Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to the field of exit systems and, more specifically, to active exit systems for buildings that include exit signs to assist building occupants when exiting buildings during emergency events.
Building codes (e.g., the International Code Council's (ICC) INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC)) specify that commercial buildings be outfitted (i.e., equipped) with exit signs to indicate building exits. Although specific signage requirements may vary, exits and exit access doors are generally required to be marked with signs placed throughout the facility according to the applicable building code requirements. In the case of external power failure, such as during an emergency situation, the required exit signs must remain illuminated and visible when operating in a reserve or emergency power mode.
Typical exit signs that are installed in commercial buildings or other similar structures, however, are simply passive illuminated indicators. Accordingly, typical passive exit signs are unable to monitor conditions and adapt to an emergency situation in order to dynamically provide additional life-safety information in the case of specific types of emergency events.
Therefore, a need exists for more effective building exit systems, including but not limited to exit systems that contribute to life-safety monitoring and aid building occupants and/or safety personnel during emergency situations.
The exemplary active exit systems described herein may include at least one active exit sign that provides location services to users during normal operation, and further provides alerts to users and emergency crews regarding emergency events. Each active exit sign may be capable of monitoring surrounding conditions within the building environment and assisting in locating objects and occupants within the building environment. Generally, the active exit sign can provide aid to building occupants as well as emergency responders during emergency situations.
The exemplary active exit signs may be mounted near (i.e., proximate, adjacent, etc.) a respective exit of a building or a respective exit of a part of the building, such as a respective floor or room of the building (e.g., pursuant to applicable building code requirements). In an exemplary embodiment, each exit sign includes an active display on the front of the sign housing. The display may be connected to a processor and can be dynamically updated to display various messages.
In an exemplary embodiment, each exit sign may include at least one sensor. The sensors may include, but are not limited to, a human presence sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a noxious gas sensor, and a fire sensor (i.e., a sensor to detect the presence of a flame or fire). One or more of these sensors monitor conditions in the local building environment. During normal, non-emergency operation, these sensors may be useful for monitoring building conditions such as occupancy, temperature, humidity, etc., and may be associated with or connected to a ventilation control system (i.e., heating, ventilating, air conditioning system) to aid with proper heating and cooling.
With regard to the human presence sensor of an exemplary exit sign, an exemplary sign may include a sensor that can physically detect the presence of a human. For example, the sign can include a motion sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, or other sensor to detect the physical presence of a human (i.e., a building occupant).
An exemplary sign may also be equipped to indirectly detect the presence of a user/human by sensing the presence of personal electronic devices that communicate with a transceiver integrated with the active exit sign. The transceiver may be configured to communicate with the user's personal electronic device and to automatically send an exit plan to the user's electronic device. The exit plan could provide useful information including, but not limited to, a map of the building, a map of a floor of the building, the user's current location, and a preferred exit path for the user based on the user's location.
During normal non-emergency operation, the active exit system may be configured to track the location of users (i.e., building occupants). For example, each exit sign may be capable of detecting and tracking the relative position of at least one personal electronic device nearby wherein each personal electronic device is associated with a person and/or an object. In this regard, the personal electronic devices act as positional devices. The tracking components of the exit sign and the positional devices may be electronic components or devices that communicate with each other (e.g., through a local server, a remote server, or a direct connection such as a BLUETOOTH connection). The transceiver on the exit sign and/or the exit sign sensor may be configured to receive/detect positional information for at least one person/occupant. The processor of the exit sign can then generate positional data corresponding to the respective positions of each positional device.
The exemplary active exit system may be configured to also monitor/track the location (i.e., the positional data) of users that are not carrying an electronic device through another form of human presence sensor (e.g., carbon dioxide sensor, motion sensor, etc.).
During an emergency event, the respective transceiver of an exemplary exit sign may transmit positional data to a central server, or directly to a cloud server, where the positional data can be transmitted and/or received by an emergency responder. The transmission of the positional data may typically be accomplished through a wireless radio transmitter or a BLUETOOTH transmitter.
The exemplary exit signs may be equipped with a memory component integrated with the respective processors of the signs in order to store positional data, building maps, and other information.
The sensors of the exemplary exit signs may be used for detecting emergency events (e.g., detecting a fire, detecting the presence of a noxious gas, etc.). When an emergency event is sensed by at least one of the sensors, the exit sign transceiver may transmit an emergency signal to each user's electronic device as well as to the central server.
In an exemplary embodiment, when a fire sensor detects a fire in a particular location (e.g., near the exit sign), a processor may generate an updated exit plan, and the transceiver may transmit the updated exit plan to the electronic devices of nearby users. Accordingly, the exit sign can update exit plans for users to reroute them away from the exit associated with the affected emergency event.
When an emergency event (e.g., fire, noxious gas, etc.) is no longer detected, an exit sign display may be updated to transmit an all-clear message, and the exit sign may transmit an “all-clear” message to the electronic devices of users.
The active exit system may further include a software application that operates on a user's electronic device. This application assists the electronic device in processing and displaying information received from an exit sign. The application may be configured to automatically launch upon receipt of an emergency event signal from the exit sign, and automatically display exit directions and/or a map with exit plans.
Each exit sign may be equipped to receive power from an external power source, and a backup internal power source. For instance, during normal operation the exit sign may receive power from the electrical wiring of the building. During emergency operation, however, the exit sign can switch to the backup internal power supply (e.g., a battery).
The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplary objectives and/or advantages of the invention, and the manner in which the same are accomplished, are further explained within the following detailed description and its accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings (
In the exemplary embodiment, the active exit system includes one or more active exit signs. Each exit sign is located near an exit of a building, or an exit of a floor of a building as may be required by applicable building codes. Each exemplary exit sign has a housing that supports the electronic components of the exit sign. The exit signs can be a single board computer capable of hosting a variety of environmental sensors as well as antennas and radios for communication. The signs may include sensors to detect human presence, temperature, humidity, noxious gases, fire, and other environmental conditions.
The display component 20 may be located on a front surface of the active exit sign 12 and provides information about the exit plan to a user viewing the exit sign 12. The display can be a static display that has one or more backlit messages, or the display can be a dynamic display, such as an LCD (liquid crystal display).
Each exemplary exit sign 12 includes a transmitter/receiver 18 that is configured to transmit information about the building environment to occupants and emergency responders, as well as receive information from a central server 38 (
In the primary exemplary embodiment described herein, an internal power source 22 and an external power source 24 providing for redundant backup power are configured with the sign 12. In the exemplary embodiment, the external power source is connected to the building's electrical wiring. It is the primary power source, and is relied on during normal operation. During an emergency event, the exit sign can instead rely on the internal power source 22, such as a back-up battery within the exit sign housing, if the primary power is not available (e.g., the wiring is severed).
Exit plans stored in the local on-board memory component 16 of the exit sign provide a map of the building or a map of a portion of a building such as a floor. The memory component 16 is also useful for storing information about user location, object locations, emergency event logs, sensor logs, user identities, object identities, logs of users and objects, and other information.
Each exit sign 12A, 12B, 12C may operate as a tracking device by using a human presence sensor 26 (e.g., motion sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, etc.), the transceiver 18, or another sensor. For example, the exit sign can rely on a transceiver 18 to communicate with positional devices associated with users and objects in the area.
The positional devices can be incorporated into personal electronic devices or other electronic devices, for example, cell phones (i.e., smartphones) including an integrated GPS location device which can be used to identify the location of the user. In
When an emergency event is sensed by at least one of the sensors of an exit sign 12A, 12B, 12C, the transceiver 18 of the respective exit sign transmits an emergency signal to a user's electronic device 36A, 36B if the user is in a region affected by the emergency. Users can also be notified of an emergency event in other locations on their electronic devices through communication with the servers 38, 40. The transceiver 18 can also send a signal directly to other exit signs. In turn, these exit signs can modify their respective displays 20 on their respective sign housings to show an emergency message.
When a fire sensor 30 detects a fire near its respective exit sign, that exit sign 12 generates and transmits an updated exit plan, to direct users away from the exit associated with that exit sign. The processor 14 on the sign 12 generates an updated exit plan, and the sign's transceiver 18 sends the updated exit plan to the electronic devices 36A, 36B of nearby users. The transceiver 18 of the exit sign 12 also sends an emergency message to servers 38, 40, which in turn transmit an emergency message to other exit signs 12 and/or electronic devices 36A, 36B belonging to users. Other exit signs can provide updated emergency maps to electronic devices of their respective nearby users.
After an emergency event is no longer sensed by the sensors of the exit sign, the sign displays an “all clear” message, and the sign transmits an “all clear” message to electronic devices of users.
During normal operation, the exit signs 12 are able to provide location services to users' electronic devices 36 (e.g. smartphones, wearables, tablet computers, or other personal electronic devices) in the area. At step 200, the signs 12 sense the locations of objects 54 and user devices 36. The exit signs 12 share the location information with the servers 38, 40. At step 300, the signs 12 provide location services to help people within the building find and locate exits or items.
At step 400, exit plans are transmitted from the exit sign 12 and downloaded to electronic devices 36 in the area. In the case of an emergency, those exit plans are automatically launched on the user electronic devices 36, augmenting the signage within the building.
Meanwhile, additional features may be implemented within the exit signs 12 during normal operation. At step 500, sensors in each exit sign sense conditions of the building environment.
At step 600, sensor information may be output and used in building environmental control systems. For example, temperature and humidity sensor information may be used in heating and cooling operations, and occupancy sensor information may be used for lighting, heating, and cooling control.
The sensors continuously monitor the building environment. If an emergency event is detected, at step 700 the exit signs 12 or the servers 38, 40 launch exit plans on the users' electronic devices 36. In addition to launching the exit plans, the users can be informed by a separate emergency alert at step 800.
At step 800, the system 10 also transmits a message to emergency responders arriving on the scene. In this way, emergency responders can get occupancy information when arriving on the scene. For example, the active exit system 10 can advise the emergency responders that ten users were occupying the third floor, only nine of them have exited, and one user is still detected near the south exit.
If necessary, exit plans are updated by the system 10 at step 900 based on the nature and location of the emergency event. For example, if fire is detected near an exit, the users' exit plan can be dynamically updated at step 900 and the sign 12 can update to show the exit as unsafe at step 1000 (for example, as shown in
At step 1100, the exit sign 12 can then direct users' electronic devices 36 to display an “all clear” message when the active exit system 10 or a human controller of the system 10 has deemed that it is safe for people to return to the area.
After the emergency event, the exit signs 12 continue to sense the respective locations of users and objects in the area at step 200, and the exit signs 12 continue to sense conditions of the building environment at step 500.
The active exit system 10 provides, among other things, a thermostat/environmental control system, a security system, and a life safety system. Sensors and radios are useful for gathering and sharing the various forms of information.
The exit signs 12 can be built off of one or more mobile computer platforms. The active exit system 10 enables add-on software services for the sign 12, the servers 38, 40, and the electronic devices 36 of users.
In summary, it can be appreciated from the foregoing description and illustrations that the exemplary active exit systems and exit signs assist building occupants and emergency responders during emergency events. By monitoring and analyzing building conditions, the systems can also provide useful building information during non-emergency events.
To supplement the present disclosure, this application incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patents, patent application publications, and patent applications:
In the specification and/or figures, typical embodiments and environments of the invention have been disclosed. The present invention is not limited to such exemplary embodiments. The use of the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The figures are schematic representations and so are not necessarily drawn to scale. Unless otherwise noted, specific terms have been used in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposes of limitation.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/961,958 for Active Emergency Exit Systems for Buildings filed Dec. 8, 2015 (and published Jun. 23, 2016 as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2016/0180663), now U.S. Pat. No. 9,761,096, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/093,501 for an ACTIVE EXIT SYSTEM filed Dec. 18, 2014. Each of the foregoing patent applications, patent publication, and patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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