Patent Grant
12117693
N/A
Electronic displays are a nearly ubiquitous medium for communicating information to users of a wide variety of devices and products. Most commonly employed electronic displays include the cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma display panels (PDP), liquid crystal displays (LCD), electroluminescent displays (EL), organic light emitting diode (OLED) and active matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) displays, electrophoretic displays (EP) and various displays that employ electromechanical or electrofluidic light modulation (e.g., digital micromirror devices, electrowetting displays, etc.). Generally, electronic displays may be categorized as either active displays (i.e., displays that emit light) or passive displays (i.e., displays that modulate light provided by another source). Among the most obvious examples of active displays are CRTs, PDPs and OLEDs/AMOLEDs. Displays that are typically classified as passive when considering emitted light are LCDs and EP displays. Passive displays, while often exhibiting attractive performance characteristics including, but not limited to, inherently low power consumption, may find somewhat limited use in many practical applications given the lack of an ability to emit light.
Various features of examples and embodiments in accordance with the principles described herein may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
Certain examples and embodiments have other features that are one of in addition to and in lieu of the features illustrated in the above-referenced figures. These and other features are detailed below with reference to the above-referenced figures.
Examples and embodiments in accordance with the principles described herein provide a multiview backlight and a multiview display that utilizes the multiview backlight that employ a diffuser to selectively diffuse light emitted by an array of active emitters. In particular, embodiments consistent with the principles described herein provide a multiview backlight employing an array of active emitters and a diffuser configured to diffuse the emitted light from an active emitter of the active emitter array. The diffuser, in turn, is configured to provide an effective active emitter that is a diffused image of the active emitter. The effective active emitter provided by the diffuser has a predetermined size that is configured to provide a plurality of directional light beams. According to various embodiments, different principal angular directions of the directional light beams provided by the effective active emitter correspond to directions of various different views of a multiview display or equivalently of a multiview image displayed by the multiview display. According to various embodiments, the predetermined size is provided by a ‘strength’ of the diffuser that is selected based on an actual size of the active emitter and a spacing between the active emitter and a location of the effective active emitter. Further, selective activation of a first active emitter array and a second active emitter array may facilitate reconfiguration of the multiview backlight to provide either directional light beams associated with a multiview display or light consistent with a two-dimensional (2D) display, according to various embodiments. The directional light beams may be or represent a lightfield, for example. As a result, a multiview display that employs the multiview backlight may be switched between a multiview mode and a 2D mode by the selective activation of the first and second active emitter arrays.
Herein a ‘two-dimensional display’ or ‘2D display’ is defined as a display configured to provide a view of an image that is substantially the same regardless of a direction from which the image is viewed (i.e., within a predefined viewing angle or range of the 2D display). A conventional liquid crystal display (LCD) found in may smart phones and computer monitors are examples of 2D displays. In contrast and herein, a ‘multiview display’ is defined as an electronic display or display system configured to provide different views of a multiview image in or from different view directions. In particular, the different views may represent different perspective views of a scene or object of the multiview image. Uses of multiview backlighting and multiview displays applicable to the display of multiview images described herein include, but are not limited to, mobile telephones (e.g., smart phones), watches, tablet computes, mobile computers (e.g., laptop computers), personal computers and computer monitors, automobile display consoles, cameras displays, and various other mobile as well as substantially non-mobile display applications and devices.
The multiview display 10 provides different views 14 of the multiview image in different view directions 16 relative to the screen 12. The view directions 16 are illustrated as arrows extending from the screen 12 in various different principal angular directions; the different views 14 are illustrated as shaded polygonal boxes at the termination of the arrows (i.e., depicting the view directions 16); and only four views 14 and four view directions 16 are illustrated, all by way of example and not limitation. Note that while the different views 14 are illustrated in
A view direction or equivalently a light beam having a direction corresponding to a view direction of a multiview display generally has a principal angular direction given by angular components {θ, ϕ}, by definition herein. The angular component θ is referred to herein as the ‘elevation component’ or ‘elevation angle’ of the light beam. The angular component ϕ is referred to as the ‘azimuth component’ or ‘azimuth angle’ of the light beam. By definition, the elevation angle θ is an angle in a vertical plane (e.g., perpendicular to a plane of the multiview display screen while the azimuth angle ϕ is an angle in a horizontal plane (e.g., parallel to the multiview display screen plane).
The term ‘multiview’ as used in the terms ‘multiview image’ and ‘multiview display’ is defined herein as a plurality of views representing different perspectives or including angular disparity between views of the view plurality. In addition, herein the term ‘multiview’ explicitly includes two or more different views (e.g., a minimum of three views and generally more than three views), by definition herein. In some embodiments, ‘multiview display’ as employed herein may be used to explicitly distinguish from a stereoscopic display that includes only two different views to represent a scene or an image. Note however, while multiview images and multiview displays may include more than two views, by definition herein, multiview images may be viewed (e.g., on a multiview display) as a stereoscopic pair of images by selecting only two of the multiview views to view at a time (e.g., one view per eye).
A ‘multiview pixel’ is defined herein as a set of view pixels representing pixels of views in each of a similar plurality of different views of a multiview display. In particular, a multiview pixel may have individual view pixels corresponding to or representing a particular view pixel in each of the different views of the multiview image. Moreover, the view pixels of the multiview pixel are so-called ‘directional pixels’ in that each of the view pixels is associated with a predetermined view direction of a corresponding one of the different views, by definition herein. Further, according to various examples and embodiments, the different view pixels of a multiview pixel may have equivalent or at least substantially similar locations or coordinates in each of the different views. For example, a first multiview pixel may have individual view pixels corresponding to pixels located at {x1, y1} in each of the different views of a multiview image, while a second multiview pixel may have individual view pixels corresponding to pixels located at {x2, y2} in each of the different views, and so on. View pixels, in turn, are equivalent to light valves of an array of light valves of the multiview display, by definition herein. As such, the terms ‘view pixel’ and ‘light valve’ may be used interchangeably herein unless a distinction is necessary for proper understanding.
Herein, an ‘active emitter’ is defined as an active source of light (e.g., an optical emitter configured to produce and emit light when activated). As such, an active emitter does not receive light from another source of light, by definition. Instead, the active emitter directly generates light when activated. The active emitter may be activated by applying a power source such as a voltage or a current, by definition herein. For example, the active emitter may comprise an optical emitter such as a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light when activated or turned on. The LED may be activated by applying a voltage to terminals of the LED, for example. In particular, herein the light source may be substantially any active source of light or comprise substantially any active optical emitter including, but not limited to, one or more of a light emitting diode (LED), a laser, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a polymer light emitting diode, a plasma-based optical emitter, a miniLED (mLED), and a microLED (μLED). The light produced by the active emitter may have a color (i.e., may include a particular wavelength of light), or may be a plurality or range of wavelengths (e.g., polychromatic light or white light). Different colors of light provided or produced by an active emitter may include, but are not limited to, primary colors (e.g., red, green, blue), for example. By definition herein, a ‘color emitter’ is an active emitter that provides light having a color. In some embodiments, the active emitter may comprise a plurality of active emitters. For example, the active emitter may include a set or group of active emitters. In some embodiments, at least one of the active emitters in the set or group of active emitters may generate light having a color, or equivalently a wavelength, that differs from a color or wavelength of light produced by at least one other optical emitter of the plurality.
Further by definition herein, the term ‘broad-angle’ as in ‘broad-angle emitted light’ is defined as light having a cone angle that is greater than a cone angle of the view of a multiview image or multiview display. In particular, in some embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light may have a cone angle that is greater than about sixty degrees (60°). In other embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light cone angle may be greater than about fifty degrees (50°), or greater than about forty degrees (40°). For example, the cone angle of the broad-angle emitted light may be about one hundred twenty degrees (100°). Alternatively, the broad-angle emitted light may have an angular range that is greater than plus and minus forty-five degrees (e.g., >±45°) relative to the normal direction of a display. In other embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light angular range may be greater than plus and minus fifty degrees (e.g., >±50°), or greater than plus and minus sixty degrees (e.g., >±60°), or greater than plus and minus sixty-five degrees (e.g., >±65°). For example, the angular range of the broad-angle emitted light may be greater than about seventy degrees on either side of the normal direction of the display (e.g., >±70°). A ‘broad-angle backlight’ is a backlight configured to provide broad-angle emitted light, by definition herein.
In some embodiments, the broad-angle emitted light cone angle may defined to be about the same as a viewing angle of an LCD computer monitor, an LCD tablet, an LCD television, or a similar digital display device meant for broad-angle viewing (e.g., about ±40-65°). In other embodiments, broad-angle emitted light may also be characterized or described as diffuse light, substantially diffuse light, non-directional light (i.e., lacking any specific or defined directionality), or as light having a single or substantially uniform direction.
Further, as used herein, the article ‘a’ is intended to have its ordinary meaning in the patent arts, namely ‘one or more’. For example, ‘an active emitter’ means one or more arrays and as such, ‘the active emitter’ means ‘the active emitter(s)’ herein. Also, any reference herein to ‘top’, ‘bottom’, ‘upper’, ‘lower’, ‘up’, ‘down’, ‘front’, back’, ‘first’, ‘second’, ‘left’ or ‘right’ is not intended to be a limitation herein. Herein, the term ‘about’ when applied to a value generally means within the tolerance range of the equipment used to produce the value, or may mean plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 5%, or plus or minus 1%, unless otherwise expressly specified. Further, the term ‘substantially’ as used herein means a majority, or almost all, or all, or an amount within a range of about 51% to about 100%. Moreover, examples herein are intended to be illustrative only and are presented for discussion purposes and not by way of limitation.
According to some embodiments of the principles described herein, a multiview backlight is provided.
The multiview backlight 100 illustrated in
In some embodiments, the active emitters 110 may be arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) array (e.g., a rectangular array) having rows and columns. For example,
In another example, active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array may be arranged as plurality of parallel columns distributed across the planar substrate 101, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
Any of a variety of diffusers or diffuser layers may be used as the diffuser 120. For example, the diffuser 120 may be based on a volumetric or bulk diffuser in which scattering is provided by embedded scattering centers having a variable characteristic such as, but not limited to, one or more of scattering center density, scattering center size and scattering center distribution. In another example, the diffuser 120 may be a surface diffuser configured to provide scattering or diffusion based on variable surface roughness, a prismatic array, or a lenticular array. A lenticular array may provide a highly anisotropic or substantially one-dimensional (1D) diffusion, for example. In yet other embodiments, the diffuser 120 may be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) diffuser or a diffuser based on another technology including, but not limited to, electrophoretics or electrowetting. In these embodiments, the diffuser 120 may be switchable, for example. Moreover, the diffuser 120 may have a different diffusion strength or a different diffusion kernel in different directions across the diffuser 120 (e.g., orthogonal directions).
According to various embodiments, the diffuser 120 is configured to provide an effective active emitter 110′ from or using the emitted light 102′ provided by each active emitter 110 of the first active emitter array. That is, the diffuser 120 is configured to receive the emitted light 102′ and diffuse or spread out the received emitted light 102′ to provide light as or in the form of the effective active emitter 110′. In turn, the effective active emitters 110′ provided by the diffuser 120 are configured to provide or emit light that mimics light emitted by an active emitter having the size of the effective active emitter 110′. For example, the effective active emitter 110′ may be provided at or in a vicinity of a surface of the diffuser 120. Further, as illustrated in
According to various embodiments, the diffuser 120 is configured to provide the effective active emitter 110′ having a predetermined size. In particular, the diffuser 120 is configured to expand an apparent area of size of an active emitter 110 of the first active emitter array such that the effective active emitter 110′ has the predetermined size. In some embodiments, the diffuser may provide the effective active emitter 110′ having a predetermined size that is between one quarter and two times a size of a light valve of a multiview display that employs the multiview backlight 100. In embodiments in which the active emitters 110 are arrange in parallel columns, the predetermined size of the effective active emitters 110′ provided by the diffuser 120 is in a width direction across the parallel columns. For example, the predetermined size may be in an x-direction where the parallel columns are substantially in the y-direction, e.g., as illustrated in
According to some embodiments, the multiview backlight 100 may further comprise a second array of active emitters. As with the first array of active emitters 110, active emitters of the second active emitter array are also configured to emit light. In addition, the diffuser 120 is further configured to diffuse the emitted light 102″ provided by the active emitters of the second active emitter array, according to some embodiments. The emitted light 102′, 102″ provided by the diffuser 120 from light emitted by a combination of the first and second active emitter arrays may be or represent broad-angle light, according to some embodiments.
In some embodiments, the active emitters 130 of the second active emitter array are disposed about halfway between the active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array. In other embodiments, a spacing between active emitters 130 of the second active emitter array and also between the active emitters 130 and active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array is an integer multiple of a spacing between light valves of a light valve array of a multiview display. For example, the active emitters 130 of the second active emitter array may be spaced apart from one another and from the active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array by a distance corresponding to a spacing between or pitch of the light valves of the light valve array. When the active emitters 110, 130 of the first and second active emitter arrays are arranged as columns, columns of the second active emitter array are disposed between and may alternate with the columns of the first active emitter array, in some embodiments. In various embodiments, the columns of active emitters 130 of the second active emitter array may have different spacings such as, but not limited to, halfway between columns of active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array and a spacing corresponding to the light valve pitch.
According to some embodiments, the active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array are configured to provide emitted light 102′ during a first or ‘multiview’ mode of the multiview backlight 100. In particular, during the multiview mode the active emitters 110 are activated or turned on and emit light, while the active emitters 130 of the second active emitter array (if present) are inactivated or turned off and do not emit light. As such, effective active emitters 110′ provide by the diffuser 120 from the light emitted by the first active emitter array provide the directional light beams 102, e.g., to be modulated by the light valves 104 as the multiview image.
In some embodiments, active emitters 110, 130 of both the first active emitter array and the second active emitter array are configured to provide emitted light 102′, 102″ (as combined emitted light) during a second or ‘two-dimensional’ (2D) mode of the multiview backlight 100. In particular, during the 2D mode both the active emitters 110 and the active emitters 130 are activated and emit light. As illustrated in
As mentioned above,
By definition herein, a light valve 104 of the light valve array may correspond to a view pixel of the multiview display, while a set of the light valves 104 or set of view pixels may correspond to a multiview pixel 106. In particular, a different set of light valves 104 of the light valve array may be configured to receive and modulate the directional light beams 102 from different ones of the active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array. As such, there may be one unique set of light valves 104 (or multiview pixel 106) for each active emitter 110, e.g., as illustrated in
Further, in
In some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in
According to some embodiments, an active emitter 110, 130 of one or both of the first active emitter array and the second active emitter array may comprise either a mini light emitting diode (miniLED or mLED) or a micro light emitting diode (microLED or μLED). Herein, a miniLED is a light emitting diode having dimensions that are less than about 0.5 millimeters (mm). For example, a miniLED may have dimensions in the range of about 75 micrometers (μm) to about 300 μm. Herein, μLED is defined as a microscopic light emitting diode (LED), i.e., an LED having microscopic dimensions that are less than 100 μm and more generally less than about 75 μm. For example, a microLED may have a size of about 10-50 μm. In some embodiments, the miniLED or μLED may comprise a plurality of miniLEDs or μLEDs that, when combined, function together as a unit as the active emitter 110, 130.
In some embodiments, a miniLED or a μLED may comprise a plurality of different regions, each of the different regions (or equivalently the plurality of miniLEDs or μLEDs) being configured to provide a different color of light. For example, the miniLED or μLED may comprise three regions, a first region being configured to provide red light, a second region being configured to provide green light, and a third region being configured to provide blue light. As such, the miniLED or μLED may be configured to selectably provide red, green, or blue light or any combination thereof (e.g., white light).
According to some embodiments, an active emitter 110, 130 of one or both of the first active emitter array and the second active emitter array may comprise an organic light emitting diode (OLED). As defined herein, an OLED is an emitter having an emissive electroluminescent film or layer comprising an organic compound configured to emit light in response to an electric current or similar electrical stimulus. As with the miniLED and μLED, the OLED may comprise a plurality of OLEDs that, when combined, function together as a unit as the active emitter 110, 130. In some embodiments, the OLED may comprise a plurality of different regions, each of the different regions being configured to provide a different color of light. For example, the OLED may comprise three regions, a first region being configured to provide red light, a second region being configured to provide green light, and a third region being configured to provide blue light. As such, the OLED serving as the active emitter 110, 130 may be configured to provide by selection red, green, or blue light or any combination thereof (e.g., white light). In yet other embodiments, another type of active optical emitter may be used as the active emitter 110, 130 such as, but not limited to, a high intensity LED and a quantum dot LED.
In some embodiments, the active emitters 110, 130 may be configured to provide light that is substantially monochromatic having a particular color (i.e., the light may include a particular wavelength of light). In other embodiments, the active emitter 110, 130 may be configured to provide polychromatic light such as, but not limited to, white light, that includes a plurality or range of wavelengths. For example, the active emitter 110, 130 may be configured to provide one or more of red light, green light, blue light, or a combination thereof. In another example, the active emitter 110, 130 may be configured to provide light that is substantially white light (i.e., the active emitter 110, 130 may be a white μLED or white OLED).
In some embodiments, the active emitter 110, 130 may include a micro-lens, a diffraction grating, or another optical film or component configured to provide one or both of collimation (e.g., according to a collimation factor) and polarization control of emitted light or equivalently of the directional light beams 102. The micro-lens, the diffraction grating, or the other optical film or component may also or alternatively be configured to control a direction of the directional light beams 102. Alternatively, one or both of the collimation and polarization control may be provided by an optical layer or film between the active emitter arrays and the light valve array, for example.
The first active emitter array and the second active emitter arrays may be independently controlled, activated, or powered to provide local dimming and also to enable switching between directional light beam production by the effective active emitters using light emitted by first active emitter array and diffuse light provided by a combination of the first and second active emitter arrays, according to some embodiments. In particular, in some embodiments, the active emitters 110 of the first active emitter array may be configured to provide by selective activation the directional light beams 102, e.g., during a the multiview mode of the multiview backlight. Similarly, the active emitters 110, 130 of both of the first and second active emitter arrays may be configured to provide emitted light by selective activation that is, in turn, diffused by the diffuser, e.g., during a 2D mode of the multiview backlight 100.
Referring again to
In accordance with some embodiments of the principles described herein, a multiview display is provided. The multiview display is configured to display a multiview image, according to various embodiments.
As illustrated, the multiview display 200 comprises an array of effective active emitters 210. Each effective active emitter 210 of the effective active emitter array comprises an active emitter on a planar substrate configured to emit light. According to some embodiments, the active emitter of the effective active emitter 210 may be substantially similar to the active emitter 110 of the first array of active emitters described above with respect to the multiview backlight 100.
Each effective active emitter 210 of the effective active emitter array further comprises a diffuser configured to diffuse the emitted light from the active emitter which, in turn, exits the diffuser as output emitted light 202 from of the effective active emitters 210. According to some embodiments, the diffuser may be substantially similar to the diffuser 120 of the above-described multiview backlight 100. In particular, the diffuser is configured to determine a size of the effective active emitter 210, as described above.
As illustrated in
According to some embodiments, the effective active emitter array comprises a first set 212 of effective active emitters 210 spaced apart from one another by a distance corresponding to a spacing between multiview pixels of the multiview display. In these embodiments, each of the effective active emitters 210 of the first set 212 of effective active emitters 210 may be configured to provide output emitted light 202 comprising a plurality of directional light beams having directions corresponding to view directions of the multiview display. The output emitted light 202 from the effective active emitters 210 of the first set 212 that comprises the plurality of directional light beams may be or represent a lightfield, for example. Also in these embodiments, the displayed image provided by the modulation of the output emitted light 202 from the first set 212 of effective active emitters 210 is a multiview image.
According to some embodiments, the multiview display 200 further comprises a second set 214 of effective active emitters 210 between effective active emitters 210 of the first set 212. In these embodiments, the displayed image provided by modulation of the combined output emitted light 202′ provided by a combination of the first set 212 and the second set 214 of effective active emitters is a two-dimensional (2D) image. The effective active emitters 210 of the second set 214 of effective active emitters 210 are spaced apart from one another and adjacent to the effective active emitters 210 of the first set 212 of effective active emitters 210 by a spacing corresponding to the spacing of light valves of the light valve array.
According to some embodiments, effective active emitters 210 of the effective active emitter array are arranged in parallel columns across the planar substrate. In these embodiments, the size of effective active emitters may be a width of the parallel columns, i.e., the size may be in a width direction across the parallel columns. Further, the diffuser may be configured to determine another size of the effective active emitters along a length of the columns that is comparable to a spacing between active emitters along the length of the column, in some embodiments.
According to some embodiments, the first set 212 of effective active emitters 210 may be activated during a multiview mode of the multiview display 200. The multiview mode is illustrated on a left side of
In accordance with some embodiments of the principles described herein, a method of multiview backlight operation is provided.
The method 300 illustrated in
The method 300 of multiview backlight operation illustrated in
In some embodiments, active emitters of the first active emitter array are arranged in a 2D array, e.g., in rows and columns of spaced-apart active emitters as illustrated in and described above with respect to
In some embodiments (not illustrated), the method 300 of multiview backlight operation further comprises emitting light using a second array of active emitters. In these embodiments, the second active emitter array comprises active emitters disposed between the active emitters of the first active emitter array. Further, the diffuser provides emitted light from the light emitted by active emitters of the second active emitter array, in these embodiments. In some embodiments, the active emitters of the first active emitter array emit light during a multiview mode of the multiview backlight and active emitters of both the first and second active emitter array emit light during a two-dimensional (2D) mode of the multiview backlight.
In some embodiments (not illustrated), a method of multiview display operation is provided. The method of multiview display operation comprises the method 300 of multiview backlight operation. The method of multiview display operation further comprises modulating the emitted light from each of the effective active emitters of the first array of active emitters. According to various embodiments, the emitted light from each of the effective active emitters during the multiview mode may comprise a plurality of directional light beams having directions corresponding to view directions of the multiview display. Modulating the emitted light during the multiview mode or equivalently when the second active emitter array is not present provides a multiview image having views in the view directions, according to various embodiments.
In some embodiments (not illustrated), the method of display operation further comprises modulating combined emitted light from effect active emitters provided by the diffuser from light emitted by active emitters of both of the first and second arrays of active emitters during the 2D mode. Modulating the combined emitted light may provide a 2D image, according to various embodiments.
Thus, there have been described examples and embodiments of a multiview backlight, a multiview display, and a method of operating a multiview backlight that employ a diffuser to provide effective active emitters using light emitted by an array of active emitters. It should be understood that the above-described examples are merely illustrative of some of the many specific examples that represent the principles described herein. Clearly, those skilled in the art can readily devise numerous other arrangements without departing from the scope as defined by the following claims.
This application is a continuation patent application of and claims priority to International Patent Application No. PCT/US2021/056901, filed Oct. 27, 2021, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/111,209, filed Nov. 9, 2020, the entirety of each of which is incorporated by reference herein.
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| 20220236596 | Fattal | Jul 2022 | A1 |
| 20230276042 | Fattal et al. | Aug 2023 | A1 |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230276043 A1 | Aug 2023 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63111209 | Nov 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/US2021/056901 | Oct 2021 | WO |
| Child | 18143466 | US |
