This application claims priority from Taiwan Patent Application No. 107132975, filed on Sep. 19, 2018, in the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
The present disclosure relates to an active duct noise control system and a method thereof, more particularly to a control system and a method using the multi-channel inverse filtering principle to dispose multi-channel noise-cancelling speakers to provide a more preferable active noise-cancelling effect.
Noise has long been an environmental issue that has drawn a great deal of attention. Noise control methods at present may be categorized into two types: Passive noise control and active noise control (ANC). The passive noise control refers to using barriers or sound absorbing materials, such as sound-absorbing cotton, to block the sound source to achieve the effect of cancelling noise. This method emphasizes cancelling high frequency noise, but is not suitable for cancelling noise at low frequencies. However the active noise control complements this disadvantage by using the second sound source to play an anti-noise sound source to cancel a low frequency noise.
The framework of the active noise control may be divided into feedforward control, feedback control, and hybrid control. In terms of the feedforward control framework of the active noise control, usually an adaptive algorithm is used to design a controller, such as using the least-mean-square (LMS) to practice. With the advancement of technology, the input signal, namely the reference signal, has to be filtered by passing through the secondary path to ensure convergence. The FXLMS (filtered-x least-mean-square) algorithm is widely applied to tackle the problem of active noise cancelling. Although using the aforementioned method to design a controller helps find an optimal solution and converge to a certain range, an error still occurs, leading to defects in the accuracy and effectiveness of cancelling noises.
In view of what is mentioned above, conventional active duct noise control systems still have room for improvement. Therefore, the present disclosure aims to improve deficiencies in terms of current techniques by designing an active duct noise control system and a method thereof to make the active noise control more accurate and effective so as to enhance the implementation and application in industries.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present disclosure provides an active duct noise control system and a method thereof. The active duct noise control system including a plurality of noise-cancelling speakers is designed according to the multi-channel inverse filtering principle. Moreover, the active duct noise control method may be performed to minimize the noise-cancelling errors and enhance the noise-cancelling effect.
According to the purpose of the present disclosure, the present disclosure provides an active duct noise control system, including a duct, a noise source speaker, a microphone, a plurality of noise-cancelling speakers, and a plurality of controllers. Wherein, the noise source speaker is disposed on one end of the duct and generates a primary noise. The microphone is disposed on the other end of the duct and receives a residual noise. The plurality of noise-cancelling speakers are disposed between the noise source speaker and the microphone and respectively generate noise-cancelling audio frequencies to offset the primary noise and reduce the residual noise. The plurality of controllers are respectively connected to the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers and the noise source speaker and calculate each of the noise-cancelling audio frequencies generated by each of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers according to the multi-channel inverse filtering principle.
Preferably, the multi-channel inverse filtering principle may satisfy the equation g1[k]*c1[k]+g2[k]*c2[k]+ . . . +gN[k]*cN[k]+m[k]=0. Wherein, m[k] is an impulse response of a primary path (primary noise), g[k] is the impulse response of a secondary path (each of the noise-cancelling audio frequencies), and ci[k] is a control coefficient of each of the controllers; i=1, 2, . . . , N, N is the number of each of the noise-cancelling speakers, and * is a linear convolution operation.
Preferably, the equation may be converted into a relation in a matrix form:
wherein, G=[G1 G2 . . . GN]∈L
is a control coefficient matrix of each of the controllers; m is the impulse response matrix of the primary path, Lm is a matrix length of m, Lc is the matrix length of c, and N is the number of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
Preferably, Lg may be the matrix length of G, and when (N−1)Lc≥Lg−1 is satisfied, a control coefficient of each of the plurality of controllers has a corresponding solution to control the noise-cancelling audio frequencies respectively generated by the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
Preferably, the active duct noise control system may further include a spectrum analyzer connected to the noise source speaker and the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers and sampling the impulse response in the duct.
According to the other purpose, the present disclosure provides an active duct noise control method applicable to the primary noise generated by the noise source speaker in the control duct. The duct includes a plurality of noise-cancelling speakers, a plurality of controllers which control a plurality of noise-cancelling speakers, and a microphone. The active duct noise control method includes the following steps: disposing the noise source speaker on one end of the duct and disposing the microphone on the other end of the duct to receive a residual noise; disposing the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers between the noise source speaker and the microphone; connecting the plurality of controllers to the noise source speaker to receive the primary noise and calculating noise-cancelling audio frequencies generated by each of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers according to a multi-channel inverse filtering principle; and respectively generating each of the noise-cancelling audio frequencies to offset the primary noise and reduce the residual noise by the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
Preferably, the multi-channel inverse filtering principle may satisfy the following equation g1[k]*c1[k]+g2[k]*c2[k]+ . . . +gN[k]*cN[k]+m[k]=0. Wherein, m[k] is an impulse response of a primary path (primary noise), g[k] is the impulse response of a secondary path (each of the noise-cancelling audio frequencies), and ci[k] is a control coefficient of each of the controllers; i=1, 2, . . . , N, N is the number of each of the noise-cancelling speakers, and * is a linear convolution operation.
Preferably, the equation may be converted into a relation in a matrix form:
Wherein, =[G1 G2 . . . GN]∈L
is a control coefficient matrix of each of the controllers; m is the impulse response matrix of the primary path, Lm is a matrix length of m, Lc is the matrix length of c, and N is the number of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
Preferably, Lg may be the matrix length of G, and when (N−1)Lc≥Lg−1 is satisfied, a control coefficient of each of the plurality of controllers has a corresponding solution to control the noise-cancelling audio frequencies respectively generated by the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
Preferably, the active duct noise control method may further sample the impulse response in the duct by a spectrum analyzer connected to the noise source speaker and the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers.
In accordance with the statements as mentioned above, the active duct noise control system and the method thereof in the present disclosure may have one or more of advantages as follows:
(1) The active duct noise control system and the method thereof may utilize the multi-channel inverse filtering principle to calculate the control coefficient of each of the controllers in such a way that the multi-channel noise-cancelling speakers may generate the out-of-phase noise which offset the primary noise to make residual noise approach zero, thus obtaining the optimal noise-cancelling effect.
(2) The active duct noise control system and the method thereof may provide the disposition of the multi-channel noise-cancelling speakers. Compared with the single channel (noise-cancelling speaker) of the conventional techniques, which look for feasible solutions to convergence only by using algorithm, the present disclosure with multiple channels may dispel the primary noise more accurately, thus minimizing the noise-cancelling error.
(3) The active duct noise control system and the method thereof may effectively minimize broadband noise, which may be a solution scheme applied to other active noise-cancelling ducts, fans, or . . . etc, thus realizing various ways of application.
To facilitate the review of the technique characteristics, contents, advantages, and achievable effects of the present disclosure, the embodiments together with the drawings are described in detail as follows. However, the drawings are used only for the purpose of indicating and supporting the specification, which is not necessarily the real proportion and precise configuration after the implementation of the present disclosure. Therefore, the relations of the proportion and configuration of the attached drawings should not be interpreted to limit the actual scope of implementation of the present disclosure.
Please refer to
For the purpose of determining the noise-cancelling effect on the primary noise, a microphone may be disposed to receive residual noise frequencies, namely the error signal e[k] of the sum of the multi-channel audio frequencies (d[k]+y1[k]+y2[k]+ . . . +yN[k]). To enhance the noise-cancelling effect, that is, to make the audio signal of the error signal e[k] approach zero, the aforementioned framework may be shown as the equation (1):
m[k]+g1[k]*c1[k]+g2[k]*c2[k]+ . . . +gN[k]*cN[k]=0 (1)
Wherein, * calculates the noise-cancelling audio frequencies generated by the noise-cancelling speakers for each channel according to the linear convolution. Under the feedforward control framework of the single channel in the conventional method, the active noise-cancelling may be shown as equation (2).
g[k]*c[k]+m[k]=0 (2)
Wherein m[k] is the impulse response of the primary path, g[k] is the impulse response of each of the secondary paths, c[k] is the control coefficient of each of the controllers, and * is the linear convolution operation.
In the previous calculation regarding a single channel, the linear convolution operation as mentioned above may be converted into a matrix form, for example, converting the operation thereof into the following equation:
Lg is the matrix length of g[k], Lc is the matrix length of c[k], and Lm is the matrix length of m[k]. Wherein, Lm=Lg+Lc−1. As the matrix g[k] is a full column rank, the problem as mentioned above becomes an over-determined problem. It is usually difficult to find an exact solution in terms of this problem. Explained from a mathematical perspective, an over-determined problem is usually unsolvable, so only approximate solutions can be found. Therefore, the conventional method is intended to find the optimal approximate solution to minimize the error to the least. However, a non-zero residual error may be generated somehow. That is, the non-zero residual noise is generated, which may limit the noise-cancelling effect.
To solve the problem as mentioned above, the present embodiment provides multi-channel noise-cancelling speakers. Wherein the equation (1) may be converted into the relation as shown in the equation (3):
Wherein, G=[G1 G2 . . . GN]∈L
is a control coefficient matrix of each of the controllers. m is the impulse response matrix of the primary path, Lm is a matrix length of m, Lc is the matrix length of c, and N is the number of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers. Through increasing the number of the noise-cancelling speakers, the dimension of the matrix G is increased. When the length Lc of the chosen controller satisfies (N−1)Lc≥Ly−1, the aforementioned problem becomes an under-determined problem. Not only is the under-determined problem definitely solvable in a mathematical perspective, but also this problem has infinite solutions, or infinite exact solutions, to be more precise. Therefore, infinite exact solutions may be obtained regarding this problem. Because the obtained solutions are not approximate solutions, residual noise may not be generated. Therefore, zero residual noise may be achieved, thereby increasing the noise-cancelling effect. In addition, under the condition of (N−1)Lc=Lg−1, that is, when the equation holds, matrix G is a square matrix, and matrix c may further be simplified into c=−G−1m. From this, the control coefficient matrix of each of the controllers may be obtained.
Please refer to
In this embodiment, two-channel noise-cancelling speakers are disposed in the active duct noise control system 10, namely a first noise-cancelling speaker 14a and a second noise-cancelling speaker 14b. As shown, the first noise-cancelling speaker 14a is disposed closer to the noise source speaker 12 compared to the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b. However, the present disclosure is not limited herein. The distance from the noise-cancelling speakers to the noise source speaker 12 or to the microphone 13 may vary depending on the number of dispositions. The first controller 15a is connected to the first noise-cancelling speaker 14a to control the generated noise-cancelling source, whereas the second controller 15b is connected to the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b to control the generated noise-cancelling source. The first controller 15a and the second controller 15b are both connected to the noise source speaker 12 and receive the same reference signal x[k]. Through the controllers and according to the impulse response m[k] of the noise source speaker 12 and the impulse responses g1[k] and g2[k] generated by the first noise-cancelling speaker 14a and the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b, the control coefficient c1[k] and c2[k] of the first controller 15a and the second controller 15b are calculated. The first controller 15a and the second controller 15b may be implemented on the computer device including the Input/Output interface, memory and processor. The first controller 15a and the second controller 15b may also be implemented on the digital signal processor (DSP).
In addition, the active duct noise control system 10 in the present embodiment may further dispose a spectrum analyzer. For instance, a sampling frequency at 16 kHz is used to detect the impulse response m[k] of the primary path and the impulse responses g1[k] and g2[k] of the secondary path. Wherein, the dual-channel test result in the embodiment may be illustrated according to the following diagrams.
Please refer to
After the simulation, the control coefficients of the first controller 15a and the second controller 15b may further be found. With the use of the back calculation result, the noise-cancelling effect of the active duct noise control system 10 may effectively be improved. Wherein, the active duct noise control method is illustrated in the following embodiment.
Please refer to
Step S1: disposing the noise source speaker on one end of the duct and disposing the microphone on the other end of the duct to receive a residual noise. Please refer to
Step S2: disposing the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers between the noise source speaker and the microphone. The first noise-cancelling speaker 14a and the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b are disposed in the duct 11 and located between the noise source speaker 12 and the microphone 13. The embodiment is illustrated on the basis of the disposition of the two noise-cancelling speakers with the dual channels. However, the present disclosure is not limited therein. Disposing more than two noise-cancelling speakers with multiple channels is also included in the present disclosure.
Step S3: connecting the plurality of controllers to the noise source speaker to receive the primary noise and calculating noise-cancelling audio frequencies generated by each of the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers according to a multi-channel inverse filtering principle. The first controller 15a is connected to the first noise-cancelling speaker 14a, whereas the second controller 15b is connected to the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b. In the meantime, the first controller 15a and the second controller 15b are connected to the noise source speaker 12 to receive the same reference signal x[k]. According to the multi-channel inverse filtering principle, the control coefficients c1[k] and c2[k] of the first controller 15a and the second controller 15b are calculated.
Step S4: respectively generating each of the noise-cancelling audio frequencies to offset the primary noise and reduce the residual noise by the plurality of noise-cancelling speakers. The first noise-cancelling speaker 15a controls the noise-cancelling source generated by the first noise-cancelling speaker 14a, whereas the second noise-cancelling speaker 15b controls the noise-cancelling source generated by the second noise-cancelling speaker 14b. The primary noise may be offset by the noise-cancelling source when passing through the duct 11 to decrease the residual noise to the lowest to achieve the active noise-cancelling effect.
The result of the comparison between the embodiment of the active duct noise control system and the method thereof and that of the conventional active noise-cancelling method is illustrated in the fowling figures. Please refer to
Furthermore, please refer to
What is stated above is only illustrative examples which do not limit the present disclosure. Any spirit and scope without departing from the present invention as to equivalent modifications or alterations is intended to be included in the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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107132975 | Sep 2018 | TW | national |