Patent Grant
9706766
The present subject matter relates generally to wind turbines and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for producing ultrasonic sound emissions from wind turbines to deter bats.
Wind power is considered one of the cleanest, most environmentally friendly energy sources presently available, and wind turbines have gained increased attention in this regard. However, while being considered environmentally safe, wind turbines can pose a threat to bats. Specifically, it has been found that bats may have trouble detecting the rotating rotor blades of a wind turbine or may even be attracted to the wind turbine. As a result, bats can be struck by the rotor blades and killed. The occurrence of such bat strikes have led many to enact regulations and/or laws prohibiting and/or discouraging the placement of wind turbines in areas of high bat populations and/or restricting the operation of wind turbines at night.
Many believe that ultrasonic sound in the frequency range of about 25 kHz to about 100 kHz may be effective at deterring bats by interfering with both the bats' natural sonar and their ability to hunt insects. However, generating enough sound to cover the entire rotor diameter of a wind turbine has proven to be a difficult task. For example, previous attempts have focused on the use of speakers mounted on the nacelle. Unfortunately, due to dissipation of the sound, it has been found that nacelle mounted speakers do not provide for sufficient bat deterrence.
Accordingly, methods and apparatus for producing ultrasonic sound emissions that are capable of producing sufficient acoustic power to deter bats from a wind turbine would be welcomed in the technology.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a method for producing an ultrasonic sound emission from a wind turbine. The method includes operating the wind turbine with an ultrasonic sound emitting device mounted on or within a component of the wind turbine, and receiving in a controller at least one indicator. The method further includes determining if an operating condition exists based on the at least one indicator, and supplying a fluid flow through an outlet of the ultrasonic sound emitting device such that an ultrasonic sound emission is produced by the ultrasonic sound emitting device if the operating condition exists.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to an active system for emitting ultrasonic sounds from a wind turbine. The system includes an ultrasonic sound emitting device configured to be mounted on or within a component of the wind turbine, the ultrasonic sound emitting device including an inlet and an outlet, and a compressor in fluid communication with the ultrasonic sound emitting device, the compressor configured to supply a fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting device. The system further includes a controller coupled to the ultrasonic sound emitting device and the compressor, the controller operable to determine if an operating condition exists based on at least one indicator and activate the compressor to supply the fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting device if the operating condition exists. The ultrasonic sound emitting device is configured to accelerate the fluid flow derived from the compressor through the outlet such that an ultrasonic sound emission is produced by the ultrasonic sound emitting device.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a wind turbine. The wind turbine includes a tower, a nacelle mounted on the tower, and a rotor coupled to the nacelle, the rotor including a hub and at least one rotor blade extending from the hub. The wind turbine further includes an ultrasonic sound emitting device mounted on or within one of the tower, the nacelle, the hub, or the at least one rotor blade, the ultrasonic sound emitting device including an inlet and an outlet, and a compressor in fluid communication with the ultrasonic sound emitting device, the compressor configured to supply a fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting device. The wind turbine further includes a controller coupled to the ultrasonic sound emitting device and the compressor, the controller operable to determine if an operating condition exists based on at least one indicator and activate the compressor to supply the fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting device if the operating condition exists. The ultrasonic sound emitting device is configured to accelerate the fluid flow derived from the compressor through the outlet such that an ultrasonic sound emission is produced by the ultrasonic sound emitting device.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
In general, the present subject matter is directed to a wind turbine including one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices configured to produce sound at a frequency within the ultrasonic range (e.g., from about 25 kHz to about 100 kHz). In several embodiments, the ultrasonic sound emitting devices may be one or more nozzles mounted on and/or within one or more components of the wind turbine, such as the nacelle, tower, rotor blade and/or hub of the wind turbine. A pressurized fluid source may be in fluid communication with each nozzle such that a fluid flow (e.g., an airflow) is directed into the nozzle and is choked, thereby producing a fluid jet (e.g., a supersonic air jet) at the nozzle outlet that emits sound within the ultrasonic frequency range. It is believed that the ultrasonic sound emitted from the disclosed nozzles may deter bats from flying into and/or adjacent to a wind turbine.
It should be appreciated that the disclosed nozzles may be configured to continuously generate an ultrasonic sound emission during operation of a wind turbine. However, due to the fact that the fluid source may be electronically controlled, fluid may, in several embodiments, only be supplied to nozzles during certain operating periods (e.g., during nighttime operating hours) and/or the fluid may be pulsated through the nozzles such a pulsed or periodic ultrasonic sound emission is generated by the nozzles.
Further, the present disclosure is directed to active systems for emitting ultrasonic sounds from a wind turbine, and methods for producing ultrasonic sound emissions from a wind turbine. An active system may include, for example, a ultrasonic sound emitting device, a compressor, and a controller. The compressor may supply fluid flow to the nozzle, and the controller may regulate such fluid flow as desired. A method may include, for example, determining if an operating condition exists based on one or more indicators, and supplying the fluid flow through the nozzle if the operating condition exists.
Referring now to the drawings,
Additionally, in several embodiments, one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 may be mounted on and/or within one or more components of the wind turbine 10 to deter bats from flying into and/or adjacent to the wind turbine 10. As used herein, the term “component” generally refers to any component of the wind turbine 10, including, but are not limited to, the tower 12, the nacelle 16, the rotor blades 22 and the hub 20 of the wind turbine 10.
For example, as shown in
Moreover, one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 may also be mounted on and/or within the nacelle 16 at any suitable location. For example, as shown in
It should be appreciated that the specific placement and number of the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 shown in
Referring now to
As particularly shown in
It should be appreciated that, in several embodiments, the diameter 116 of the outlet 110 may be selected so as to specifically tailor the frequency of the ultrasonic sound emission produced by the nozzle 100. For instance, in one embodiment, an outlet diameter 116 ranging from about 5 mm to about 15 mm may be utilized to produce ultrasonic sound at a frequency of about 25 kHz while an outlet diameter 116 ranging from about 1 mm to about 5 mm may be utilized to produce ultrasonic sound at a frequency of about 100 kHz. Accordingly, it may be desirable to position multiple nozzles 100 having different outlet diameters 116 at various locations on the wind turbine 10 such that ultrasonic sound emissions at different frequencies may be produced.
It should be appreciated that the nozzle 100 may generally be configured to be mounted to the exterior surface 104 using any suitable fastening means and/or method known in the art. As used herein, a nozzle 100 may be mounted to the exterior surface 104 of a component by being directly or indirectly coupled to such surface 104. Thus, in several embodiments, the nozzle 100 may be mounted to the tower 12, nacelle 16 or hub 20 using one or more suitable fastening mechanisms (e.g., screws, bolts, pins, rivets, and/or the like) and/or by using one or more coupling devices (e.g., brackets, frames, support members and/or the like).
Additionally, it should be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments, the nozzle 100 need not be configured as a converging nozzle. For example, in one embodiment, the nozzle 100 may simply be configured as a thin walled tube or orifice defining a constant diameter between the outlet 108 and the inlet 110.
Referring now to
By configuring the nozzle 100 in the manner shown in
In addition, by configuring the nozzle 100 to include the diverging section 220, the fluid jet 102 traveling through the nozzle throat 222 may expand as it flows through the diverging section 220. Such expansion may generally allow the shape of fluid jet 102 to be modified as it exits through the outlet 210, thereby altering the frequency of the ultrasonic sound emitted by the nozzle 100. It should be appreciated that the diameter/cross-sectional area to which the nozzle 100 increases between the throat 222 and the outlet 210 may generally vary depending on the sound characteristics desired to be achieved, the dimensions of the nozzle throat 222 and/or various other parameters/conditions. However, in several embodiments, a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the outlet 210 to the cross-sectional area of the throat 222 may range from about 1:1 to about 1.2:1, such as from about 1.03:1 to about 1.1:1 or from about 1.1:1 to about 1.2:1 and all other subranges therebetween. However, it is foreseeable by inventors of the present subject matter that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the outlet 210 to the cross-sectional area of the throat 222 may be smaller and/or larger than then values contained within the ranges described above.
It should be appreciated that, in addition to being mounted to an exterior surface 104 of one or more of the components of the wind turbine 10, the nozzles 100 described above may also be at least partially mounted within such component(s). For example,
Alternatively, as indicated above, the nozzles 100 may be mounted within any other suitable component of the wind turbine 10. For example, instead of being a wall 118 of the hub 20, the wall 118 shown in
Referring now to
In general, the nozzle 301 may be configured the same as or similar to the nozzle 100 described above with reference to
Similar to various Hartmann generators and/or other powered resonance tubes known in the art, the closed-end tube 302 may generally be configured to have the same diameter and/or cross-sectional area as the nozzle outlet 310 and may be aligned with the outlet 310 such that the fluid jet 314 exiting the nozzle 301 is directed into the tube 302. Thus, by positioning the tube 302 relative to the outlet 310 so that the tube 302 is disposed within a compression region 316 of the shock cell structure/pattern created at the outlet 310 as the jet 314 exits the nozzle 301, a strong flow instability (including successive compression and expansion waves) may be created within the tube 302. As a result of such flow instability, an ultrasonic sound emission may be generated by the ultrasonic sound emitting device 300 at a frequency ranging from about 25 kHz to about 100 kHz.
It should be appreciated that the closed-end tube 302 may generally be mounted in alignment with the nozzle outlet 310 using any suitable attachment means known in the art. For example, as shown in
Referring now to
Alternatively, as indicated above, the nozzle 301 may be configured to be mounted within any other suitable component of the wind turbine 10. For example, instead of being a wall 118 of the nacelle 16, the wall 118 shown in
It should be appreciated that the ultrasonic sound emissions produced by the disclosed nozzles may generally travel from the nozzles in a cone-shaped sound path. Thus, it may be desirable to orient the nozzles on a wind turbine 10 such that the sound emissions are directed towards the locations at which bats are to be deterred. For example, in one embodiment, the nozzles installed on a particular wind turbine 10 may be oriented such that the sound emissions are directed toward the front of the wind turbine 10 (i.e., along the side of the nacelle 16 at which the rotor blades 22 are located).
It should also be appreciated that, although the present subject matter has been described herein as using nozzles to produce ultrasonic sound emissions, various other ultrasonic sound emitting devices may also be used to deter bats from a wind turbine 10. For example, in one embodiment, a speaker capable of producing ultrasonic sound emissions may be mounted on and/or within one or more of the components of the wind turbine 10. Alternatively, various other devices, such as a powered Helmholtz resonator, a dual bi-morph synthetic jet and/or the like, may be mounted on or within one or more of the components in order to produce ultrasonic sound emissions.
Moreover, although the present subject matter has been described primarily as using nozzles to produce a supersonic fluid jet, ultrasonic sound emissions may also be produced with sub-sonic fluid jets. Thus, it should be appreciated that the disclosed subject matter may generally be utilized to generate any suitable fluid jet that is capable of producing an ultrasonic sound emission.
The present disclosure is further directed to active systems for emitting ultrasonic sounds from wind turbines 10, and to methods for producing ultrasonic sound emissions from wind turbines 10. Referring to
Additionally, it should be appreciated that, in several embodiments, the pressurized fluid source 106 may be configured to supply fluid to the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 at a constant pressure or at a variable pressure. For example, in a particular embodiment, the fluid source 106 may be configured to module the pressure of the fluid supplied to the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 in order to modulate the frequency of the ultrasonic sound emission produced by the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100. Such modulation of the fluid pressure may, in several embodiments, be regulated via a controller 404 commutatively coupled to the fluid source 106, thereby allowing the frequency of the ultrasonic sound emission to be automatically increased or decreased as the pressure is adjusted.
It should also be appreciated that the pressurized fluid source 106 may generally be configured to be positioned at any suitable location relative to the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100. For example, in one embodiment, the fluid source 106 may be configured to be mounted to the exterior surface 104 adjacent to the location of the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100. In another embodiment, the fluid conduit 114 coupling the fluid source 106 to the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 may extend through a wall 118 of the component (e.g., a wall 118 of the tower 12, the nacelle 16, rotor blade 22 and/or the hub 20) such that the fluid source 106 may be housed within the interior of such component. In other embodiments, the fluid source 106 may be disposed at any other suitable location relative to the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100. For instance, the fluid source 106 may be located on the support surface 14 or ground adjacent to the wind turbine 10 and the fluid conduit 114 may be configured to extend between the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 and the fluid source 106 along the interior of the wind turbine 10 (e.g., through the interior of the tower 12, the nacelle 16, the rotor blade 22 and/or the hub 20) or along the exterior of the wind turbine 10.
In exemplary embodiments, as illustrated in
Various devices may be utilized to position a compressor 402 within the tower 12, such as on a platform. As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, a damper layer 416 may be provided between a compressor 402 and the platform. The damper layer 416 may be formed from, for example, rubber or another suitable compliant material. The damper layer 416 may serve to reduce or isolate vibration of the compressor 402, thus reducing transmission thereof to the platform and tower 12, etc.
Additionally or alternatively, a compressor 402 may be mounted through the use of, for example, fasteners, such as blind fasteners that do not require access to the underside of, for example, the associated platform, or nut/bolt combinations, rivets, screws, or other suitable mechanical fasteners. Alternatively, a compressor 402 may be mounted through welding or another suitable fastening process. In further alternative embodiments, a compressor 402 may be mounted through the use of brackets or a mounting box which surrounds the compressor 402, such that the compressor 402 is indirectly mounted. In still further alternative embodiments, a compressor 402 may be suspended above a mounting surface, such as a platform, through the use of ropes, cables, etc. These embodiments may further reduce the transmission of vibrations from the compressor 402.
An active system according to the present disclosure may further include various components between a compressor 402 and ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 for facilitating desired fluid flow to and from the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100. For example, as mentioned above, a transducer 410 may be mounted between a ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 and a compressor 402, such as to the fluid conduit 114 extending therebetween. The transducer 410 may, for example, monitor an operating variable such as pressure or flow rate of the fluid flow during operation. A transducer 410 may be mounted, for example, at the compressor 402 outlet, at the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 inlet, or at any suitable location along the fluid conduit 114 therebetween.
Further, a valve 420 may be mounted between the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 and compressor 402, such as to the fluid conduit 114 extending therebetween. The valve 420 may regulate the fluid flow therethrough, and may for example provide the fluid flow from a compressor 402 to a ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 at a predetermined pulse rate. In some exemplary embodiments, for example, a valve 420 may be a solenoid valve.
Still further, a slip ring 422, such as a pneumatic slip ring, may be mounted between the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 and compressor 402, such as to the fluid conduit 114 extending therebetween. The slip ring 422 may provide the fluid communication between the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 and compressor 402. For example, the slip ring 422 may connect portions of the fluid conduit 144, and allow movement of the ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 relative to the compressor 402 while maintaining the fluid communication therebetween. This is particularly advantageous when a ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 is mounted on or within, for example, the nacelle 16, the hub 20, or a rotor blade 22.
As mentioned, an active system according to the present disclosure may further include a controller 404. The controller 404 may be coupled to the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 and compressors 402, and may be operable to activate the compressors 402 to supply fluid flows to the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 as desired or required. In some exemplary embodiments, as shown, the controller 404 may be separate from a turbine controller 430 of the wind turbine 10. The turbine controller 430 may generally control various functions of the wind turbine 10, such as of the rotor blades 22, hub 20, nacelle 16, generator (not shown), etc. For example, the turbine controller 430 may control pitching of the rotor blades 22, yaw movements of the nacelle 16, and rating of the generator. The controller 404 of an active system according to the present disclosure may in exemplary embodiments be a separate component from the turbine controller 430, and may thus operate independently from the controller 430 to control the compressors 402 and other suitable components of the system. Thus, in these embodiments, the system may be utilized as an after-market, add-on, or retrofit system for an existing wind turbine 10, which can operate independently of the wind turbine 10 operation. Alternatively, however, controller 404 may be a component of the controller 430, and/or the system may be integrated with the wind turbine 10 in general.
As discussed, the controller 404 may generally control operation of the active system, and may further receive, analyze, and process information from various other components of the system in general. It should be appreciated that the controller 404 may generally comprise a computing device, such as a computer or any other suitable processing unit. Thus, in several embodiments, the controller 404 may include one or more processor(s) and associated memory device(s) configured to perform a variety of computer-implemented functions, as shown in
Referring now to
Referring now to
A method according to the present disclosure may further include, for example, the step 510 of receiving in a controller 404 at least one indicator 512. An indicator 512 is generally a monitored or historical condition, such as an environmental condition, that, depending on the state of the condition, may provide an indication that bats are more likely to be present at or near the wind turbine 10. For example, suitable indicators 512 include temperature, wind speed, time, date, air density, and humidity. With respect to wind speed, wind speeds of below approximately 7 meters per second may indicate the likelihood of bats being present. With respect to date, various months, such as between July and September, may indicate the likelihood of bats being present due to migration season. Suitable sensors mounted on or near the wind turbine 10 may measure one or more of these indicators 512, and may transmit these measurements to the controller 404. Other suitable indicators 512 include, for example, historical migration data. Another suitable indicator 512 is the output of a commercial bat detector, such as an Anabat or ReBAT system, or a custom-designed bat detection system. The controller 512 may receive signals from the sensors, etc., of the indicators 512, as measurements thereof, in real time as environmental conditions, etc. change during operation of the wind turbine 10, or may receive historical indicator 512 data or have historical indicator 512 data stored therein.
A method according to the present disclosure may further include, for example, the step 520 of determining if an operating condition 522 exists based on the at least one indicator 512. An operating condition 522 may be, for example, a net or overall indication, based on the indicators 512, that bats are likely to be present at or near the wind turbine 10. The controller 404 may be utilized to perform such determination. Accordingly, suitable algorithms may be provided in the controller 404 to perform such determination based on the indicators 512.
A method according to the present disclosure may further include, for example, the step 530 of supplying a fluid flow through the outlet 110, 210, 310 of one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100 such that an ultrasonic sound emission is produced, as discussed above, if an operation condition 522 exists. Thus, if, for example, it is determined by the controller 404 that an operating condition 522 exists such that it is more likely than not that bats are present at or near the wind turbine 10, the controller 404 may send signals to the compressor 402 to activate the compressor 402, such that fluid flow is supplied to and through one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, as discussed above. If an operating condition 522 does not exist or ceases to exist, the fluid flow may not be supplied or may cease to be supplied.
The fluid flow may be supplied generally continuously or at a predetermined pulse rate, as desired or required. Further, it should be understood that each ultrasonic sound emitting device 100, 300, may be independently operated to supply a fluid flow. Thus, the flows from each ultrasonic sound emitting device 100 may be the same or different. Further, the flows through the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 may, if desired, be coordinated such that various ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 emit sounds at various times, which may for example alternate or otherwise operate in a desired pattern. Various components, such as the compressors 402, controller 404, valves 420, etc., may regulate such fluid flows. It should further be understood that any suitable operation of one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 to produce ultrasonic sound emissions is within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, a method according to the present disclosure may include the step 540 of determining if one or more operating variables 542 for the fluid flow is within predetermined variable ranges 544. An operating variable 542 may, for example, be a state at which the fluid flow to and/or through one or more ultrasonic sound emitting device 100s 100, 300 is flowing. Suitable operating variables 542 include, for example, pressure of the fluid flow or flow rate of the fluid flow. Such operating variables 542 may be measured by suitable sensors, such as for example transducers 410. A suitable variable range 544 for, for example pressure may be between approximately 31 pounds per square inch gauge (“psig”) and approximately 60 psig. The sensors, such as the transducers 410, may be in communication with the controller 404, such that the controller 404 compares the data for operating variables with the predetermine variable ranges 544 and determines if the operating variables 542 are within the predetermined variable ranges 544 for each operating variable 542. A method according to the present disclosure may further, for example, include the step 545 of adjusting supply of the fluid flow to one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 if one or more operating variables 542 are outside of the associated predetermined variable ranges 544. For example, if pressure, flow rate, or another suitable operating variable 542 for a fluid flow exceeded or became less than the predetermined variable range 544, the controller 404 may send signals to the compressor 402 to adjust operation of or deactivate the compressor 402, or otherwise adjust fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300. Such predetermined variable ranges 544 may in exemplary embodiments be ranges in which the resulting emission from the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 is a suitable or desired ultrasonic sound emission. Thus, the supply may be adjusted such that the operating variables 542 are within the associated predetermined variable ranges 544, or may be adjusted such that the supply of fluid flow is ceased.
Additionally or alternatively, a method according to the present disclosure may further include, for example, the step 550 of shutting down the wind turbine 10 if one or more operating variables 542 are outside of the associated predetermined variable range 544. For example, in some cases, when an operating variable 552 is outside of a predetermined variable range 544 and fluid flow thus must be adjusted, bats may remain present at or near the wind turbine 10. To reduce or prevent bat injury and wind turbine 10 interference, the wind turbine 10 may thus be required to be shut down until the bats are no longer present. Thus, in some cases, the wind turbine 10 may be shut down. For example, the controller 404 may communicate with the turbine controller 430, such that the turbine controller 430 initiates conventional wind turbine 10 shut down sequences or operations.
In some embodiments, a method according to the present disclosure may further include the step 560 of determining if the ultrasonic sound emissions from the one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 are within a predetermined emission range 562. For example, suitable sensors mounted on or near the wind turbine 10 may detect the ultrasonic sound emissions emitted by the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300. The sensors may be in communication with the controller 404, and may provide this data to the controller 404, which may compare the actual emissions with the desired predetermined emission range 562. A suitable predetermined emission range 562 may, for example, be between approximately 20 kHz and approximately 100 kHz or between approximately 50 dB and approximately 80 dB. A method according to the present disclosure may further, for example, include the step 565 of adjusting supply of the fluid flow to one or more ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300 if the ultrasonic sounds emissions are outside of the associated predetermined emission range 562. For example, if an ultrasonic sounds emission is outside of an associated predetermined emission range 562, the controller 404 may send signals to the compressor 402 to adjust operation of or deactivate the compressor 402, or otherwise adjust fluid flow to the ultrasonic sound emitting devices 100, 300. Thus, the supply may be adjusted such that the ultrasonic sound emissions are within the associated predetermined emission ranges 562, or may be adjusted such that the supply of fluid flow is ceased.
Additionally or alternatively, a method according to the present disclosure may further include, for example, the step of shutting down the wind turbine 10 if an ultrasonic sound emission is outside of the associated predetermined emission range 562. For example, in some cases, when an ultrasonic sound emission is outside of a predetermined emission range 562 and fluid flow thus must be adjusted, bats may remain present at or near the wind turbine 10. To reduce or prevent bat injury and wind turbine 10 interference, the wind turbine 10 may thus be required to be shut down until the bats are no longer present. Thus, in some cases, the wind turbine 10 may be shut down. For example, the controller 404 may communicate with the turbine controller 430, such that the turbine controller 430 initiates conventional wind turbine 10 shut down sequences or operations.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
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