Patent Application
20250229213
The present invention relates to an acid gas adsorption device.
In recent years, an attempt has been made to separate and capture an acid gas in the atmosphere in order to reduce an environmental load. Such acid gas is, for example, carbon dioxide (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CO2”), which is a main cause of global warming. As a typical example of such attempt, a Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) cycle has been known. As a carbon dioxide adsorption device to be used for such separation and capture of carbon dioxide, there has been proposed a gas separation unit including a carbon dioxide adsorption part having a pellet structure (see, for example, Patent Literature 1). In such a gas separation unit, after a carbon dioxide adsorption material adsorbs CO2 at a predetermined adsorption temperature, and is then heated to a desorption temperature exceeding the adsorption temperature, CO2 that has been adsorbed by the carbon dioxide adsorption material is desorbed. When a desorption gas is supplied to the carbon dioxide adsorption part so as to pass therethrough, the desorbed CO2 is captured together with the desorption gas. In the gas separation unit described in Patent Literature 1, however, the carbon dioxide adsorption part has a pellet structure. Thus, it is difficult to cause the desorption gas to flow uniformly through the entirety of the carbon dioxide adsorption part. In addition, because of a long distance of flow of the desorption gas, a temperature of the desorption gas decreases as the desorption gas flows downstream. Thus, a temperature distribution may occur in the carbon dioxide adsorption part due to non-uniformity in flow rate of the desorption gas in the carbon dioxide adsorption part and a decrease in temperature of the desorption gas. As a result, the temperature of the carbon dioxide adsorption part locally becomes less than the desorption temperature, and thus there arises a problem in that CO2 cannot be sufficiently desorbed from the carbon dioxide adsorption material.
[PTL 1] WO 2014/170184 A1
A primary object of the present invention is to provide an acid gas adsorption device capable of stably desorbing an acid gas from an acid gas adsorption material.
[1] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an acid gas adsorption device including an acid gas adsorption part that allows passage of a target gas to be treated in a predetermined direction. The acid gas adsorption part includes a first adsorption portion and a second adsorption portion. The second adsorption portion is arranged on a downstream side of the first adsorption portion in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated so as to be spaced apart from the first adsorption portion. The first adsorption portion includes first flow passages. The second adsorption portion includes second flow passages. A first desorption gas flow passage communicating with the first flow passages and the second flow passages is defined between the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
[2] In the acid gas adsorption device according to the above-mentioned item [1], each of the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion may include: a honeycomb-like base material including a plurality of cells, each extending from a first end surface to a second end surface; and acid gas adsorption layers, which are positioned in the cells, respectively, and include an acid gas adsorption material. The cells of the first adsorption portion include the first flow passages, and the cells of the second adsorption portion include the second flow passages.
[3] In the acid gas adsorption device according to the above-mentioned item [1] or [2], the acid gas may be carbon dioxide.
[4] The acid gas adsorption device according to any one of the above-mentioned items [1] to [3] may further include a case and a first on-off valve. The case houses the acid gas adsorption part. The first on-off valve is housed in the case, and is capable of opening and closing an internal space of the case. The first on-off valve is arranged on an upstream side of the first adsorption portion in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. When the first on-off valve is in a closed state, a second desorption gas flow passage communicating with the first flow passages may be defined between the first on-off valve and the first adsorption portion in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
[5] In the acid gas adsorption device according to the above-mentioned item [4], the case may have an inflow port, an outflow port, and a first opening. The inflow port is positioned at one end of the case in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. The outflow port is positioned at another end of the case in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. The first opening communicates with the first desorption gas flow passage. A part of the internal space of the case, in which the first on-off valve is arranged, may be formed as a first opening and closing port to be opened and closed by the first on-off valve. An opening area of the first opening and closing port may be larger than an opening area of the first opening.
[6] The acid gas adsorption device according to any one of the above-mentioned items [1] to [5] may further include a case and a second on-off valve. The case houses the acid gas adsorption part. The second on-off valve is housed in the case, and is capable of opening and closing an internal space of the case. The second on-off valve is arranged on a downstream side of the second adsorption portion in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. When the second on-off valve is in a closed state, a third desorption gas flow passage communicating with the second flow passages may be defined between the second adsorption portion and the second on-off valve in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
[7] In the acid gas adsorption device according to the above-mentioned item [6], the case may have an inflow port, an outflow port, and a first opening. The inflow port is positioned at one end of the case in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. The outflow port is positioned at another end of the case in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. The first opening communicates with the first desorption gas flow passage. A part of the internal space of the case, in which the second on-off valve is arranged, may be formed as a second opening and closing port to be opened and closed by the second on-off valve. An opening area of the second opening and closing port may be larger than an opening area of the first opening.
[8] In the acid gas adsorption device according to any one of the above-mentioned items [1] to [7], the first adsorption portion may be divided into a plurality of blocks in a direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
[9] In the acid gas adsorption device according to any one of the above-mentioned items [1] to [8], the second adsorption portion may be divided into a plurality of blocks in a direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, the acid gas adsorption device capable of stably desorbing the acid gas from the acid gas adsorption material can be achieved.
Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For clearer illustration, some widths, thicknesses, shapes, and the like of respective portions may be schematically illustrated in the drawings in comparison to the embodiments. However, the widths, the thicknesses, the shapes, and the like are merely an example, and do not limit understanding of the present invention.
An acid gas adsorption device 100 of the illustrated example includes an acid gas adsorption part 10 that allows passage of a target gas to be treated in a predetermined direction. The acid gas adsorption part 10 includes a first adsorption portion 1 and a second adsorption portion 2. The second adsorption portion 2 is arranged on a downstream side of the first adsorption portion 1 in a direction of passage of the target gas to be treated so as to be spaced apart from the first adsorption portion 1. The first adsorption portion 1 includes first flow passages 94a. The second adsorption portion 2 includes second flow passages 94b. A first desorption gas flow passage 11 communicating with the first flow passages 94a and the second flow passages 94b is defined between the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
With such a configuration, the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion are arranged so as to be spaced apart from each other in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated, and the first desorption gas flow passage is defined therebetween. The first desorption gas flow passage communicates with the first flow passages of the first adsorption portion and the second flow passages of the second adsorption portion. Thus, in a desorption step described later, a desorption gas can be supplied to the first flow passages and the second flow passages via the first desorption gas flow passage (see
In one embodiment, each of the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2 includes a honeycomb-like base material 9 and acid gas adsorption layers 5 (see
In the acid gas adsorption part 10 of the illustrated example, the plurality of cells 93 extend in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated, and are arranged in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Thus, in the first adsorption portion 1, the plurality of first flow passages 94a are arranged in parallel in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. In the second adsorption portion 2, the plurality of second flow passages 94b of the second adsorption portion 2 are arranged in parallel in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
In the illustrated example, the first desorption gas flow passage 11 extends in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated, and communicates with all of the plurality of first flow passages 94a and the plurality of second flow passages 94b.
A dimension of the first adsorption portion 1 with respect to a dimension of the second adsorption portion 2 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 0.5 or more, preferably 0.8 or more, and is, for example, 1.5 or less, preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1. Each of the dimension of the first adsorption portion 1 and the dimension of the second adsorption portion 2 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 0.25 m or more, preferably 0.30 m or more, and is, for example, 1.0 m or less, preferably 0.5 m or less.
When the dimension of the first adsorption portion falls within the above-mentioned ranges, a length of the first flow passages of the first adsorption portion and a length of the second flow passages of the second adsorption portion can be ensured in a well-balanced manner. Thus, the generation of a temperature difference between the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion in the desorption step can be suppressed, and hence the acid gas can be more stably desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material.
A dimension of the first desorption gas flow passage 11 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is a distance between the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2, and is a width of the first desorption gas flow passage 11 when viewed from the direction (depth direction on the drawing sheet of
The dimension of the first desorption gas flow passage 11 with respect to the dimension of the first adsorption portion 1 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 1/100 or more, preferably 1/20 or more, and is, for example, ⅕ or less, preferably 1/10 or less. The dimension of the first desorption gas flow passage 11 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 0.2 cm or more, preferably 0.5 cm or more, and is, for example, 5 cm or less, preferably 2 cm or less. With such a design, permeation resistance through the adsorption portions becomes sufficiently larger than permeation resistance through the desorption gas flow passage. Thus, the distribution of the desorption gas becomes uniform. The dimension of the desorption gas flow passage is determined based on the resistance in the adsorption portions. However, as long as the distribution of the desorption gas is uniform, the dimension of the desorption gas flow passage can be appropriately changed in accordance with intended effects. Further, when the dimension of the first desorption gas flow passage falls within the above-mentioned ranges, stagnation of the target gas to be treated in the first desorption gas flow passage in an adsorption step described later can be suppressed, and smooth passage of the desorption gas can be achieved in the desorption step described later.
In one embodiment, during the passage of the desorption gas, a pressure loss in the first adsorption portion 1 is larger than a pressure loss in the first desorption gas flow passage 11, and a pressure loss in the second adsorption portion 2 is larger than the pressure loss in the first desorption gas flow passage 11.
Each of a dimension of the first adsorption portion 1 and a dimension of the second adsorption portion 2 in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is not limited to any particular dimension, and the dimension is, for example, 1.5 m or more, preferably 2.0 m or more, and is, for example, 4.0 m or less, preferably 3.0 m or less.
In one embodiment, the acid gas adsorption device 100 further includes a case 6. The case 6 houses the acid gas adsorption part 10 including the first adsorption portion 1, the second adsorption portion 2, and the first desorption gas flow passage 11. In the illustrated example, the case 6 has a tubular shape extending in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. One end of the case 6 is formed as an inflow port 64, and another end of the case 6 is formed as an outflow port 65.
In other words, the case 6 has the inflow port 64 and the outflow port 65. The inflow port 64 is positioned at one end of the case 6 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. In the adsorption step described later, the target gas to be treated passes through the inflow port 64 to flow into an internal space of the case 6. Further, the outflow port 65 is positioned at another end of the case 6 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. In the desorption step described later, a treated gas, which has a reduced acid gas concentration after having passed through the acid gas adsorption part 10, passes through the outflow port 65 to flow out of the case 6.
An opening area of the inflow port 64 and an opening area of the outflow port 65 may be the same, or may be different from each other. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the inflow port 64 and the opening area of the outflow port 65 are the same.
A first opening 61 communicating with the first desorption gas flow passage 11 is typically formed in a side wall of the case 6. In other words, the case 6 further has the first opening 61. A direction in which the first opening 61 extends may be parallel to a direction in which the first desorption gas flow passage 11 extends, or may be inclined so as to intersect with the direction in which the first desorption gas flow passage 11 extends. In the illustrated example, the direction in which the first opening 61 extends is parallel to the direction in which the first desorption gas flow passage 11 extends.
In the illustrated example, a first valve 16 is provided at the first opening 61. A desorption gas supply unit (not shown) capable of supplying the desorption gas to the first desorption gas flow passage 11 is connected to the first opening 61 through intermediation of the first valve 16.
In one embodiment, the acid gas adsorption device 100 further includes a first on-off valve 7. The first on-off valve 7 is housed in the case 6, and is capable of opening and closing the internal space of the case 6. The first on-off valve 7 is arranged on an upstream side of the first adsorption portion 1 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Examples of the first on-off valve 7 include a ball valve, a gate valve, and a butterfly valve. In the illustrated example, the first on-off valve 7 is a butterfly valve. When the first on-off valve 7 is in a closed state, a second desorption gas flow passage 12 communicating with the first flow passages 94a is defined between the first on-off valve 7 and the first adsorption portion 1 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. With such a configuration, the first desorption gas flow passage and the second desorption gas flow passage allow the desorption gas to flow smoothly and uniformly through the entirety of the first adsorption portion. Thus, the acid gas can be stably desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material in the first adsorption portion.
In one embodiment, a part of the internal space of the case 6, in which the first on-off valve 7 is arranged, is formed as a first opening and closing port 70 to be opened and closed by the first on-off valve 7. An opening area of the first opening and closing port 70 is typically larger than an opening area of the first opening 61. The opening area of the first opening and closing port 70 is, for example, 8 to 12 times larger than the opening area of the first opening 61. When the opening area of the first opening and closing port and the opening area of the first opening have such a relationship, the distribution of flow of the desorption gas can be maintained uniform in the desorption step while a pressure loss in the adsorption step is kept low. Thus, the acid gas can be sufficiently desorbed.
The opening area of the first opening and closing port 70 may be the same as the opening area of the inflow port 64, or may be different from the opening area of the inflow port 64. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the first opening and closing port 70 is larger than the opening area of the inflow port 64. As a result, the distribution of flow of the desorption gas can be maintained uniform in the desorption step while a pressure loss in the adsorption step is kept low. Thus, the acid gas can be sufficiently desorbed.
The opening area of the first opening and closing port 70 is an area of a portion surrounded by the side wall of the case 6 on a cross section of the case 6, which is taken at the position of the first on-off valve 7 in the direction orthogonal to an axial direction (direction of passage of the target gas to be treated) of the case 6.
In the illustrated example, the second desorption gas flow passage 12 is positioned on a side opposite to the first desorption gas flow passage 11 with respect to the first adsorption portion 1. The second desorption gas flow passage 12 extends in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated, and communicates with all of the plurality of first flow passages 94a.
A dimension of the second desorption gas flow passage 12 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is a distance between the first adsorption portion 1 and the first on-off valve 7 being in the closed state, and is a width of the second desorption gas flow passage 12 when viewed from the direction (depth direction on the drawing sheet of
The maximum dimension of the second desorption gas flow passage 12 with respect to the dimension of the first adsorption portion 1 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 1/100 or more, preferably 1/20 or more, and is, for example, ⅕ or less, preferably 1/10 or less. The maximum dimension of the second desorption gas flow passage 12 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is, for example, 0.2 cm or more, preferably 0.5 cm or more, and is, for example, 5 cm or less, preferably 2 cm or less. When the maximum dimension of the second desorption gas flow passage falls within the above-mentioned ranges, smooth passage of the desorption gas can be achieved in the desorption step described later.
In one embodiment, during the passage of the desorption gas, the pressure loss in the first adsorption portion 1 is larger than a pressure loss in the second desorption gas flow passage 12.
In one embodiment, a second opening 62 communicating with the second desorption gas flow passage 12 is formed in the side wall of the case 6. In other words, the case 6 further has the second opening 62. A direction in which the second opening 62 extends may be parallel to a direction in which the second desorption gas flow passage 12 extends (see
In the illustrated example, a second valve 17 is provided at the second opening 62. A capture unit (not shown) for capturing the desorption gas containing the acid gas desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material is connected to the second opening 62 through intermediation of the second valve 17.
An opening area of the second opening 62 may be the same as the opening area of the first opening 61, or may be different from the opening area of the first opening 61. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the second opening 62 is the same as the opening area of the first opening 61. The opening area of the second opening 62 is typically smaller than the opening area of the first opening and closing port 70.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
In one embodiment, a part of the internal space of the case 6, in which the second on-off valve 8 is arranged, is formed as a second opening and closing port 80 to be opened and closed by the second on-off valve 8. An opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 is typically larger than the opening area of each of the first opening 61 and the second opening 62. The opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 is, for example, 8 to 12 times larger than the opening area of the first opening 61. When the opening area of the second opening and closing port and the opening area of the first opening have such a relationship, the distribution of flow of the desorption gas can be maintained uniform in the desorption step while a pressure loss in the adsorption step is kept low.
The opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 may be the same as the opening area of the first opening and closing port 70, or may be different from the opening area of the first opening and closing port 70. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 is the same as the opening area of the first opening and closing port 70.
Further, the opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 may be the same as the opening area of the outflow port 65, or may be different from the opening area of the outflow port 65. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 is larger than the opening area of the outflow port 65. As a result, the distribution of flow of the desorption gas can be maintained uniform in the desorption step while a pressure loss in the adsorption step is kept low.
The opening area of the second opening and closing port 80 is an area of a portion surrounded by the side wall of the case 6 on a cross section of the case 6, which is taken at the position of the second on-off valve 8 in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction (direction of passage of the target gas to be treated) of the case 6.
In the illustrated example, the third desorption gas flow passage 13 is positioned on a side opposite to the first desorption gas flow passage 11 with respect to the second adsorption portion 2. The third desorption gas flow passage 13 extends in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated, and communicates with all of the plurality of second flow passages 94b.
A dimension of the third desorption gas flow passage 13 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated is a distance between the second adsorption portion 2 and the second on-off valve 8 being in the closed state, and is a width of the third desorption gas flow passage 13 when viewed from the direction (depth direction on the drawing sheet of
The ranges of the maximum dimension of the third desorption gas flow passage 13 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated are the same as the above-mentioned ranges of the maximum dimension of the second desorption gas flow passage 12. When the maximum dimension of the third desorption gas flow passage 13 falls within the above-mentioned ranges, smooth passage of the desorption gas can be achieved in the desorption step described later.
In one embodiment, during the passage of the desorption gas, the pressure loss in the second adsorption portion 2 is larger than a pressure loss in the third desorption gas flow passage 13.
In one embodiment, a third opening 63 communicating with the third desorption gas flow passage 13 is formed in the side wall of the case 6. In other words, the case 6 further has the third opening 63. A direction in which the third opening 63 extends may be parallel to a direction in which the third desorption gas flow passage 13 extends, or may be inclined so as to intersect with the direction in which the third desorption gas flow passage 13 extends.
In the illustrated example, a third valve 18 is provided at the third opening 63. A capture unit (not shown) for capturing the desorption gas containing the acid gas desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material is connected to the third opening 63 through intermediation of the third valve 18.
An opening area of the third opening 63 may be the same as the opening area of the second opening 62, or may be different from the opening area of the second opening 62. In the illustrated example, the opening area of the first opening 61, the opening area of the second opening 62, and the opening area of the third opening 63 are the same. The opening area of the third opening 63 is typically smaller than the opening area of the second opening and closing port 80.
Further, the acid gas adsorption device 100 may include a duct communicating with the third desorption gas flow passage 13 in place of the third opening 63.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
Adjacent first blocks la among the plurality of first blocks la may define a gap therebetween or may be in contact with each other in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Further, although not shown, a plate-like member may be provided between adjacent first blocks 1a.
In the illustrated example, the first adsorption portion 1 is divided into four blocks in the up-and-down direction on the drawing sheet (direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated). The first adsorption portion 1 may be divided into a plurality of blocks in the depth direction on the drawing sheet (direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated).
The number of first blocks 1a is, for example, 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and is, for example, 300 or less.
In one embodiment, the second adsorption portion 2 is divided into a plurality of second blocks 2a in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. In other words, the second adsorption portion 2 is formed of the plurality of second blocks 2a arranged in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Thus, the second blocks, each being relatively small, are produced to form the second adsorption portion. Accordingly, the second adsorption portion can easily be produced. Accordingly, as compared to a case in which the second adsorption portion is produced as one body, the second adsorption portion can easily be produced.
Adjacent second blocks 2a among the plurality of second blocks 2a may define a gap therebetween or may be in contact with each other in the direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Further, although not shown, a plate-like member may be provided between adjacent second blocks 2a.
In the illustrated example, the second adsorption portion 2 is divided into four blocks in the up-and-down direction on the drawing sheet (direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated). The second adsorption portion 2 may be divided into a plurality of blocks in the depth direction on the drawing sheet (direction orthogonal to the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated).
The number of second blocks 2a is, for example, 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and is, for example, 300 or less.
Now, a specific configuration of the acid gas adsorption part (the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2) is described.
Examples of the acid gas to be adsorbed by the acid gas adsorption part 10 include carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and hydrogen chloride. In one embodiment, the acid gas is carbon dioxide (CO2), and the fluid is a CO2-containing gas. The CO2-containing gas may contain nitrogen in addition to CO2. The CO2-containing gas is typically air (atmosphere). A concentration of CO2 in the CO2-containing gas before being supplied to the acid gas adsorption device is, for example, 100 ppm (on a volume basis) or more and 2 vol % or less.
Now, description is given in detail of a case in which the acid gas is carbon dioxide (CO2).
As described above, the acid gas adsorption part 10 includes the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2. The first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2 have the same configuration. Further, the first adsorption portion 1 (integrally formed) illustrated in
In one embodiment, as illustrated in
The honeycomb-like base material 9 typically includes partition walls 92 that define a plurality of cells 93.
The cells 93 each extend from a first end surface E1 (inflow end surface) of the honeycomb-like base material 9 to a second end surface E2 (outflow end surface) thereof in the lengthwise direction (axial direction) of the honeycomb-like base material 3a (see
A cell density in a cross section in the direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction of the honeycomb-like base material (specifically, the number of cells 93 per unit area) may be appropriately set in accordance with purposes. The cell density may be, for example, from 4 cells/cm2 to 320 cells/cm2. When the cell density falls within such range, the strength and effective geometric surface area (GSA) of the honeycomb-like base material can be sufficiently ensured.
The honeycomb-like base material 9 has any appropriate shape (overall shape). The shape of the honeycomb-like base material is, for example, a cylinder with a circle as its bottom, an elliptic cylinder with an ellipse as its bottom, a prismatic column with a polygon as its bottom, or a column with an indefinite shape as its bottom. The honeycomb-like base material 9 of the illustrated example has a prismatic columnar shape. The outer diameter and length of the honeycomb-like base material may be appropriately set in accordance with purposes. The honeycomb-like base material may have a hollow region in a center portion thereof in the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the lengthwise direction, though the hollow region is not shown.
The honeycomb-like base material 9 typically includes: an outer wall 91; and a partition wall 92 positioned inside the outer wall 91. In the illustrated example, the outer wall 91 and the partition wall 92 are integrally formed. The outer wall 91 and the partition wall 92 may be separate bodies.
In the illustrated example, the outer wall 91 has a rectangular cylindrical shape. The thickness of the outer wall 91 may be set to any appropriate thickness. The thickness of the outer wall 91 is, for example, from 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
The partition wall 92 defines the plurality of cells 93. More specifically, the partition wall 92 has a first partition wall 92a and a second partition wall 92b perpendicular to each other, and the first partition wall 92a and the second partition wall 92b define the plurality of cells 93. The sectional shapes of the cells 93 are each a substantially quadrangular shape. The configuration of the partition wall is not limited to the partition wall 92 described above. The partition wall may have a first partition wall extending in a radial direction and a second partition wall extending in a circumferential direction, which define a plurality of cells.
The thickness of the partition wall 92 may be appropriately set in accordance with the applications of the acid gas adsorption device. The thickness of the partition wall 92 is typically smaller than the thickness of the outer wall 91. The thickness of the partition wall 92 is, for example, from 0.03 mm to 0.6 mm. The thickness of the partition wall is measured, for example, through sectional observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When the thickness of the partition wall falls within such range, the honeycomb-like base material can achieve sufficient mechanical strength, and can also achieve a sufficient opening area (total area of the cells in a cross section).
The porosity of the partition wall 92 may be appropriately set in accordance with purposes. The porosity of the partition wall 92 is, for example, 15% or more, preferably 20% or more, and is, for example, 70% or less, preferably 45% or less. The porosity may be measured, for example, by mercury porosimetry.
The bulk density of the partition wall 92 may be appropriately set in accordance with purposes. The bulk density is, for example, 0.10 g/cm3 or more, preferably 0.20 g/cm3 or more, and is, for example, 0.60 g/cm3 or less, preferably 0.50 g/cm3 or less. The bulk density may be measured, for example, by mercury porosimetry.
A material for forming the partition wall 92 is typically, for example, a ceramic. Examples of the ceramic include silicon carbide, a silicon-silicon carbide-based composite material, cordierite, mullite, alumina, silicon nitride, spinel, a silicon carbide-cordierite-based composite material, lithium aluminum silicate, and aluminum titanate. Those materials for forming the partition walls may be used alone or in combination thereof. Of those materials for forming the partition walls, for example, cordierite, alumina, mullite, silicon carbide, a silicon-silicon carbide-based composite material, and silicon nitride are preferred, and silicon carbide and a silicon-silicon carbide-based composite material are more preferred.
Such honeycomb-like base material 9 is typically produced by the following method. First, a binder and water or an organic solvent are added to material powder including ceramic powder described above as required. The resultant mixture is kneaded to provide a body, and the body is molded (typically extruded) into a desired shape. After that, the body is dried, and is fired as required. Thus, the honeycomb-like base material 9 is produced. When the firing is adopted, the body is fired at, for example, from 1,200° C. to 1,500° C. A firing time period is, for example, 1 hour or more and 20 hours or less.
In one embodiment, the acid gas adsorption layer 5 is formed on the surface of the partition wall 92 in the cell 93. In the honeycomb-like base material 9, a flow passage 94 (the first flow passage 94a or the second flow passage 94b) is formed in a portion (typically, a center portion) in a cross section of the cell 93 in which the acid gas adsorption layer 5 is not formed. The acid gas adsorption layer 5 may be formed on the entire inner surface of the partition wall 92 (specifically, so as to surround the flow passage 94) as in the illustrated example, or may be formed on part of the surface of the partition wall. When the acid gas adsorption layer 5 is formed on the entire inner surface of the partition wall 92, an improvement in acid gas (typically, CO2) adsorption efficiency can be achieved.
The flow passage 94 extends from the first end surface E1 (inflow end surface) to the second end surface E2 (outflow end surface) as with the cells 93. Examples of the sectional shape of the flow passage 94 include the same sectional shapes as those of the cells 93 described above. Of those, for example, a hexagon or a quadrangle is preferred, and a square, a rectangle, or a hexagon is more preferred. The sectional shapes and sizes of the flow passage 94 may be all the same, or may be at least partly different.
Typically, the target gas to be treated containing the acid gas is supplied to the cells 93 (more specifically, the flow passages 94) in the adsorption step described later, and the desorption gas flows in the desorption step described later.
The acid gas adsorption layer 5 includes the acid gas adsorption material in accordance with the acid gas to be adsorbed. When the acid gas is CO2, the acid gas adsorption material is a carbon dioxide adsorption material.
Any appropriate compound capable of adsorbing and desorbing CO2 may be adopted as the carbon dioxide adsorption material. Examples of the carbon dioxide adsorption material include: nitrogen-containing compounds described later; alkali compounds, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide; carbonate salts, such as calcium carbonate and potassium carbonate; hydrogen carbonate salts, such as calcium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate; metal organic flameworks (MOF), such as MOF-74, MOF-200, and MOF-210; zeolite; activated carbon; nitrogen-doped carbon; and ionic liquids. The carbon dioxide adsorption materials may be used alone or in combination thereof.
Of the carbon dioxide adsorption materials, a nitrogen-containing compound and an ionic liquid are preferred. More specific examples of the nitrogen-containing compound include: primary amines, such as monoethanolamine and polyvinylamine; secondary amines, such as diethanolamine, a cyclic amine, and N-(3-aminopropyl)diethanolamine; tertiary amines, such as methyldiethylamine and triethanolamine; ethylene amine compounds such as tetraethylenepentamine; amino silane coupling agents, such as aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, and polyethyleneimine-trimethoxysilane; imine compounds, such as ethyleneimine, a linear polyethyleneimine, a branched polyethyleneimine having a primary amino group to tertiary amino group; piperazine compounds such as 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; amide compounds such as a polyamidoamine;
a polyvinylamine; and an organic/inorganic compound having imparted thereto an amino group as a substituent.
Of the nitrogen-containing compounds, methyldiethylamine, monoethanolamine, a cyclic amine, diethanolamine, tetraethylenepentamine, ethyleneimine, a linear polyethyleneimine, a branched polyethyleneimine, and an organic/inorganic compound having imparted thereto an amino group as a substituent are preferred.
The ionic liquid is a “salt” of a liquid formed only of an ion (an anion or a cation), and is in a liquid state under normal temperature and normal pressure (23° C., 0.1 MPa). Examples of the cation of the ionic liquid include: an ammonium-based ion, such as an imidazolium salt or a pyridinium salt; a phosphonium-based ion; a sulfonium salt; and an inorganic ion. Examples of the anion of the ionic liquid include: a halogen-based ion, such as a bromide ion or a triflate ion; a boron-based ion such as a tetraphenylborate ion; a phosphorus-based ion such as a hexafluorophosphate ion; and a sulfur-based ion such as an alkyl sulfonate ion. Of those ionic liquids, for example, a combination of an imidazolium salt serving as a cation and a triflate ion serving as an anion is preferred.
The ionic liquid is used, more preferably, in combination with a carbon dioxide adsorption material other than the ionic liquid (hereinafter referred to as “another carbon dioxide adsorption material”). In this case, the ionic liquid coats another carbon dioxide adsorption material (for example, a nitrogen-containing compound). Thus, an improvement in performance of the carbon dioxide adsorption material and an increase in lifetime thereof can be achieved.
The content ratio of the ionic liquid is, for example, 0.000001 part by mass or more, preferably 0.00001 part by mass or more, and is, for example, 0.1 part by mass or less, preferably 0.05 part by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the other carbon dioxide adsorption material. When the content ratio of the ionic liquid falls within the above-mentioned ranges, an improvement in performance of the carbon dioxide adsorption material and an increase in lifetime thereof can be stably achieved.
In one embodiment, the acid gas adsorption layer 5 includes a porous carrier in addition to the above-mentioned acid gas adsorption material. In this case, the acid gas adsorption material is typically supported by the porous carrier to face the flow passage. When the acid gas adsorption layer includes the porous carrier, the escape of the acid gas adsorption material from the acid gas adsorption layer can be prevented in the adsorption step and/or the desorption step.
The porous carrier may form mesopores in the acid gas adsorption layer. Examples of the porous carrier include: metal organic frameworks (MOF), such as MOF-74, MOF-200, and MOF-210; activated carbon; nitrogen-doped carbon; mesoporous silica; mesoporous alumina; zeolite; a carbon nanotube; and a fluorinated resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Of those, for example, metal organic frameworks (MOF), activated carbon, PVDF, zeolite, mesoporous silica, and mesoporous alumina are preferred. Those porous carriers may be used alone or in combination thereof. A material different from that of the acid gas absorption material is preferably adopted for the porous carrier.
The BET specific surface area of the porous carrier is, for example, 50 m2/g or more, preferably 500 m2/g or more. When the surface area of the porous carrier is equal to or more than the above-mentioned lower limits, the acid gas adsorption material can be stably supported, and hence an improvement in acid gas adsorption efficiency can be achieved. The upper limit of the BET specific surface area of the porous carrier is typically 2,000 m2/g or less.
When the acid gas adsorption layer includes the acid gas adsorption material and the porous carrier, the content ratio of the total of the acid gas adsorption material and the porous carrier in the acid gas adsorption layer is, for example, 30 mass % or more, preferably 50 mass % or more, and is, for example, 100mass % or less, preferably 99 mass % or less.
The content ratio of the acid gas adsorption material in the acid gas adsorption layer is, for example, 30 mass % or more, preferably 50 mass % or more, and is, for example, 99 mass % or less. The content ratio of the porous carrier is, for example, 0.01 part by mass or more, preferably 0.3 part by mass or more, and is, for example, 0.7 part by mass or less, preferably 0.5 part by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the acid gas adsorption material. When the content ratio of the porous carrier falls within the above-mentioned ranges, the acid gas adsorption material can be more stably supported.
Further, the acid gas adsorption layer may be formed only of the acid gas adsorption material. In this case, the acid gas adsorption material is directly supported by the partition wall 92 to face the flow passage. When the acid gas adsorption layer is formed only of the acid gas adsorption material, the content ratio of the acid gas adsorption material in the acid gas adsorption layer is typically 95.0 mass % or more and 100 mass % or less. When the content ratio of the acid gas adsorption material falls within the above-mentioned range, excellent acid gas adsorption efficiency can be stably ensured.
Such an acid gas adsorption layer is typically produced by the following method. A solution of the acid gas adsorption material is prepared by dissolving the above-mentioned acid gas adsorption material in a solvent. Further, the above-mentioned porous carrier is added to the solvent as required. The order of addition of the acid gas adsorption material and the porous carrier is not limited to any particular order. After that, the solution of the acid gas adsorption material is applied onto the base material (specifically, the partition walls), and the coating film is then dried, and is sintered as required. Thus, the acid gas adsorption layer is formed.
Further, the configuration of the acid gas adsorption part (the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion) is not limited to that described above.
In another embodiment, as illustrated in
The plurality of adsorption material layers 71 are stacked in a thickness direction thereof so as to be spaced apart from each other. The flow passage 94 (the first flow passage 94a or the second flow passage 94b) is defined between adjacent adsorption material layers 71 among the plurality of adsorption material layers 71. In the illustrated example, five adsorption material layers 71 are arranged in parallel. However, the number of adsorption material layers 71 is not limited thereto. The number of adsorption material layers 71 is, for example, 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more. A distance between adjacent adsorption material layers 71 among the plurality of adsorption material layers 71 is, for example, 0.5 cm or more and 1.5 cm or less.
Each of the plurality of adsorption material layers 71 includes a flexible fiber member 73 and a plurality of pellet-like adsorption materials 72.
The flexible fiber member 73 permits passage of gas and restricts passage of the pellet-like adsorption materials. The flexible fiber member 73 is typically formed in a hollow shape (bag shape) that allows the plurality of pellet-like adsorption materials 72 to be contained therein. The flexible fiber member 73 may be a fabric or a non-woven fabric. Examples of a material for the flexible fiber member 73 include organic fibers and natural fibers, preferably, a polyethylene terephthalate fiber, a polyethylene fiber, and a cellulosic fiber. A thickness of the flexible fiber member 73 is, for example, 25 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
The plurality of pellet-like adsorption materials 72 are filled in the flexible fiber member 73 having a hollow shape (bag shape). The pellet-like adsorption material 72 serves as an acid gas adsorption material, and typically serves as a carbon dioxide adsorption material. Examples of a material for the pellet-like adsorption material 72 include a material modified with the above-mentioned acid gas adsorption material, preferably cellulose modified with the above-mentioned acid gas adsorption material, more preferably nanofibrillated cellulose modified with the above-mentioned acid gas adsorption material. A mean primary particle diameter of the pellet-like adsorption material 72 is, for example, 60 μm or more and 1,200 μm or less. Any appropriate value may be used as a filling ratio of the pellet-like adsorption materials 72 in the adsorption material layer 71.
The acid gas adsorption part of the illustrated example further includes a plurality of spacers 74. The spacer 74 is located between adjacent adsorption material layers 71 among the plurality of adsorption material layers 71. This configuration allows a distance between adjacent adsorption material layers among the adsorption material layers to be stably ensured. In one embodiment, the plurality of adsorption material layers 71 and the plurality of spacers 74 are arranged in a substantially zig-zag pattern when viewed from a direction (depth direction on the drawing sheet of
As the acid gas adsorption part as described above, there is, for example, a gas separation unit as described in WO 2014/170184 A1. The publication is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
Even when the first adsorption portion (first block 1a) and/or the second adsorption portion (second block 2a) has the configuration as illustrated in
Next, a method of capturing an acid gas with use of the acid gas adsorption device according to one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to
In one embodiment, in the adsorption step, the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 are each brought into an open state, and the target gas to be treated containing the acid gas is supplied via the inflow port 64 of the case 6 to the acid gas adsorption part 10 adjusted to a predetermined adsorption temperature. At this time, the target gas to be treated containing the acid gas passes through the first flow passages 94a of the first adsorption portion 1 and the second flow passages 94b of the second adsorption portion 2 in the stated order. As a result, the acid gas adsorption material adsorbs the acid gas from the fluid containing the acid gas (typically, CO2).
A temperature (adsorption temperature) of the acid gas adsorption part in the adsorption step is, for example, 0° C. or more, preferably 10° C. or more, and is, for example, 50° C. or less, preferably 40° C. or less. In one embodiment, the adsorption temperature is equal to an outside air temperature. An operation time period of the adsorption step (adsorption time) is, for example, 15 minutes or more, preferably 30 minutes or more, and is, for example, 3 hours or less, preferably 2 hours or less.
When the adsorption temperature and/or the adsorption time falls within the above-mentioned ranges, the acid gas adsorption material can efficiently adsorb the acid gas.
An acid gas adsorption rate in the adsorption step (=100−(concentration of the acid gas in the fluid having passed through the acid gas adsorption part/concentration of the acid gas in the fluid before being supplied to the acid gas adsorption part×100)) is, for example, 60% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and is, for example, 90% or less.
Next, in the desorption step, typically, the first on-off valve 7 and the second on-off valve 8 are each brought into a closed state, and the acid gas adsorption part 10 (the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2) is heated to a desorption temperature higher than the adsorption temperature. More specifically, after the temperature of each of the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2 is raised to the desorption temperature, the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2 are maintained at the desorption temperature for predetermined desorption time. As a result, the acid gas adsorbed by the acid gas adsorption material in the adsorption step is desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material. At this time, the desorption gas is supplied to the first desorption gas flow passage 11 via the first opening 61 of the case 6. The desorption gas supplied to the first desorption gas flow passage 11 flows into the first flow passages 94a of the first adsorption portion 1 or the second flow passages 94b of the second adsorption portion 2. The acid gas desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material of the first adsorption portion 1 flows out into the second desorption gas flow passage 12 together with the desorption gas passing through the first flow passages 94a, and then is captured via the second opening 62 of the case 6. The acid gas desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material of the second adsorption portion 2 flows out into the third desorption gas flow passage 13 together with the desorption gas passing through the second flow passages 94b, and then is captured via the third opening 63 of the case 6. The gas captured in the desorption step is sometimes referred to as “captured gas”.
The desorption gas is preferably a captured gas that has previously been captured by the acid gas adsorption device. The use of the captured gas as the desorption gas enables achievement of an increase in concentration of the acid gas in the captured gas.
The temperature of the acid gas adsorption part in the desorption step (desorption temperature) is, for example, 70° C. or more, preferably 80° C. or more, and is, for example, 200° C. or less, preferably 110° C. or less. An operation time period of the desorption step (desorption time for which the acid gas adsorption part is maintained at the desorption temperature) is, for example, 1 minute or more, preferably 5 minutes or more, and is, for example, 1 hour or less, preferably 30 minutes or less. When the desorption temperature and/or the desorption time falls within the above-mentioned ranges, the acid gas can be sufficiently desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material.
In the desorption step, the captured gas can also be sucked by using, for example, the desorption gas and a decompression pump in combination.
With the method described above, in the desorption step, the desorption gas can be caused to flow uniformly through the entirety of each of the first adsorption portion and the second adsorption portion, and hence the acid gas can be efficiently captured. The adsorption step and the desorption step are preferably repeated in order.
As illustrated in
In the illustrated example, the acid gas adsorption device 100 includes a third adsorption portion 31 and a fourth adsorption portion 32 in addition to the first adsorption portion 1 and the second adsorption portion 2. The third adsorption portion 31 is arranged on the downstream side of the second adsorption portion 2 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated so as to be spaced apart therefrom. In this embodiment, a third desorption gas flow passage 13 is defined between the second adsorption portion 2 and the third adsorption portion 31 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated.
The fourth adsorption portion 32 is arranged on the downstream side of the third adsorption portion 31 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated so as to be spaced apart therefrom. In this embodiment, a fourth desorption gas flow passage 14 is defined between the third adsorption portion 31 and the fourth adsorption portion 32 in the direction of passage of the target gas to be treated. Further, a fourth opening 66 communicating with the fourth desorption gas flow passage 14 is formed in the side wall of the case 6. In other words, the case 6 further has the fourth opening 66. The fourth opening 66 can be described in the same manner as that for the first opening 61 described above.
In the illustrated example, a fourth valve 19 is provided at the fourth opening 66. A desorption gas supply unit (not shown) capable of supplying the desorption gas via the fourth valve 19 is connected to the fourth opening 66. In the desorption step described above, the desorption gas is supplied to the fourth desorption gas flow passage 14 in the same manner as that for the first desorption gas flow passage 11.
In the illustrated example, a fifth desorption gas flow passage 15 is defined between the fourth adsorption portion 32 and the second on-off valve 8 being in the closed state. Further, a fifth opening 67 communicating with the fifth desorption gas flow passage 15 is formed in the side wall of the case 6. In other words, the case 6 further has the fifth opening 67. The fifth opening 67 can be described in the same manner as that for the third opening 63 described above. The acid gas adsorption device 100 may include a duct communicating with the fifth desorption gas flow passage 15 in place of the fifth opening 67.
In the illustrated example, a capture unit (not shown) for capturing the desorption gas including the acid gas desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material is connected to the fifth opening 67 through intermediation of a fifth valve 20. In the desorption step described above, the captured gas passes through the fifth desorption gas flow passage 15 in the same manner as through the second desorption gas flow passage 12. With such a configuration as well, the acid gas can be stably desorbed from the acid gas adsorption material.
In the acid gas adsorption device 100 illustrated in
The acid gas adsorption device according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for separation and capture of an acid gas, and particularly, can be suitably used for a Carbon dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) cycle.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-139536 | Sep 2022 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. 120 of International Application PCT/JP2023/031209 having the International Filing Date of 29 Aug. 2023 and having the benefit of the earlier filing date of Japanese Application No. 2022-139536 filed on 1 Sep. 2022. Each of the identified applications is fully incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2023/031209 | Aug 2023 | WO |
| Child | 19060856 | US |
