterior surfaces of the optical structure of the lens. In many embodiments, the nodal point of the lens is located away from a plane extending between the peripheral haptic lever structures so as to define an anterior posterior orientation of the lens. The anterior to posterior orientation of the lens can be reversed by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings disclosed herein.
The soft material of the optical structures of the AIOL can be shaped in one or more of many ways, and may comprise machined components, or molded components, and combinations thereof, for example.
An improved accommodating intraocular lens can have a reduced delivery cross section. The reduced delivery cross section can be facilitated by an optical structure capable of translating from a delivery configuration to an operational configuration. The optical structure may have a small dimension along the optical axis in the delivery configuration and larger dimension along the optical axis in operational configuration. Also, a lens support structure can be configured to maintain the distance between the periphery of the two lenses in the operational configuration and to allow fluid to pass between the haptic structures and the fluid volume bounded by the optical structure in either configuration.
The delivery cross section may be attained by folding or rolling the AIOL around a delivery axis normal to the optical axis. The delivery cross section may be measured as the largest dimension in the delivery configuration measured in a plane normal to the delivery axis. Delivery cross sections attainable for the AIOLs disclosed herein may be less than 4.5 mm, and preferably less than 2.5 mm. In alternate embodiments, the delivery cross section can be attained by forcing the AIOL through a tube or delivery aperture. Such a tube may be conical in cross section such that the AIOL may be compressed as it progresses down the tube. The distal end may be sized to interface with an incision in the eye. Delivery may be facilitated by syringes or plungers.
The intraocular lens system may be comprised of at least two hydrophilic PMMA lenses where PMMA denotes a compound comprising one or more of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), or methyl methacrylate (MMA), for example. The lens system may include other elements comprised of any or any combination of the following materials: NiTi, polyurethane, hydrophilic PMMA, photo activated polymers, precursors to PMMA, ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA), silicones, silicone copolymers, among others.
One or more of the substantially planar member or the plano convex member may comprise a polymeric material. The polymeric material may comprise a material, available, for example, from Contamac Ltd. of the UK or Vista Optics Ltd. of the UK. For example, the PMMA copolymer may be selected from the list comprising a Definitive 50 material, a Definitive 65 material, a Definitive 74 material, a Filcon V3 material, a Filcon V4 material, a Filcon V5 material, an Optimum Classic material, an Optimum Comfort material, an Optimum Extra material, an Optimum Extra 16 material, an Optimum Extra 18.25 mm material, an Optimum Extra 19 mm material, an Optimum Extra 21 mm material, an Optimum Extreme material, an F2 material, an F2 Low material, an F2 Mid material, an F2 High material, a Focon III 2 material, a Focon III 3 material, a Focon III 4 material, a Hybrid FS material, a Contaflex GM Advance material, a Contaflex GM Advance 49% material, a Contaflex GM Advance 58% material, a Filcon I 2 material, a Filcon II 2 material, a Contaflex GM3 49% material, a Contaflex GM3 58% material, a Contaflex material, a Contaflex 58% material, a Contaflex 67% material, a Contaflex 75% material, a Polymacon 38% material, a Hefilcon 45% material, a Methafilcon 55% material, a Filcon I1 material, a Filcon IV 2 material, an HI56 material, a PMMA material, a CI26 material, a CI26Y material, a CI18 material, and other variants available from Contamac Ltd. of the UK and a Vistaflex GL 59 material, a HEMA/GMA material, an Advantage+49 material, an Advantage+59 material, a Filcon I 1 material, a Filcon 12 material, a VSO nVP material, a nVP/MMA material, a VSO 60 material, a VSO 68 material, a VSO 75 material, a Filcon II 1 material, a Filcon II 2 material, a VSO pHEMA material, a pHEMA material, a HEMA material, a VSO 38 material, a VSO 42 material, a VSO 50 material, a Vistaflex 67 Clear UV material, a polysiloxy-acrylate material, an AddVALUE Silicone Acrylate material, an AddVALUE 18 material, an AddVALUE 35 material, a poly-fluoro-silicon-acrylate material, an AddVALUE Fluor Silicone Acrylate material, an AddVALUE 25 material, an AddVALUE 50 material, an AddVALUE 75 material, an AddVALUE 100 material, a Scleral Rigid Gas Permeable material, a hydrophobic intraocular lens material, a VOPhobic Clear Tg 16 material, a VOPhobic Yellow Tg 16 material, a hydrophilic intraocular lens material, a HEMA-MMA copolymer material, an IOSoft material, an IOSoft clear material, an IOSoft yellow material, a PMMA material, a Vistacryl CQ UV material, a Vistacryl XL blue material, a Vistacryl CQ material, and other variants available from Vista Optics Ltd. of the UK. Often, the polymeric material may be one or more of water permeable and hydrophilic. Water present in the lens capsule of the patient's eye may transfer into or out of the fluid optical element through the polymeric material to achieve an osmotic equilibrium with fluid present in the lens capsule when the intraocular lens is placed therein. The polymeric material may be non-permeable to silicone oil. The polymeric material may be non-permeable to compounds having molecular weights of greater than 40 kDa.
In some embodiments, an AIOL is inserted into and interfaced to the natural capsule such that the interface zones create a seal which forms a semi toroidal region of capsule, where fluid transfer between the semi toroidal region and the interior of the AIOL causes an accommodation change in the AIOL. In such embodiments, fluid such as saline may be injected into the semi toroidal region.
In some embodiments, the optical structure is comprised of a material which is changed from a delivery configuration to an operation configuration after introduction into the capsule of the eye. One such material may comprise a photoactive polymer which in the delivery configuration is a liquid which is hardened by photo activation after introduction. Another such material may comprise a memory metal such as an NiTi alloy which in the delivery configuration has a thin dimension in a plane normal to the optical axis and after introduction is initiated to change to an operational configuration by heating via inductive coupling. In other embodiments, the NiTi may rely on its super elastic characteristics to shift from a delivery to an operational configuration.
The optical structure in some embodiments is mechanically more stable in the operational configuration than in the delivery configuration, and spontaneously changes from a delivery configuration to an operational configuration after introduction into the capsule of the eye. In such a configuration, the optical structure may be coaxed into a delivery configuration just prior to delivery or at manufacture. One such system may comprise a super elastic metal element which springs from the delivery configuration upon introduction of the device into the capsule.
In some embodiments, the lens support structure and one lens are machined or molded as a single structure and the second lens is affixed to the support structure by a bonding means. In many other embodiments, the AIOL is comprised of two halves, each incorporating a lens, which are bonded together to form the optical structure. Such embodiments may incorporate the haptic structures. In yet other embodiments, a second machining operation can be performed on the bonded structure. Alternate bonding means may include mechanical interfaces such as threading where the outer periphery of the lens is threaded and the inner surface of the support structure is threaded. In alternate embodiments, the interface can be a simple interference fit. In some embodiments, affixing comprises bonding the materials by treating the one or both of the separate bonding surfaces with a precursor monomer, then assembling the structure, applying a load across the bonding surfaces, and heating the assembly for a period of time. Such a process may facilitate cross linking between the material comprising both parts. In some instances, the precursor monomer may be mixed with small particles of the polymer. Bonding agents may additionally include urethanes, silicones, epoxies, acrylics, amongst others.
In the devices of the present disclosure, the lenses may be compromised of a water and ion permeable material. In some embodiments, the AIOL can be allowed to self-fill after implantation, thereby minimizing the delivery cross section.
In alternate embodiments, the AIOL is filled after implantation.
A side view of the lens support structure 11 of
Another embodiment for a central support structure similar to that shown in
In the embodiments shown in
A variation on the embodiment of
In alternate embodiments, the support structure 81 of AIOL 80 may be replaced with a support structure 91 as indicated in the expanded configuration of AIOL 80 shown in
Embodiments described herein also allow for sequencing the assembly and the use of long setting, heat, pressure, and/or optical initiated bonding materials to insure proper optical alignment of the lenses.
Bonding of a copolymer of HEMA and MMA may be facilitated by treating the bond surfaces with EGDMA or triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA) and then subjecting the bonded surfaces to pressure and temperature. Treatments may include but is not limited to vapor treatment, wetting, wetting and allowing for evaporation, applying a mixture of EGDMA or TEGDMA and particles of a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. In one such procedure, 40 micron beads of a copolymer of HEMA and MMA can be mixed with EGDMA and used as a bonding agent. Such a bonding scheme can provide advantage in that there can be no or minimal seam and the mechanical properties of the bonded inter face have the same mechanical properties as the structure.
Delivery procedures may vary and will depend on the embodiment of the device. In one delivery procedure for an AIOL, which is typically pre-filled with an operating fluid at manufacturing and ready for use, a device can be selected for size and base accommodating power to match the patient's requirements. The eye can be prepared according to standard procedures typical for the instillation of non-accommodating lenses, with the possible exception that the incision may be larger in some embodiments. The AIOL may be loaded into an injector and then injected into the prepared eye capsule. The AIOL can then be adjusted for position. In an alternate delivery procedure, the lens may be filled at the time of surgery. In such a procedure filling can comprise sizing the AIOL and or setting the base power of the AIOL. To accommodate such a procedure the device may incorporate a filling port which can be sealable by bonding prior to implantation or a port comprising a self sealing material such as an elastomeric material.
In yet a further alternative, the AIOL may be filled after implant, thereby minimizing the delivery cross section. In such embodiments, after implant, the device may be filled via a filling port as previously described. In alternate embodiments, the device may be initially be in a less than fully hydrated state and allowed to become fully hydrated after implantation, such as by self filling with fluids naturally available in the eye. For example, the AIOL may comprise a material in a less than fully hydrated state, such as a fluid element within the AIOL, which can be fully hydrated by fluid from the eye and is inhibited from leaking from the AIOL during the hydration process. Such embodiments may rely on the permeability to water and small molecules of materials comprised in the AIOL. In such procedures, a device properly sized and filled with an appropriate operating fluid, typically a saline solutions with an osmolality and ionic balance comparable to the fluids naturally occurring in the eye, can be prepared for implant by subjecting it to a hypertonic solution of large molecules such as a solution of super high molecular weight dextran. This pretreatment can draw fluid out of the AIOL prior to implant, thereby decreasing its delivery cross section. The AIOL can then be implanted through an incision of the eye. After implant, the AIOL may scavenge fluid from the eye renewing its fluid and optic equilibrium. In some embodiments, the osmolality of the AIOL may further be adjusted by the incorporation of a molecule too large to diffuse through materials comprising the AIOL at the time of manufacture. In such systems, the equilibrium fill pressure for the AIOL may be adjusted or set on filling.
Chambers 1002 and 1006 can be filled either naturally, as with aqueous, or with other fluids such as saline; viscous cohesive fluids may be used to prevent leakage at contact locations 1004 and 1005.
Various methods to improve sealing may be employed at locations 1004 and 1005. Glue may be applied as a bond to the capsule; fibrogenic mechanisms may be induced; sharp protrusions may be provided at contact points to increase sealing against the capsule by indenting it; anterior contact location 1005 can be provided with means to capture the edge of the capsulorhexis 1001.
Optical element 1003 can be provided with means of hinging along the edges of the optical area to increase deflection and displacement, and therefore optical power.
The assembly could have external envelope with dimensions close to the crystalline, and therefore minimize the chance of capsular contraction.
There could be less sizing issues due the absence of conventional haptics, the only relevant capsular dimension may be its height.
The system may be indifferent to osmotic variations in the aqueous humor.
To reduce chance of leakage, the as cut dimensions could be in the accommodated geometry.
Accommodation can occur when fluid channels 2002 allow transfer of fluid into fluid optical element or lens chamber 2005 as haptic structures 2003 are compressed by the equatorial perimeter of the lens capsule (not shown). Haptic relief 2004 can provide for minimal circumferential stress during compression and quick recovery to the non-accommodating position when compression is relaxed.
The embodiments described herein can be combined in one or more of many ways. For example, the embodiments of
The deflectable member 2503 and stiff member 2510 define at least a portion of an inner chamber 2512. The inner chamber 2512 comprises a fluid having an index of refraction greater than an index of refraction of an aqueous humor of the eye. When the deflectable member 2503 comprises an increased curvature, the internal fluid comprises a convex lens shape and provides additional optical power.
The AIOL comprises a central thickness extending from an outer surface of the stiff member 2510 to an outer surface of the deflectable member 2503. The central thickness may comprise a first central thickness 2530 of the AIOL lens in a far vision configuration, and a second central thickness 2531 of the AIOL lens in a near vision configuration. The increase in thickness of the lens centrally is related to the increased optical power of the lens. The increased optical power of the lens is also approximately inversely related to a square of the diameter of the central optical portion. The extension portion can decrease the diameter of the optical portion and provide increased optical power for an amount of change between first distance 2530 and second distance 2531.
The stiff member 2510 is connected to haptic structure 2502, such that the haptic structure 2502 rotates when the lens accommodates for near vision. The haptic structure 2502 extends to a first anchor region such as an anchor point 2540 about which the haptic rotates relative to the stiff member 2510. The haptic structure extends a distance from the first anchor region to the wall of the lens capsule. The haptic structure 2502 extends to a second anchor region such as second anchor point 2541. The second anchor region 2541 couples to the deflectable member 2503 in order to induce inward force on the deflectable member. The distance from the first region to the outer structure of the haptic engaging the lens capsule is greater than the distance from the first region to the second region. This difference in distance provides mechanical leverage of the lens capsule forces on the deflectable member 2503. The force of the lens capsule on the deflectable member 2502 induces a convex deflection 2524 of the deflectable membrane. The extension 2511 comprises an opposite concave curvature.
Although the extension portion may comprise an opposite concave curvature, this curvature can be provided in one or more of many ways to decrease visual artifacts. The amount of accommodative optical correction can be approximately 2 to 10 Diopters, such that the opposite curvature of the extension portion may comprise no patient perceptible optical affect. Also, the eye naturally comprises spherical aberration, and small amounts of aberration may not be perceptible. Further, the lens can be sized such that the pupil covers at least a portion of the oppositely curved concave portion. In at least some embodiments, the thickness profile of the extension portion of the deflectable component can be thinner to localize the opposing curvature to the thinner outer portion of the deflectable member. Work in relation to embodiments suggests that the substantially planar deflectable member decreases visual artifacts that may occur with internal reflections, for example, although a curved deflectable member can be provided and configured to inhibit visual artifacts related to internal reflections.
In many embodiments, the haptic 2502 comprises an outer reservoir coupled to chamber 2512, and forces of the haptic to the outer reservoir can urge fluid toward the chamber 2512 when the eye accommodates, in addition to inward forces of the haptic 2502 at anchor point 2541, for example.
The AIOLs as described herein can be studied with finite element modeling. While the finite element modeling can be performed in one or more of many ways, in many embodiments, the finite element modeling is performed with known commercially available software such as Abaqus, known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. The lenses as described herein can be modeled with a finite element mesh and known material properties of one or more materials as described herein, and the response of the AIOL to lens capsule forces determined.
A person of ordinary skill in the art can take the finite element modeling output of the lenses as described herein and determine the optical power of the AIOL in response to lens capsule force, for example, in order to determine appropriate AIOL parameters to provide accommodation to the eye. At least
In embodiments according to the AIOL of
In many of the embodiments described above, such as those of
In many embodiments, the rotation of lever structure haptic 3302 about the first anchor point 3340 of stiff member 3310 can exert a force on resilient extension 3311 in order to deflect resilient extension 3311 and deflectable member 3303 in opposite directions with opposite curvatures. For example, the rotation may cause resilient extension 3311 to move closer to the stiff member 3310 with an outer concave surface and deflectable member 3303 to separate further away from the stiff member 3310 with a convex outer surface. The deflection of deflectable member 3303 can involve a transition from a first diameter D1 to a second diameter D2, the second diameter D2 being a smaller than the first diameter D1. The decrease in diameter size can cause a convex deflection 3324 such as a spherical deflection of the deflectable member 3303 away from the stiff member 3310. In the deflected configuration 3322, the convex deflection 3324 of the deflectable member 3303 can be characterized by a curvature, and the resilient extension 3311 can be characterized by an opposite curvature. The curvature of the convex deflection 3324 can be the opposite of the curvature of the resilient extension 3311. For example, curvature of the convex deflection 3324 may be a positive along an outer surface of the AIOL and the curvature of the extension may comprise a negative curvature along the outer surface of the AIOL.
The change in diameter of the deflectable member 3303 from D1 to D2 may produce a corresponding amplified movement away from the stiff member 3310, such that the deflection height between a first height 3330 and a second height 3331 is greater than the corresponding change in diameter. In such embodiments, the positive curvature of the spherical deflection can cause the fluid-filled chamber 3312 to assume a more convexly curved profile to change the optical power of the AIOL. The change in shape of the fluid-filled chamber 3312 can cause an increase in volume and thereby pull fluid into the fluid-filled chamber 3312, such as from a peripheral reservoir. Alternatively or in combination, the change in shape of the deflectable member 3303 and fluid chamber 3312 may occur without a substantial change in volume of the chamber 3312. For example, the change in the shape of the fluid-filled chamber 3312 can cause a redistribution of the internal fluid to change optical power such as by drawing fluid from an outer portion of the chamber 3312 and without drawing fluid from a peripheral reservoir. Also, the rotation of the lever structure haptic 3302 may cause the deflectable member 3303 and the stiff member 3310 to translate together in the anterior direction relative to the outer edge of the lever structure haptic 3302 when the AIOL is placed in the lens capsule. Such translation may further change the optical power of the eye. The separation of the deflectable member 3303 away from the stiff member 3310, the deflection of the deflectable member 3303 to increase its curvature, and the translation of deflectable member 3303 and the stiff member 3310 together in the anterior direction may combine to change the optical power of the eye. For example, this combination can amplify a small contraction in the lens capsule housing the AIOL into a significant change in optical power of the AIOL. Such a change in optical power may be significantly greater than any of one of separation, deflection, and translation motions alone.
The haptic structures described herein may comprise of silicones, urethanes, or other suitable thermoplastics, PMMA and PMMA copolymers. In many embodiments, the haptic structures comprise the same or similar materials as the optical structure.
Bonding
Bonding can be used to bond one or more of many AIOL structures as disclosed herein. The structures can be bonded in one or more of many ways as described herein, and the steps, processes and materials can be combined to provide improved bonding of the AIOL structures.
The bonding of components as described herein can be used with one or more of many IOL components, can be used with one or more of many IOL materials, can be used with accommodating and non-accommodating IOLs, and can be used with one or more of many AIOLs as described herein, for example. The accommodating IOL may comprise one or more haptics to couple the disc shaped components to the capsular bag in order to change the optical power of the lens in response to deformations of the capsular bag. In many embodiments, the one or more haptics comprise chambers fluidically coupled to the chamber comprising the first and second lens components. The haptics can be made of a soft material as described herein, such as an acrylate polymer or a silicone polymer, and combinations thereof, for example.
Although reference is made to bonding stiff, machined polymer, the bonding as disclosed herein can be used with one or more of hydrated polymer, soft hydrated polymer, machined polymer, molded polymer, molded dry polymer, molded stiff polymer, molded soft polymer, or molded hydrated polymer, and combinations thereof, for example.
In many embodiments, the AIOL comprises a first component and a second component. A first component comprises a first disc shaped structure and the second component comprises a second dis shaped structure. An annular structure extends between the first disc shaped structure and the second disc shaped structure to define a chamber containing a fluid having an index of refraction greater than about 1.336, which is the index of refraction of the aqueous humor of the eye. When one or more of the first disk structure or the second disk structure increases in curvature, optical power of the AIOL increases.
The first and second components can be bonded to each other at one or more bonding surfaces. The location of the bonding surface(s) can be selected to decrease the impact of the bonding surface(s) on the optical properties of the AIOL. For example, a bonding surface can extend circumferentially around one or more of the annular structure, the first disc shaped component, the second disc shaped component, and combinations thereof. In many embodiments, the bonding surface is located in or near a seam extending circumferentially around the one or more of the annular structure, the first disc shaped component, the second disc shaped component, and combinations thereof, which bonds the components together. Locating the seam away from the optical portions of the first and second components provides improved optical properties.
In many embodiments, the first and second components are machined on a lathe to provide rotationally symmetric structures, such as the first disc shaped structure and the second disc shaped structure. One or more of the first component or the second component may comprise the annular structure prior to bonding the components together. One or more annular grooves can be provided on the first component and the second component in order to align optically the first component with the second component. One or more portions of the annular grooves, or other shaped groove or grooves, can be used as bonding surfaces for bonding the first and second components together.
Various techniques can be used to bond the first and second components to each other. For example, direct bonding methods can be used to join the bonding surfaces described herein. Direct bonding methods can advantageously provide a continuous bonded interface having similar material and mechanical properties as the rest of the structure. For example, the bonded interface may swell similarly to the first and second components of the structure. Exemplary direct bonding methods may include thermal bonding, solvent bonding, localized welding, or surface modification.
Thermal bonding of the first and second components can involve heating the components (e.g., at or near the bonding surfaces) to a temperature near or above the glass transition temperature of one or both of the components. During the heating process, pressure can be applied to increase the contact forces between the components at the bonding surfaces. The use of suitable temperature and pressure conditions can cause the polymer chains of the components to interdiffuse between the bonding surfaces and entangle with each other, thereby bonding the first and second components together.
Solvent bonding can involve applying a suitable solvent to the bonding surfaces of the first and second components. The solvent can solvate the polymer chains of the components at the bonding surfaces, thereby increasing chain mobility and interdiffusion between the bonding surfaces. For instance, solvent bonding of components fabricated from a copolymer of HEMA and MMA may be facilitated by treating the bond surfaces with a suitable solvent. Exemplary solvents can include EGDMA, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (TEGDMA), water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, isopropanol, n-hexanol, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, cyclohexane, or suitable combinations thereof. The bonding surfaces can be cleaned and then wetted with the solvent. The bonding surfaces can be brought into contact with each other and bonded by being subjected to suitable pressure and temperature conditions (e.g., using a press, oven, heated plates, etc.) for a predetermined length of time.
Localized welding can involve the focused application of energy at or near the bonding surfaces to heat and soften the bonding surfaces, thereby bonding the components together. Suitable forms of energy may include ultrasonic energy, microwave energy, or infrared energy. In some instances, suitable components can be formed in one or more of the components so as to direct the applied energy to the appropriate regions of the bonding surfaces.
As another example, suitable surface modification techniques can be applied to one or more of the bonding surfaces described herein in order to achieve direct bonding. Surface modification can involve treating the bonding surfaces in order to increase the surface energies thereof, thus improving surface contact and increasing the extent of polymer chain entanglement between the bonding surfaces. In many embodiments, the bonding surfaces can be modified by plasma activation, UV exposure, and/or ozone exposure. The parameters of the surface modification treatments described herein (e.g., treatment time) can be selected so as to optimize the extent of surface rearrangement of polymer chains at the bonding surfaces.
Alternatively or in addition, indirect bonding techniques utilizing suitable adhesives can be used to bond first and second components of an AIOL. The adhesive can be applied to at least a portion of the bonding surfaces described herein. In many embodiments, the adhesive is selected to have similar material and mechanical properties as the first and second components. For example, the adhesive may comprise a prepolymer of the polymer of the components. The prepolymer may comprise one or more of a monomer, an oligomer, a partially cured monomer, particles, or nanoparticles of the polymer, for example. Such bonding embodiments can provide advantage in that there is no or a decreased seam—the bonded interface has similar mechanical properties as the structure. For example, the adhesive may swell similarly to the first and second components. This can be helpful when the adhesive is provided circumferentially around the first and second components as described above, as such components can swell substantially along the diameter and circumference, for example. Decreasing stresses along the bonding surfaces of an AIOL can be helpful, as the AIOL can be made smaller to decrease insertion size and may comprise thin deformable structures configured to deform with decreased stresses.
In many embodiments, the adhesive (e.g., the prepolymer) is cured to bond the first and second components together. The curing process may involve the polymerization of one or more constituents of the adhesive using techniques known to one of skill in the art. For example, precursor monomers in a prepolymer may be partially or fully polymerized by the addition of an initiator. The initiator may be a photoinitiator such as Irgacure 651 (I651, Ciba-Geigy), or a radical initiator such as 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), dilauroyl peroxide, or bis(4-t-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate, for example. In many embodiments, the monomers are polymerized in the presence of a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent may comprise one or more of EGDMA, DEGDMA, or TEGDMA. The polymerization of the monomers and crosslinking agent may form an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), which may be entangled with the first and second components, thereby joining them together. In some instances, the bonding surfaces can be activated using suitable activating agents to provide exposed reactive groups, thereby enabling the formation of chemical bonds between the bonding surfaces and the prepolymer and/or crosslinking agent. Following the polymerization process, excess reagents can be removed by rinsing, immersion in a suitable solvent, or other methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The bonding techniques described herein can be applied at any point during the fabrication of the AIOLs described herein. For example, the first and second components can be bonded to each other while in the stiff, substantially dry configuration. Each of the components can be provided in a stiff configuration for machining and bonded together with the adhesive while in a stiff configuration. The components can be subsequently hydrated. Alternatively, the components can be bonded while in a partially or fully hydrated configuration.
In many embodiments, the first and second lens components comprise a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. When cured, the adhesive comprises the copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. This configuration can allow the lens to expand from a stiff less than fully hydrated configuration, to the fully hydrated configuration with substantially swelling and inhibited stress to the components and the adhesive located along the seam. The stiff, less than fully hydrated configuration of the polymer material will be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to comprise a polymer having a sufficiently low amount of water to provide stiffness to the polymer material of the first and second components. The less than fully hydrated configuration may comprise a substantially dry configuration composed of no more than about 5% water, for example 0.2-3% water, such that the polymer material comprises sufficient stiffness for machining the material to optical tolerances as will be readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. When the AIOL is placed in the lens capsule or placed in a hydration buffer as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, for example, the polymer may swell to a hydrated state and gradually to a fully hydrated state. The polymer in the fully hydrated state may be composed of about 15% to 30% water, for example, depending on the material selected. The polymer in the fully hydrated state may swell by more than 10%, such as 10% to 15%.
At a step 3610, a block of polymer material as described herein is provided. The block of material is cut into a first component 3612 and a second component 3614. The polymer material comprises a stiff configuration as described herein.
At a step 3620, the first component 3612 and the second component 3614 are shaped into first lens component 3622 and second lens component 3624 of the AIOL. The components can be shaped in one or more of many ways such as turning on a lathe, cutting, ablation, and other known methods of shaping optical lenses. Alternatively or in combination, the components may be molded. One or more of the components 3622, 3624 comprises a feature 3626 shaped to receive the opposing component (the feature 3626 may comprise an annular groove, for example). A channel 3628 can be provided to allow fluidic communication with the chamber 3636 of the AIOL. Alternatively or in combination, the channel 3628 can be formed when the first and second components are bonded together.
At a step 3630, the first and second components 3622, 3624 are bonded together with an adhesive 3632 provided in the feature 3626. The first component 3622 and the second component 3624 define a chamber 3636.
The adhesive 3632 comprises a prepolymer of the polymer of the components 3612 and 3614. Although the components are shown provided from a single block, the polymer material can be provided with separate blocks of material having similar polymer composition.
A haptic 3638 can be affixed to the AIOL 3635, such that an internal chamber of the IOL is fluidically coupled to the chamber of the haptic. The haptic may comprise a material similar to the AIOL, or a different material. The haptic 3638 may have a thickness 3639. For example, the AIOL may comprise an acrylate as described herein and the haptic 3638 may comprise a soft silicon material. The haptic may comprise a soft material inserted into the AIOL when the AIOL comprises a stiff configuration, for example.
The AIOL in the stiff configuration comprises a dimension 3634 across, such as a diameter. The AIOL may comprise a thickness 3648 extending between an anterior most portion of the AIOL body and the posterior most portion of the AIOL body.
At a step 3640, the AIOL 3635 is hydrated to a substantially hydrated configuration to decrease stiffness, such that the AIOL comprises a soft material. In the hydrated configuration dimensions of the AIOL increase, and may increase proportionally to each other. In many embodiments, the increase comprises a similar percentage increase along each dimension.
In many embodiments, the amount of hydration in the stiff configuration comprises a predetermined amount of hydration in order to accurately machine the lens components to an appropriate amount of refractive power when the AIOL comprises the fully hydrated state when implanted in the eye.
The disc shaped optical structure of the upper component 3622 can be flat, or lens shaped, for example. The disc shaped optical structure of the lower component 3622 can be flat, or lens shaped, for example, such that one or more of the optical structures deforms to provide optical power.
While reference is made to acrylates, the polymer and prepolymer may comprise silicone hydrogel materials, for example.
The deflectable member can be configured in one or more of many ways to provide radial strength in order deflect to at least the inner portion, for example with one or more of a modulus of elasticity, a thickness, or a diameter.
The deflectable member can be coupled to the haptics in one or more of many ways so as to deflect when urged radially inward by the haptics engaging the lens capsule. In many embodiments, the deflectable member comprises sufficient radial strength to induce shape changes of at least the inner portion when the outer portion of the deflectable member is urged radially inward, or rotated, and combinations thereof. In many embodiments, the deflectable member is coupled to the lens capsule such that rotation of the haptics relative to the stiff member induces a radially inward movement and rotational deflection of an outer portion of the deflectable member. Alternatively or in combination, the haptics can be arranged to slide radially and in relation to the stiff member in order to urge the deflectable member inward with radial force and deflect the inner portion of the deflectable member with radial strength of the outer portion. The deflectable member may comprise one or more structures on the outer portion to encourage deflection, such as a concave outer portion or thinner annular region to encourage concave deflection of the outer portion and convex deflection of the inner portion, for example.
The AIOL comprises undeflected configuration 3821 for far vision and deflected configuration 3822 for near vision. The AIOL is depicted in a non-accommodating configuration with a planar configuration anterior planar deflectable member 3803 coupled to lever haptic structure 3802. An outer structure of haptic 3802 is configured to engage the lens capsule, and may comprise structures to reduce pressure on the capsule as described herein. A stiff member 3810 may comprise a lens to provide optical power for far vision. The deflectable member 3803 may comprise a substantially planar member having a substantially constant thickness, for example. The deflectable member 3803 comprises an inner optical portion 3825 and an extension 3811. Extension 3811 extends between the inner optical portion 3825 and the translating and rotating haptic structure 3802. When the inner optical portion 3825 comprises the convex deflection 3824, the fluid of the chamber beneath the inner optical portion is shaped to provide an optical correction for near vision.
The deflectable member 3803 and stiff member 3810 define at least a portion of an inner chamber 3812 as described herein.
The AIOL comprises a central thickness extending from an outer surface of the stiff member 3810 to an outer surface of the deflectable member 3803. The central thickness may comprise a first central thickness 3830 of the lens in a far vision configuration, and a second central thickness 3831 of the lens in a near vision configuration. The increase in thickness of the lens centrally is related to the increased optical power of the lens. The increased optical power of the lens is also approximately inversely related to a square of the diameter of the central optical portion. The extension portion can decrease the diameter of the optical portion and provide increased optical power for an amount of change between first distance 3830 and second distance 3831.
The stiff member 3810 is connected to haptic structure 3802, such that the haptic structure 3802 rotates when the lens accommodates for near vision. The haptic structure 3802 extends to a first anchor region such as an anchor point 3840 about which the haptic translates and rotates relative to the stiff member 3810. The haptic structure extends a distance from the first anchor region to the wall of the lens capsule. The haptic structure 3802 extends to a second anchor region such as second anchor point 3841. The second anchor region 3841 couples to the deflectable member 3803 in order to induce inward force on the deflectable member. The distance from the first region to the outer structure of the haptic engaging the lens capsule is greater than the distance from the first region to the second region. In at least some embodiments, this difference in distance can provide at least some mechanical leverage of the lens capsule forces on the deflectable member 3803. The radial force of the lens capsule on the deflectable member 3802 induces a convex deflection 3824 of the deflectable membrane. The extension 3811 comprises an opposite concave curvature.
The components of the AIOL such as the stiff member, the deflectable member, and the one or more haptics may comprise the same polymer as described herein. These components can have varying amounts of softness and stiffness depending on the thickness, for example. In many embodiments the haptic comprises a thickness to as reversibly deform at least partially when urging the deflectable member radially inward with one or more of rotation or translation in response to radially inward force from the lens capsule.
While preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the disclosure described herein may be employed in practicing the disclosure. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/860,162, entitled “ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS,” filed Sep. 21, 2015, which is a continuation of PCT Application PCT/US14/26817, entitled “ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS,” filed Mar. 13, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/881,870, entitled “ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS,” filed Sep. 24, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/828,651, entitled “ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS,” filed May 29, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/785,711, entitled “ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS,” filed Apr. 30, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/809,652, entitled “AIOL HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT REFRACTIVE INDEX MODIFIERS,” filed Apr. 8, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/804,157, entitled “AIOL WITH CAPSULE FORMED HAPTIC,” filed Mar. 21, 2013. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/860,162 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/181,145, entitled “HYDROPHILIC AIOL WITH BONDING,” filed Feb. 14, 2014, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,486,311 on Nov. 8, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. 61/764,699, entitled “HYDROPHILIC AIOL,” filed Feb. 14, 2013, and U.S. 61/764,715, entitled “HYDROPHILIC AIOL,” filed Feb. 14, 2013. The contents of each of the above applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4440918 | Rice et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
| 4663409 | Friends et al. | May 1987 | A |
| 4709996 | Michelson et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
| 4731078 | Stoy et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4731080 | Galin | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4842601 | Smith et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4892543 | Turley | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4932966 | McMaster et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4932971 | Kelman | Jun 1990 | A |
| 5074942 | Orlosky et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5211662 | Barrett et al. | May 1993 | A |
| 5217491 | Vanderbilt | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5366502 | Patel | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5405386 | Rheinish et al. | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5423929 | Grisoni et al. | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5489302 | Skottun | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5556929 | Yokoyama et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5612391 | Chabrecek et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5620720 | Glick et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5807944 | Hirt et al. | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5891931 | Leboeuf et al. | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5914355 | Kuenzler | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5944753 | Galin et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5945465 | Ozark et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5945498 | Lohmann et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 6140438 | Kawaguchi et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6346594 | Watanabe et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6447920 | Chabrecek et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6465056 | Chabrecek et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6521352 | Lohmann et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6537316 | Chambers | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6558420 | Green et al. | May 2003 | B2 |
| 6582754 | Pasic et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6586038 | Chabrecek et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6630243 | Ozark et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6660035 | Yaross et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6685741 | Landreville et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6695881 | Peng et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6713583 | Liao et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6730123 | Klopotek et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6734321 | Chabrecek et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6747090 | Haitjema et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6761737 | Ting et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6764511 | Ting et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6767363 | Green et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6767979 | Muir et al. | Jul 2004 | B1 |
| 6786934 | Ting et al. | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6797004 | Brady et al. | Sep 2004 | B1 |
| 6818017 | Shu et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
| 6818158 | Pham et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6835410 | Chabrecek et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6846326 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6858040 | Ting et al. | Feb 2005 | B2 |
| 6884261 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6893595 | Muir et al. | May 2005 | B1 |
| 6893685 | Pasic et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6899732 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6935743 | Shadduck | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6969403 | Yang et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 7041134 | Ting et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7087080 | Ting et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7097660 | Portney | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7118596 | Ting et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7198640 | Nguyen | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7217288 | Esch | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7217778 | Flipsen et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
| 7226478 | Ting et al. | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7300464 | Tran | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7416562 | Gross et al. | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7438723 | Esch | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7452378 | Ting et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7468397 | Schorzman et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7479530 | Chan et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7557231 | Schorzman et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7588334 | Matsushita et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7591849 | Richardson et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7601766 | Schorzman et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7637947 | Scholl et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7714090 | Iwamoto et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7744603 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7744646 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7781558 | Schorzman et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7806929 | Brown et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7806930 | Brown et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7842087 | Ben | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7883540 | Niwa et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7906563 | Huang et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7942929 | Linhardt et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 8003710 | Medina et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8025823 | Figueroa et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8034107 | Stenger et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8048155 | Shadduck et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8071703 | Zhou et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8105623 | Schorzman et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8158712 | Your | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8187325 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
| 8211955 | Chang et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8222360 | Liao | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8251509 | Zickler et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
| 8283429 | Zhou et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8328869 | Burns et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8357771 | Medina et al. | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8377123 | Zadno et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8414646 | Gifford et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8420711 | Awasthi et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8425595 | Evans et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8425599 | Shadduck et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8425926 | Qiu et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8430928 | Liao | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8454688 | Evans et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8486142 | Bumbalough et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8500806 | Phillips et al. | Aug 2013 | B1 |
| 8585758 | Woods | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8603166 | Park | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8609745 | Medina et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8663510 | Graney et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8680172 | Liao | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8728158 | Whitsett | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8759414 | Winter et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8784485 | Evans et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8827447 | Awasthi et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8834566 | Jones | Sep 2014 | B1 |
| 8835525 | Chang et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8851670 | Zickler et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8863749 | Gooding et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8877227 | Ravi | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8899745 | Domschke | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8900298 | Chazan et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8956409 | Ben | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8968399 | Ghabra | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8992609 | Shadduck | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8993651 | Chang et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9005492 | Chang et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9005700 | Qiu et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9006359 | Schultz et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9011532 | Catlin et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9023915 | Hu et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9034035 | Assia et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9039174 | Awasthi et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9044302 | Gooding et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9052439 | Samuel et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9052440 | Chang et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9095424 | Atkinson et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9097840 | Chang et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9125736 | Atkinson et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9186244 | Rao et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9198572 | Zickler et al. | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9198752 | Woods | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9254189 | Azar et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9265604 | Woods | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9277988 | Chu | Mar 2016 | B1 |
| 9280000 | Simonov et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9289287 | Atkinson et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9326848 | Woods | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9364316 | Kahook et al. | Jun 2016 | B1 |
| 9387069 | Atkinson et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9398949 | Werblin | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9421088 | Schieber et al. | Aug 2016 | B1 |
| 9427312 | Tai et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9456895 | Shadduck et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9486311 | Vaughan et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9498326 | Tsai et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9603703 | Bumbalough | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9622855 | Portney et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9636213 | Brady | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9655775 | Boukhny et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9681946 | Kahook et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
| 9693858 | Hildebrand et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9744027 | Jansen | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9795473 | Smiley et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9814568 | Ben Nun | Nov 2017 | B2 |
| 9907881 | Terrisse | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 10195018 | Salahieh et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
| 10350057 | Argento et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10526353 | Silvestrini | Jan 2020 | B2 |
| 10548718 | Salahieh et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10709549 | Argento et al. | Jul 2020 | B2 |
| 10736734 | Salahieh et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 11065109 | Argento et al. | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11141263 | Argento et al. | Oct 2021 | B2 |
| 20010037001 | Muller et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20010056165 | Mentak et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020055776 | Juan, Jr. | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020072795 | Green et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020086160 | Qiu et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020102415 | Valint, Jr. et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020103536 | Landreville et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020107568 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111678 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116057 | Ting et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116058 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116059 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116060 | Nguyen et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020116061 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138141 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020173847 | Pham et al. | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20020182316 | Gilliard et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20020197414 | Chabrecek et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030008063 | Chabrecek et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074060 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030074061 | Pham et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078656 | Nguyen | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078657 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030078658 | Zadno-Azizi | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030100666 | DeGroot et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030158560 | Portney | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030162929 | Verbruggen et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030224185 | Valint, Jr. et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040082993 | Woods | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040111152 | Kelman et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040166232 | Kunzler et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040169816 | Esch | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040184158 | Shadduck | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230300 | Bandhauer et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20050013842 | Qiu et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050049700 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055092 | Nguyen et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119740 | Esch et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050149183 | Shadduck et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050153055 | Ammon et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050165410 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050228120 | Hughes et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050228401 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20060069432 | Tran | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100701 | Esch | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060100703 | Evans et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060116765 | Blake et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060178741 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060241752 | Israel | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060259139 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060271187 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070027540 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070050025 | Nguyen et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070078515 | Brady | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070088433 | Esch et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070092830 | Lai et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070106377 | Smith et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070108643 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070122540 | Salamone et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070201138 | Lo et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070203317 | Verbruggen et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070213817 | Esch et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070232755 | Matsushita et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070269488 | Ravi et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20080001318 | Schorzman et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080003259 | Salamone et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080003261 | Schorzman et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080015689 | Esch et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080027461 | Vaquero et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046074 | Smith et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076897 | Kunzler et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080139769 | Iwamoto et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080143958 | Medina et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080181931 | Qiu et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080234457 | Zhou et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080300680 | Joshua et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080314767 | Lai et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090043384 | Niwa | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090076603 | Avery et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118739 | Kappelhof et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090143499 | Chang et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090168012 | Linhardt et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090170976 | Huang et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090171459 | Linhardt et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090204210 | Pynson | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090232871 | Hitz et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090247661 | Müller-Lierheim et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090292355 | Boyd et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20100016964 | Werblin | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100119744 | Yokoyama et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100120938 | Phelan et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100120939 | Phelan et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100121444 | Ben et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100160482 | Nachbaur et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100179653 | Argento et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100211170 | Liao et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100228346 | Esch et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100239633 | Strome et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100324674 | Brown et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110009519 | Awasthi et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110046332 | Breiner et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110112636 | Ben Nun | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110118379 | Tighe et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110118834 | Lo et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110133350 | Qiu et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110140292 | Chang et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110144228 | Ravi et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110264209 | Wiechmann et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110269869 | Medina et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282442 | Scholl et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110295368 | Betser et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120010321 | Chang et al. | Jan 2012 | A1 |
| 20120023869 | Samuel et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120033183 | Dai et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120041097 | Zhou et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120046743 | Pinchuk et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120063000 | Batchko et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078363 | Lu | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120078364 | Stenger | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120088843 | Chang et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120088844 | Kuyu et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120088861 | Huang et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120115979 | Chang et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120147323 | Domschke et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120238857 | Wong et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120245684 | Liao et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120314183 | Nakamura et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120330415 | Callahan et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130013060 | Zadno-Azizi et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130053954 | Rao et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130095235 | Bothe et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130106007 | Medina et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110234 | DeVita et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130116781 | Ben et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130150961 | Evans et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130176628 | Batchko et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130197125 | Awasthi et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130224309 | Qiu et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130228943 | Qiu et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130245756 | Liao et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130289294 | Awasthi et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130304203 | Beer | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130317607 | DeBoer et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20140055750 | Dai et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140171539 | Chang et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140171542 | Chang | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140178595 | Bothe et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140180403 | Silvestrini et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140180406 | Simpson | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140180407 | Sohn et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140228949 | Argento et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140277439 | Hu et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140309735 | Sohn et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140316521 | McLeod et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140350124 | Chang et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
| 20140379079 | Ben | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150088149 | Auld | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150092155 | Chang et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150105760 | Silvestrini et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150152228 | Chang et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150164321 | Weibel et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150173892 | Borja et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150177417 | Goshima et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150351901 | Chicevic et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160000558 | Honigsbaum et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160008126 | Vaughan et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160030161 | Rao et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
| 20160058553 | Vaughan et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160074154 | Woods | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160100938 | Weeber et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160128826 | Rao et al. | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160151150 | Sato | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160184091 | Burns et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160184092 | Flaherty et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160250020 | Schieber et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160256265 | Borja et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160262875 | Smiley et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160278914 | Sato et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160296320 | Humayun et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160296662 | Dudic et al. | Oct 2016 | A1 |
| 20160317286 | Rao et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160317287 | Rao et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160331587 | Ueno et al. | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160361157 | Honigsbaum | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170000602 | Sohn et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170020662 | Shadduck | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170049561 | Smiley et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170049562 | Argento et al. | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| 20170119521 | Kahook et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
| 20170258581 | Borja et al. | Sep 2017 | A1 |
| 20170348094 | Sohn et al. | Dec 2017 | A1 |
| 20180110613 | Wortz et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180161152 | Argento et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20180177589 | Argento et al. | Jun 2018 | A1 |
| 20190159890 | Salahieh et al. | May 2019 | A1 |
| 20190274823 | Argento et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190290422 | Ben Nun | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190374334 | Brady et al. | Dec 2019 | A1 |
| 20200121447 | Argento et al. | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| 20200146813 | Argento et al. | May 2020 | A1 |
| 20200397566 | Salahieh et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20210030529 | Adams et al. | Feb 2021 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2006200142 | Jul 2006 | AU |
| 2015361227 | Apr 2017 | AU |
| 2010203427 | May 2017 | AU |
| 2012335677 | Jun 2017 | AU |
| 2015258287 | Dec 2017 | AU |
| 2973684 | Jul 2016 | CA |
| 2974639 | Aug 2016 | CA |
| 2987311 | Dec 2016 | CA |
| 2752046 | Apr 2017 | CA |
| 1285722 | Feb 2001 | CN |
| 1795090 | Jun 2006 | CN |
| 101031257 | Sep 2007 | CN |
| 101641060 | Nov 2007 | CN |
| 101277659 | Oct 2008 | CN |
| 101360468 | Feb 2009 | CN |
| 101547663 | Sep 2009 | CN |
| 101069106 | Feb 2010 | CN |
| 103946251 | Jul 2014 | CN |
| 104725553 | Jun 2015 | CN |
| 108472129 | Aug 2018 | CN |
| 0604369 | Jun 1994 | EP |
| 0734269 | Oct 1996 | EP |
| 0784652 | Jul 1997 | EP |
| 0800511 | Oct 1997 | EP |
| 0820601 | Jan 1998 | EP |
| 0826158 | Mar 1998 | EP |
| 0898972 | Mar 1999 | EP |
| 0907668 | Apr 1999 | EP |
| 0930357 | Jul 1999 | EP |
| 0604369 | Aug 1999 | EP |
| 0826158 | Sep 1999 | EP |
| 0947856 | Oct 1999 | EP |
| 0820601 | Dec 1999 | EP |
| 0800511 | Jan 2000 | EP |
| 0989138 | Mar 2000 | EP |
| 1084428 | Mar 2001 | EP |
| 1088246 | Apr 2001 | EP |
| 1090313 | Apr 2001 | EP |
| 1095711 | May 2001 | EP |
| 1095965 | May 2001 | EP |
| 1095966 | May 2001 | EP |
| 1109853 | Jun 2001 | EP |
| 0907668 | Sep 2001 | EP |
| 1141054 | Oct 2001 | EP |
| 1187873 | Mar 2002 | EP |
| 1200019 | May 2002 | EP |
| 1227773 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1230041 | Aug 2002 | EP |
| 1266246 | Dec 2002 | EP |
| 0898972 | Apr 2003 | EP |
| 1341485 | Sep 2003 | EP |
| 1364663 | Nov 2003 | EP |
| 1095711 | Jan 2004 | EP |
| 1141054 | Feb 2004 | EP |
| 1395302 | Mar 2004 | EP |
| 1410074 | Apr 2004 | EP |
| 1266246 | Jun 2004 | EP |
| 1109853 | Sep 2004 | EP |
| 1187873 | Sep 2004 | EP |
| 1084428 | Nov 2004 | EP |
| 1472305 | Nov 2004 | EP |
| 1230041 | Dec 2004 | EP |
| 0989138 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 1095965 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 1395302 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 1507811 | Feb 2005 | EP |
| 1524953 | Apr 2005 | EP |
| 1200019 | Sep 2005 | EP |
| 1095966 | Jan 2006 | EP |
| 1660153 | May 2006 | EP |
| 1353611 | Sep 2006 | EP |
| 1696975 | Sep 2006 | EP |
| 1341485 | Nov 2006 | EP |
| 1723933 | Nov 2006 | EP |
| 1723934 | Nov 2006 | EP |
| 1750157 | Feb 2007 | EP |
| 1088246 | Nov 2007 | EP |
| 1857477 | Nov 2007 | EP |
| 1227773 | Jan 2008 | EP |
| 1888660 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1890650 | Feb 2008 | EP |
| 1902737 | Mar 2008 | EP |
| 1723933 | Nov 2008 | EP |
| 2035050 | Mar 2009 | EP |
| 2035480 | Mar 2009 | EP |
| 2035486 | Mar 2009 | EP |
| 1723934 | Jun 2009 | EP |
| 2066732 | Jun 2009 | EP |
| 2077292 | Jul 2009 | EP |
| 2092376 | Aug 2009 | EP |
| 1648534 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2094193 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2109784 | Oct 2009 | EP |
| 2120789 | Nov 2009 | EP |
| 2126614 | Dec 2009 | EP |
| 2035480 | Feb 2010 | EP |
| 2170708 | Apr 2010 | EP |
| 2185589 | May 2010 | EP |
| 2231207 | Sep 2010 | EP |
| 1750157 | Oct 2010 | EP |
| 2235094 | Oct 2010 | EP |
| 2276513 | Jan 2011 | EP |
| 2292672 | Mar 2011 | EP |
| 2356170 | Aug 2011 | EP |
| 2356497 | Aug 2011 | EP |
| 2109784 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 2396355 | Dec 2011 | EP |
| 2035486 | Apr 2012 | EP |
| 2452212 | May 2012 | EP |
| 1857477 | Jun 2012 | EP |
| 1410074 | Oct 2012 | EP |
| 2092376 | Oct 2012 | EP |
| 2510051 | Oct 2012 | EP |
| 2513711 | Oct 2012 | EP |
| 2514791 | Oct 2012 | EP |
| 2356170 | Dec 2012 | EP |
| 2538266 | Dec 2012 | EP |
| 2563275 | Mar 2013 | EP |
| 2597113 | May 2013 | EP |
| 2598936 | Jun 2013 | EP |
| 2077292 | Aug 2013 | EP |
| 2625216 | Aug 2013 | EP |
| 2625217 | Aug 2013 | EP |
| 2625218 | Aug 2013 | EP |
| 2652532 | Oct 2013 | EP |
| 1830898 | Mar 2014 | EP |
| 2766750 | Aug 2014 | EP |
| 2452212 | Mar 2015 | EP |
| 2934383 | Oct 2015 | EP |
| 2200536 | Jan 2016 | EP |
| 2976042 | Jan 2016 | EP |
| 3185818 | Mar 2016 | EP |
| 2129331 | Apr 2016 | EP |
| 3003217 | Apr 2016 | EP |
| 3025678 | Jun 2016 | EP |
| 2259750 | Jul 2016 | EP |
| 2934383 | Jul 2016 | EP |
| 3062741 | Sep 2016 | EP |
| 3072476 | Sep 2016 | EP |
| 1999188 | Nov 2016 | EP |
| 2685935 | Nov 2016 | EP |
| 2094193 | Jan 2017 | EP |
| 2683287 | Feb 2017 | EP |
| 3062742 | Feb 2017 | EP |
| 3157466 | Apr 2017 | EP |
| 3160404 | May 2017 | EP |
| 3160683 | May 2017 | EP |
| 3049023 | Jun 2017 | EP |
| 3174500 | Jun 2017 | EP |
| 3181094 | Jun 2017 | EP |
| 2539351 | Jul 2017 | EP |
| 2283058 | Oct 2007 | ES |
| 2653325 | Apr 1991 | FR |
| 59-501897 | Nov 1984 | JP |
| 01-223970 | Sep 1989 | JP |
| 2002372688 | Dec 2002 | JP |
| 2006-518222 | Aug 2006 | JP |
| 2007-506516 | Mar 2007 | JP |
| 2007-517616 | Jul 2007 | JP |
| 2010-517639 | May 2010 | JP |
| 2012-532685 | Dec 2012 | JP |
| 2016-534816 | Nov 2016 | JP |
| 9007545 | Jul 1990 | WO |
| 9007575 | Jul 1990 | WO |
| 9516475 | Jun 1995 | WO |
| 9611235 | Apr 1996 | WO |
| 9620919 | Jul 1996 | WO |
| 9631791 | Oct 1996 | WO |
| 9636890 | Nov 1996 | WO |
| 9749740 | Dec 1997 | WO |
| 9917684 | Apr 1999 | WO |
| 9929818 | Jun 1999 | WO |
| 9957581 | Nov 1999 | WO |
| 9960428 | Nov 1999 | WO |
| 9963366 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| 2000004078 | Jan 2000 | WO |
| 2000071613 | Nov 2000 | WO |
| 2001008607 | Feb 2001 | WO |
| 2001030512 | May 2001 | WO |
| 2001034067 | May 2001 | WO |
| 2001071392 | Sep 2001 | WO |
| WO2002004196 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| 2002047583 | Jun 2002 | WO |
| 2002094331 | Nov 2002 | WO |
| 2003009014 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| 2003066707 | Aug 2003 | WO |
| 2003097711 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| 2004010905 | Feb 2004 | WO |
| 2004046768 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004052242 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004053536 | Jun 2004 | WO |
| 2004054471 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004058318 | Jul 2004 | WO |
| 2004072689 | Aug 2004 | WO |
| 2005023331 | Mar 2005 | WO |
| 2005065734 | Jul 2005 | WO |
| 2006047383 | May 2006 | WO |
| 2006103674 | Oct 2006 | WO |
| 2006126095 | Nov 2006 | WO |
| 2007005778 | Jan 2007 | WO |
| 2007047529 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| 2007047530 | Apr 2007 | WO |
| 2007050394 | May 2007 | WO |
| 2007064594 | Jun 2007 | WO |
| 2008005644 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| 2008005652 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| 2008005752 | Jan 2008 | WO |
| 2008024766 | Feb 2008 | WO |
| 2008039655 | Apr 2008 | WO |
| 2008076729 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| 2008077040 | Jun 2008 | WO |
| 2008082957 | Jul 2008 | WO |
| 2008094876 | Aug 2008 | WO |
| 2008103798 | Aug 2008 | WO |
| 2008107882 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| 2008116132 | Sep 2008 | WO |
| 2008151088 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009002703 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009002789 | Dec 2008 | WO |
| 2009015161 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009015226 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009015234 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009015240 | Jan 2009 | WO |
| 2009085755 | Jul 2009 | WO |
| 2009085756 | Jul 2009 | WO |
| 2009127844 | Oct 2009 | WO |
| 2010056686 | May 2010 | WO |
| 2010056687 | May 2010 | WO |
| 2010081093 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| 2010093823 | Aug 2010 | WO |
| 2011005937 | Jan 2011 | WO |
| 2011026068 | Mar 2011 | WO |
| 2011071790 | Jun 2011 | WO |
| 2011075377 | Jun 2011 | WO |
| 2011106435 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| 2012006616 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| 2012015639 | Feb 2012 | WO |
| 2012047961 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| 2012047964 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| 2012047969 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| 2012082704 | Jun 2012 | WO |
| 2012129407 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| 2012129419 | Sep 2012 | WO |
| 2013055746 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| 2013059195 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| 2013070924 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013158942 | Oct 2013 | WO |
| 2013166068 | Nov 2013 | WO |
| 2014093751 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014093764 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014095690 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014099630 | Jun 2014 | WO |
| 2014143926 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| 2014149462 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| 2014152017 | Sep 2014 | WO |
| 2015038620 | Mar 2015 | WO |
| 2015048279 | Apr 2015 | WO |
| 2015066502 | May 2015 | WO |
| WO2015066532 | May 2015 | WO |
| 2015148673 | Oct 2015 | WO |
| 2016018932 | Feb 2016 | WO |
| WO2016018932 | Feb 2016 | WO |
| 2016033217 | Mar 2016 | WO |
| 2016038470 | Mar 2016 | WO |
| 2016061233 | Apr 2016 | WO |
| 2016122805 | Aug 2016 | WO |
| WO2016133558 | Aug 2016 | WO |
| 2016140708 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| 2016195095 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2016201351 | Dec 2016 | WO |
| 2017079449 | May 2017 | WO |
| 2017079733 | May 2017 | WO |
| 2017087358 | May 2017 | WO |
| WO2017084551 | May 2017 | WO |
| 2017208230 | Dec 2017 | WO |
| 2017221196 | Dec 2017 | WO |
| 2017223544 | Dec 2017 | WO |
| 2018119408 | Jun 2018 | WO |
| 2020219456 | Oct 2020 | WO |
| 2021007535 | Jan 2021 | WO |
| WO2021158882 | Aug 2021 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Final Office Action dated Mar. 3, 2016 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/181,145 for Argento, C et al., filed Feb. 14, 2014. |
| International search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2014/026817, filed Aug. 28, 2014, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Aug. 28, 2014, 29 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Application No. PCT/US2015/046998, filed Aug. 26, 2015, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Nov. 30, 2015, 13 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Apr. 13, 2017 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/860,162 for Salahieh, A. et al., filed Sep. 21, 2015. |
| Final Office Action dated Mar. 6, 2019 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/860,162, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Sep. 21, 2015, 28 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Jul. 7, 2016 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/181,145 for Argento, C. et al., filed Feb. 14, 2014. |
| Restriction Requirement dated Jul. 17, 2017 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/836,646 for Salahieh, A. et al., filed Aug. 26, 2015. |
| Umbrecht, et al. “Solvent assisted bonding of polymethylmethacrylate: characterization using the response surface methodology,” Jan. 2008, pp. 1325-1328. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/068226, filed Dec. 22, 2017, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Apr. 17, 2018, 15 pages. |
| English translation of first Japanese Office Action issued for Patent Application No. 2018-134150; dated Jul. 19, 2019, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 7 pages. |
| English translation of Japanese Office Action issued for Patent Application No. 2016-504315; dated Jan. 16, 2018, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 5 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2018/036548, filed Jun. 7, 2018, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Aug. 30, 2018, 8 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Jun. 6, 2018 for U.S. Appl. No. 14/860,162, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Sep. 21, 2015, 26 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Aug. 2, 2018 for U.S. Appl. No. 15/345,278, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Nov. 7, 2016, 36 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Aug. 15, 2018 for U.S. Appl. No. 15/890,631, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Feb. 7, 2018, 8 pages. |
| Supplementary European Search Report dated Nov. 15, 2016 for European Patent Application No. 14769563.9, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filing date: Mar. 13, 2014, 9 pages. |
| Australian Examination Report 1 dated Sep. 27, 2018 for Australian Patent Application No. 2014236688, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filing date: Mar. 13, 2014, 3 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2018/034858, filed May 29, 2018, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Sep. 17, 2018, 9 pages. |
| English translation of Japanese Final Office Action issued for Patent Application No. 2016-504315; dated Nov. 1, 2018, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 4 pages. |
| Notice of Allowance dated Feb. 27, 2019 for U.S. Appl. No. 15/345,278, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Nov. 17, 2016, 18 pages. |
| English translation of Chinese First Office Action issued for Patent Application No. 2017108671493; dated Dec. 26, 2018, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 6 pages. |
| Non-Final Office Action dated Apr. 12, 2019 for U.S. Appl. No. 15/890,631, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filed Feb. 7, 2018, 11 pages. |
| Klank, et al. “CO2-laser micromachining and back-end processing for rapid production of PMMA-based microfluidic systems,” Lab Chip, 2002, 2, 242-246. |
| Tsao, et al. “Bonding of thermoplastic polymer microfluidics. Microfluid Nanofuild,” 2009, 6:1-16. |
| Umbrecht, et al. “Solvent assisted bonding of polymethylmethacrylate: characterization using the response surface methodology,” 2008, pp. 1325-1328. |
| Liang et al., “Bionic intraocular lens with variable focus and integrated structure,” Optical Engineering 2015, vol. 54, No. 10, Article No. 105106, Internal pp. 1-7. |
| English translation of First Chinese Office Action dated Sep. 10, 2020 for Chinese Patent Application No. 201780087361.6, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filing date Dec. 23, 2017, 11 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/029131, filed Apr. 21, 2020, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Sep. 21, 2020, 15 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/041644, filed Jul. 10, 2020, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Oct. 27, 2020, 11 pages. |
| European Extended Search Report dated Jan. 27, 2021 for European Patent Application No. 18809676.2, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, filing date: May 29, 2018, 8 pages. |
| Chinese Office Action dated Jun. 3, 2021 for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880050631.0, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 7 pages. |
| Chinese Office Action dated Feb. 7, 2021 for Chinese Patent Application No. 201680079359.X, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/US2021/016760, filed Feb. 5, 2021, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, dated Jun. 9, 2021, 14 pages. |
| Chinese Office Action dated Aug. 20, 2021 for Chinese Patent Application No. 201910547059.5, Applicant: Shifamed Holdings, LLC, 10 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200306031 A1 | Oct 2020 | US | |
| 20210378815 A9 | Dec 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61881870 | Sep 2013 | US | |
| 61828651 | May 2013 | US | |
| 61785711 | Apr 2013 | US | |
| 61809652 | Apr 2013 | US | |
| 61804157 | Mar 2013 | US | |
| 61764699 | Feb 2013 | US | |
| 61764715 | Feb 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14860162 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 16779910 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US2014/026817 | Mar 2014 | US |
| Child | 14860162 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14181145 | Feb 2014 | US |
| Child | PCT/US2014/026817 | US |
