Patent Application
20080280371
Embodiments are generally related to sensor methods and systems. Embodiments are also related to surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and sensors. Embodiments are also related to sensor for determining fluid quality. Embodiments are additionally related to sense urea concentration based on acoustic resonance. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Selective Catalytic Reduction is used to inject urea—a liquid-reductant agent—through a catalyst into the exhaust stream of a diesel engine. Urea sets off a chemical reaction that converts nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water, which is then expelled through the vehicle tailpipe. The urea quality sensor technology addresses industry quality control by ensuring that a specific quality of urea can be delivered into the exhaust gas stream. The introduction of a urea quality sensor into the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system also reduces the risk of tampering or accidental mis-filling and helps ensure compliance, thus satisfying concerns of users and legislators alike. The urea quality sensor contributes to the overall success of SCR as a NOx reduction technology.
The urea quality sensor has been designed to monitor the quality of urea solutions used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for NOx emission control from diesel engines. If the engine is operated without urea solution in the onboard urea tank, excessive NOx emissions can occur. Using a urea quality sensor, the SCR system can be designed to prevent the possibility that the urea tank is filled with other fluids, e.g., with tap water, instead of the urea solution.
Acoustic sensors can be used to monitor the depletion of reagents and/or generation of products by measuring the speed of sound of the exhaust mixture in an acoustic cavity, which is directly related to its average molecular weight. The sensor technology exists to measure urea concentration to ensure that the fluid in the tank is urea of acceptable concentration. An NH3 sensor could alternatively be used to ensure that urea is available in the system and is being used as needed and that the entire system is functioning properly.
It is desirable to provide an indication of urea concentration level so that the catalytic converter will perform as needed or desired. One shortcoming of previously proposed devices is that they are typically limited to very specific applications. Another limitation is that the placement of such devices is commonly limited to a supply or reservoir tank. There is a need for a more versatile arrangement that can accommodate various situations and that can be more readily incorporated into an appropriate system.
Based on the foregoing it is believed that a need exists for improved urea concentration measurement by measuring change in molecular weight using an acoustic resonance technique. By using such a methodology, measurement of urea concentration can meet customer required accuracy and resolutions.
The following summary is provided to facilitate an understanding of some of the innovative features unique to the embodiments disclosed and is not intended to be a full description. A full appreciation of the various aspects of the embodiments can be gained by taking the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.
It is, therefore, one aspect of the present invention to provide for an improved sensor.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide for a sensor for determining fluid quality.
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide for a method to sense liquid urea concentration based on acoustic resonance.
The aforementioned aspects and other objectives and advantages can now be achieved as described herein. A urea quality sensor includes an acoustic resonator in order to measure the accurate concentration of urea by measuring change in molecular weight. A change in molecular weight of urea proportionately affects the sound speed. The change in the composition of the urea solution manifests itself as a change in frequency. The concentration of urea solution can be determined based on the frequency data obtained as a result of the frequency measurement utilizing the acoustic wave sensor. The urea quality sensor can be used with NH3 sensor in order to identify the solution is urea.
The accompanying figures, in which like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally-similar elements throughout the separate views and which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, further illustrate the embodiments and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the embodiments disclosed herein.
The particular values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
An acoustic resonator is a device consisting of a combination of elements having mass and compliance whose acoustic reactance cancels at a given frequency. Resonators are often used as a means of eliminating an undesirable frequency component in an acoustical system. In other instances, resonators are used to produce an increase in the sound pressure in an acoustic field at a particular frequency.
Referring to
The acoustic resonator 120 is in uniform motion at a specific frequency and amplitude. The resonator establishes an acoustic standing wave 130 (e.g., a shear wave) through its thickness. The wave pattern interacts with the urea solution 140. As the wave penetrates the surface of the urea solution 140 touching the resonator, a thin layer of fluid is set in motion absorbing power from the wave. The speed of sound in urea solution 140 can be used to measure the concentration, since the speed of sound in urea solution 140 changes with the molecular weight of the urea solution 140. The change in the molecular weight of the urea solution 140, affects sound speed proportionately. The relationship between these two quantities can be used to measure the changes of urea solution 140 concentration by measuring the speed of sound. Therefore, the speed of sound can be measured by means of the acoustic resonator 120.
Referring to
The acoustic wave resonator 200 supports a standing wave 130 through its thickness that travels from the input transducer 210 to the output transducer 220. As the vibrating surface 230 moves the characteristics of the acoustic signal changes; these changes are related to the molecular weight of urea solution 140. The output transducer 220 of the resonator 120 is in direct contact with the urea solution 140 while the input transducer 210 is hermetically sealed from the contact of urea solution 140.
The ratio of shift in frequency to original frequency can be determined as indicated by equations (1) below
The resonance frequency is the frequency at which the urea solution 140 will most vigorously vibrate when driven by an external source. The speed of sound can be measured very precisely and reliably and the speed of sound of urea 140 is directly related to its chemical composition. The measurement of the speed of urea 140 can be used as a method to detect small changes in urea concentration.
Referring to
It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
